{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"b73d77b81870","filters":{"venue":"Labor law journal"}},"results":[{"id":"W2293109338","doi":"","title":"First Contract Arbitration: Evidence From British Columbia, Canada of the Significance of Mediator's Non-Binding Recommendations","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labor law journal","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mediator; Arbitration; Political science; Law; Cell biology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Melanie Vipond","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01538173669201415,"gpt":0.2003061322169697,"spread":0.1849243955249556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006638119,0.00007282926,0.0004199476,0.0000202675,0.0004216481,0.0002223601,0.0004322967,0.00009446279,0.001297139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002881314,0.0001122197,0.0001072282,0.0001402333,0.0001628591,0.0003672396,0.00002986,0.0003620982,0.000006965223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001396758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002989975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.959651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9973571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984252,0.00002463272,0.00108095,0.0001969843,0.00007101556,0.0002012155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977881,0.0002955467,0.001397425,0.0002749623,0.0001346377,0.0001093703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001232002,0.00009023413,0.9562966,0.00004402607,0.0001792451,0.000009573729,0.0004949351,0.00006700942,0.001069892,0.02857845,0.0128623,0.0002954781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001915756,0.0001024643,0.7879847,0.0007249642,0.00005910398,0.00007636678,0.0005141054,0.0007935841,0.003500616,0.04681027,0.1567556,0.0007624523],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854312,0.0004489341,0.00007915735,0.001879499,0.00548847,0.0002094782,0.001626219,0.000004348405,0.004832693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983258,0.0002897829,0.000252996,0.0002547964,0.0007557485,0.000009784801,0.000006033327,0.00001495873,0.00009011161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1683118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952328229","doi":"","title":"The Uncertain State of Mandatory Retirement in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labor law journal","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"State (computer science); Business; Computer science; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Kenneth Wm. Thornicroft","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08331236993328121,"gpt":0.3622766591032713,"spread":0.2789642891699901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001494534,0.00006120603,0.000100355,0.00001182905,0.0004738188,0.00003641887,0.0002736837,0.00001499793,0.0001783902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001045487,0.00003246003,0.00003062651,0.0001009722,0.0002747103,0.00009410572,0.00002495844,0.00008523685,0.00000229119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001173852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0011778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8975369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983625,0.0003005909,0.0003177099,0.00008857261,0.0006060931,0.0003245409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993386,0.0001580705,0.0001360978,0.000133482,0.0001124862,0.000121285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002004052,0.0001666587,0.671385,0.00003361768,0.00009253354,0.00006859111,0.007645825,0.00004157556,0.001114807,0.164307,0.009913068,0.145031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00159968,0.0001363254,0.1859716,0.0002799607,0.00001759393,0.00000227852,0.01924849,0.000003916817,0.002695399,0.04896621,0.7407633,0.0003152796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978295,0.0002560145,0.000005980849,0.01039284,0.000617989,0.0001329992,0.00001653132,0.000003961638,0.01027873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981681,0.001024687,0.00001581108,0.0001681822,0.00008773729,0.000004412922,1.273734e-7,0.000004344428,0.0005265964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7308502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3644279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979246552","doi":"","title":"Incentive Compensation upon Termination of Employment: A U.S., Canadian and U.K. Perspective","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labor law journal","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Incentive; Compensation (psychology); Labour economics; Business; Economics; Public economics; Microeconomics; Social psychology; Psychology; Art","authors":[{"name":"George Avraam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas F. Hurka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Grant Spooner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian K. Wydajewski","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00949390512773634,"gpt":0.2338090220340985,"spread":0.2243151169063622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001251296,0.00006684156,0.00008813979,0.0001726018,0.0002409373,0.0001871715,0.00005613718,0.00003028018,0.0001035623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004251253,0.00006138405,0.00002163429,0.000174319,0.00003848278,0.0008999856,0.00001389342,0.00009583166,0.00001679368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001326085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003764558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2785203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3646443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995191,0.000007660558,0.0001416585,0.00008087564,0.0001366894,0.0001140507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993421,0.00000621113,0.0002058925,0.00004267162,0.0003800579,0.00002308076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001646441,0.00003132369,0.005214109,0.00001168234,0.00001655558,0.00001496875,0.0008830898,0.00005940567,0.0004065548,0.9924957,0.00004448769,0.0008057095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004323444,0.00008891884,0.5700295,0.0003564373,0.0001387892,0.00005454964,0.01236756,0.0004490027,0.002212906,0.1282089,0.2812353,0.0005347496],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498817,0.0001616555,0.00006570965,0.004418825,0.0002194587,0.0001194049,0.000005491923,0.00001852352,0.04510919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987445,0.00001157991,0.0001473446,0.0007196391,0.0003196627,0.000001192061,0.000005163024,0.000007094294,0.00004384661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8642868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7262841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2887285778","doi":"","title":"Austerity Blues: Public Sector Bargaining Rights in the United States and Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labor law journal","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Blues; Austerity; Public sector; Political science; Public administration; Economics; Law; Management; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph B. Rose","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01765256568303436,"gpt":0.2526753535461273,"spread":0.2350227878630929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000578982,0.00006863123,0.00008165303,0.00004413621,0.001264529,0.0005656488,0.0002284931,0.00003442525,0.0005582625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005116886,0.00004124917,0.00001156622,0.0003117716,0.0001196412,0.0003720821,0.00002130546,0.0002417737,7.345802e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001037208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002218564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9905726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9982102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987856,0.000336273,0.0001585803,0.00007944537,0.0003225851,0.0003175832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993945,0.0001299872,0.00006814024,0.00007620428,0.0001712359,0.0001598832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001870817,0.00003405607,0.01735167,0.00000120532,0.000020222,0.00003352468,0.008715917,0.000006369814,0.00001521018,0.9690436,0.004538579,0.0002377398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003071929,0.00002066021,0.1073391,0.00001514487,0.000005317404,0.000006114044,0.0213071,0.00002703661,0.000006614915,0.01981291,0.8510476,0.0001051421],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808262,0.00005125391,0.000002860036,0.01031957,0.0001840038,0.000101539,0.00001711207,0.000008100508,0.008489346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946874,0.00009263758,0.00005782735,0.004797683,0.0001847145,0.000004707891,0.000005070442,0.000003475807,0.0001664839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9492307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9725863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}