{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d1830c409da5","filters":{"venue":"Language Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2089143173","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2008.12.007","title":"How (not) to do phonological typology: the case of pitch-accent","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":449,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, Santa Barbara; Universität Konstanz; York University","keywords":"Pitch accent; Linguistics; Typology; Stress (linguistics); Tone (literature); Stress (linguistics); Phonology; Linguistic typology; Computer science; Psychology; Prosody; History; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Larry M. Hyman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05561890151117913,"gpt":0.4178029941572498,"spread":0.3621840926460707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007795861,0.0004468275,0.000641167,0.001259837,0.002928381,0.009088807,0.001629316,0.004244145,0.01041594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04219698,0.0007779644,0.0007040519,0.0009864795,0.01546905,0.02944379,0.003280494,0.004565176,0.003745691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008861489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002357149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006915244,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004120145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952974,0.001752488,0.0001948413,0.001659022,0.0006242436,0.0004720638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9853004,0.005241043,0.0009334219,0.004879083,0.002467955,0.00117805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001532223,0.0001646915,0.02641951,0.0001788317,0.0001860192,0.000962077,0.02195647,0.001714171,0.005959038,0.8251703,0.01208174,0.1050539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003280646,0.0000225565,0.004713121,0.0000748081,0.00002516273,0.0005443866,0.007710099,0.001839283,0.001459394,0.9671874,0.01630275,0.00008816541],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.285949,0.002109852,0.2060181,0.09081303,0.0040439,0.0001314142,0.0005742366,0.001295921,0.4090644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550094,0.0004988767,0.02807302,0.003389341,0.0003035421,0.00005780438,0.00012354,0.0004427508,0.01210174],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01041594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04122889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2099191656","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.008","title":"The internal syntax of Shona class prefixes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":215,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Shona; Linguistics; Syntax; Prefix; Class (philosophy); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Rose‐Marie Déchaine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Raphaël Girard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Calisto Mudzingwa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martina Wiltschko","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02044211663881114,"gpt":0.2495089979931217,"spread":0.2290668813543106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002051201,0.0004769492,0.0006847539,0.001893595,0.002524915,0.009236036,0.001133331,0.001617747,0.01087344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007943043,0.0008678689,0.0007737018,0.002307341,0.005793371,0.01249061,0.003526279,0.002053614,0.001876036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00152877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00108488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001974117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002239828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974667,0.0009469016,0.0002410774,0.0006357409,0.0004683606,0.0002413175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950272,0.00229457,0.0003493058,0.00131902,0.0008661041,0.0001436926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000371301,0.00001077912,0.0008485499,0.00004657256,0.0000109514,0.00006561261,0.003245427,0.000241117,0.002370104,0.980602,0.001107917,0.01141387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002970244,0.00002989343,0.002549155,0.0001347456,0.00004989987,0.0004174532,0.00259383,0.005381376,0.004328576,0.9239696,0.06044203,0.0000737679],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.283826,0.001243775,0.4808372,0.003067048,0.0005417399,0.0001255571,0.002183689,0.002675399,0.2254996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.950116,0.0003195599,0.03990037,0.0002742443,0.0001849469,0.00008130112,0.0008227128,0.001173795,0.007127075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01087344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03637528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3153429728","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2021.101384","title":"Three conceptions of nativism and the faculty of language","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Language and cultural evolution","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Psychological nativism; Universal grammar; Linguistics; Evolvability; Lexicon; Grammar; Natural language; Computer science; Predicate (mathematical logic); Linguistic competence; Cognitive science; Psychology; Natural language processing; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Denis Bouchard","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02849963771714813,"gpt":0.348594023386105,"spread":0.3200943856689568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005835477,0.0003689437,0.0005250178,0.002502613,0.003352858,0.007354142,0.002108746,0.002434697,0.005914138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01168944,0.0004147376,0.0006123914,0.001681946,0.03923311,0.008950212,0.003993209,0.003345981,0.0004261108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004401206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002845771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003837809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004977249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969481,0.001338024,0.0001425814,0.0004264108,0.0006800938,0.0004647547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9913174,0.004007248,0.001015119,0.001459397,0.001171855,0.00102905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009314645,0.000006484242,0.0004168694,0.000005872926,0.000002828363,0.000007257803,0.001456281,0.00005382102,0.00002956848,0.9968767,0.0001354525,0.0009995364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001802636,0.000008289418,0.001112905,0.00002224449,0.000005062823,0.0000482687,0.001293627,0.0002648838,0.0001003843,0.9917433,0.005373277,0.00000981878],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1785845,0.003215088,0.08553424,0.02581691,0.0003727878,0.0001453328,0.000273082,0.0001167181,0.7059413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980132,0.000463815,0.01042086,0.0006742753,0.000124288,0.000172844,0.00006984568,0.00003161134,0.007910512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007354142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03193313,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4377143245","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101553","title":"Sound-meaning mapping: Verbal imitation of Super Mario music by Yorùbá gamers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Imitation; Linguistics; Interpretation (philosophy); Meaning (existential); Sound symbolism; Psychology; Musical; Music psychology; Situational ethics; Music and emotion; Popular music; Music history; Art; Literature; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Samuel Akinbo","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08179394817976356,"gpt":0.3742234891255045,"spread":0.2924295409457409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004756348,0.0003720226,0.0001845296,0.0002020067,0.0004632697,0.0007769635,0.000342581,0.0005557828,0.003060014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005633269,0.0002331912,0.0001399774,0.0001186036,0.0007754553,0.0004648906,0.0008184204,0.0004535148,0.0003856189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002623006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002748155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008753275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01085773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997575,0.0001066467,0.00000969003,0.00004648806,0.00004001473,0.00003965421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993395,0.0004315382,0.00006790819,0.00005846933,0.00006650156,0.00003611375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001557403,0.0002877685,0.08261658,0.0005102315,0.0001647774,0.006741789,0.2589478,0.001771298,0.5426301,0.008646645,0.002635564,0.09349008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001955257,0.001590798,0.684286,0.0003440692,0.000269345,0.006085846,0.1884559,0.03153919,0.06266903,0.004563494,0.01981343,0.0001873947],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934668,0.00003463591,0.001685083,0.00005250626,0.0000137296,0.00002326132,0.00002224275,0.00003603183,0.004665777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955034,0.00003094065,0.002080251,0.0000329067,0.000002714155,0.0000239957,0.00003164684,0.00002631067,0.002267862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008753275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01740462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411264941","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2025.101731","title":"Paradoxical practices of being with others: Some experiential dynamics at play while interacting across differences","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; Universiteit Stellenbosch; Franklin and Marshall College","keywords":"Dynamics (music); Experiential learning; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Hanne De Jaegher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rika Preiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena Clare Cuffari","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03190835317532025,"gpt":0.3511999578380629,"spread":0.3192916046627426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01756287,0.0007932218,0.0007866548,0.001562477,0.009700838,0.009993571,0.002375411,0.00269766,0.002608463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03308546,0.0007823619,0.0007198348,0.001039474,0.03346051,0.01297283,0.01530487,0.005234775,0.0003474685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001877608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002071981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001768862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00190824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.973264,0.02137985,0.0004523693,0.001610532,0.002163366,0.001129874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9711459,0.02359729,0.00111737,0.001909998,0.0008609866,0.001368426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003390293,0.00003458592,0.0009822797,0.00006954301,0.000008519746,0.0003818214,0.9826115,0.00006270189,0.001315759,0.0109205,0.0001640757,0.00341488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002707523,0.0001372987,0.002429046,0.0001469794,0.0000198429,0.001059397,0.9465401,0.0006802357,0.001487829,0.02315957,0.02422832,0.00008434997],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9192393,0.0007933354,0.03695305,0.005582273,0.0001433395,0.0001909533,0.00004791297,0.00009732035,0.03695244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915603,0.0002083552,0.005683488,0.0003510695,0.00002036524,0.0001013747,0.00001708702,0.00004815391,0.002009858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01756287,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09288251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361026887","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101544","title":"Inference and indexicality, or how to solve Bakhtin's problem with heteroglossia","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Sciences","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Indexicality; Heteroglossia; Linguistics; Semiosis; Sociology; Philosophy of language; Epistemology; Ideology; Argument (complex analysis); Philosophy; Politics; Semiotics; Metaphysics","authors":[{"name":"Ken Hirschkop","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08801335358452897,"gpt":0.3456166327202906,"spread":0.2576032791357616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00373391,0.000566732,0.00118411,0.001787445,0.003164277,0.004649963,0.001743945,0.003439722,0.01107259],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009240688,0.0004489057,0.001032323,0.001139983,0.02064374,0.02149482,0.00354053,0.005243274,0.001676328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001819701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001487399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002911602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002205226,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981443,0.0007750599,0.0001518395,0.0005476268,0.0002080398,0.0001731738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974626,0.001638739,0.0001371465,0.0004956979,0.0001821881,0.00008370799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001260631,0.000003065868,0.00005756471,0.00002218934,0.000005179978,0.00001415627,0.0004866728,0.00007883342,0.0000551096,0.9947981,0.00130506,0.003161481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007009775,0.00000224007,0.00003507575,0.00001095639,0.000003154251,0.00002356394,0.0001254688,0.0002087491,0.0000797967,0.9938631,0.005635444,0.000005372183],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03721543,0.0100312,0.3814551,0.08587198,0.002897926,0.0001156373,0.0004702327,0.0009046765,0.4810378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8638009,0.002992364,0.08990801,0.007112502,0.002058537,0.0002320096,0.0002363941,0.0004984653,0.03316082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01107259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03704149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}