{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c839d5339dde","filters":{"venue":"Languages in Contrast"}},"results":[{"id":"W2077683701","doi":"10.1075/lic.14.1.07tab","title":"Loving and hating the movies in English, German and Spanish","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages in Contrast","topic":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentative; German; Linguistics; Style (visual arts); Sociocultural evolution; Psychology; Sociology; Literature; Art; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Maite Taboada","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marta Carretero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer Hinnell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005761920735122669,"gpt":0.2523728581758457,"spread":0.246610937440723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001647109,0.0002210618,0.0002418617,0.002627637,0.0003538713,0.001158086,0.0001693768,0.0002321187,0.001823333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008027372,0.00007887052,0.0001358593,0.002490971,0.0004896844,0.0006409495,0.0005013351,0.0002575439,0.0003626803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005481437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002595643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004775841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008584377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998662,0.0006151483,0.0001234398,0.0001192441,0.0003369654,0.0001432174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.984435,0.009779871,0.002365463,0.0001798595,0.002903683,0.0003360895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001110713,0.0004587846,0.7778266,0.001970793,0.0001706392,0.001129842,0.1246346,0.0004329355,0.01764176,0.002610734,0.005852051,0.06616051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007561694,0.0001423612,0.9501498,0.0000737721,0.00002094544,0.0003235138,0.0407044,0.0005106442,0.001120697,0.0001506507,0.006778819,0.00001694342],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944885,0.0002707484,0.0001807982,0.0000539142,0.00000627644,0.00001919765,0.0007288294,0.000003802713,0.004247877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959292,0.0002966132,0.0004570721,0.00004646006,0.00002238007,0.0000715528,0.001385504,0.000009838075,0.001781293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004775841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009496093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283796718","doi":"10.1075/lic.00020.jan","title":"Embodied cognition","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages in Contrast","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Embodied cognition; Linguistics; Meaning (existential); Narrative; Cognition; Sign language; Space (punctuation); Iconicity; Affect (linguistics); Psychology; Spoken language; American Sign Language; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Terry Janzen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02488802894089136,"gpt":0.3428804560200152,"spread":0.3179924270791238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009728274,0.0005426508,0.0003291401,0.001063263,0.00104457,0.004960578,0.0007188959,0.001609296,0.01294472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002954656,0.0001432839,0.000397226,0.0006698949,0.008168026,0.004337391,0.002803297,0.001402845,0.001233089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002208641,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001190482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002153334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001298409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998963,0.0004301543,0.00004753935,0.0002266914,0.000258883,0.00007373437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989743,0.0004738965,0.0001041389,0.0001966284,0.0001594987,0.00009162295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000193145,0.00001623659,0.0004351788,0.0001697638,0.00001761639,0.0001249585,0.005649591,0.000849155,0.000721428,0.9673681,0.002827694,0.02180097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001800544,0.00003230417,0.0008672684,0.0001974459,0.00001629554,0.0002505619,0.002747367,0.00112761,0.0004208598,0.8571915,0.1371105,0.00002027426],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04130569,0.01105589,0.07117091,0.01193823,0.000616038,0.00006645899,0.0002629773,0.0001891627,0.8633946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9377819,0.004779477,0.01686035,0.001532436,0.0001999628,0.00008475739,0.0002853865,0.00006573322,0.03841005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01294472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04330444,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2261748170","doi":"10.1075/lic.15.2.01lop","title":"Unusual sentence structure in wine tasting notes","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages in Contrast","topic":"linguistics and terminology studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Wine tasting; Sentence; Linguistics; Wine; Point (geometry); Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Information structure; Contrastive analysis; Element (criminal law); Mathematics; Art; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Belén López Arroyo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roda P. Roberts","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05177397015747824,"gpt":0.2867194684546412,"spread":0.2349454982971629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001286183,0.000295886,0.000295075,0.001719732,0.000849363,0.001059405,0.0002334693,0.0003082331,0.002622159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006591564,0.0001820482,0.0001828822,0.001971354,0.001071144,0.001113714,0.0007218898,0.0005936759,0.0004578703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006715425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004798504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003075118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004405397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987557,0.0004481998,0.0002537848,0.0002631325,0.0002108717,0.00006831191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906149,0.005865592,0.001642545,0.0005100096,0.001156604,0.0002104032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002146909,0.0003313794,0.1611053,0.006778453,0.0002604711,0.009656086,0.2749022,0.0008812696,0.2589858,0.02669987,0.02791748,0.2303348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001387469,0.0005652904,0.6136957,0.0007986407,0.0003380635,0.0100505,0.07331443,0.004090721,0.04588349,0.006612073,0.2443114,0.0002008779],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841272,0.001158798,0.004012153,0.0004508847,0.0001130806,0.00005769208,0.001859916,0.0001238501,0.008096421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914359,0.0004938333,0.003627168,0.0001321684,0.00007519621,0.00005957275,0.002243385,0.00009764672,0.001835144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003075118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008772016,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2890058560","doi":"10.1075/lic.17009.lop","title":"The use of -<i>ing</i> and -<i>ndo</i> forms in sales contracts","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages in Contrast","topic":"Translation Studies and Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Business; Linguistics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Belén López Arroyo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roda P. Roberts","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leticia Moreno Pérez","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05120796843697098,"gpt":0.2851536322512498,"spread":0.2339456638142789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003452345,0.000270763,0.0003407354,0.003070584,0.001545722,0.002901334,0.0005009333,0.0004674385,0.006202641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01588696,0.0003005,0.000185404,0.006841814,0.002343425,0.002980853,0.001577623,0.0009534799,0.0008113427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001319778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001890688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009854699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01222584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961615,0.001720056,0.0004146282,0.0003771557,0.001058083,0.0002686029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9793945,0.01239533,0.00322039,0.001725542,0.002797517,0.0004667232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008672709,0.0004220002,0.2433854,0.002166805,0.00007566842,0.003547224,0.2742191,0.000893389,0.02382216,0.06853035,0.01679434,0.3652762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007151638,0.0002060219,0.4103838,0.001192368,0.00009424384,0.006198335,0.1702066,0.003659924,0.01291219,0.008766597,0.386168,0.0001404826],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9310528,0.001365537,0.003204571,0.0008801513,0.00006547319,0.00006213004,0.0008663641,0.00006700125,0.06243598],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902703,0.001001421,0.002892209,0.0001485717,0.00003473457,0.00003336234,0.001065189,0.0001808227,0.00437351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009854699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02074987,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283168338","doi":"10.1075/lic.00022.par","title":"Character perspective shift sequences and embodiment markers in signed and spoken discourse","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages in Contrast","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Character (mathematics); Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Narrative; Psychology; Set (abstract data type); Gesture; Repetition (rhetorical device); Duration (music); Simple past; Mathematics; Computer science; Literature; Artificial intelligence; Art; Grammar; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Anne-Marie Parisot","is_ca":true},{"name":"Darren Saunders","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01292561465328998,"gpt":0.3374987461801502,"spread":0.3245731315268602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006289611,0.0002256348,0.0001267695,0.001638206,0.0004964825,0.00116997,0.0001527051,0.0002593696,0.002950052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005418071,0.00009555668,0.00008991191,0.001011786,0.0009592235,0.0006863546,0.0007194576,0.0001982649,0.0002127707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000602039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003324845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005605559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007965374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993367,0.0002968092,0.00003787913,0.0001076725,0.000174965,0.00004590785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956097,0.00227313,0.001039871,0.0002902221,0.0006161189,0.0001709664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001509992,0.0001159821,0.2036243,0.0008150034,0.00009500231,0.002367069,0.2537242,0.001169714,0.3008956,0.007772425,0.0007769711,0.2271337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002301693,0.0005120142,0.8572071,0.0001916961,0.00003975501,0.003308817,0.09644535,0.003387667,0.02246218,0.001415869,0.01491767,0.00008882212],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944377,0.0001756426,0.00206747,0.00003045407,0.000005065228,0.00001543826,0.0001281876,0.00002616287,0.003113878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980215,0.00007546748,0.001237359,0.000004282629,0.000003840685,0.00001190819,0.0001023743,0.000007594569,0.0005356789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005605559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01114583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}