{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":75,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":75,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"cac2b4a660c9","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance"}},"results":[{"id":"W2067533180","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01315.x","title":"<scp>Optimal Reinsurance Arrangements Under Tail Risk Measures</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Reinsurance; Risk management; Actuarial science; Business; Incentive; Risk analysis (engineering); Economics; Microeconomics; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01971431815062826,"gpt":0.2166586671214622,"spread":0.1969443489708339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002476087,0.0004488958,0.001098063,0.0005382551,0.0003957057,0.0001739191,0.0008780884,0.0002205538,0.00003333618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001066883,0.0004628195,0.0006006691,0.0007859147,0.000112665,0.0009954181,0.00004962943,0.001046094,0.0004795539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002939267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005406954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001570061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002977095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962195,0.0001067067,0.00198289,0.0005502012,0.0003607904,0.0007799432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949446,0.0001669091,0.00367035,0.000647051,0.0003478857,0.0002232134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003136475,0.000966898,0.8183402,0.0000440713,0.0005352195,0.0001647538,0.002193262,0.02339807,0.0001360407,0.0384111,0.01809944,0.09739723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002102045,0.0003822825,0.7891731,0.00008408053,0.00003935615,0.00002196257,0.0001518862,0.0001898281,0.0001594271,0.02900478,0.178461,0.000230239],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9380258,0.01513893,0.03376694,0.000291303,0.001743483,0.0003072373,0.0003352385,0.00004960483,0.01034148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9684273,0.02675207,0.002863309,0.0006155406,0.0007642633,0.000008290821,0.00000378586,0.00004802625,0.0005173803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1603615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2156763096","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01313.x","title":"<scp>Modeling Mortality With Jumps: Applications to Mortality Securitization</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Securitization; Jump; Econometrics; Mortality rate; Bond; Economics; Multivariate statistics; Index (typography); Actuarial science; Statistics; Mathematics; Computer science; Finance; Medicine; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02306819155903948,"gpt":0.3205074622028792,"spread":0.2974392706438397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002819022,0.0002878169,0.0005254837,0.000330335,0.0008723417,0.0002398273,0.0008328739,0.0001339235,0.00001389556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004537108,0.0002609511,0.0002778044,0.001693547,0.000221892,0.0008195412,0.00003622339,0.0005306689,0.00002504602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002156725,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002534732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001226535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002704046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995944,0.0003867524,0.001013663,0.0004168485,0.001633154,0.0006056236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966737,0.0001656281,0.0009752554,0.0005735288,0.001194614,0.0004172573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002569928,0.0005004285,0.9347262,0.00003524258,0.0002469982,0.00003727967,0.007535235,0.02901123,0.00003103228,0.01883255,0.001307217,0.007710828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005949688,0.0001446393,0.9502995,0.000114636,0.0001814924,0.000007238498,0.002692153,0.0003911995,0.00003802982,0.0126268,0.03270385,0.0002054726],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.927954,0.0008260178,0.06003908,0.0003705592,0.0003236816,0.0007673089,0.0000790799,0.00009554818,0.009544729],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926858,0.002228424,0.003579618,0.0005797143,0.0008024599,0.00003496891,0.00000499159,0.00002394013,0.00006009592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06473179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126144087","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01483.x","title":"Managing Systematic Mortality Risk With Group Self‐Pooling and Annuitization Schemes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"PricewaterhouseCoopers (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Longevity risk; Pooling; Actuarial science; Payment; Economics; Longevity; Econometrics; Demography; Medicine; Computer science; Gerontology; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01044631535100338,"gpt":0.2683056906408364,"spread":0.257859375289833,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005864471,0.0002275047,0.0005350003,0.0002592853,0.0007823188,0.0002024823,0.0003214127,0.00008938066,0.000008211775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004057565,0.0001809812,0.0001484634,0.0006281728,0.0002421755,0.001574991,0.00004377064,0.0004227312,0.000005522512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001552366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000461133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009327409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006785399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964768,0.0009194111,0.0007918329,0.0002065779,0.001082836,0.0005225156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970163,0.0002573229,0.001840891,0.0002746051,0.0003687764,0.0002420861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002930531,0.0001285007,0.9821294,0.001105859,0.0003161534,0.00001250809,0.007986313,0.0001654702,0.000004049604,0.006724186,0.00002893446,0.001369319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005958661,0.00005824536,0.9895237,0.001333595,0.0004759759,0.0000185991,0.005069857,0.000169205,0.00001422951,0.001647894,0.0008234731,0.0002693811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827624,0.007054233,0.007633129,0.00006347376,0.0006241456,0.000495687,0.00001694871,0.00007050887,0.001279456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9836961,0.01196677,0.00369798,0.00004968448,0.0005409635,0.0000122511,8.281053e-7,0.00002454913,0.00001084627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007394278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.73802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2246657697","doi":"10.1111/jori.12030","title":"Testing for Asymmetric Information Using “Unused Observables” in Insurance Markets: Evidence from the U.K. Annuity Market","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Aging","funders":"Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association - College Retirement Equities Fund","keywords":"Annuity; Actuarial science; Private information retrieval; Insurance policy; Business; Auto insurance risk selection; Economics; Key person insurance; Finance; Life annuity; Pension","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0843321661091596,"gpt":0.2798340151351447,"spread":0.1955018490259851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005834399,0.0001644822,0.0004844888,0.0003485143,0.0001903032,0.0001350592,0.0005105441,0.00009454072,0.00001160683],"category_scores_gemma":[0.014679,0.000144875,0.0001344398,0.000953031,0.00004016484,0.001684022,0.00005718627,0.0003830211,0.00001623107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002894764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006653251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008134589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002910114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997671,0.0001766689,0.001505141,0.0001814975,0.0001185526,0.0003471602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994237,0.002890124,0.00222108,0.0003255331,0.0002414476,0.00008481322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001688006,0.00003738769,0.9288018,0.00009019529,0.00002636319,0.000001019525,0.0005083667,0.001418844,0.000004865748,0.001129374,0.0006450953,0.06716783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008758834,0.00008935911,0.9374663,0.0004579847,0.000007521958,0.000004522574,0.00007218149,0.01888376,0.00001098569,0.0084864,0.03348616,0.0001589844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.967924,0.00383693,0.02458191,0.001408083,0.0007018687,0.0003610041,0.0003701454,0.00001036488,0.000805683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985913,0.001307624,0.01158036,0.0008541832,0.0003072426,0.00001217313,0.000001543223,0.00001388007,0.00001001214],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06700884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025329530","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01321.x","title":"<scp>Number of Accidents or Number of Claims? An Approach with Zero‐Inflated Poisson Models for Panel Data</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Probability and Risk Models","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Poisson distribution; Count data; Zero-inflated model; Panel data; Distribution (mathematics); Compound Poisson distribution; Actuarial science; Accident (philosophy); Econometrics; Meaning (existential); Zero (linguistics); Poisson regression; Compound Poisson process; Economics; Mathematics; Statistics; Poisson process; Sociology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1660362348971434,"gpt":0.3966661268483997,"spread":0.2306298919512563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005555352,0.0002914513,0.001104606,0.000185374,0.0001521115,0.0001219118,0.002475315,0.0002354214,0.00002215907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002161235,0.0001664829,0.0002523953,0.0009067059,0.0002097283,0.003228805,0.0001149107,0.0005042905,0.000008961319],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005015216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003104614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001019206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004145674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944312,0.0003886979,0.002098333,0.0005778475,0.002093227,0.0004107098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9917461,0.001389266,0.003146392,0.001450036,0.002007752,0.0002604326],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006350934,0.003986069,0.6616982,0.0001320298,0.0004636841,0.0000461452,0.008439702,0.2060631,0.001073256,0.003019782,0.006351392,0.1023757],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006923075,0.001237941,0.4681423,0.0004091459,0.0002499312,0.0007474985,0.001303244,0.1203665,0.001997681,0.3968892,0.001383021,0.0003503829],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8947021,0.0002059436,0.1036402,0.00006050858,0.0001455284,0.0003175522,0.0003566706,0.00001265933,0.0005588807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9466345,0.0004013451,0.0525515,0.00006247822,0.00009523865,0.000002774659,0.00001047114,0.0000206631,0.0002209813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3938694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6788976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104060690","doi":"10.1111/jori.12043","title":"On Lawsuits, Corporate Governance, and Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Opportunism; Business; Lawsuit; Litigation risk analysis; Liability insurance; Moral hazard; Actuarial science; Liability; Shareholder; Reinsurance; Quality (philosophy); Information asymmetry; Accounting; Finance; Economics; Law; Incentive; Microeconomics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01507585108330971,"gpt":0.193101721460451,"spread":0.1780258703771413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001802001,0.0001955899,0.0008752019,0.0001013847,0.0001613369,0.000110526,0.0002216301,0.0001318675,0.00002568223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007532483,0.0002221794,0.0001312868,0.0001505111,0.0002517248,0.000436505,0.00003626422,0.0003544091,0.00004872207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001287818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002674788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005132815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001576475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980375,0.00008112954,0.001163633,0.0003749326,0.00007340365,0.0002694462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960655,0.0003706714,0.002992142,0.0002928136,0.00009435482,0.0001845423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001495181,0.00007436357,0.8440458,0.00004711615,0.00004894527,0.000002802026,0.0002191972,0.000106445,0.000008751041,0.148792,0.000449985,0.006055143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00127306,0.0002477881,0.8973555,0.00009664765,0.00000659437,0.00001983909,0.00001498308,0.0002140532,0.00003852106,0.07187103,0.02860511,0.0002568488],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842513,0.005408351,0.000295257,0.0002167161,0.001271569,0.0001301016,0.0003005007,0.00001513789,0.008111061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914337,0.007553161,0.0002214626,0.000229727,0.0004661405,0.000002985774,9.867931e-7,0.00002638223,0.00006548117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07692095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9060212,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014655641","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2007.00216.x","title":"<scp>Robustly Hedging Variable Annuities With Guarantees Under Jump and Volatility Risks</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Volatility (finance); Downside risk; Economics; Equity (law); Econometrics; Implied volatility; Volatility smile; Black–Scholes model; Call option; Risk management; Jump diffusion; Jump; Replicating portfolio; Model risk; Volatility risk; Stochastic volatility; Actuarial science; Financial economics; Volatility risk premium; Portfolio; Portfolio optimization; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02348050593958276,"gpt":0.2297402625418586,"spread":0.2062597566022758,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001195423,0.00015854,0.0004451711,0.0001907554,0.0002291157,0.00007895131,0.0002039006,0.00008881492,0.000008208441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004270888,0.0001453614,0.00007049857,0.0004137454,0.0001387351,0.0004060196,0.00002904176,0.0003534341,0.000009384785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007176433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005107306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003708077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007280493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986345,0.000005863721,0.0007541798,0.0002283272,0.00007972117,0.0002973908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980086,0.0003774046,0.001105828,0.0001897707,0.0002172291,0.0001011581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009044103,0.0001660993,0.6629527,0.00007962247,0.0001163047,0.00001031996,0.001499008,0.001149916,0.00003815833,0.3299505,0.0002014773,0.003745467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000686595,0.0001197326,0.7812145,0.00007098969,0.00001883668,0.00007015923,0.000520362,0.0007986532,0.0000504076,0.2100592,0.006294094,0.0000965237],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5027633,0.006049369,0.4896167,0.00003734361,0.0001155872,0.00006081202,0.00008788399,0.000009387984,0.001259592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857049,0.0008060753,0.01307985,0.00009912117,0.000222539,0.000003710605,0.000001020569,0.00001883298,0.00006393565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4829416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5927663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138407064","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2006.00194.x","title":"<scp>Killing the Law of Large Numbers: Mortality Risk Premiums and the Sharpe Ratio</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sharpe ratio; Stylized fact; Economics; Portfolio; Hazard ratio; Stock (firearms); Econometrics; Systematic risk; Risk premium; Capital asset pricing model; Actuarial science; Financial economics; Mathematics; Statistics; Confidence interval","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009229328043893752,"gpt":0.2730810355334207,"spread":0.263851707489527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009383893,0.0002320988,0.0005353768,0.00007368006,0.001334557,0.0002159272,0.0008269926,0.0001209115,0.0000144369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007906814,0.0001392264,0.0004236307,0.0006307241,0.001554439,0.0005958086,0.00008846352,0.0007199632,0.000004506938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006630398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008464421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01674152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01468857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954312,0.001448195,0.001081678,0.0002552648,0.001294314,0.0004892878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953153,0.001303032,0.002307113,0.0004613003,0.0005192017,0.00009408184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004989253,0.0001722742,0.8957759,0.00003166391,0.0002552836,0.00001255306,0.009660324,0.001196978,0.000009562854,0.08871599,0.003381584,0.0007380459],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001794794,0.00003770837,0.9167817,0.00008915114,0.0002750751,0.000007196791,0.005340177,0.0003699408,0.00008159477,0.03027482,0.04483946,0.0001083815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767601,0.005003995,0.001264793,0.000376585,0.001068697,0.0005007493,0.0001363009,0.00002589642,0.01486287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900762,0.007968304,0.0005156369,0.0001836587,0.001100134,0.00001096567,0.000001476079,0.00001927702,0.0001243137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05844118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121895333","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2008.00288.x","title":"<scp>Portfolio Choice and Life Insurance: The CRRA Case</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Bequest; Economics; Life insurance; Portfolio; Risk aversion (psychology); Consumption (sociology); Human capital; Actuarial science; Econometrics; Financial economics; Expected utility hypothesis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0155716491282364,"gpt":0.2233477690029171,"spread":0.2077761198746807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009634019,0.0002834995,0.0005291823,0.0003364509,0.0007904859,0.0002283913,0.0003997389,0.00009536934,0.00005383128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002565523,0.0001954538,0.0002713321,0.001037725,0.0002077411,0.001807701,0.0001183757,0.0005684923,0.00006474308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003612177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006567572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001084956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001987409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977621,0.00005319713,0.0008929559,0.000255367,0.0006748796,0.0003614388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966131,0.0004174103,0.001786415,0.0003416826,0.0007889862,0.00005238181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001998528,0.00006649196,0.9798846,0.00003921289,0.00004086884,0.0006396535,0.0002602556,0.0001789102,0.00003788473,0.0002039692,0.01746091,0.001167283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007408416,0.000018551,0.8663185,0.00007960058,0.0001130968,0.000637,0.000150887,0.000315545,0.00001454964,0.0002702826,0.1312386,0.0001025742],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993109,0.004577628,0.00003516747,0.0001582778,0.0006115029,0.0001387436,0.00001196723,0.00003023143,0.001327484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932089,0.002443102,0.0001682158,0.001302449,0.002630489,0.000003788268,0.000002545402,0.00003360583,0.000206932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1137777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7970375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128199404","doi":"10.1111/jori.12107","title":"Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance, Corporate Risk and Risk Taking: New Panel Data Evidence on The Role of Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Panel data; Business; Actuarial science; Liability insurance; Corporate governance; Earnings; Liability; Auto insurance risk selection; Risk management; General insurance; Insurance policy; Accounting; Economics; Finance; Econometrics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0481560801913094,"gpt":0.2453313908630493,"spread":0.1971753106717399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00661058,0.0006136489,0.001066055,0.0002484807,0.0004945626,0.0004587544,0.001277699,0.0001722947,0.00002592881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07367505,0.0004646785,0.0001438931,0.001042897,0.000738271,0.003227584,0.0008918559,0.001374104,0.00001466924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000123887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002124643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007997342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000640388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995366,0.0004919008,0.001393553,0.001001652,0.001192902,0.0005539591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9490247,0.001877839,0.04671924,0.001344543,0.0008692294,0.0001644793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008792654,0.0001562995,0.8714352,0.0002117283,0.0001401507,0.000009411296,0.0004331933,0.0005011408,0.00008982212,0.0003742957,0.0008776148,0.1248918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001478968,0.0001339385,0.952491,0.0008277626,0.0002323307,0.00001041206,0.000357506,0.0009810954,0.0001109238,0.002390925,0.04051766,0.00046742],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9875944,0.008520932,0.00135325,0.0003499186,0.0005883486,0.0005943449,0.0002812489,0.00007073925,0.0006467677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986101,0.01218217,0.0005611772,0.0001664271,0.0008689379,0.000006710511,0.000005677064,0.00006136679,0.00004648469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1244244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117901386","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01462.x","title":"Optimal Reciprocal Reinsurance Treaties Under the Joint Survival Probability and the Joint Profitable Probability","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Reinsurance; Actuarial science; Treaty; Value (mathematics); Economics; Business; Microeconomics; Mathematics; Statistics; Law; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04356629201878464,"gpt":0.22140798463514,"spread":0.1778416926163553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009292598,0.0003398126,0.001045736,0.0001123351,0.0005932751,0.0001613338,0.0004715012,0.0001354738,0.00003912353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00105158,0.0002039863,0.0004120726,0.0004153936,0.0008959786,0.0009418056,0.00015083,0.0008414815,0.00004951741],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000269098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006241404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004860711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007408813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966311,0.0003119056,0.001772342,0.0003776378,0.000245507,0.0006614862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965662,0.00033874,0.002014171,0.0006872892,0.0002596163,0.0001340195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00125681,0.0004447684,0.5898668,0.000141886,0.0002174141,0.000003217554,0.003879799,0.002401706,0.000009821262,0.3958216,0.000516331,0.00543985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002133052,0.0001669571,0.8972548,0.00006349068,0.0000380055,0.00003139999,0.0004954774,0.0002582216,0.00008500183,0.08922429,0.009957969,0.0002913516],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721842,0.01506194,0.005222899,0.002373747,0.001355461,0.0008888703,0.00009981223,0.00002171117,0.002791324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925776,0.00404592,0.002308015,0.0001909409,0.0005939003,0.00007198255,0.00000121334,0.00003004136,0.0001804324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.307388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8318319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1632830938","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2013.12015.x","title":"Pricing Standardized Mortality Securitizations: A Two‐Population Model With Transitory Jump Effects","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Jump; Population; Economics; Econometrics; Mortality rate; Population model; Actuarial science; Demography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00845896341644066,"gpt":0.2795769531343406,"spread":0.2711179897179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001964095,0.0002276547,0.0004916646,0.0002634784,0.0006826399,0.0001988333,0.0003535912,0.00009690857,0.00002902394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003676734,0.0001907759,0.000242502,0.0007119132,0.0002423094,0.001379858,0.00001670118,0.0004271594,0.000006720194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000261439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001824112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004304296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002787973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965364,0.0006329594,0.0007308635,0.0002540147,0.00142747,0.0004182891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974648,0.0002509972,0.0009641756,0.0002800416,0.0008460748,0.0001938572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001268239,0.0002138601,0.9321591,0.0001223082,0.0002815562,0.00002662978,0.009395934,0.04068363,0.00007066251,0.003010627,0.0005378179,0.0133711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002068573,0.00009490993,0.9819114,0.0002684602,0.0001856679,0.000003830085,0.0007708331,0.003596079,0.00007054103,0.009831836,0.0008832756,0.0003145734],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9605914,0.0007378423,0.03536029,0.000128153,0.0006438072,0.000742141,0.00002460706,0.0000663949,0.001705415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926521,0.001913565,0.004774075,0.0001043442,0.0004542363,0.00004474355,0.000002696038,0.00002822891,0.00002600939],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04975237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7779616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005224995","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01426.x","title":"W<scp>hole</scp> F<scp>arm</scp> I<scp>ncome</scp> I<scp>nsurance</scp>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Agricultural risk and resilience","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Indemnity; Crop insurance; Subsidy; Revenue; Agricultural science; Business; Actuarial science; Economics; Agriculture; Agricultural economics; Finance; Environmental science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01759914166159915,"gpt":0.2143742144764442,"spread":0.196775072814845,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002060328,0.001456262,0.001984342,0.0002004314,0.00152568,0.0005027461,0.003349354,0.0009610955,0.0000670541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006706877,0.0006187989,0.001512163,0.002587305,0.0008769408,0.002047616,0.0004717254,0.002753683,0.0007095839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002578387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001454711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007017071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005288052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9902387,0.0008098388,0.002558648,0.001448386,0.002428561,0.002515814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9865452,0.0062616,0.003644165,0.0005522868,0.001494792,0.00150197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005571572,0.002402758,0.7104899,0.0001654486,0.0006060009,0.0008638561,0.01014367,0.0008077676,0.08109105,0.0005968174,0.1542656,0.03851143],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001078696,0.001229039,0.7300541,0.000362264,0.0001517816,0.0005282999,0.007807391,0.00004330508,0.01533452,0.001373809,0.2418789,0.0001578363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9690235,0.01367332,0.00005380072,0.0001792905,0.00259807,0.0007109868,0.0003947471,0.0002654432,0.01310089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9694021,0.01863161,0.001019415,0.0005282851,0.002870549,0.00004098131,0.00003665772,0.00003041222,0.007440014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08761332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124666783","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01312.x","title":"<scp>Hybrid Cat Bonds</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Barrie Urology Group","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council","keywords":"Bond; Reinsurance; Downside risk; Ambiguity; Business; Financial economics; Stock market crash; Risk aversion (psychology); Financial market; Stock market; Economics; Actuarial science; Finance; Expected utility hypothesis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01274464669669055,"gpt":0.2071498278975429,"spread":0.1944051812008524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001114252,0.000231823,0.0006980727,0.0003703211,0.0001730573,0.0001006991,0.0005175396,0.00008721228,0.00002490222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006308889,0.000238915,0.0003132338,0.0003905714,0.00005336527,0.0006185777,0.00002912525,0.0004081885,0.0003570457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001671173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003544057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006282207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007773198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978431,0.00002494518,0.001265732,0.0002817228,0.000134481,0.000449989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997389,0.0001014935,0.001856888,0.0003658455,0.0001519732,0.000134803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001240053,0.0008697926,0.6219924,0.00005827127,0.0002281427,0.0004544622,0.002271687,0.002447749,0.000159279,0.1974534,0.08161255,0.09232825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008572821,0.0002814443,0.6146041,0.00004264612,0.00001147582,0.00004524846,0.00005348409,0.0001173672,0.0001931849,0.05334609,0.3303333,0.0001143326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9612796,0.009795342,0.004266461,0.0003486262,0.001181098,0.0001296088,0.000153203,0.0000253663,0.0228207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868464,0.009563687,0.001630857,0.0006817251,0.0006420131,0.000002382569,0.000002963679,0.00002250224,0.0006074254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2487208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9742669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1490761160","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2013.12014.x","title":"Uncertain Bequest Needs and Long‐Term Insurance Contracts","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Bequest; Incentive; Welfare; Actuarial science; Life insurance; Business; Term (time); Economics; Microeconomics; Market economy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01578768083316469,"gpt":0.2152072679395232,"spread":0.1994195871063585,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009378789,0.0002829549,0.0008051209,0.0004451152,0.0001917142,0.0002057053,0.0004158556,0.0001474033,0.0001061641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003607783,0.0002770872,0.000207331,0.0004592887,0.0001537725,0.00125119,0.0000587075,0.0005437111,0.0003203026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001294186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003133139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004902238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005591881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977233,0.00004291162,0.001351835,0.0002801633,0.000131729,0.0004700123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972456,0.0001351797,0.001841718,0.0003369357,0.000250245,0.0001902889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006517188,0.0001209152,0.952615,0.00004195117,0.00007831174,0.00004096068,0.0006583401,0.0001060684,0.00004609365,0.01332012,0.0008537925,0.0320533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001417247,0.0001763461,0.9720922,0.0001125758,0.00001078775,0.00005152931,0.00006459278,0.00005840311,0.00005710101,0.01197779,0.01365772,0.0003237551],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768908,0.01659876,0.001695024,0.0004899998,0.001034539,0.0002915531,0.0001323154,0.00002091994,0.002846072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983517,0.01472568,0.0006515096,0.0004332036,0.0004176114,0.00001649624,0.000002440049,0.00003462708,0.0002014484],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03172955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122708230","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01439.x","title":"<scp>The Impact of Scale, Complexity, and Service Quality on the Administrative Costs of Pension Funds: A Cross‐Country Comparison</scp>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"De Nederlandsche Bank; Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement","keywords":"Pension; Business; Scale (ratio); Service (business); Quality (philosophy); Economies of scale; Finance; Geography; Marketing","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09089362649906733,"gpt":0.3395231476904534,"spread":0.248629521191386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002051444,0.0002404314,0.0006679237,0.0001608269,0.0002914262,0.0001273206,0.0005175692,0.00007524867,0.00005448749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008797933,0.0001331601,0.0002903363,0.0008153754,0.0003829199,0.000711785,0.0001414319,0.0004204887,0.00001166702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005119164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006273246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007754805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001852652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976132,0.0001659991,0.001137391,0.0001853979,0.0006695463,0.0002284751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937915,0.0006991737,0.003574879,0.0003763451,0.001530619,0.00002749077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004014809,0.0002871041,0.9921141,0.00008033812,0.00007354316,0.000003208231,0.0009973699,0.00008504919,0.000345573,0.004587223,0.0008044721,0.0002205017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006382809,0.0001224785,0.9939131,0.000301995,0.0001210792,0.000005400304,0.0006419173,0.0008782656,0.0003842819,0.002607818,0.0003084529,0.00007694346],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976233,0.0003593007,0.0000203938,0.0001001465,0.0001297951,0.0001955522,0.00006045604,0.000007613246,0.001503485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992172,0.00009217689,0.000140426,0.0003010504,0.000212711,0.000001635547,0.000005333281,0.0000153431,0.00001410107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005902153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2096324490","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2007.00223.x","title":"<scp>Welfare Effects of Banning Genetic Information in the Life Insurance Market: The Case of BRCA1/2 Genes</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Adverse selection; Welfare; Business; Life insurance; Selection (genetic algorithm); Actuarial science; Group insurance; Public economics; Economics; Insurance policy; General insurance; Income protection insurance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01379639561110668,"gpt":0.2393809271112955,"spread":0.2255845315001888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003826682,0.0001334725,0.0004171904,0.0003604948,0.0001191089,0.0000299457,0.0004102152,0.00008317452,0.000006339397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001682769,0.00009765245,0.0001550079,0.000553603,0.0000736456,0.0003760141,0.00003773495,0.0003698764,0.000006271006],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006253093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003701943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002308229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002733321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997766,0.0001286448,0.00161867,0.0001004404,0.0001085769,0.0002776659],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996318,0.0008231631,0.002340158,0.0003148761,0.0001331761,0.00007060891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001483647,0.0002881815,0.7788445,0.001647536,0.000246511,0.000428443,0.02314218,0.008546607,0.00001804695,0.03147348,0.001901537,0.1533147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007882957,0.0001214174,0.9604332,0.0001056024,0.0000103971,0.0001475515,0.0008362086,0.0003866519,0.00009362317,0.001151675,0.03587259,0.00005272458],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821565,0.01200822,0.002417852,0.0006551936,0.0004073774,0.0002908396,0.00007256951,0.000003346593,0.00198816],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952481,0.003681253,0.0003996507,0.0005226645,0.0001234669,0.000006031885,6.025578e-7,0.000009662172,0.000008530281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1815888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3982151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1493538317","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01469.x","title":"Mortality Portfolio Risk Management","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"CVAR; Downside risk; Portfolio; Actuarial science; Diversification (marketing strategy); Risk management; Variance (accounting); Economics; Life insurance; Econometrics; Expected shortfall; Business; Financial economics; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01812124316482306,"gpt":0.3095832903799358,"spread":0.2914620472151127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007540571,0.0002929427,0.0005382047,0.0003875623,0.0007967649,0.0001324436,0.000860519,0.0001404743,0.0002372649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003196767,0.0002649561,0.0005525601,0.0009390073,0.0004162241,0.001254922,0.0001047977,0.000700958,0.0001065051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002762124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007177203,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002285138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006566626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950148,0.0008922658,0.001100087,0.0002648008,0.001795229,0.0009328487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963944,0.0001613533,0.002049484,0.0005526988,0.0003840977,0.0004579486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004904197,0.0003601727,0.9442075,0.0000292608,0.0004216205,0.00005403603,0.002901238,0.0001099275,0.000001883657,0.0161634,0.004353641,0.03134827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005613792,0.00003512856,0.8241982,0.00004978415,0.0002564639,0.000006501639,0.001913323,0.000003563857,0.00001524253,0.003919128,0.1687825,0.0002588244],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9248902,0.004542269,0.000944893,0.00009926338,0.003495376,0.0003752666,0.00006152933,0.00006618411,0.06552502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9660448,0.02941904,0.002515149,0.0001536514,0.001535878,0.00001146986,0.000001508116,0.00002996568,0.0002884973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1644288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114833782","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01508.x","title":"Managing Capital Market and Longevity Risks in a Defined Benefit Pension Plan","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Longevity risk; Downside risk; Asset allocation; Pension; Hedge; Asset (computer security); Longevity; Actuarial science; Plan (archaeology); Business; Risk management; Economics; Capital market; Pension plan; Finance; Portfolio; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01991385905656408,"gpt":0.273660520234742,"spread":0.2537466611781779,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002519819,0.0002070396,0.0004396421,0.0003891407,0.0003709752,0.0001996158,0.0003861808,0.0001159891,0.0001372334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003218476,0.0001879579,0.0001579889,0.0004884579,0.0002794884,0.0009013035,0.00008405362,0.0005414795,0.00002169587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001466895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000486567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02145924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01295403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974267,0.0003924679,0.0006778021,0.0002669511,0.0007522285,0.0004838132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982833,0.000279619,0.0007496885,0.0002297776,0.000258055,0.0001996163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007693836,0.00009112602,0.9541402,0.0000276188,0.00004092431,0.00006965377,0.003748986,0.0001170101,0.00001478161,0.001034096,0.0008566253,0.03978206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008205261,0.00005886963,0.9802944,0.000145143,0.00003004493,0.00001402754,0.002351764,0.0001314095,0.00000672034,0.01395861,0.00197449,0.0002140167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909187,0.002481274,0.00006008676,0.0008001251,0.0005917464,0.000371513,0.00002134924,0.00002398941,0.004731204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868089,0.01187822,0.0008948729,0.0001118817,0.000210202,0.000009083719,9.389992e-7,0.00001718282,0.00006869202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03956805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9850569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143979304","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01394.x","title":"<scp>Canonical Valuation of Mortality‐Linked Securities</scp>","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Valuation (finance); Security market; Actuarial science; Longevity risk; Economics; Financial economics; Econometrics; Business; Pension; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02550806133726564,"gpt":0.3144824158647739,"spread":0.2889743545275083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006196662,0.0002200447,0.0005757012,0.0003136925,0.0004007431,0.0001055167,0.0008388119,0.0002447253,0.00006377794],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00220192,0.0002067591,0.0004896216,0.0007517441,0.0008170211,0.0006921387,0.00006033386,0.001043703,0.00001637331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009254877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004172833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001851121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004697518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954255,0.0006678615,0.001262133,0.000255983,0.001901216,0.0004872784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955466,0.0006843428,0.001950676,0.0004396023,0.00114416,0.0002345792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002184616,0.0003238073,0.9525144,0.00005153282,0.0002100134,0.00002558509,0.008681607,0.0001854788,0.0006959625,0.028759,0.001936232,0.006594523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007935098,0.00009680795,0.9458032,0.00007415765,0.0001254635,0.000006632597,0.001997911,0.00004789606,0.0002689167,0.01443748,0.03625153,0.000096478],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843848,0.0008422041,0.0003367355,0.0001597642,0.002866952,0.0003090918,0.00006377575,0.00003597409,0.01100069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940437,0.003157996,0.001472857,0.00009763726,0.001052768,0.000007859211,0.000002445015,0.00002327349,0.000141448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0343153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8431391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062733037","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01458.x","title":"Are Underwriting Cycles Real and Forecastable?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Underwriting; Predictability; Autoregressive model; Econometrics; Economics; Sample (material); Series (stratigraphy); Statistics; Mathematics; Actuarial science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03242433828076713,"gpt":0.2309674099823096,"spread":0.1985430717015425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001212368,0.0001382906,0.0004502109,0.0001911238,0.0001624669,0.00005902472,0.0001596029,0.00007253305,0.00002247706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002483449,0.0001402456,0.0001240349,0.0001867097,0.00005706073,0.0007855292,0.00004367558,0.0002774366,0.00004522729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008703357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007805806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001650159,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003980724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986574,0.00002185486,0.0007526057,0.0001381204,0.00006860523,0.0003614322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976458,0.00007730428,0.001946366,0.0001492768,0.00006869226,0.000112565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003519603,0.0000626348,0.9410247,0.00002713569,0.00003374839,0.00000855118,0.0004571158,0.00004657815,0.000004398591,0.0460906,0.0003519318,0.01185744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005423811,0.00003760161,0.9571391,0.00006354322,0.000009218388,0.00002737589,0.0003562294,0.00004579756,0.00002709623,0.0128441,0.0287427,0.0001648603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758655,0.01340076,0.001896918,0.0001305218,0.0006589602,0.00007061924,0.00008539103,0.00001049169,0.007880872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850973,0.01273837,0.001370454,0.0001109211,0.0006046353,0.000002343801,5.36202e-7,0.00001971218,0.00005566923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03324649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5719049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2136821099","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01314.x","title":"<scp>Nonlinear Cointegration Relationships Between Non‐Life Insurance Premiums and Financial Markets</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cointegration; Underwriting; Economics; Life insurance; Linkage (software); Financial market; Econometrics; Error correction model; Financial economics; Actuarial science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01956660046301547,"gpt":0.2155661899800366,"spread":0.1959995895170211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002321248,0.0003166767,0.0008759177,0.0004397077,0.0003848476,0.0001358768,0.0003856724,0.00025957,0.000009199568],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003490116,0.0003280025,0.0002571716,0.0006117724,0.0001023436,0.0009991736,0.00003566446,0.001068548,0.00008837242],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001350088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000843827,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005779821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002424285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997198,0.00009002173,0.001695636,0.0003980071,0.0001846294,0.0004336447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966803,0.0003478325,0.002168592,0.0003416188,0.0002442457,0.0002173854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000077435,0.0001281889,0.9683397,0.0000310677,0.00004353304,0.00001777072,0.00124698,0.0002190642,0.00001710957,0.008686309,0.003486313,0.01770654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001297419,0.0002442371,0.924649,0.0001134153,0.0000205811,0.00001300946,0.0001091256,0.0002668506,0.00006299347,0.01883042,0.05422733,0.0001656459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770408,0.005801173,0.01101042,0.0003638038,0.0006609003,0.0002814211,0.0003953364,0.00002630747,0.004419802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877713,0.00709396,0.003679879,0.0002752232,0.0009388703,0.000005503467,0.00001103577,0.00002754594,0.0001967286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05074101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123912743","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-4367.2004.00104.x","title":"Overcompensation as a Partial Solution to Commitment and Renegotiation Problems: The Case of <i>Ex Post</i> Moral Hazard","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Commit; Moral hazard; Principal (computer security); Economic rent; Audit; Indemnity; Incentive; Economics; Actuarial science; Payment; State (computer science); Private information retrieval; Accident (philosophy); Microeconomics; Business; Finance; Accounting; Computer science; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04550165619122248,"gpt":0.3369610224609934,"spread":0.2914593662697709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001707728,0.00007676052,0.0001706499,0.000102417,0.000225349,0.00006681182,0.0001872166,0.00003631489,0.00001406213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006133682,0.00004830108,0.00006826616,0.0003757981,0.00009387847,0.0003704331,0.00002795648,0.0001417769,0.0000198836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006128425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006046187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001347202,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003686037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998583,0.0001975279,0.0006057803,0.0001177215,0.0004037473,0.0000922098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981075,0.0003080808,0.0007859931,0.0002161363,0.0005062469,0.00007607353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001343038,0.0007929034,0.03686083,0.00002959085,0.0001656581,0.00009592551,0.02151922,0.4490228,0.04875311,0.1721621,0.003373036,0.2658818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003199058,0.001414303,0.2846849,0.0001730517,0.000122756,0.0040968,0.004628622,0.001784887,0.02529477,0.6590958,0.01515047,0.0003546534],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600334,0.0001600868,0.03555494,0.003738654,0.0001911864,0.0001960052,0.00002749813,0.000006003,0.00009218128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982621,0.0000900183,0.001317368,0.0002109015,0.00009728313,0.000005765655,6.197824e-7,0.000004168268,0.00001176298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4869337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1969661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2507995014","doi":"10.1111/jori.12135","title":"Semicoherent Multipopulation Mortality Modeling: The Impact on Longevity Risk Securitization","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Longevity risk; Longevity; Econometrics; Life expectancy; Economics; Population; Divergence (linguistics); Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Securitization; Mathematics; Demography; Biology; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02763742864170519,"gpt":0.3355833173516236,"spread":0.3079458887099183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004478901,0.0002530031,0.0003723106,0.000176685,0.0008027667,0.0001270211,0.0005781645,0.0001368359,0.0000559957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001054932,0.0001353529,0.0004893242,0.0004972994,0.0002575423,0.0007242219,0.00003805455,0.0004748038,0.00002297499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004505086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001132838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006516616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00340008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995768,0.001363215,0.0008557222,0.0002768253,0.001308973,0.000427263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967554,0.0003865257,0.001605566,0.0004634322,0.0006184768,0.0001706379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001532936,0.0001916406,0.932836,0.000007032655,0.0001505854,0.00000612744,0.002295167,0.03093058,0.00003260891,0.0009999395,0.0003347087,0.03206232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008099599,0.00009784865,0.9844705,0.000143494,0.00009051957,0.00000218339,0.0004099418,0.003254244,0.00004584126,0.00962723,0.0008380975,0.0002100817],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877124,0.0005418589,0.009099774,0.0003750164,0.0009263384,0.0004963915,0.0001418574,0.000044611,0.0006617855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913622,0.007633751,0.000126349,0.00004904572,0.0007735656,0.00001031172,0.000001978172,0.00002221043,0.00002057443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05163456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9851218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121912560","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01495.x","title":"Financial Bounds for Insurance Claims","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BNP Paribas Cardif","keywords":"Equity (law); Economics; Financial market; Hedge; Context (archaeology); Financial economics; Actuarial science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02220417166937265,"gpt":0.2317539282290464,"spread":0.2095497565596737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002180841,0.0002756532,0.0008278264,0.0003330355,0.0002983889,0.00007946767,0.0005068136,0.0001805462,0.0000482372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007823891,0.0002847008,0.0005205247,0.0004403389,0.0001003746,0.001163823,0.00004526024,0.0004630196,0.0001940257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002041602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005384244,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005991476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001660217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973519,0.00003130947,0.001501523,0.0002606878,0.0001349839,0.0007195505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970008,0.0001534924,0.002112914,0.0003552405,0.0002277456,0.000149775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002919578,0.0002908762,0.8171787,0.00005913117,0.00006358969,0.000005167164,0.0008645671,0.0001324304,0.00001960852,0.1564229,0.00572237,0.01894874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001280237,0.0001571706,0.6660908,0.00004285978,0.00001157659,0.00001509948,0.00003087001,0.00002723778,0.00009450856,0.03791959,0.294055,0.0002749888],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9524872,0.01615558,0.02279599,0.0002146901,0.004832683,0.0003058231,0.0006215898,0.00002301262,0.002563407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888881,0.004292002,0.003962557,0.0003857117,0.002175377,0.0000294587,0.000004226909,0.00004453042,0.0002180449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2883326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2121490524","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01363.x","title":"Do Markets Like Frozen Defined Benefit Pensions? An Event Study","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Pension plan; Financial distress; Pension; Equity (law); Business; Actuarial science; Event study; Finance; Plan (archaeology); Monetary economics; Accounting; Economics; Financial system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01051109145722661,"gpt":0.2462442412799626,"spread":0.235733149822736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001968632,0.0002935604,0.000562635,0.0005284285,0.0003764468,0.0003798991,0.0006223728,0.00009851231,0.0006285448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007202756,0.0002378582,0.0003215354,0.000760663,0.00004735572,0.002024353,0.0001573742,0.0006986377,0.0001614628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003150086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003847554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005795043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001539348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974108,0.00005267551,0.000988971,0.0003329068,0.0008680533,0.0003465706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964471,0.0001164874,0.001628438,0.0005700208,0.001181632,0.00005634511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003461038,0.0006679309,0.9894321,0.00001531438,0.00003904103,0.00007885793,0.0001631853,0.0001409791,0.0004911786,0.0004250885,0.001606459,0.006593748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001226613,0.00007740517,0.9765835,0.00007326111,0.00020584,0.00001248712,0.000196943,0.0006230071,0.00001890199,0.001577374,0.01912388,0.0002807441],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972618,0.0002492297,0.00001963546,0.0001381544,0.001730666,0.0002330443,0.000007899258,0.00003503045,0.0003245526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996891,0.000103306,0.0006801212,0.0003804961,0.001802461,0.000004392758,0.000007324274,0.00004065347,0.0000902565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01751743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9699578,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067862051","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2007.00222.x","title":"<scp>A Test of the Eclectic Paradigm: Evidence From the U.S. Reinsurance Market</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Reinsurance; Internationalization; Business; Industrial organization; Globalization; Empirical research; Test (biology); Economics; Paradigm shift; Marketing; International trade; Actuarial science; Market economy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01972283978847447,"gpt":0.2179743649289901,"spread":0.1982515251405156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004280496,0.0002676675,0.0007002422,0.000150143,0.000334621,0.00008133,0.001443478,0.00013417,0.00003711995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006540819,0.0001852748,0.0004960177,0.000986568,0.0002695291,0.0005750044,0.0001138979,0.0008037412,0.00007272051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001745621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006836765,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008155363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002742676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969817,0.00008994137,0.001822403,0.0003333036,0.0002804595,0.0004922368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918545,0.003379435,0.003629043,0.0008374522,0.000209449,0.00009006543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006679545,0.0001214167,0.9837034,0.00002456303,0.00008272979,0.0000168201,0.001047227,0.0002671382,0.00007856492,0.003889665,0.005280214,0.005421439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005721367,0.0001092346,0.9285523,0.0003435663,0.00002875192,0.00001590235,0.0001244698,0.00008943055,0.0006410437,0.01733056,0.05209,0.0001026587],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9517754,0.03655403,0.003674118,0.0006577072,0.001969562,0.0002893015,0.0002419902,0.00001226671,0.004825653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840842,0.01406264,0.0005536553,0.0003536222,0.0006055362,0.000004710785,4.489294e-7,0.00003147587,0.0003036967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05515118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7830443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1485536751","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2013.12012.x","title":"<scp>S</scp><scp>OLVENCY</scp> A<scp>NALYSIS AND</scp> P<scp>REDICTION IN</scp> P<scp>ROPERTY</scp>–<scp>C</scp><scp>ASUALTY</scp> I<scp>NSURANCE</scp>: I<scp>NCORPORATING</scp> E<scp>CONOMIC AND</scp> M<scp>ARKET</scp> P<scp>REDICTORS</scp>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Insolvency; Solvency; Leverage (statistics); Business; Cash flow; Monetary economics; Economics; Actuarial science; Market liquidity; Finance; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01447419822692725,"gpt":0.2073727521507677,"spread":0.1928985539238404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","bibliometrics","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02361096,0.015343,0.02147447,0.01554171,0.008870472,0.009589294,0.01548309,0.01046329,0.0001389031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1158146,0.01670959,0.01015109,0.01892152,0.006460515,0.01930501,0.005932282,0.02032223,0.007675434],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007030127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004249442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005822236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002698064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9251146,0.004849717,0.02569649,0.01578024,0.008678709,0.01988023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8820573,0.05600755,0.03344912,0.01140388,0.007343449,0.009738669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000861851,0.007373323,0.4313015,0.003625873,0.008829209,0.00249847,0.03681459,0.01354713,0.003554237,0.0053525,0.4798973,0.007119689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01910203,0.004212829,0.2755478,0.003551825,0.003273213,0.001592617,0.04487444,0.01083974,0.004865356,0.0101044,0.6209477,0.001088046],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8188477,0.07618082,0.00479103,0.0003990369,0.01848627,0.01019257,0.008618901,0.00277222,0.05971147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7782136,0.1368477,0.005407011,0.004141049,0.01445396,0.003431514,0.002293108,0.004327576,0.05088443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1557537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967347703","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2006.00177.x","title":"<scp>The Effects of Occupational Injuries After Returns to Work: Work Absences and Losses of On‐the‐Job Productivity</scp>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Earnings; Work (physics); Human capital; Labour economics; Work hours; Demographic economics; Economics; Occupational injury; Capital (architecture); Working hours; Human factors and ergonomics; Medicine; Poison control; Environmental health; Engineering; Finance; Economic growth; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04313553338047972,"gpt":0.342008415256728,"spread":0.2988728818762483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001601984,0.0001108427,0.0002468192,0.00005820291,0.0002338683,0.00005443351,0.0002678516,0.00004633672,0.000007656967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002745438,0.00006453564,0.0001060344,0.0004834124,0.0007805951,0.0001808625,0.00003254618,0.0001806374,0.000001933164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004995857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009827295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004699604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009219123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980834,0.000382407,0.000433192,0.0001396373,0.0007642991,0.0001971109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970295,0.00187771,0.0005683149,0.0001757214,0.0002900937,0.0000586834],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001546692,0.0001400223,0.9864775,0.00004590668,0.00002846772,9.485576e-7,0.00861246,0.00005651396,0.00007045685,0.0008566254,0.002344852,0.001211586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001268505,0.0001607836,0.9904713,0.0002902712,0.00002221733,4.837886e-7,0.0009573364,9.968295e-8,0.001749321,0.003891591,0.002291769,0.00003796933],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960407,0.001283075,0.00001182078,0.001534039,0.0004500111,0.0002948347,0.00001169564,0.000004462935,0.0003693557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988635,0.0003435373,0.0001341147,0.00005561515,0.0004303824,0.00001298755,1.351331e-7,0.000005541604,0.0001541824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007655123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3286744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130704402","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2005.00141.x","title":"<scp>The (1992) Bonus‐Malus System in Tunisia: An Empirical Evaluation</scp>","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Residence; Actuarial science; Variable (mathematics); Underwriting; Affect (linguistics); Accident (philosophy); Economics; Business; Demographic economics; Psychology; Microeconomics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03359094238265757,"gpt":0.2690695975794851,"spread":0.2354786551968275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005267917,0.0002240175,0.0006445716,0.0004015244,0.0002150773,0.000122212,0.0006389118,0.0001449849,0.00001937502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007160408,0.000192745,0.0002403393,0.0006384593,0.00007749637,0.0008117042,0.00004896247,0.0006587121,0.0002778882],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005966835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008257565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002376618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004110499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972125,0.0001600389,0.001604717,0.0003204577,0.0002732555,0.0004290081],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975969,0.0001896037,0.001424241,0.0004697325,0.0002042535,0.0001153218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005890231,0.000375435,0.8949499,0.00004136764,0.00007962596,0.00005267571,0.003612614,0.02212225,0.000005017614,0.03192308,0.004062537,0.04271667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001543771,0.0001470171,0.837103,0.00007738586,0.00002247085,0.00004591568,0.000632997,0.01290819,0.00001888667,0.003846112,0.143535,0.0001192284],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808204,0.009966051,0.001345463,0.0006284651,0.0008906136,0.000315203,0.00007939075,0.00001832536,0.005936093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962574,0.001611764,0.0007761521,0.000312962,0.0008994665,0.00002138561,0.000002707129,0.00002892799,0.00008927267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1394725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7859913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1975296436","doi":"10.1111/j.0022-4367.2004.00077.x","title":"Why Are Managed Care Plans Less Expensive: Risk Selection, Utilization, or Reimbursement?","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Health Economics","funders":"","keywords":"Reimbursement; Actuarial science; Managed care; Medical Expenditure Panel Survey; Business; Selection (genetic algorithm); Sample (material); Health insurance; Health care; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06073178289346449,"gpt":0.285555081579797,"spread":0.2248232986863326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006109149,0.0001897527,0.0004887505,0.0003844581,0.0003331595,0.00007736458,0.0002932766,0.0001045965,0.00006773332],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004872537,0.0001832713,0.0001555435,0.0005003561,0.00004306829,0.0003913958,0.00003386597,0.0004386109,0.00005583212],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004176748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006779882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004449561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005654617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981365,0.00007360074,0.001071002,0.0002766389,0.0001147598,0.0003274888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971339,0.00005866066,0.002073906,0.0002550116,0.0003327211,0.0001458301],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004560309,0.0002946661,0.8907489,0.0003250362,0.0003920211,0.0001221977,0.008237185,0.0233869,0.000003367588,0.04126692,0.01829349,0.01647325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002483599,0.0002641822,0.5839163,0.0002088362,0.00003432499,0.00004249653,0.003970565,0.00005236703,0.0001448167,0.01083335,0.3977117,0.0003375043],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9429698,0.007590967,0.0404603,0.004743687,0.001582593,0.0004055192,0.000688281,0.00005077467,0.001508063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983476,0.01338775,0.001153306,0.001436707,0.0003852034,0.000009736397,0.000005476413,0.00002941256,0.0001163492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3794182,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7473587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144140637","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01300.x","title":"<scp>Adverse Selection and the Opaqueness of Insurers</scp>","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Adverse selection; Underwriting; Business; Selection (genetic algorithm); Asset (computer security); Actuarial science; Computer security","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00921796387754749,"gpt":0.1980949849512832,"spread":0.1888770210737357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0016261,0.0001426174,0.0005650994,0.0002247305,0.0001424431,0.00003134956,0.0002569941,0.00008006793,0.000005431898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005974654,0.000113965,0.000203204,0.0004208938,0.000113282,0.0003910578,0.00002073289,0.0003288835,0.00001465068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005826305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002315984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000145082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002204296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985419,0.0000490165,0.0009401727,0.0001643026,0.00009679732,0.000207805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976696,0.0001634926,0.001786325,0.0001742961,0.0001574626,0.00004884051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003567068,0.000256406,0.6984882,0.00005378972,0.0001646646,0.00001603045,0.003025045,0.002922742,0.00007904944,0.2636628,0.001361029,0.02961347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002452405,0.0001886827,0.9224791,0.00004700609,0.00002058264,0.00002419923,0.000161772,0.0002675068,0.0002097061,0.04538164,0.02870097,0.0000664368],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842196,0.007981424,0.002867781,0.0002299174,0.0004713284,0.000147533,0.00003942774,0.000007533873,0.004035532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871337,0.0118574,0.0005218819,0.0001886109,0.0001967116,0.000002214157,4.604374e-7,0.00001008894,0.0000888733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2239908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4647357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2437026174","doi":"10.1111/jori.12158","title":"Dynamic Longevity Hedging in the Presence of Population Basis Risk: A Feasibility Analysis From Technical and Economic Perspectives","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Actua; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Society of Actuaries","keywords":"Swap (finance); Bespoke; Basis risk; Hedge; Population; Actuarial science; Futures contract; Economics; Longevity risk; Business; Financial economics; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01181941383148277,"gpt":0.302167407118377,"spread":0.2903479932868942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004983821,0.0001368963,0.0004723117,0.0003436777,0.0002469917,0.000059415,0.0005150189,0.00008702914,0.00002587166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001241229,0.00008765497,0.0003234322,0.0007045259,0.0005327265,0.0005894246,0.00005120617,0.000296611,0.000001191168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000386758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005128064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02356837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07881641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968884,0.001356427,0.0007040005,0.0003038681,0.0005174876,0.0002297964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970328,0.001102178,0.001269573,0.0003816011,0.0001487962,0.00006508461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009449184,0.0001057831,0.9842701,0.000005334509,0.0001518756,0.000003671643,0.004820466,0.0004275409,0.00003505222,0.0004652779,0.000008346915,0.009612052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004295867,0.00003394497,0.9893127,0.00005749061,0.0002385095,9.302609e-7,0.003477301,0.0002473688,0.000005985583,0.006051652,0.00003737032,0.0001071672],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957913,0.001604432,0.001394127,0.000519695,0.0001288092,0.0002591427,0.0001438179,0.00001085799,0.0001477778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911301,0.007783488,0.0009934427,0.000007940591,0.00007060443,0.000004482561,6.822509e-7,0.000006116929,0.000003193132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05524804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9829338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120556742","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2005.00124.x","title":"<scp>The Implied Longevity Yield: A Note on Developing an Index for Life Annuities</scp>","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Workplace Safety & Insurance Board; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Life annuity; Deferral; Economics; Actuarial science; Pension; Index (typography); Longevity; Yield (engineering); Longevity risk; Econometrics; Finance; Gerontology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03116195847269139,"gpt":0.3225341775593875,"spread":0.2913722190866961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004453048,0.0002747944,0.0004839838,0.0002761471,0.001247201,0.0002690731,0.001028802,0.0001809933,0.00001064544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00246008,0.0002147774,0.0003681153,0.0006180318,0.0003658822,0.0008572817,0.0000554594,0.0006810895,0.00001767808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003148048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000429132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006653118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005472366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965587,0.0004275789,0.0008732817,0.0003111421,0.00113131,0.0006979943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961499,0.001280925,0.001280159,0.0004073035,0.000607875,0.0002738319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00041476,0.000668088,0.6690036,0.0001138372,0.0004774515,0.00003602291,0.04408905,0.007138467,0.00006107057,0.04134079,0.02229759,0.2143593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000805777,0.0001603529,0.7368472,0.0001127231,0.00005359988,0.00000487733,0.002797837,0.0001194344,0.00009229362,0.0041705,0.2546749,0.0001604637],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842921,0.0008179205,0.007014221,0.002815388,0.001258794,0.0006312243,0.00006895458,0.0000569423,0.003044433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908203,0.001986596,0.0026373,0.002125346,0.002235522,0.00002688646,0.000001291306,0.0000319985,0.000134768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2323773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9592585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125363597","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01489.x","title":"Derivatives Clearing, Default Risk, and Insurance","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Read Jones Christoffersen (Canada); Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Clearing; Default; Business; Margin (machine learning); Actuarial science; Finance; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02002464681671842,"gpt":0.2264614432876983,"spread":0.2064367964709799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001023331,0.0001602699,0.0004627249,0.0002177289,0.0002475454,0.00005622506,0.0001903072,0.0001042362,0.00003632403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000989082,0.000159925,0.0001575154,0.0002901475,0.0001281044,0.0008464762,0.00003852349,0.0004788097,0.00006379887],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000680534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001869939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002451287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003155442,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985701,0.00004193045,0.0008276614,0.0001643059,0.00007714986,0.0003188326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977373,0.000184604,0.001602141,0.0002031585,0.0001023722,0.0001703732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000432544,0.00008124481,0.9682965,0.000008993897,0.0000335999,0.000001601576,0.001417685,0.0001262158,0.00001673479,0.01310777,0.0002967492,0.0165696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005819608,0.00005953481,0.9265496,0.0000314217,0.000008535319,0.00003130727,0.00008159006,0.00006996132,0.00005267945,0.007126827,0.06523225,0.000174352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9679855,0.02335865,0.00648903,0.00008794537,0.0007709045,0.00007270418,0.0001926644,0.00001318818,0.001029372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846329,0.01174658,0.002850972,0.00002285675,0.0006603302,0.000002729125,0.000001040339,0.00002244326,0.00006013649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06493551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.652155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1716309778","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2013.12008.x","title":"Economic Pricing of Mortality‐Linked Securities: A Tâtonnement Approach","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Economics; Supply and demand; Arbitrage; Financial economics; Process (computing); Work (physics); Rational pricing; Business; Actuarial science; Microeconomics; Capital asset pricing model; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01493392678778173,"gpt":0.2777997726276077,"spread":0.262865845839826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002787159,0.0002337591,0.0006464105,0.0003292522,0.0003562978,0.0001334987,0.0007866417,0.0001231671,0.0001990948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000151051,0.0002148787,0.0004404458,0.0003715944,0.0004922573,0.0008606725,0.00007183248,0.0004256241,0.00003115991],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003083193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002085474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009503955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001217009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965247,0.0004560435,0.00134648,0.0002667686,0.0009043415,0.0005016622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968108,0.0001859737,0.001969825,0.0003896673,0.0004510082,0.0001927216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005138197,0.000414929,0.9418976,0.0001748381,0.0005118182,0.00001033521,0.02671692,0.002573107,0.00006398854,0.015191,0.002286209,0.01010792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000957206,0.0001348096,0.9708908,0.0001544607,0.0001074136,0.000004731448,0.01417871,0.0002721584,0.0000692938,0.005057696,0.007866861,0.0003058602],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825903,0.001491221,0.0005829699,0.0001745605,0.0009913937,0.0005756824,0.00003705014,0.0000294071,0.01352737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918926,0.004739572,0.00258527,0.00008640145,0.0005619231,0.00002476458,0.000001581276,0.00002284593,0.0000849971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02899325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1572903122","doi":"10.1111/jori.12061","title":"The Sluggish and Asymmetric Reaction of Life Annuity Prices to Changes in Interest Rates","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Annuity; Economics; Interest rate; Bond; Monetary economics; Life annuity; Econometrics; Financial economics; Actuarial science; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02941314133673814,"gpt":0.2599579519632441,"spread":0.2305448106265059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001539619,0.0001018099,0.0002752668,0.0005373323,0.00007741243,0.0001343685,0.0002075682,0.00003591563,0.000003099499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002918609,0.00006891307,0.00005357715,0.001261237,0.00003926194,0.0008379465,0.0000812236,0.0001712834,0.000007697505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004170904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002510803,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001016649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003729506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989598,0.00003159091,0.0004652344,0.0001082085,0.0002972504,0.0001378782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997946,0.000150777,0.001079239,0.0001223422,0.0006747822,0.00002689499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000227513,0.00004348886,0.9861133,0.00002796256,0.00001032678,0.000003458557,0.0001693988,0.00003623859,0.0002273656,0.0002124094,0.001369209,0.01155929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000407919,0.00004146136,0.9773194,0.0001166552,0.00002967566,0.000001257315,0.0003013928,0.0001966051,0.0001054198,0.0004646835,0.02093704,0.00007850371],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997014,0.001745076,0.00001110398,0.0006035882,0.0003351457,0.00008771577,0.00000247057,0.000005479198,0.0001953678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998423,0.0007577015,0.0001226488,0.0001753237,0.0004943268,0.00000174161,8.247438e-7,0.000007949517,0.00001650743],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01956783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3494059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1604469160","doi":"10.1111/jori.12024","title":"Insurance Premium Calculation Using Credibility Analysis: An Example From Livestock Mortality Insurance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Agricultural risk and resilience","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Livestock; Credibility; Credibility theory; Actuarial science; Business; Economics; Geography; Forestry; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03927375185996032,"gpt":0.2654590268411457,"spread":0.2261852749811854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001276905,0.0003185723,0.0007490833,0.00004410888,0.0004500759,0.0001274509,0.0006900079,0.0002240779,0.00004263228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002845806,0.0001239636,0.0004556098,0.001269713,0.0001758892,0.00110141,0.00005754844,0.0005629651,0.000006780662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001036619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002626564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01600293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005413474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964389,0.0006901577,0.001044606,0.0005589367,0.0008664968,0.0004009448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967127,0.0005027497,0.001557146,0.000252146,0.0006626368,0.0003125825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001230772,0.0001719296,0.9337531,0.000004937569,0.000122739,0.000003820565,0.0003720108,0.01609687,0.03818481,0.00001628178,0.00001756289,0.01113285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000336145,0.0002258169,0.9919687,0.00005722471,0.0001741118,0.00001106752,0.0001915735,0.004584174,0.001203716,0.0005377281,0.000396552,0.0003131751],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972659,0.00083782,0.001100331,0.00004211426,0.0003198904,0.0001776505,0.0001826251,0.00004364671,0.00003006844],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997274,0.0004279401,0.001239969,0.00006445635,0.00093676,0.000003026175,0.00004148547,0.000002373446,0.00001003118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05821561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9905496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1943084353","doi":"10.1111/jori.12037","title":"A Portfolio Optimization Approach Using Combinatorics With a Genetic Algorithm for Developing a Reinsurance Model","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Reinsurance; Portfolio; Actuarial science; Portfolio optimization; Crop insurance; Pooling; Genetic algorithm; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Economics; Econometrics; Mathematics; Financial economics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02357784547049628,"gpt":0.214431782331697,"spread":0.1908539368612007,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001287801,0.0002486927,0.00070784,0.0003381995,0.0002446751,0.00008827914,0.0003457761,0.0001142775,0.000001992845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000193221,0.0002440857,0.0001856515,0.0005378605,0.0000591563,0.0004667278,0.00002997346,0.0002592354,0.000002486279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002398413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008846865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004906099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001745854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979895,0.00003338599,0.001114824,0.0003414376,0.0001390518,0.0003817823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970813,0.00006576673,0.002110711,0.0002824306,0.0003820656,0.00007766769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001008778,0.0001223589,0.03074581,0.00006977835,0.00007954872,0.000004735958,0.0002691199,0.9208533,0.00000213851,0.03216584,0.00005189109,0.01553468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001978533,0.0001760678,0.01621836,0.00009548127,0.00002852069,0.00004018066,0.00002919997,0.9615867,0.00001929357,0.01830024,0.001166828,0.0003606135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1296297,0.001445554,0.8675318,0.00002771106,0.0003308958,0.0002952672,0.00007781092,0.00001536141,0.0006458811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4923511,0.001099247,0.5062621,0.00007339095,0.0001380829,0.00001385052,0.000002604773,0.00003436552,0.00002522427],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3627214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9953527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387129780","doi":"10.1111/jori.12449","title":"Mitigating wildfire losses via insurance‐linked securities: Modeling and risk management perspectives","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Yunnan University; Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Luật, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Yunnan University of Finance and Economics; Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","keywords":"Reinsurance; Bond; Hedge; Risk management; Liability; Scope (computer science); Actuarial science; Model risk; Computer science; Business; Risk analysis (engineering); Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Finance; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01566629976410396,"gpt":0.222055684927044,"spread":0.2063893851629401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001680113,0.0003207907,0.000775581,0.0006459903,0.0004952096,0.0001594929,0.0004019656,0.000123406,0.00001786673],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003278946,0.0003424642,0.0002954329,0.0008106334,0.0001454673,0.0008138183,0.000123438,0.0006364054,0.0001071022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001624398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000183588,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004692083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004455888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973353,0.00006292027,0.00139301,0.0004840675,0.0001944866,0.0005301916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976169,0.000156232,0.001620897,0.0003424926,0.0001376232,0.0001258218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001694222,0.0001462517,0.8996825,0.0002155572,0.0004675074,0.0001498987,0.01223045,0.014396,0.000006878161,0.02389646,0.0003619938,0.04827706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001767939,0.0001760701,0.8828873,0.0004779644,0.0000511385,0.00002944103,0.006665741,0.02268021,0.00001095557,0.0804891,0.004156255,0.0006078793],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9663768,0.02365478,0.006422569,0.0001420543,0.0007484786,0.0002497582,0.0003013749,0.00006897648,0.002035154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8518677,0.1455093,0.002044145,0.00005131638,0.0003634106,0.00001616752,0.000002700859,0.00004477214,0.0001004808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1218545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024580490","doi":"10.1111/jori.12312","title":"Simultaneous borrowing of information across space and time for pricing insurance contracts: An application to rating crop insurance policies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Agricultural risk and resilience","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Crop insurance; Space (punctuation); Econometrics; Actuarial science; Relevance (law); Variety (cybernetics); Property insurance; Economics; Insurance policy; Computer science; Agriculture; Statistics; General insurance; Mathematics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007000889315120937,"gpt":0.2401111123960238,"spread":0.2331102230809028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004312919,0.0001775533,0.0003908863,0.00001620564,0.0003296105,0.0001072668,0.000315381,0.00009022484,0.00000150373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001266006,0.00007482059,0.00009630738,0.0004845861,0.0000747139,0.001153908,0.0000440049,0.0002144167,0.000003932009],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003168241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001419036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001910698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005395011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984514,0.00007122273,0.0007029177,0.0001761106,0.0003169543,0.0002814546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975058,0.000554386,0.001084555,0.00005211773,0.0005902321,0.0002129352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005297016,0.00005251681,0.1414111,0.0000537298,0.0000171222,0.00000208496,0.006895128,0.02203456,0.5839247,0.00005674064,0.00004035552,0.2449824],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005371185,0.000927604,0.9709225,0.0001527216,0.00001163562,0.00003296662,0.002042253,0.003179413,0.01762554,0.00008407998,0.004224717,0.000259477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961293,0.0005068826,0.001521638,0.001062931,0.00005910561,0.0004041829,0.0002763271,0.00002469117,0.00001490744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970312,0.0003769619,0.001949618,0.0003272043,0.0002936004,0.000007258393,0.00000787442,0.000001801705,0.000004487768],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8295114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3051095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3172456216","doi":"10.1111/jori.12345","title":"High‐water mark fee structure in variable annuities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Annuity; Variable (mathematics); Actuarial science; Economics; Welfare; Econometrics; Life annuity; Variables; Finance; Pension; Statistics; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02288775600644714,"gpt":0.2076097620520655,"spread":0.1847220060456184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000533609,0.0001367779,0.000551556,0.0002145767,0.00006606316,0.00009194767,0.0002046444,0.0001173621,0.0009228357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001682922,0.0001310528,0.0001174183,0.0001729566,0.00003517644,0.0004263663,0.00005195886,0.0003809001,0.00008675057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001758292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002954331,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003813828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003160297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998544,0.00002720038,0.0009001559,0.0001851825,0.00003327935,0.0003102016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989838,0.00007857513,0.0005798087,0.0002134984,0.00007537603,0.00006894555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000195366,0.0001808654,0.8902254,0.0001318167,0.0001646209,0.0001535244,0.004599834,0.006048673,0.000576623,0.09350709,0.002789794,0.001426448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002445718,0.00008246335,0.5295134,0.0001257077,0.00001356854,0.0002506754,0.0005831351,0.0002226714,0.003921253,0.2958708,0.1664585,0.0005120573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909071,0.00401595,0.0001162998,0.0007255801,0.001255676,0.0000345514,0.001174313,0.000005127818,0.001765409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923739,0.004509952,0.002034249,0.0003690704,0.000458695,0.000001341223,0.00001241253,0.00002034203,0.0002200372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3607119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2062464856","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2010.01367.x","title":"On the Economics of Postassessments in Insurance Guaranty Funds: A Stakeholders’ Perspective","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Desjardins; SNC-Lavalin (Canada); Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Surety; Payment; Business; Actuarial science; Government (linguistics); Value (mathematics); Economics; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03659250504572613,"gpt":0.2421206501495566,"spread":0.2055281451038305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001925013,0.000237826,0.000723008,0.0004371367,0.0001211972,0.00005812099,0.0006753969,0.000127542,0.00007764404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006987703,0.0002031355,0.000297196,0.0004648204,0.0001711596,0.0004718726,0.00004672614,0.001057503,0.0000490385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002212555,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007677657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006478854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00051648,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977745,0.00005316675,0.001398429,0.0003093512,0.000114029,0.0003505712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996555,0.0003182082,0.0023491,0.0004986717,0.0002171668,0.00006181051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003202101,0.000369192,0.4968934,0.00001788927,0.00008731183,0.00001613216,0.00186146,0.001035211,0.00006402763,0.4962641,0.0002219546,0.0028491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001470918,0.0002619123,0.8682464,0.00007488483,0.000006348674,0.000008638178,0.0007722933,0.0001344946,0.0001617011,0.1252278,0.003411517,0.0002231123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890625,0.001149543,0.000304157,0.0006229958,0.001308692,0.0002608352,0.0004800691,0.000006095574,0.006805089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956089,0.003546376,0.0003687934,0.0002531543,0.0001509155,0.000009253759,9.916517e-7,0.00002753243,0.00003411464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.371353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8283623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115239660","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2007.00221.x","title":"<scp>Resistance (to Fraud) Is Futile</scp>","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Pooling; Principal (computer security); Business; State (computer science); Investment (military); Resistance (ecology); Economics; Actuarial science; Law; Computer science; Computer security; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01377025186519759,"gpt":0.2899760680612903,"spread":0.2762058161960927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002242428,0.0001778587,0.0003788109,0.0001431325,0.000515181,0.0001070709,0.0005915452,0.0001365538,0.00005263019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002040212,0.0001669502,0.0002304535,0.0006383498,0.0002186824,0.0005945865,0.00002960934,0.0005286487,0.00006914138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003065158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002359437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001351196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007360863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973328,0.0001260727,0.0005852102,0.0002116681,0.001147725,0.0005965859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996986,0.00101228,0.0009729725,0.0002353167,0.0004350716,0.0003583922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002904166,0.00041759,0.4468614,0.00004908214,0.0001470691,0.0001926793,0.1567551,0.00008465111,0.001293368,0.009034247,0.3285955,0.05627884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002669234,0.00004097017,0.3590863,0.00008158651,0.00001211174,0.000005108034,0.004106166,5.731226e-7,0.001424757,0.001327193,0.6335799,0.00006844353],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9564783,0.004343076,0.002216381,0.00067077,0.00151274,0.0001179988,0.0000732014,0.00002785955,0.03455969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878517,0.003163566,0.001253731,0.0006905711,0.001724271,0.000001363005,1.706271e-7,0.00002031516,0.005294255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3049843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6808032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913933910","doi":"10.1111/jori.12276","title":"Correlated Trading by Life Insurers and Its Impact on Bond Prices","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bond; Quarter (Canadian coin); Business; Monetary economics; Life insurance; Value (mathematics); Financial economics; Economics; Finance; Actuarial science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01017277467346075,"gpt":0.2179390381219581,"spread":0.2077662634484973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008816127,0.0002242423,0.0006593221,0.0003052482,0.0001071341,0.00008624089,0.0002581383,0.0001233098,0.00008825919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002385444,0.000200653,0.0002115027,0.0003422642,0.0000290968,0.0005804523,0.00002412766,0.0005133994,0.0002319556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001393314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002924153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008203238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002310993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984005,0.0000167065,0.0008861793,0.0002676774,0.0001133762,0.0003155385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979091,0.0001198515,0.001560612,0.0001854212,0.00007399321,0.0001510513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004973997,0.0001961477,0.9702208,0.00005276185,0.0002279411,0.00001775779,0.0009334969,0.0009543113,0.0001171452,0.01542486,0.006664375,0.004692999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001953494,0.0006377244,0.9696772,0.0001147757,0.0000149175,0.00001409521,0.00008253106,0.001299102,0.0001075091,0.002483051,0.02328634,0.0003293363],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765962,0.0174311,0.0001690926,0.0001447958,0.0009571309,0.0001872956,0.0002288673,0.00001238575,0.004273117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905067,0.008902795,0.00009749258,0.0002274534,0.0001218304,0.000002074527,0.000002215937,0.00002717227,0.0001122797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01662197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8182392,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124441125","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01437.x","title":"<scp>The Cost of Duplicative Regulation: Evidence From Risk Retention Groups</scp>","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Liability; State (computer science); Actuarial science; Industrial organization; Accounting","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0492808004503455,"gpt":0.2233908854653209,"spread":0.1741100850149754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001969065,0.0001844877,0.0005599608,0.0001917932,0.0001995268,0.00003744729,0.0006212051,0.0001116164,0.00006133468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001495341,0.0001577815,0.0003306519,0.0004922917,0.0001699954,0.0007731456,0.00006247855,0.0004617721,0.0001418522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001143689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002554915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00120245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000802248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977992,0.00009710652,0.001415654,0.0002864853,0.0001549626,0.0002466624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939255,0.0004421178,0.004719465,0.0005279586,0.0003174139,0.00006752244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001160867,0.0001287284,0.9579268,0.00001948988,0.0001498577,0.000006284348,0.004478476,0.0003839379,0.00004876577,0.0229233,0.001500537,0.01231771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005087199,0.000142942,0.9135307,0.000154,0.00004111838,0.000003808799,0.0002214552,0.000285792,0.0005151326,0.07540084,0.009116578,0.00007888962],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9501405,0.01078077,0.03499822,0.00008920028,0.0008542874,0.0002864683,0.0003206554,0.00001083964,0.002519021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9785223,0.01879358,0.00217315,0.00004733501,0.0003118546,0.00001398711,0.000002653404,0.00002019596,0.0001149298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05247754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6434142,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2158607454","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01509.x","title":"Valuation and Hedging of the Ruin‐Contingent Life Annuity (RCLA)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Life annuity; Actuarial science; Life insurance; Economics; Annuity; Valuation (finance); Liberian dollar; Stochastic game; Arbitrage; Treasury; Financial economics; Finance; Microeconomics; Pension","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01484532389429075,"gpt":0.2669581580249528,"spread":0.252112834130662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002832835,0.0001248349,0.0002978113,0.000120916,0.000461282,0.0001251905,0.0004373987,0.00007122353,0.00005211972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001039752,0.00009048515,0.0002083385,0.0004386641,0.0003805519,0.0006635452,0.0000689222,0.0003137121,0.000007546564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007255083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001146874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003836415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007505036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973953,0.0005840614,0.0006558614,0.0001469486,0.0009472924,0.000270478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997317,0.000189024,0.001378782,0.0002294745,0.0007552811,0.0001304768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001027306,0.0000622628,0.9607271,0.0000235844,0.00006696363,8.1735e-7,0.005164458,0.0001663319,0.000138108,0.001056726,0.0009333413,0.03165001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003669772,0.00003083484,0.9871488,0.0000946211,0.00004734544,0.000001482554,0.002153088,0.00009990505,0.00008121558,0.007179776,0.002694768,0.000101142],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932715,0.001884799,0.0002757658,0.001502859,0.0008661586,0.0004343035,0.000007772686,0.0000122818,0.001744527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964382,0.002469303,0.0005307503,0.0001856002,0.000312771,0.000008270518,1.582687e-7,0.000009468379,0.00004548662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03154887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5799538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147519812","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6975.2008.00261.x","title":"<scp>Dynamic Prevention in Short‐Term Insurance Contracts</scp>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Business; Actuarial science; Insurance policy; Audit; Term (time); Time horizon; Economics; Finance; Accounting","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01912660085437143,"gpt":0.2307333242516926,"spread":0.2116067233973211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00130181,0.0002912441,0.0009244659,0.0005677696,0.0001870218,0.00005290503,0.0005188536,0.0001808568,0.00001864078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006406538,0.0003177556,0.0003769639,0.0006448751,0.0001226613,0.001019201,0.00004697979,0.0007521356,0.0001574962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002914213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006314542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001095899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001849275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969625,0.00006417274,0.001882929,0.0003786476,0.0001795018,0.00053219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978976,0.000169274,0.001281256,0.0003757961,0.0001570796,0.0001189969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007607892,0.0003718955,0.9827195,0.00003029857,0.00006010525,0.0002149807,0.001116218,0.001059825,0.00005898311,0.002709165,0.0003910614,0.01119189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001665628,0.0002373361,0.9704484,0.0001370335,0.000007594918,0.00009148198,0.0000660114,0.0002064145,0.00007395299,0.007211113,0.01969668,0.0001583921],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9788346,0.01224978,0.003439537,0.00005665267,0.001215518,0.000277408,0.0001486861,0.00002127097,0.003756487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9685279,0.02995784,0.0007649693,0.0000987196,0.0002271515,0.00001458073,0.000004563541,0.0000389814,0.000365352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01930562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387059615","doi":"10.1111/jori.12451","title":"Equilibrium reporting strategy: Two rate classes and full insurance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Actuarial science; Economics; Declaration; Moral hazard; Exponential utility; Mathematical economics; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Computer science; Incentive","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04099680177989242,"gpt":0.2685586803809996,"spread":0.2275618786011071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003798817,0.0002637477,0.0008727457,0.0004667402,0.0001718237,0.000179477,0.0003416797,0.0001022561,0.0000252913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001391004,0.0002700916,0.000249591,0.0009159415,0.0001143052,0.0008902811,0.00009109881,0.0005343217,0.0002069678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008769734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005273657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001691129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000563991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961751,0.00005872279,0.002709521,0.0004046549,0.0001307243,0.000521303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931527,0.0001785973,0.005993017,0.0003523076,0.0001917622,0.0001315932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001915867,0.0000702438,0.9585209,0.00009816777,0.0001063695,0.0002924149,0.0005055769,0.003438863,0.0005343434,0.01589959,0.001726999,0.01861494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001169699,0.0001801893,0.9469386,0.0001090151,0.00001073499,0.00005949296,0.0001472644,0.0006093012,0.0001031119,0.03092445,0.01942921,0.0003189513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884512,0.006186936,0.0005597572,0.0003800986,0.001111726,0.000157419,0.0001389665,0.00005943201,0.002954418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873012,0.01131198,0.0004442006,0.000143547,0.0004840354,0.000007838921,0.00000361187,0.00004146255,0.0002621657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01829599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3184681755","doi":"10.1111/jori.12358","title":"Robust estimates of insurance misrepresentation through kernel quantile regression mixtures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Risk & Insurance","topic":"Statistical Methods and Inference","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Misrepresentation; Outlier; Quantile regression; Econometrics; Nonparametric statistics; Computer science; Kernel regression; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09568020700499978,"gpt":0.388282821036003,"spread":0.2926026140310032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006056377,0.0001758435,0.0006018476,0.00005176424,0.00008653165,0.00003609973,0.0002331284,0.0001001478,0.0001131157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01129482,0.000128036,0.0001789827,0.0003007858,0.0001237025,0.0002642347,0.00004371657,0.0003899246,0.000003574351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003001373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009806614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005245141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008113465,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978369,0.0003169137,0.000944718,0.000187274,0.0005216972,0.0001924591],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9941632,0.003106401,0.001438839,0.0003053474,0.0009120621,0.0000741819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001003244,0.001504952,0.7061846,0.001315713,0.0004025866,0.0004667964,0.005123237,0.002085105,0.09024834,0.09077961,0.008988817,0.09189703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001123225,0.000154803,0.3501745,0.001378715,0.00008553428,0.0001960462,0.0003690676,0.0009578058,0.1666405,0.4784724,0.0002244746,0.0002228312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7633707,0.002730598,0.2327658,0.0001019386,0.0004231397,0.00006149626,0.0001004618,0.00001197257,0.0004338829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5750266,0.001131396,0.4237072,0.00002092055,0.00008128284,0.00000132676,0.000001080572,0.00001282853,0.00001735485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3876928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}