{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"8cbc13e96f72","filters":{"venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research"}},"results":[{"id":"W2919802434","doi":"","title":"Design, Analysis, and Electrification of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research","topic":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Electrification; Automotive engineering; Renewable energy; Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent; Solar energy; Internal combustion engine; Battery (electricity); Battery electric vehicle; Electric vehicle; Electric motor; Engineering; Electricity; Green vehicle; Electrical engineering; Power (physics); Fuel efficiency","authors":[{"name":"Fazel Mohammadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03312539910057172,"gpt":0.2947461439042762,"spread":0.2616207448037045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001759223,0.0001068269,0.0003226002,0.001595067,0.0001113208,0.0000450588,0.00034113,0.0001314779,0.00001526802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000212077,0.00009401546,0.00008703469,0.003064731,0.0001300432,0.0001786361,0.00002458767,0.0005237616,0.000002996348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009351061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001066387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004853216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001963739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983565,0.000159758,0.0004250357,0.0001294401,0.0005208805,0.0004083726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998577,0.0002323873,0.0001241288,0.0002244454,0.0007539244,0.00008811687],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001354008,0.00006457332,0.003215567,0.00002229456,0.0007016232,0.00001563965,0.00007321187,0.0003486523,0.9170586,0.0007533165,0.0008720169,0.07673904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003258673,0.0009862877,0.006931485,0.00001668541,0.0001001571,0.00003975466,0.0000322861,0.05842927,0.93019,0.002306207,0.0005322953,0.000109729],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8181313,0.009564725,0.171641,0.0001337179,0.00003750375,0.00007133727,8.028646e-7,0.0000719876,0.0003476478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932011,0.005064996,0.001540021,0.000006034061,0.0001009415,0.000003329105,7.058331e-7,0.00001932615,0.0000635854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1750698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3833839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970598061","doi":"10.22059/jser.2019.283926.1120","title":"Design and Analysis of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System for Footbridge Lighting","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research","topic":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Charge controller; Renewable energy; Automotive engineering; Grid-connected photovoltaic power system; Engineering; Solar energy; Electrical engineering; Inverter; Battery (electricity); Maximum power point tracking; Power (physics); Voltage","authors":[{"name":"Cyrus Mehdipour","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fazel Mohammadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05007592290001682,"gpt":0.3250019367021114,"spread":0.2749260138020945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006134072,0.0001679553,0.0009076074,0.002063981,0.0001276492,0.00008691002,0.0004068096,0.0001795791,0.00003717189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003264647,0.0001405561,0.0002781528,0.001739985,0.0000748602,0.0002618515,0.0001032896,0.0002575679,0.000001579677],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002760566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002690761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006680496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002967156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965372,0.0007037082,0.001033352,0.0002602887,0.001041518,0.0004239489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995435,0.001205787,0.0007014514,0.0003792918,0.002102755,0.0001757168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001375942,0.0001726003,0.004452022,0.0007099006,0.003755684,0.00004271464,0.0007121438,0.0512373,0.9278008,0.005934384,0.001156133,0.002650412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001467623,0.001037707,0.0002950321,0.0005106251,0.0003889186,0.00007383861,0.0008111797,0.1903065,0.7991324,0.0002478401,0.005518707,0.0002096542],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3268475,0.003481164,0.6663661,0.00005134897,0.0002232189,0.0007389289,0.0000260685,0.00008238364,0.002183287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782233,0.0002947589,0.02071886,0.000009196894,0.00007968898,0.00003673458,0.000005872561,0.00004557466,0.0005859915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6513758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5731712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2944232200","doi":"10.22059/jser.2019.70906","title":"Lithium-ion Battery Market Analysis for Hybrid, Plug-in and Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Battery electric vehicle; Automotive engineering; Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent; Electric vehicle; Automotive battery; Environmental economics; Engineering; Green vehicle; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Fuel efficiency; Power (physics); Economics","authors":[{"name":"Fazel Mohammadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0208508220481257,"gpt":0.2923981485575586,"spread":0.2715473265094329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00254485,0.0001841945,0.0005228456,0.003004857,0.00008408378,0.0001196771,0.0005846665,0.0001729793,0.00009895687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004000294,0.0001672783,0.0001768617,0.001888081,0.00007848684,0.0004416053,0.0001741144,0.001142342,0.000006806041],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003277139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008471485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002171859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003007856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973105,0.0001973476,0.0005472119,0.0002736003,0.0008230268,0.0008483425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980572,0.0009133454,0.00008872695,0.0003868884,0.0004060283,0.0001477772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002546956,0.0004016408,0.1876592,0.0008721306,0.003159822,0.0008694366,0.0002207493,0.0698517,0.5306558,0.0004206901,0.01689721,0.1864446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004584534,0.001968533,0.07424458,0.0003250017,0.0001154382,0.0003571181,0.0006402754,0.4052714,0.4625468,0.008719625,0.04025763,0.0009690316],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763018,0.003041632,0.0191618,0.0004273756,0.0001127224,0.0002000868,0.00001003051,0.00005522727,0.0006892671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943749,0.003420171,0.001224987,0.00001920575,0.00009798657,0.00002204072,0.000003985777,0.00005134985,0.0007853702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3354197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6821412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2773170599","doi":"","title":"Economic Analysis and Simulation of Solar PV, Wind Turbine Hybrid Energy System Using HOMER pro","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hybrid system; Renewable energy; Photovoltaic system; Turbine; Sizing; Automotive engineering; Wind power; Hybrid power; Engineering; Environmental science; Computer science; Power (physics); Electrical engineering; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Elahe Bazdar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Navid Shirzadi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05448931642060121,"gpt":0.3402891675495199,"spread":0.2857998511289187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003859781,0.0003494283,0.001302821,0.002027265,0.000784058,0.0004456632,0.001039637,0.0002293037,0.00007380835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003464392,0.0003050388,0.0004848415,0.0004568787,0.0003727227,0.0009930615,0.000386953,0.0004612332,0.00000443348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006860957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005240471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02837296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002104956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949481,0.0009664751,0.001535573,0.0004995224,0.001295742,0.0007545443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950073,0.0004067233,0.001791167,0.00117195,0.001185509,0.0004373688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002514822,0.00007825395,0.00783394,0.0001194255,0.002096378,0.0002179706,0.0000744077,0.9644934,0.01768321,0.001590591,0.00007237717,0.005488572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00189419,0.0003486084,0.002515531,0.0004243398,0.0005884593,0.0003630646,0.0003218785,0.868295,0.1098794,0.0003046663,0.01460683,0.0004580121],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819785,0.001571566,0.01319106,0.00008937948,0.0005978092,0.00007688596,0.0000209416,0.00002141842,0.002452385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967505,0.0003002564,0.0004404561,0.000008176286,0.001253169,0.000003859142,0.00001177112,0.00008491618,0.00114686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09619839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737814078","doi":"","title":"Proposition of Housing Construction with Solar Envelope Method in Renewal Area After Disaster","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Solar Energy Research","topic":"Architectural and Urban Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Envelope (radar); Architectural engineering; Natural disaster; Building envelope; Geography; Meteorology; Engineering; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Fatih Canan","is_ca":false},{"name":"G. Özer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fatma Kürüm Varolgüneş","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05349389863513113,"gpt":0.2921912637526513,"spread":0.2386973651175202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007620148,0.00009619303,0.000237076,0.0003560797,0.0001570379,0.00004583912,0.0001047724,0.00003432898,0.0002200135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000355284,0.00004629345,0.00006359231,0.00008167417,0.0004747848,0.0002955566,0.00006885147,0.0002092451,0.000001600008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006733005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008112016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002029594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001846737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985363,0.0002719242,0.0003396753,0.0001141897,0.0004963158,0.0002415536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990148,0.0001596653,0.0001582434,0.00008764034,0.0005269251,0.00005275087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01647961,0.0008147029,0.09073915,0.0004371415,0.001235258,0.0006672339,0.1020859,0.0001483809,0.08002037,0.05766616,0.00231622,0.6473899],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0205371,0.01993527,0.05424789,0.01713889,0.0005123491,0.002659861,0.08857692,0.0003350933,0.3021829,0.1855463,0.3052235,0.003103959],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842992,0.0004632949,0.007340167,0.001798609,0.0001603976,0.00008193942,0.00001131553,0.000007061753,0.005838044],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957576,0.0001317417,0.002652669,0.00001654328,0.0003514721,0.000005264782,4.88314e-7,0.00001222656,0.001072039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6442859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2408993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}