{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"04dba597f8c4","filters":{"venue":"Law Enforcement Review"}},"results":[{"id":"W2735322727","doi":"10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(2).133-140","title":"Legal status of a municipality as a corporation in Canadian law","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Law Enforcement Review","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporation; Legal status; Business; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Larichev","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04045063019720935,"gpt":0.3168020416223405,"spread":0.2763514114251312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004407188,0.0001103797,0.0002581118,0.00005331033,0.0002207797,0.0002497119,0.000241888,0.00003249367,0.001224695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001267721,0.00009935073,0.00005769571,0.00009388051,0.00008145732,0.001257722,0.00006804451,0.0000732668,0.000203071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007262365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006735342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9991241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9778646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989978,0.00001253271,0.0003658193,0.0001408593,0.0001841928,0.0002987911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989192,0.0000056375,0.0005022854,0.0004450474,0.00009111042,0.00003671713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004090746,0.00001537504,0.002340821,0.0009257749,0.000006026919,0.00000504597,0.00001977172,0.0000044768,0.000006023422,0.9949074,0.0004923744,0.001272777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000240756,0.000006942187,0.0005334804,0.0009161723,0.00002822633,2.359657e-7,0.00001682448,0.0001180013,0.00001563396,0.001210679,0.9968046,0.0001084694],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004157565,0.002386707,0.000002639078,0.00009034815,0.0001273115,0.0004704022,0.000003240101,0.00001564862,0.9927461],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911871,0.001577262,0.00002430025,0.006201453,0.00009116274,0.00002970321,0.0000758718,0.000007942981,0.0008052214],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9963122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2604891953","doi":"10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(1).66-78","title":"THE CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE ENTITIES’ COMPETENCE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CANADA","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Law Enforcement Review","topic":"Legal and Policy Issues","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Legislator; Decentralization; Autonomy; Political science; Corporate governance; Public administration; Law and economics; Law; Sociology; Legislation; Psychology; Social psychology; Management; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Larichev","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02033046374094683,"gpt":0.3328638194324419,"spread":0.3125333556914951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003004219,0.00004738706,0.0001274465,0.000001539761,0.0007688113,0.0001133127,0.0001659914,0.00001265658,0.00004893319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006650177,0.00003188985,0.00001017343,0.00001483937,0.0003712168,0.0001587731,0.00005006809,0.00003849091,4.891864e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003629499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000111883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9887818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9933591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994379,0.00006066595,0.0001503483,0.00006685483,0.0001654328,0.0001187692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996263,0.00004571531,0.0001411926,0.0001380767,0.0000132283,0.00003551731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[7.394623e-7,0.000001288656,0.0005622523,0.00008683238,0.000002317481,4.637163e-7,0.001107116,2.272278e-7,8.930875e-7,0.9949482,0.0002957803,0.002993859],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008156929,0.00001029684,0.001367876,0.000885447,0.000005313985,1.546716e-7,0.0001773855,0.000004688719,0.00002815305,0.0003215351,0.9970742,0.00004334881],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01404678,0.1649527,9.833459e-7,0.006127495,0.0001768968,0.0005233717,0.00001220813,0.000004340489,0.8141552],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8038343,0.1940888,0.000008799745,0.0005609771,0.00002689316,0.0000069627,8.331492e-7,0.000001158012,0.001471327],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9967784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5913152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3179094184","doi":"10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(2).99-108","title":"Reservations and declarations to tax treaties","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Law Enforcement Review","topic":"Corporate Taxation and Avoidance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Base erosion and profit shifting; Convention; Tax treaty; Double taxation; International taxation; Political science; Action plan; Profit (economics); Tax law; Law and economics; Economics; Public economics; Business; Law; Tax avoidance; Tax reform","authors":[{"name":"Инна Хаванова","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0404147680402121,"gpt":0.2667759741532158,"spread":0.2263612061130037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001439451,0.00009549078,0.0001555882,0.00003452448,0.0002084501,0.000181682,0.00006995136,0.00001516224,0.001527294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001078697,0.0000857639,0.00003749213,0.0004680869,0.00001869317,0.0005013479,0.0001019243,0.00003966978,0.0003467508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001355716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001852209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006970287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00179494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999328,0.000008382825,0.0002365313,0.0001681952,0.0001430604,0.0001158612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994511,0.00001583525,0.0001157909,0.0002131813,0.0001885816,0.00001552582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[9.330047e-7,0.00001398396,0.0004433021,0.0005832515,0.000006539694,0.000001926236,0.000009102406,0.00001385382,0.00007951835,0.9647034,0.03079429,0.003349843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001041096,0.000003315613,0.0003556412,0.0006366906,0.00004028725,9.065574e-7,0.00003069247,0.00010634,0.00005151589,0.001880562,0.9966831,0.0001068829],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005407712,0.02545714,0.00223504,0.01736978,0.0002149578,0.001000363,0.000009810325,0.0001500846,0.9481551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.713371,0.02484042,0.002731423,0.2053642,0.0007946431,0.0005070363,0.0005579903,0.0000426048,0.05179077],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9658888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206701384","doi":"10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).159-174","title":"Taxation of copper and nickel ores mining in Australia, Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan and USA","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Law Enforcement Review","topic":"Engineering and Environmental Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration","keywords":"Taxable income; Legislation; Legislature; Natural resource economics; Scope (computer science); Natural resource; Copper extraction techniques; Business; Economics; Copper; Political science; Accounting; Chemistry; Law","authors":[{"name":"N. S. Kostrykina","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrey Korytin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elena Melkova","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01148150553241914,"gpt":0.2097753192939083,"spread":0.1982938137614891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008388614,0.000080348,0.000162312,0.00001241831,0.00003724132,0.000002739378,0.00003238438,0.000007877774,0.0001578205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003722913,0.00007938902,0.00001053193,0.00005468914,0.00001747387,0.00002806494,0.00004880529,0.00005534514,4.087156e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008838218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003100808,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1527794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08758378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995338,0.000008421333,0.0001729124,0.00007346731,0.000108353,0.0001030482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998692,0.00001149848,0.00003198781,0.00006163726,0.000001532984,0.00002418747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002971964,0.0001530484,0.2017784,0.05181913,0.0007576873,0.00007002255,0.004657182,0.4557144,0.003992974,0.1015117,0.05964558,0.1198702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007272722,0.0001395041,0.06678714,0.002096308,0.00009405903,0.00001766939,0.0004259936,0.002688044,0.0004976675,0.00003053957,0.9259245,0.0005713409],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8640134,0.1184091,0.00002035065,0.00003906593,0.0001235519,0.0003837052,0.00003494387,0.00002199406,0.01695382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764137,0.02314474,0.00007969562,0.00007701061,0.000004712486,0.00004362538,0.00001113274,0.000006977616,0.0002184083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8662789,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9290655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}