{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"01579b3e1579","filters":{"venue":"Justice System Journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W2286247134","doi":"10.1080/0098261x.2009.10767937","title":"Judge Gender and the Voting Behavior of Justices on Two North American Supreme Courts","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Supreme court; Economic Justice; Political science; Diversification (marketing strategy); Politics; Law; Business","authors":[{"name":"Susan W. Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald R. Songer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03763796565981158,"gpt":0.32137834353543,"spread":0.2837403778756184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001604137,0.0001199307,0.0002550606,0.0008788204,0.001875611,0.0009631641,0.0003013116,0.0004618647,0.004093321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008358458,0.0001270759,0.0001640065,0.0006911475,0.0007486798,0.0004038238,0.0004504235,0.0006630749,0.0004140214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002045759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001019596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1473346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4783494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991735,0.0002399733,0.00003052486,0.0001132466,0.0002191927,0.0002236475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954745,0.001315795,0.0009993349,0.0001269291,0.001052733,0.001030736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003260696,0.0001843244,0.9706566,0.00001220632,0.00004254653,0.0002839154,0.01286536,0.000126069,0.001092461,0.001180334,0.001860592,0.01136948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007891067,0.00005670564,0.9883503,0.00000940677,0.00001007303,0.00006696331,0.009365908,0.0002337035,0.0001701812,0.0002413662,0.001477772,0.000009686843],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967985,0.00004507466,0.00002281327,0.0001540819,0.000006317798,0.000003387364,0.0000432186,8.067023e-7,0.002925875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983128,0.00004376392,0.00003392295,0.00003921409,0.000006308808,0.000002213191,0.00005163785,0.000001415241,0.001508655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1473346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.292954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080696380","doi":"10.1080/0098261x.2014.989791","title":"High Court Recruitment of Female Clerks: A Comparative Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Economic Justice; Ideology; Law; Political science; Sociology; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Erin B. Kaheny","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Szmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael A. Hansen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine Felix Scheurer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09533321071398417,"gpt":0.321723250969184,"spread":0.2263900402551998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002454258,0.0002226207,0.0007009529,0.005753352,0.009477165,0.00370442,0.001351608,0.0007908843,0.004387924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01131375,0.0002965681,0.0002888531,0.00764481,0.002340539,0.0008606763,0.002218646,0.001097233,0.0003999668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03920968,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05193053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9775411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9958449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994722,0.0004768962,0.0001126027,0.0004491251,0.00170767,0.0025316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990904,0.001412185,0.001717813,0.0001845917,0.002833234,0.002948195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000262168,0.0001264238,0.8674689,0.0001170249,0.0001022132,0.001282722,0.08150107,0.0001733162,0.001076484,0.006271683,0.008047007,0.03357106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006054133,0.00002731667,0.9291589,0.00007067446,0.00001770232,0.0001057295,0.06178704,0.0001161407,0.000123162,0.0001218035,0.008446309,0.00001924416],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861921,0.0008969507,0.00009517557,0.001136646,0.00002881143,0.00004021951,0.0005210523,0.000003808446,0.01108526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951667,0.0006008683,0.00007638309,0.0005024251,0.00001718558,0.00001381264,0.0003732029,0.000008517351,0.003240961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03920968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2844875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343762009","doi":"","title":"New Judicial Thinking on Sovereignty and Federalism: American and Canadian Comparisons","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Federalism; Supreme court; Sovereignty; Dual federalism; Law; Political science; New Federalism; Jurisprudence; Cooperative federalism; Supreme Court Decisions; Politics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Gerald Baier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03289968050229043,"gpt":0.2846792273466955,"spread":0.2517795468444051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006666117,0.0004545882,0.0007359472,0.009640642,0.02247488,0.01343651,0.002216302,0.003287774,0.007560854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01544972,0.0002859685,0.0006133985,0.01579967,0.01890514,0.006297679,0.003083806,0.006177862,0.0002828492],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1768021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1100768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9809337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9871104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9886922,0.001369582,0.0002409572,0.0007464971,0.006821581,0.002129292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.989715,0.002537902,0.0004319905,0.0003233216,0.005975627,0.001016121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002614351,0.000007959614,0.001141467,0.00005035172,0.000007867166,0.00005808151,0.006525829,0.000173615,0.00006084104,0.9662457,0.01149357,0.0142087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006046014,0.00003492284,0.02572926,0.001460674,0.0001171034,0.0002942494,0.02713676,0.0009974713,0.0003008264,0.2322745,0.7114395,0.0001542407],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04208148,0.05322043,0.001604485,0.09514184,0.0006684935,0.00002370761,0.0003134601,0.00003600518,0.80691],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8971229,0.0636749,0.002260171,0.0134136,0.0005731363,0.00003634977,0.0003239189,0.00005382713,0.02254119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1768021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9547929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2274155596","doi":"","title":"Review of Sauvageau, Schneiderman, and Taras, The Last Word: Media Coverage of the Supreme Court of Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Psychology; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Troy Riddell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01541827978610614,"gpt":0.245509834024023,"spread":0.2300915542379169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005127432,0.0008998149,0.001906317,0.02242547,0.003607205,0.006537898,0.002614781,0.002733616,0.009867175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02832043,0.000515342,0.0006179196,0.02976774,0.003411195,0.002539273,0.001795914,0.002936061,0.001699907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02974488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0822659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.826468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9138437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958175,0.0005243393,0.000317825,0.0003048811,0.00263693,0.0003985458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9603828,0.01306269,0.00184177,0.0005451991,0.0229353,0.001232224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005205701,0.00001954038,0.001294102,0.01019605,0.0001712176,0.00009483926,0.0009846292,0.0001360986,0.0001294345,0.01118168,0.8333314,0.1424089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008603498,0.000007058751,0.006049745,0.01684362,0.0001899071,0.00006082706,0.0007165939,0.00002866474,0.00008629452,0.0008211246,0.9751633,0.00002433852],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004161912,0.9506425,0.00008776212,0.03497714,0.003347879,0.0000147465,0.001300502,0.00001066565,0.009202595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01101236,0.9598657,0.0002360009,0.01900624,0.004922187,0.00002935504,0.0007394407,0.00002641315,0.004162291],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.173532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3491079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2284045438","doi":"10.1080/0098261x.2009.10767931","title":"Review of Songer, The Transformation of the Supreme Court of Canada: An Empirical Examination","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Empirical examination; Political science; Law; Transformation (genetics); Economics; Actuarial science","authors":[{"name":"Lori Hausegger","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04209413976392959,"gpt":0.3052237155141118,"spread":0.2631295757501823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008055082,0.0005310696,0.00142794,0.01245078,0.005940785,0.006631428,0.003021023,0.00400108,0.005380149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04430353,0.0004521594,0.0005784247,0.02204649,0.005006518,0.002767522,0.001424275,0.002797897,0.0007017135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05561277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.157327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9150687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9666336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994765,0.0007561023,0.000373226,0.0004372255,0.003076746,0.0005917221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9576884,0.01539573,0.001714725,0.0005704442,0.02341733,0.001213325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008229291,0.00003305093,0.003514933,0.008743948,0.0002274808,0.0001587021,0.002389538,0.0002851384,0.0001736765,0.0387002,0.8404063,0.1052847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003871437,0.00002046345,0.03248644,0.02242902,0.0004341179,0.0000960815,0.0034004,0.00009256976,0.0001812342,0.00414978,0.9366115,0.00005961452],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002413902,0.9025497,0.0001361371,0.07887118,0.00196964,0.00003736134,0.001179424,0.000007269871,0.01283537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05969942,0.8743737,0.0005098383,0.05510092,0.003431108,0.0000718218,0.0007350387,0.00003662314,0.006041618],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08493125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4035007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2341109914","doi":"","title":"Review of Flemming, Tournament of Appeals: Granting Judicial Review in Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tournament; Political science; Law; Law and economics; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Ian Greene","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02543149587765181,"gpt":0.295933736846363,"spread":0.2705022409687112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0484342,0.0007892919,0.002696081,0.01261572,0.01075117,0.01274072,0.00898297,0.00742702,0.006142902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1848635,0.001210582,0.001479284,0.0218114,0.008139651,0.002436896,0.003043954,0.006921427,0.000436214],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.2260769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.5484524,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9880091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9960877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9602757,0.006509709,0.004297527,0.002482688,0.01919338,0.007241047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7453329,0.06643566,0.01021912,0.004113095,0.1554246,0.01847455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007454905,0.0001635383,0.01348985,0.01638547,0.0007945784,0.0003424666,0.003858945,0.001128827,0.000325937,0.03997751,0.6105177,0.3122696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005633779,0.0001961747,0.1021804,0.02473389,0.001827605,0.0002495687,0.00369159,0.0007251743,0.0004736049,0.003891054,0.8611721,0.0002954839],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03017273,0.7158278,0.0006335767,0.1889769,0.00902786,0.0006017354,0.003329099,0.0001296041,0.05130064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4073926,0.4681593,0.003415733,0.09173461,0.006696446,0.0005962435,0.002513523,0.0001836776,0.01930795],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2260769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8976411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343294661","doi":"10.1080/0098261x.2002.10767677","title":"Digital Judgment: Canada's Information Network for Judges","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Justice System Journal","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Economic Justice; Convention; Political science; Administration (probate law); Queen (butterfly); Carr; Psychology; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Bradley S. Chilton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02035022344845789,"gpt":0.2721699121285387,"spread":0.2518196886800808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00172282,0.0003606741,0.0002876107,0.003924905,0.01167929,0.007261856,0.001060039,0.001135928,0.05750553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0101804,0.0004028966,0.000168977,0.007018495,0.001209828,0.002294523,0.001891415,0.00112559,0.01434631],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0347222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.08958261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9699596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9879164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972067,0.0001677275,0.00005026286,0.0002136959,0.001868339,0.0004930933],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904813,0.0006112262,0.0002393167,0.0004234769,0.005561763,0.002682914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001817767,0.00001220863,0.002386542,0.00001896563,0.000002653122,0.00004868931,0.0003404311,0.0001354978,0.00008392613,0.007779588,0.9445848,0.04458866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001590999,0.000007228847,0.007054254,0.00004132347,0.000004120398,0.000017373,0.0008584322,0.0009291252,0.0001376079,0.001549758,0.9893607,0.00002419663],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01688942,0.001670479,0.003350667,0.03243764,0.0007865494,0.000475065,0.03521867,0.003465276,0.9057063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2118804,0.003312241,0.009825209,0.006268802,0.0004633378,0.0003591181,0.02281517,0.0007186062,0.7443572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9652778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2519283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}