{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":72,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":72,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"f870562668c6","filters":{"venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters"}},"results":[{"id":"W2793477774","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10073","title":"Greenhouse gas emissions from lakes and impoundments: Upscaling in the face of global change","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":566,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Minnesota Sea Grant, University of Minnesota; Hydro-Québec; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Face (sociological concept); Environmental science; Climate change; Natural resource economics; Oceanography; Geology; Economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Tonya DelSontro","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jake J. Beaulieu","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Downing","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009001367656001142,"gpt":0.2098777577975997,"spread":0.2008763901415985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007910569,0.0001126023,0.000113614,0.000006854983,0.0001124253,0.000008553954,0.0001490279,0.00007574077,0.00003128548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003750938,0.00008211813,0.00003061987,0.0001735234,0.001188805,0.0001092238,0.0001270871,0.0000928723,0.000003155099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001650767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.633296e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004180734,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003056878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992966,0.00005547514,0.0001299462,0.0002221365,0.00009403357,0.0002017736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997204,0.00003723208,0.00005277359,0.0001459229,6.749504e-7,0.00004298607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002023183,0.00003948364,0.9945428,0.000001837345,0.00001249397,0.000005559893,0.001684514,0.00001331489,0.00105322,0.00002919877,0.000111786,0.002485591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003129271,0.0001067337,0.9964896,0.0000111109,0.00002124315,0.00001010665,0.001286583,0.0004821838,0.00002936709,0.000564584,0.0005797385,0.0001058225],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963847,0.0002082904,0.0006384486,0.002458493,0.00005369749,0.0001115513,0.000008591362,0.00001207518,0.0001241272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951067,0.0002573469,0.001251374,0.003340439,0.0000286587,0.00000512333,0.000002738314,0.000004722679,0.000002915207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002379769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4380201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788224126","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10063","title":"Increasing dominance of terrigenous organic matter in circumpolar freshwaters due to permafrost thaw","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":213,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Université de Montréal; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Academy of Finland; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; ArcticNet","keywords":"Permafrost; Thermokarst; Tundra; Terrestrial ecosystem; Dissolved organic carbon; Environmental science; Subarctic climate; Dominance (genetics); Soil water; Arctic; Organic matter; Geology; Physical geography; Hydrology (agriculture); Oceanography; Earth science; Ecosystem; Ecology; Soil science; Geography; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Maxime Wauthy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Milla Rautio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kirsten Christoffersen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Forsström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isabelle Laurion","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather Mariash","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sari Peura","is_ca":false},{"name":"Warwick F. Vincent","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01027635874600507,"gpt":0.2030380964775277,"spread":0.1927617377315226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002222617,0.0001755098,0.0002800306,0.0003980106,0.0001423487,0.00002729065,0.0002017522,0.0001127261,0.002318153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009700015,0.0001556868,0.0000539895,0.0004089776,0.0004708371,0.0001524734,0.00002813198,0.0001495507,0.0001561728],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002504237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008968867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002468958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02021261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987547,0.0001094725,0.0002524408,0.0003276046,0.00009481079,0.0004609338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995024,0.0001003945,0.00006596588,0.0002103788,0.00002030139,0.0001006231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000129309,0.00001280383,0.9690614,0.00002536408,0.00001607797,0.00005644724,0.003402793,0.000001980491,0.02612332,0.000002715449,0.0007210543,0.0004467783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003142748,0.0001677922,0.9964159,0.00004577946,0.00001322326,0.0001748767,0.000421399,0.00002808815,0.001375482,0.00004593634,0.0008011046,0.0001961028],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955639,0.0004388147,0.00002116793,0.002271194,0.0003100781,0.0001507191,0.0009014749,0.00001679767,0.0003258776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909407,0.00006302918,0.0002083756,0.008421084,0.0001192296,9.488095e-7,0.0002348821,0.000006889219,0.000004854478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02735459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2596639275","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10036","title":"Key differences between lakes and reservoirs modify climate signals: A case for a new conceptual model","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":195,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Climate change; Lake ecosystem; Conceptual model; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Drainage basin; Environmental resource management; Climate model; Key (lock); Ecology; Geography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Nicole M. Hayes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bridget R. Deemer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jessica R. Corman","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. Roxanna Razavi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristin E. Strock","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03714668404125324,"gpt":0.2539758087854367,"spread":0.2168291247441835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001914037,0.0001922552,0.0002704316,0.00007048265,0.001337799,0.00006065087,0.0002346764,0.0001262226,0.00001641141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002685905,0.0001585865,0.0000639752,0.00003549937,0.002305669,0.0002817796,0.0004059513,0.0001365905,0.000004855773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004668863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000185581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007359984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000192697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988564,0.00004516921,0.0001628358,0.0004256875,0.00006840457,0.0004414724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994081,0.0001262922,0.0001124838,0.0002474669,0.000003341599,0.0001022933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008747129,0.00001544774,0.9915816,0.00002107687,0.0001506631,0.00008232733,0.002663014,0.0001876195,0.0002748123,0.0006481088,0.003579987,0.00070785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006782972,0.001187913,0.9244054,0.00007573553,0.0009506404,0.0001740858,0.002845664,0.01910328,0.0004273367,0.03832511,0.00405264,0.001669249],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835925,0.0001521701,0.001784161,0.01374875,0.0000563851,0.0002483977,0.00003123547,0.00004012128,0.0003463306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969165,0.0002506081,0.0009917159,0.00168663,0.00004708499,0.00002306785,0.000004678822,0.00000843553,0.00007122117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06717625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966352862","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10116","title":"Consequences of lake and river ice loss on cultural ecosystem services","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":191,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; York University","funders":"Kempestiftelserna; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network","keywords":"Ecosystem services; Fishing; Ecosystem; Northern Hemisphere; Environmental science; Geography; Fishery; Oceanography; Physical geography; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Climatology; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Lesley B. Knoll","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sapna Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Blaize A. Denfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanna Flaim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yukari Hori","is_ca":true},{"name":"John J. Magnuson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dietmar Straile","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004214951836430178,"gpt":0.1823374680846929,"spread":0.1781225162482627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008959807,0.0001288664,0.0001979653,0.00005408022,0.0000775014,0.00001719169,0.0001379057,0.00008521116,0.0001617464],"category_scores_gemma":[7.149729e-7,0.00008922361,0.0000422048,0.0001179676,0.0001686354,0.0002163223,0.00007104762,0.00007744775,0.00008456197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003791278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001107195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008325733,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001070764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992294,0.00005469163,0.000153372,0.0002700631,0.00009671542,0.0001958004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996562,0.00005326208,0.000097731,0.0001381563,0.000004425402,0.00005022389],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003698727,0.000013362,0.9945636,0.0001380568,0.00003964556,0.000007692518,0.0007238146,0.00002990851,0.004184294,0.00009899569,0.00006575237,0.00009783589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000895658,0.0002936669,0.9865324,0.0001580363,0.00005142147,0.00007848869,0.0007754102,0.0001404471,0.00402,0.0002418068,0.006489227,0.0003233599],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977638,0.0001097753,5.423139e-7,0.001104279,0.0001461974,0.0001252955,0.00002318432,0.00002340965,0.0007035436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979684,0.0001807147,0.0000444533,0.00176829,0.00001660726,0.000002512392,0.000006681531,0.000004524767,0.000007755149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008031176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3638434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2999467666","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10130","title":"Trophic transfer of microplastics in an estuarine food chain and the effects of a sorbed legacy pollutant","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of North Carolina Wilmington; National Center For Environmental Assessment; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Microplastics; Trophic level; Food chain; Ingestion; Pollutant; Predation; Estuary; Larva; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Food web; Ecology; Invertebrate; Environmental science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Samantha N. Athey","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samantha D. Albotra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cessely A. Gordon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bonnie Monteleone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pamela J. Seaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony L. Andrady","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison R. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susanne M. Brander","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004028753546912504,"gpt":0.1624867571136272,"spread":0.1584580035667147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009079553,0.0001202021,0.0002366634,0.00007004652,0.00004518851,0.000007291439,0.0001000666,0.00006981615,0.00001080296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005772095,0.00008653526,0.00004422082,0.0002379176,0.001007335,0.00006579479,0.0000469565,0.0001473362,6.018106e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003551786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000426158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003414929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008603244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992224,0.000112214,0.0002133494,0.000198533,0.00007458208,0.0001789534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994997,0.0003002461,0.00004738917,0.00008971491,0.000002617964,0.00006026999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001145261,0.0001260057,0.2482892,0.0002255927,0.0001023421,0.00002220534,0.005346896,0.0002414549,0.7405495,0.002541241,0.00004141958,0.001368887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01000409,0.003176068,0.9489431,0.0000935576,0.0002503781,0.00004115376,0.0002762295,0.00384564,0.03215201,0.0006957913,0.000128457,0.0003935132],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995488,0.0002637159,0.002122724,0.001854824,0.00006363601,0.0001790166,0.00001241678,0.000007248876,0.000008432839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986256,0.0001669416,0.0002032197,0.0009801545,0.00001323925,0.000002529402,0.000001643924,0.000006322224,3.406803e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7083975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3711569,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797392552","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10079","title":"A synthesis of carbon dioxide and methane dynamics during the ice‐covered period of northern lakes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Kempestiftelserna; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Period (music); Carbon dioxide; Environmental science; Northern Hemisphere; Methane; Ice core; Physical geography; Southern Hemisphere; Climatology; Spring (device); Atmospheric sciences; Geography; Ecology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Blaize A. Denfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helen M. Baulch","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul A. del Giorgio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie E. Hampton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Karlsson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003868203688838315,"gpt":0.1704985240937174,"spread":0.1666303204048791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001524943,0.0001190442,0.0002201103,0.0001109604,0.0001300773,0.00000640154,0.0001339728,0.00007418884,0.00002264236],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003727498,0.00008179819,0.00006051319,0.0001740471,0.001357609,0.00005996225,0.00002173184,0.0001140235,5.673746e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001503426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001031603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005176303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003416497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992459,0.0000817911,0.0001897663,0.0001769803,0.00009582577,0.0002097721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994173,0.0002319428,0.00012754,0.0001566183,0.00002660729,0.00003998012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010953,0.000007211077,0.9954959,0.00005627093,0.0001094634,0.000004925384,0.0009714594,0.00001163293,0.0008661146,0.00005640724,9.278435e-7,0.002310126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002155329,0.00013211,0.9950835,0.00003113599,0.00009324809,0.00005953096,0.001538899,0.001548532,0.0009886799,0.000171059,0.00002035907,0.0001174205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978472,0.0002467504,0.00003136807,0.001357902,0.00009056781,0.00007367255,0.00005300353,0.00001194096,0.0002876206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993371,0.0001888486,0.0001992645,0.0002180466,0.00003881184,5.363531e-7,0.000006120739,0.000003410503,0.000007826964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002898867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5002166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2793945279","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10065","title":"Beyond respiration: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes across the terrestrial‐aquatic interface","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":146,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Vetenskapsrådet; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Biogeochemistry; Biogeochemical cycle; Carbon cycle; Environmental science; Terrestrial ecosystem; Soil carbon; Context (archaeology); Ecosystem; Carbon fibers; Global change; Aquatic ecosystem; Dissolved organic carbon; Atmospheric carbon cycle; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Soil water; Soil science; Chemistry; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Suzanne E. Tank","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jason B. Fellman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eran Hood","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma S. Kritzberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009436718205754742,"gpt":0.2181636295156984,"spread":0.2087269113099437,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002559532,0.0001523531,0.0001760692,0.00007383452,0.0003211637,0.00009920776,0.0001956747,0.00008571265,0.00007968592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001889806,0.0000960788,0.00006153207,0.0001749253,0.0004563828,0.00009401846,0.00002096096,0.0001851739,0.00004322638],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001209931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007267649,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007534521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0081557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989084,0.0001720368,0.0002132881,0.0002616365,0.0001125298,0.0003321142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994571,0.0001742704,0.00008293724,0.000219836,0.000009265069,0.00005655789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004543191,0.00001369639,0.982202,0.000009420384,0.00009960357,0.00001670982,0.001137393,0.00004501,0.0002354081,0.00009060549,0.001845102,0.01385074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002703809,0.003643104,0.9401305,0.00006747479,0.00008165088,0.00009059945,0.0006327718,0.01046143,0.0009893131,0.002354222,0.03817295,0.0006721156],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893459,0.0002252103,0.00002389842,0.005554798,0.0008646491,0.0001893952,0.00001649519,0.00004093079,0.003738705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928639,0.00001389161,0.00001240508,0.00653362,0.0004801347,0.000002162114,0.0000155359,0.000003159758,0.00007518613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04207143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4551072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2802255975","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10080","title":"Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through the freshwater pipe","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Division of Integrative Organismal Systems; U.S. Geological Survey","keywords":"Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Residence time (fluid dynamics); Flux (metallurgy); Stoichiometry; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Cycling; Environmental chemistry; Nutrient; Water pipe; Chemistry; Ecology; Biology; Oceanography; Geography; Geology; Materials science; Forestry","authors":[{"name":"Roxane Maranger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stuart E. Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"James B. Cotner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005218094903036847,"gpt":0.190382746355375,"spread":0.1851646514523382,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009065287,0.0001279971,0.0001345869,0.0000575823,0.000163231,0.00001145298,0.0001611903,0.00008146343,0.00001792546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005053646,0.00008285018,0.00004437471,0.0003139938,0.002352923,0.00007985257,0.0001664748,0.0001206669,0.000005836968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005224704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002070301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004383659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992019,0.00004746264,0.0001455005,0.0002458385,0.0001030411,0.0002562855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996482,0.00004311887,0.00005797617,0.0002077098,0.000005574281,0.00003743721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003612895,0.0000194926,0.9962046,0.000003820098,0.00003520094,0.000003166908,0.001244055,0.000001128058,0.0009721692,0.00009795513,0.0007707814,0.0006114767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001439541,0.0006417511,0.9043787,0.0000222711,0.0001589809,0.0000998355,0.0007458529,0.0003829773,0.01945545,0.03794435,0.03417111,0.0005592059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961814,0.0004445286,0.00007578476,0.002415134,0.000177849,0.00008592383,0.000008016274,0.00002303282,0.0005883351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958572,0.0001848806,0.0004461317,0.003446988,0.00004090753,0.000003356593,0.000002965566,0.000008236726,0.000009382855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09182595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8669443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969802770","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10117","title":"Hot tops, cold bottoms: Synergistic climate warming and shielding effects increase carbon burial in lakes","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Global warming; Environmental science; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Eutrophication; Greenhouse effect; Carbon dioxide; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Ecology; Nutrient; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Maciej Bartosiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna Przytulska","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Lapierre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Isabelle Laurion","is_ca":true},{"name":"Moritz F. Lehmann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roxane Maranger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003050505094101783,"gpt":0.1645986292273206,"spread":0.1615481241332188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002242241,0.0001612236,0.0002639825,0.0002593215,0.00008393106,0.00004484284,0.00008990993,0.0001116241,0.00003286167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002052405,0.0001429578,0.00003924021,0.0002060245,0.0001047818,0.0001191743,0.0000324028,0.0001980626,0.000005926536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001583284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000692987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001694722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002483811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989017,0.0001187267,0.0001879966,0.000316893,0.00008422798,0.0003904378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994107,0.0003118606,0.00006014399,0.0001228769,0.000005418736,0.00008899251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001194112,0.000007175697,0.9960703,0.0001721588,0.00002229685,0.00009766955,0.0001318229,0.00002682293,0.001276858,0.0001608213,0.00001974315,0.001894981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001469536,0.0003767782,0.9917625,0.0001662972,0.00004973308,0.00004649962,0.0002138405,0.004115311,0.0003371236,0.0001181209,0.0009305365,0.0004137091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968489,0.0008897422,0.00000297355,0.0002427509,0.0004862274,0.0002102171,0.00001106273,0.00003747256,0.001270609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987027,0.0002116406,0.00003563706,0.0009206382,0.00009247428,0.000002005701,0.0000190826,0.000003938649,0.00001185931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004307725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5829651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4321216814","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10316","title":"Blooms also like it cold","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Queen's University; Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks","funders":"European Social Fund; Office for Coastal Management; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; European Regional Development Fund; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network; Vetenskapsrådet; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Abiotic component; Algal bloom; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Freshwater ecosystem; Climate change; Eutrophication; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecology; Oceanography; Biology; Phytoplankton; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Kaitlin L. Reinl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ted D. Harris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rebecca L. North","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pablo Almela","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stella A. Berger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mina Bižić","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah H. Burnet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans‐Peter Grossart","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bastiaan W. Ibelings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ellinor Jakobsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lesley B. Knoll","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brenda Moraska Lafrançois","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yvonne McElarney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana M. Morales‐Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ulrike Obertegger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Igor Ogashawara","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ma. Cristina Paule‐Mercado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin L. Peierls","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Siddhartha Sarkar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sapna Sharma","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jessica V. Trout‐Haney","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pablo Urrutia‐Cordero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason J. Venkiteswaran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danielle Wain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katelynn E. Warner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kiyoko Yokota","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006770321529991431,"gpt":0.1984734001573602,"spread":0.1917030786273688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001697773,0.0001281184,0.0001500055,0.00009408389,0.0001457621,0.00001778235,0.0001484314,0.0001018773,0.0002089846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005801887,0.0001172281,0.00006370015,0.0004438051,0.000288015,0.00008192072,0.0001095286,0.0001347324,0.0005258343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008806378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001872422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003033154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001045579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990757,0.00004519183,0.0001615868,0.0002768787,0.0001109921,0.0003297147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995875,0.0000826371,0.00005399075,0.0001950429,0.00000183396,0.00007895836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000989018,0.00001999326,0.9084707,0.00001685047,0.00004854269,0.0000711675,0.0004105371,0.0001984467,0.00689901,0.001839564,0.0814398,0.0005754412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001239814,0.0002548754,0.6061954,0.00004896468,0.00008912304,0.00008817996,0.000519546,0.004577877,0.0007342791,0.001877415,0.383466,0.0009085644],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908288,0.00004888125,0.000141369,0.006263986,0.0003220738,0.0001187587,0.00001035693,0.0001242677,0.002141475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910327,0.00009351817,0.0002110087,0.008253427,0.00003169761,0.00001092807,0.00001280425,0.00001173423,0.0003422436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3022754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6758711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2551716445","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10030","title":"The role of microbial exopolymers in determining the fate of oil and chemical dispersants in the ocean","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative","keywords":"Dispersant; Marine snow; Environmental science; Extracellular polymeric substance; Biofouling; Sedimentation; Oil droplet; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Dispersion (optics); Oceanography; Water column; Sediment; Biofilm; Geology; Bacteria; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Antonietta Quigg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Uta Passow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wei‐Chun Chin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chen Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shawn M. Doyle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Bretherton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manoj Kamalanathan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alicia K. Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jason B. Sylvan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zoe V. Finkel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony H. Knap","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kathleen A. Schwehr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Saijin Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luni Sun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Terry L. Wade","is_ca":false},{"name":"Wassim Obeid","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrick G. Hatcher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter H. Santschi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002769024275593389,"gpt":0.1734058259502099,"spread":0.1706368016746165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001871021,0.00006082886,0.00007007367,0.00003814703,0.0000670388,0.000005424118,0.0001268028,0.00004257616,0.000006572507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001767132,0.00002720271,0.00002892322,0.0001390098,0.001129266,0.00005468152,0.00004448619,0.00007814822,6.47076e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000542831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001218716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003520665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000990421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994723,0.00008397195,0.0001357437,0.000113629,0.00005909483,0.0001352148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996736,0.0001598404,0.00005814678,0.0000941086,0.000001591525,0.00001270603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003107583,0.00001242102,0.713235,0.000001950651,0.000004854523,5.114677e-7,0.001135953,5.221039e-7,0.2309849,0.00004052407,0.00002905954,0.05452325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000754845,0.00004821811,0.9245136,0.00002469849,0.00001038112,0.000007966455,0.001327,0.00002268156,0.07225051,0.0002140246,0.0007435985,0.00008241495],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963294,0.0001032225,0.000001727553,0.003275616,0.00003339067,0.00003176474,0.000001756509,0.000002876587,0.0002202819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992219,0.0001934871,0.00001103559,0.0005582686,0.000006259619,0.000001731314,2.926719e-7,0.000002555839,0.000004452585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2112786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4160826,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005923445","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10135","title":"Paired O<sub>2</sub>–CO<sub>2</sub> measurements provide emergent insights into aquatic ecosystem function","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Queen's University; Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; University of Saskatchewan; Université de Montréal; University of Lethbridge","funders":"Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la nature et des Parcs; Kempestiftelserna; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Vetenskapsrådet; National Science Foundation; Eesti Teadusagentuur; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Wetland; Ecology; Computer science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Dominic Vachon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Steven Sadro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew J. Bogard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Lapierre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Helen M. Baulch","is_ca":true},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Blaize A. Denfeld","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alo Laas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marcus Klaus","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Karlsson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul A. del Giorgio","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01648699130722264,"gpt":0.1789652122445494,"spread":0.1624782209373268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000342798,0.000395317,0.0004554431,0.0003161315,0.0004046656,0.00008515963,0.0002570853,0.0002380186,0.00004312029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004692434,0.0003475217,0.0002066861,0.000650478,0.0001216367,0.000387801,0.00003994903,0.0003776935,0.0003067688],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000894565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004144668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001264485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004257106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972556,0.0004869473,0.0005821269,0.0007220588,0.0003942969,0.0005589902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989881,0.0001047227,0.0002423338,0.0002683692,0.00003955186,0.0003569237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005038834,0.00006878345,0.7754718,0.0005481975,0.0006213193,0.00008541718,0.001466755,0.0002532884,0.1183212,0.00003611398,0.008942067,0.09368112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007316885,0.00798699,0.6175151,0.0005193768,0.001243435,0.0001619225,0.003192027,0.03083332,0.2583773,0.002299379,0.06586531,0.004688975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936886,0.001156607,0.0006325416,0.002393529,0.0008155758,0.0006357061,0.00001830779,0.0001964863,0.000462666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934533,0.0002923342,0.00004586358,0.005690838,0.0002930677,0.00001854793,0.0001899913,0.00001408817,0.000002025838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1579567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985426347","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10122","title":"Microplastic occurrence and effects in commercially harvested North American finfish and shellfish: Current knowledge and future directions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University; Oregon State University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Microplastics; Fishery; Shellfish; Plastic pollution; Environmental science; Pollutant; Marine debris; Population; Environmental protection; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Geography; Ecology; Aquatic animal; Biology; Environmental health; Debris","authors":[{"name":"Britta R. Baechler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cheyenne Stienbarger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorothy A. Horn","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jincy Joseph","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison R. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elise F. Granek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susanne M. Brander","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003382555126826762,"gpt":0.1916795449918342,"spread":0.1882969898650075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007000835,0.0001864678,0.0002223591,0.0001593138,0.0001428704,0.00003726518,0.00006053007,0.00005827609,0.00001298982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001489227,0.0001740881,0.00002113836,0.0003589657,0.0007553142,0.0001132725,0.000120339,0.000270152,0.000009494849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001218289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005110963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005370861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001670163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990355,0.00008921542,0.0001482771,0.0003902968,0.00005325953,0.0002834621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994437,0.0002744546,0.00006593226,0.00009816542,0.000003958415,0.0001137876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003012363,0.00004039049,0.9628002,0.00005098404,0.00001256368,0.000003153491,0.0004521217,0.000003432022,0.001043329,0.00003039894,0.00109866,0.03443466],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005079822,0.0001445364,0.9687191,0.00002937735,0.00002938336,0.00002776331,0.00002728641,0.0002079062,0.0000183287,0.00001501398,0.0300789,0.0001944321],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965673,0.00183863,0.00009851817,0.0005080363,0.0006863553,0.0001937948,0.00004390769,0.00002010089,0.00004334253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995733,0.003507294,0.0001585843,0.0005152884,0.00005619368,0.00000534157,0.00001425833,0.000006239811,0.000003814544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03424023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7099105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4249734173","doi":"10.1002/(issn)2378-2242","title":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"paratext","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Coastal and Marine Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Office of International Science and Engineering; Office of Polar Programs; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Michigan Technological University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; European Commission; North Pacific Research Board; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation; Bowling Green State University; University of Minnesota Duluth; University of Windsor; U.S. Geological Survey; Trent University; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; University of Minnesota","keywords":"Limnology; Oceanography; Geology; Environmental science","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005026244138155039,"gpt":0.1907620718958949,"spread":0.1857358277577399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002372479,0.000829161,0.0007667341,0.000731367,0.0004778739,0.0001089021,0.0005982342,0.0005506963,0.002917695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001145461,0.0007755791,0.0003032578,0.0006725281,0.003844339,0.0002334231,0.003645477,0.0007753056,0.001598399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000355552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006718825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001400617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001387662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964001,0.0001977768,0.0005150362,0.00148669,0.0002973343,0.00110307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986458,0.0001074691,0.0002995422,0.0006736142,0.00001109701,0.0002624149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001168584,0.00008957993,0.05193766,0.0001344937,0.0004297,0.0000828811,0.0003132685,0.00001180717,0.001309135,0.0001337141,0.9340516,0.0113893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001095775,0.0005223554,0.04868517,0.00007096244,0.0003090043,0.0001195407,0.0001148052,0.00001801968,0.0001380578,0.0006020513,0.9470154,0.001308871],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9010331,0.002005537,0.0006345228,0.02238706,0.003605666,0.0008854614,0.0001070408,0.0002032981,0.06913832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7488065,0.02795317,0.00468006,0.1745009,0.002907144,0.0003025614,0.001282578,0.0004950383,0.03907203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1522266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992918536","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10132","title":"Ultra‐small and abundant: Candidate phyla radiation bacteria are potential catalysts of carbon transformation in a thermokarst lake ecosystem","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Université Laval","keywords":"Thermokarst; Permafrost; Metagenomics; Phylum; Thaumarchaeota; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Microbial population biology; Archaea; Subarctic climate; Haloarchaea; Biology; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental science; Bacteria; Chemistry; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Adrien Vigneron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Perrine Cruaud","is_ca":true},{"name":"Valérie Langlois","is_ca":true},{"name":"Connie Lovejoy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alexander I. Culley","is_ca":true},{"name":"Warwick F. Vincent","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002641443372204014,"gpt":0.1598340191026237,"spread":0.1571925757304197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001591506,0.0001281446,0.0002074195,0.00014134,0.00004105051,0.00001162354,0.00007348932,0.0001220222,0.00004605488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001391653,0.0001090936,0.00004008181,0.0001966868,0.000113974,0.0001172634,0.0000162531,0.0001343729,0.000004676992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000011655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002334652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001143922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007787336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991667,0.00009478648,0.0002391056,0.0002247352,0.00007296388,0.000201732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99968,0.0000206826,0.000137053,0.0001155376,0.000002707931,0.00004400147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000117521,0.00003629407,0.8036342,0.0001080845,0.00005905671,0.000008446381,0.003320794,0.0004819842,0.1911746,0.0000220268,0.000008373541,0.001028649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001634553,0.0001331781,0.9880289,0.00006284913,0.00004853383,0.00003467453,0.0003295295,0.001115561,0.008027987,0.00006918625,0.0002676299,0.0002474211],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985045,0.0001830444,0.00001090072,0.0004582699,0.0001516492,0.0002543545,0.00002188167,0.00001265419,0.000402739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994732,0.0002809684,0.00001846749,0.0001640251,0.00001060698,0.000004203009,0.00003504379,0.000007690242,0.00000579474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1843947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.444871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2755404877","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10048","title":"Ice duration drives winter nitrate accumulation in north temperate lakes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Temperate climate; Biogeochemical cycle; Nitrate; Environmental science; Nitrogen; Nitrogen cycle; Nitrification; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Stephen M. Powers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Labou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Helen M. Baulch","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall J. Hunt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noah R. Lottig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie E. Hampton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily H. Stanley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01465113443107109,"gpt":0.2162048601686189,"spread":0.2015537257375478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001116697,0.0001102097,0.0001308169,0.0001560568,0.0003118991,0.0001357338,0.0001464078,0.00006388532,0.00007444373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001513847,0.00009337474,0.00003798848,0.00008481488,0.000138848,0.0005158319,0.00001509858,0.0001279959,0.00002064393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.876872e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005571778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005476136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05917982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992741,0.0000661107,0.0001799734,0.0002166342,0.00006081014,0.0002023368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996172,0.00003600428,0.0001109009,0.0001796706,0.00001335906,0.00004283589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003975399,0.000005062482,0.9953774,0.00001233525,0.00001534042,0.00001520509,0.0002026748,0.0000781059,0.0001617641,0.00002747453,0.0000794824,0.003985356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002814422,0.00004408409,0.9972442,0.00001062857,0.000006908218,0.000008763217,0.00007201071,0.001589968,0.00006200949,0.00009653743,0.0004675643,0.0001158395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959392,0.00007683873,0.00003325834,0.001923609,0.0002363531,0.00009986003,0.00001306206,0.00002401126,0.001653785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988119,0.00007588339,0.00004742616,0.0008838371,0.00007449784,0.000001127143,0.00006645107,0.000002094152,0.0000367789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0586322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9579877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4396955416","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10390","title":"Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Australian Research Council; Vetenskapsrådet; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Submarine groundwater discharge; Nutrient; Estuary; Groundwater; Eutrophication; Environmental science; Biogeochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Salinity; Seawater; Phosphorus; Oceanography; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Geology; Aquifer","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie J. Wilson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy Moody","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tristan McKenzie","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Bayani Cardenas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elco Luijendijk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Audrey H. Sawyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alicia M. Wilson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Holly A. Michael","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bochao Xu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen L. Knee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hyung‐Mi Cho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yishai Weinstein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adina Paytan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nils Moosdorf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chen‐Tung Aurthur Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mélanie Beck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cody V. Lopez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dorina Murgulet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guebuem Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mathew A. Charette","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hannelore Waska","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Severino P. Ibánhez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gwénaëlle Chaillou","is_ca":true},{"name":"Till Oehler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shin‐ichi Onodera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mitsuyo Saito","is_ca":false},{"name":"Valentí Rodellas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Natasha Dimova","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Montiel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henrietta Dulai","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christina Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jinzhou Du","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Petermann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiaogang Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kay L. Davis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sébastien Lamontagne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryo Sugimoto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guizhi Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hailong Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Américo Iadran Torres","is_ca":false},{"name":"Cansu Demir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily Bristol","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig T. Connolly","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. W. McClelland","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brenno Januario da Silva","is_ca":false},{"name":"Douglas R. Tait","is_ca":false},{"name":"BSK Kumar","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. Viswanadham","is_ca":false},{"name":"V. V. S. S. Sarma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alan M. Shiller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alanna L Lecher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Tamborski","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry Bokuniewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlos Rocha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anja Reckhardt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael E. Böttcher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shan Jiang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Stieglitz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Houégnon Géraud Vinel Gbewezoun","is_ca":false},{"name":"Céline Charbonnier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Anschutz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Hernández‐Terrones","is_ca":false},{"name":"S. Suresh Babu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beata Szymczycha","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahmood Sadat‐Noori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Felipe Niencheski","is_ca":false},{"name":"K. A. Null","is_ca":false},{"name":"Craig Tobias","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bongkeun Song","is_ca":false},{"name":"Iris C. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Isaac R. Santos","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008992614592920299,"gpt":0.1974775312462555,"spread":0.1884849166533352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001786092,0.000210466,0.000158837,0.0001097094,0.0003429218,0.0003219162,0.0002792441,0.00009512416,0.0001627681],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006103006,0.0001334298,0.0001058299,0.0004254229,0.0003126283,0.0001972129,0.00003631772,0.0002002171,0.0001071368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004703249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001107187,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003062052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002628991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998706,0.00005679862,0.0001807408,0.0004222156,0.0001440174,0.0004902654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995525,0.00006890094,0.00001835991,0.000216957,0.00001133983,0.0001318661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000893278,0.00001301393,0.9774553,0.00006624081,0.0001284057,0.0001241003,0.001636037,0.000150009,0.00009843081,0.000667353,0.01428015,0.005291602],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000447964,0.0004854303,0.8518986,0.00009987146,0.0001387911,0.000583969,0.001082297,0.001598357,0.0006482267,0.004834155,0.1374208,0.0007615943],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9791611,0.002042739,0.0008714293,0.01582566,0.0009330381,0.0001529087,0.00004341421,0.0001402208,0.0008295208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936312,0.00006872566,0.0001279998,0.005820163,0.0002322044,0.00000143217,0.00006386032,0.000004265724,0.00005016637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1255568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5441109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210300076","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10239","title":"Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Wilfrid Laurier University; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Toronto Metropolitan University; Université du Québec à Montréal; Queen's University; Ontario Tech University; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation; Vetenskapsrådet; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network; Dartmouth College; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie","keywords":"Mesocosm; Zooplankton; Abundance (ecology); Ecology; Species richness; Soil salinity; Salinity; Crustacean; Cladocera; Biology; Cyclopoida; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Marie‐Pier Hébert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Celia C. Symons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Miguel Cañedo‐Argüelles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shelley E. Arnott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alison M. Derry","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vincent Fugère","is_ca":true},{"name":"William D. Hintz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Melles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis Astorg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Henry K. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer A. Brentrup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy L. Downing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zeynep Ersoy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carmen Espinosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaclyn M. Franceschini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Angelina T. Giorgio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norman Göbeler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derek K. Gray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danielle Greco","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emily Hassal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mercedes Huynh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samuel Hylander","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kacie L. Jonasen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea E. Kirkwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silke Langenheder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ola Langvall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hjalmar Laudon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lovisa Lind","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Lundgren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandra McClymont","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lorenzo Proia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rick A. Relyea","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew S. Schuler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine L. Searle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher F. Steiner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maren Striebel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Thibodeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pablo Urrutia‐Cordero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lídia Vendrell-Puigmitjà","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Beatrix E. Beisner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009450763775597568,"gpt":0.2019073455565141,"spread":0.1924565817809165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001206124,0.0001129408,0.0001732656,0.00005980501,0.0009315917,0.00001096465,0.0001631885,0.0000577148,0.0005144272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005405506,0.0001220395,0.00004178352,0.0001984042,0.001254155,0.0001444459,0.001178894,0.0001270529,0.000005131423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001817103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002233815,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001152482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000337189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991123,0.0001121475,0.0001314942,0.00029242,0.0001064604,0.0002451805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996974,0.00003959636,0.00009793873,0.0001067906,0.00000566273,0.00005253908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008716917,0.00006952287,0.9879589,0.0000115806,0.00005943923,0.00001996975,0.003900341,0.0001449042,0.004503121,0.000064592,0.003079647,0.0001008103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001469502,0.0004036625,0.9852946,0.000005300688,0.00004924694,0.00004537276,0.003229614,0.0001963828,0.004533157,0.0002601061,0.00423922,0.000273806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982726,0.0001272523,0.00004923645,0.00103663,0.0001794721,0.0001222359,0.0000904452,0.00002887791,0.00009327721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974122,0.00006410795,0.0001044177,0.002328533,0.000004256699,0.000004149609,0.00004222287,0.0000043377,0.0000357974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002664274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7165144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2509987291","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10024","title":"A whole‐lake experiment confirms a small centric diatom species as an indicator of changing lake thermal structure","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universiteit Stellenbosch; McGill University","keywords":"Diatom; Paleolimnology; Lake ecosystem; Environmental science; Climate change; Northern Hemisphere; Ecology; Arctic; Hypolimnion; Abundance (ecology); Oceanography; Ecosystem; Physical geography; Geology; Eutrophication; Geography; Climatology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jasmine E. Saros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert M. Northington","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dennis S. Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. John Anderson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0104308158877702,"gpt":0.2063630496617767,"spread":0.1959322337740065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002011216,0.0002029843,0.0003033502,0.0005876656,0.000232245,0.00001609655,0.0002923861,0.0002579652,0.002215029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001813409,0.0001322411,0.00008392653,0.0002936703,0.001233349,0.0001317969,0.00003425851,0.0002302345,0.00004347335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.78996e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002254452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009420794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001527116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983439,0.0002465018,0.0002238983,0.0003962147,0.0001313526,0.0006581303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992338,0.0002253312,0.0001185367,0.0002402982,0.00002046468,0.000161592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001539806,0.00002147899,0.9948334,0.00001763608,0.0001003841,0.00006589891,0.00105453,0.000003133814,0.002358772,0.0003068063,0.00004871219,0.001035239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007503367,0.0003017424,0.9933853,0.00001678565,0.00002473732,0.0000925953,0.0004317513,0.000008547557,0.002680739,0.0002312708,0.001889571,0.0001866457],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994534,0.0009065348,0.00002187437,0.003652694,0.0002367654,0.0001702355,0.0001712578,0.00004192527,0.0002647443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981433,0.000135454,0.0001187416,0.001373827,0.00007627144,0.000002027845,0.0001056347,0.000004515059,0.00004025946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0036093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3036455104","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10164","title":"Effects of lake warming on the seasonal risk of toxic cyanobacteria exposure","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Queen's University; Canada Research Chairs; Queen's University Belfast; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Regina","keywords":"Microcystin; Environmental science; Seasonality; Cyanobacteria; Climate change; Algal bloom; Ecology; Nutrient; Geography; Biology; Phytoplankton","authors":[{"name":"Nicole M. Hayes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Heather A. Haig","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gavin L. Simpson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter R. Leavitt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004152307733760755,"gpt":0.1638162814272592,"spread":0.1596639736934985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001131495,0.0001027146,0.0001753539,0.00002081904,0.00006920815,0.000004022705,0.000140889,0.0000629801,0.00008598299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000338663,0.00006984328,0.0000789296,0.0001552978,0.0002821819,0.00003569287,0.00005672921,0.0001406118,0.000007743625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002758861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000195523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007216692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003676804,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999302,0.0001292816,0.000162423,0.0001652467,0.0001024879,0.0001386133],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993814,0.000302684,0.0001524097,0.0001150814,0.000002470203,0.00004599972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005369153,0.00002632449,0.9703813,0.00006987905,0.00007342902,0.000005179018,0.000869238,0.00008193782,0.02698472,0.0004381576,0.0004590631,0.0005571218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004702364,0.0004423457,0.9855173,0.0000477963,0.00007488407,0.000004443436,0.0001027854,0.0008270192,0.01111411,0.0001660404,0.001088212,0.0001448395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975685,0.00005132454,0.0002333402,0.001735814,0.00007901599,0.0001430775,0.00002768906,0.00001128265,0.000149937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979013,0.00004749526,0.000144612,0.001867646,0.00002452872,0.000003578357,0.000002975356,0.000005692045,0.000002184991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01587061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2848126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2804989478","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10077","title":"Pipes or chimneys? For carbon cycling in small boreal lakes, precipitation matters most","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Miljødirektoratet; Norges Forskningsråd; NordForsk","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Terrigenous sediment; Environmental science; Precipitation; Deposition (geology); Hydrology (agriculture); Carbon cycle; Sediment; Environmental chemistry; Geology; Oceanography; Ecosystem; Ecology; Geomorphology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Heleen A. de Wit","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raoul‐Marie Couture","is_ca":true},{"name":"Leah Jackson‐Blake","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martyn N. Futter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Salar Valinia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kari Austnes","is_ca":false},{"name":"José-Luis Guerrero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yan Lin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01089585380139324,"gpt":0.1995513973711308,"spread":0.1886555435697376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001763998,0.0001405809,0.0001805332,0.0002626173,0.0001186308,0.00003629709,0.0001157914,0.00009649425,0.00003265927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000178583,0.0001134531,0.00004276864,0.0002729246,0.0001719893,0.000100637,0.00001106315,0.0001079842,0.000004046596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001600856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001264295,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001580261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0455097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999034,0.00006191853,0.0002218034,0.0002880329,0.0000518287,0.0003424187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995772,0.0001616432,0.00007329087,0.0001087838,0.00001796053,0.00006115554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000311487,0.00001393608,0.9803728,0.00005680178,0.00003120259,0.00001011309,0.0004922746,0.00001961665,0.0001488977,0.00004250562,0.0005413888,0.01795896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001138334,0.0008398728,0.9854619,0.00005965239,0.00003457475,0.00003296104,0.0004668834,0.005134384,0.0002747308,0.0005981021,0.005606504,0.0003520904],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945769,0.0001160574,0.0001760348,0.00275805,0.0004199532,0.0002604304,0.00003620903,0.00004122411,0.001615145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954246,0.00004993859,0.0005138397,0.003632565,0.0002115367,0.000005873017,0.0001218998,0.000004681254,0.00003502129],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04392944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9719073,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3111916675","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10177","title":"Cascading effects of freshwater salinization on plankton communities in the Sierra Nevada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Environmental Biology; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Plankton; Zooplankton; Phytoplankton; Biomass (ecology); Salinity; Mesocosm; Environmental science; Soil salinity; Ecology; Environmental chemistry; Oceanography; Chemistry; Biology; Ecosystem; Nutrient; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Emma R. Moffett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry K. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christine C. Bonadonna","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Celia C. Symons","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008568366193112987,"gpt":0.1892757771845209,"spread":0.1807074109914079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001002524,0.00007781124,0.0001004393,0.00005561563,0.00007415217,0.00001093212,0.0001232051,0.00005427659,0.00003590275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001401153,0.00005730832,0.00002535651,0.000167071,0.0003500384,0.00008096432,0.00004167574,0.0001135908,0.000007302197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005740916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.549613e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001566888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001937329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993906,0.0001894137,0.0001226785,0.0000989972,0.00007704831,0.0001212712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996737,0.0001552133,0.00004963791,0.0001026867,0.000001268581,0.00001747118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005913376,0.00001402669,0.9713941,0.00002909505,0.00001167214,0.000008228471,0.006500109,0.0001397136,0.02042935,0.00025154,0.0009557588,0.0002072565],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009191498,0.0004375785,0.9650506,0.00005276185,0.00003629909,0.00002686089,0.001599764,0.0002805699,0.0278467,0.0004365289,0.003100796,0.0002123961],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961718,0.00002101854,0.00005302469,0.003385146,0.0001626169,0.0001211831,0.000003594403,0.00001705367,0.00006461645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931717,0.00002367057,0.0001192151,0.006640399,0.00002392105,0.000004322997,0.00001195231,0.000004647105,2.096261e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007417353,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2336965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2952056858","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10110","title":"Headwater lakes and their influence on downstream discharge","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas","keywords":"Downstream (manufacturing); Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Hydrograph; Water quality; Discharge; Drainage basin; STREAMS; Ecology; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jason A. Leach","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hjalmar Laudon","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003016716905642251,"gpt":0.1695313848101626,"spread":0.1665146679045203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008837889,0.0001621148,0.0001546196,0.00007904665,0.0001680142,0.00001358301,0.0001000722,0.00007123988,0.0001187192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003026064,0.000109333,0.00003599678,0.00009133026,0.0006645545,0.0001547359,0.0001623418,0.0001410993,0.0001857986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000423177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":3.699801e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000106853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001427232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991711,0.00004534509,0.00009730921,0.0003455942,0.00005002394,0.0002906485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997128,0.00004878268,0.00003070854,0.0001637567,0.000001289881,0.00004270734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003898978,0.00002365613,0.9924471,0.0000090453,0.00005232467,0.000004224622,0.0006659455,0.00006125397,0.004948003,0.0003123262,0.0009758398,0.0004613324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005265794,0.0002431189,0.9877875,0.00001311558,0.00001722145,0.000009213353,0.0001507454,0.0000361722,0.001135857,0.0009086314,0.008934338,0.0002375072],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886206,0.00006055571,0.00001143213,0.008984976,0.00009159465,0.0001473476,0.000003169469,0.00004434054,0.002036006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879619,0.0001273761,0.00002764138,0.01174563,0.00001087528,0.000007804617,0.000003242014,0.000005786349,0.0001097404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007958498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.445847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3185417069","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10202","title":"Effects of chloride and nutrients on freshwater plankton communities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Algoma University; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Plankton; Nutrient; Zooplankton; Species richness; Context (archaeology); Water quality; Abundance (ecology); Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Danielle Greco","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelley E. Arnott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Isabelle B. Fournier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brandon S. Schamp","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004345998954725286,"gpt":0.1801396809490776,"spread":0.1757936819943524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007063176,0.0001364049,0.0001978252,0.00007435878,0.0001917036,0.000007234661,0.00009525501,0.0001538268,0.0002708231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000864198,0.0001265482,0.00004270418,0.0001113767,0.001250874,0.00007523538,0.000198936,0.0002152543,0.00001724788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001057048,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001186487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001162218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001066721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992012,0.0001363422,0.000138075,0.000210578,0.00006848876,0.0002452525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994876,0.0002457432,0.00005236547,0.0001555095,0.00000129828,0.00005751174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001711946,0.0002337004,0.9050233,0.00004749696,0.00007911626,0.00009926646,0.0008582278,0.00002602611,0.09142157,0.0002660795,0.001413403,0.0003605588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001182926,0.0004587422,0.5975481,0.00002733673,0.00004717528,0.00007194815,0.0002739897,0.00001589782,0.3941456,0.0007135296,0.005309158,0.0002055757],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978566,0.0001929622,0.0000145185,0.0009994711,0.0001602963,0.0001029613,0.000008530801,0.00001702769,0.0006476967],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929186,0.0004850148,0.0001687251,0.006313021,0.00001300751,0.00001101994,0.00001251356,0.000007526944,0.00007057309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3074752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5160486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2803277854","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10086","title":"Vegetation transitions drive the autotrophy–heterotrophy balance in Arctic lakes","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"University of California, Irvine; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Environmental science; Autotroph; Dissolved organic carbon; Tundra; Vegetation (pathology); Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Arctic; Oceanography; Biology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Suzanne McGowan","is_ca":false},{"name":"N. John Anderson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary E. Edwards","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma Hopla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Viv Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter G. Langdon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Antonia Law","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nadia Solovieva","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maarten van Hardenbroek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erika Whiteford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma Wiik","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007762162702444199,"gpt":0.2063026701557713,"spread":0.1985405074533271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001824657,0.0001216614,0.0001520648,0.0002425701,0.0003899309,0.00002052455,0.0001807144,0.0001304492,0.0001465098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001786491,0.00008716636,0.00005578459,0.0003814164,0.001911874,0.0001236468,0.00000754742,0.0003558745,0.0001069857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.950735e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001063478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004065516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003096395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987972,0.0002947364,0.0001590849,0.0002681168,0.00008051941,0.0004002813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995029,0.0002187445,0.00004023488,0.0001628505,0.00002532238,0.0000499362],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006367474,0.00001025124,0.9980957,0.0000136917,0.00002997702,0.00002996324,0.0008811671,0.00007196995,0.00009036396,0.0003657753,0.00004951167,0.0002979732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003389439,0.0001966333,0.9958296,0.00001416619,0.00001462807,0.00008295917,0.00009573878,0.001396241,0.00003015113,0.001726302,0.0001749083,0.00009973329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843905,0.0007017722,0.0001183843,0.01378106,0.0002508359,0.0001505492,0.000005792298,0.00003054082,0.0005705914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956669,0.0001108501,0.0002123585,0.003893506,0.00007676999,0.000004383543,0.00002574007,0.00000215904,0.000007312824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01127645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.704438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898738554","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10093","title":"Wind and trophic status explain within and among‐lake variability of algal biomass","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; European Regional Development Fund; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Business Finland; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; Tekes; Sight Research UK; National Science Foundation; Eesti Teadusagentuur; Helsingin Yliopisto; University of Michigan","keywords":"Trophic level; Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Ecology; Oceanography; Trophic state index; Eutrophication; Biology; Nutrient; Geology","authors":[{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew J. Tanentzap","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer L. Klug","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin C. Rose","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan P. Hendricks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eleanor Jennings","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alo Laas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald C. Pierson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth Ryder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robyn L. Smyth","is_ca":false},{"name":"David S. White","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luke Winslow","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rita Adrian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Лаури Арвола","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elvira de Eyto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Heidrun Feuchtmayr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Márk Honti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vera Istvánovics","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian D. Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chris McBride","is_ca":false},{"name":"Silke R. Schmidt","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Seekell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter A. Stæhr","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guangwei Zhu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004351147968832499,"gpt":0.1845532637443963,"spread":0.1802021157755638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003303126,0.0001443288,0.0002169732,0.00006923017,0.0001371641,0.00001407887,0.00007326293,0.0001238556,0.0000759476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002154145,0.0001238224,0.00002897711,0.0001631325,0.002092705,0.0001203242,0.0001004654,0.0001132512,0.000002465211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006592843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003513334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001194955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006429401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989576,0.0001223067,0.0002381346,0.0003359852,0.00009110197,0.0002548128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994736,0.000102182,0.0001239148,0.0001875596,0.000005461016,0.0001073207],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003733637,0.00002006345,0.9949688,0.00002981731,0.00003260026,0.00000400062,0.0009471825,0.000002536377,0.003191048,0.0003618386,0.0001085039,0.0002962808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004307957,0.0002356029,0.9962681,0.00001441467,0.00002785067,0.0000211929,0.0001091913,0.0009290955,0.0002408363,0.001137208,0.0004331271,0.0001525732],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998715,0.00006089016,0.0002971091,0.0003070692,0.0001289821,0.0001473199,0.00003453066,0.00001732946,0.0002917594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987333,0.00003037156,0.0008769974,0.0003100168,0.00002709341,0.000002283032,0.000006275593,0.000007105598,0.000006500872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002950212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7710658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210907705","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10229","title":"Effects of freshwater salinization on a salt‐naïve planktonic eukaryote community","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Plankton; Phytoplankton; Salinity; Chlorophyta; Zooplankton; Chloride; Soil salinity; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Algae; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Louis Astorg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Christophe Gagnon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cassandre Sara Lazar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alison M. Derry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005391918035934118,"gpt":0.1753606507196424,"spread":0.1699687326837083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001451783,0.0001247712,0.0001486557,0.00009389929,0.000677747,0.00000402475,0.0002182598,0.0000431994,0.0002027625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009450066,0.0001237083,0.000059424,0.0001860976,0.000720939,0.00005965398,0.0005748057,0.0003535654,0.00002483049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004531378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.498406e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009054763,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002288313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989921,0.0003254799,0.0001221646,0.0001914262,0.0001712994,0.0001975258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999525,0.0001823723,0.00007887599,0.0001790984,9.952782e-7,0.00003370126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008223707,0.0001725328,0.9768423,0.00002096629,0.00006340691,0.00001363144,0.001729112,0.0002903195,0.01485892,0.00003024843,0.005692083,0.0002042089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005766902,0.0005122968,0.9885004,0.000005958013,0.0000401009,0.000006091757,0.0003153208,0.00001314103,0.007627627,0.0001551197,0.002101182,0.0001460272],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998408,0.00009869658,0.00002107638,0.0009161055,0.0001414997,0.0001738787,0.00004265957,0.00003178473,0.0001663276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949533,0.00008042975,0.0004351427,0.004462515,0.000006341256,0.00001081768,0.0000281073,0.000006792265,0.00001655656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01165811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.521275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387777535","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10360","title":"Hydrology, rather than wildfire burn extent, determines post‐fire organic and black carbon export from mountain rivers in central coastal California","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Environmental science; Watershed; Dissolved organic carbon; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecosystem; Total organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; Aquatic ecosystem; Fire regime; Particulates; Ecology; Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Geology; Nutrient","authors":[{"name":"Riley Barton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christina Richardson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Evelyn Pae","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maya Montalvo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Redmond","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret Zimmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sasha Wagner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003656242350773675,"gpt":0.1763230795616383,"spread":0.1726668372108646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001824495,0.0002891438,0.0003205507,0.0001794133,0.0001150912,0.00002525746,0.000196613,0.0002254454,0.00005487157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002006464,0.0002716253,0.00006869412,0.0004551639,0.0009186679,0.0001491732,0.0002092989,0.0002639787,0.00005447196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003587654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005853785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00252603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003766138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998119,0.000184145,0.0002667135,0.0006135856,0.0001446813,0.0006718798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993914,0.0001204521,0.0001004463,0.0002441718,0.00000255947,0.0001410193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006982828,0.00002895183,0.9551622,0.00001073534,0.00004177221,0.0003122037,0.001146436,0.0000159182,0.04208915,0.000001152854,0.0003048489,0.0008168485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009006622,0.0001524545,0.9929144,0.000023662,0.00003318226,0.00004443682,0.0003998227,0.004243131,0.0005042574,0.00008723394,0.0003922166,0.0003044764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968125,0.0001160933,0.000004389791,0.002299729,0.0002313787,0.0003076513,0.00006267629,0.0001236655,0.00004187308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983386,0.0001361985,0.00003170638,0.00132,0.00005303312,0.00001183496,0.00006061936,0.00002998621,0.0000180201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04158489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4287958306","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10272","title":"Causes and consequences of recent degradation of the Magdalena River basin, Colombia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Stockholms Universitet; Vetenskapsrådet; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Drainage basin; Biodiversity; Deforestation (computer science); Climate change; Geography; Ecosystem; Ecology; Population; Environmental science; Aquatic ecosystem; Environmental degradation; Water resource management; Environmental protection; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jorge Salgado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":false},{"name":"María I. Vélez","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrés Link","is_ca":false},{"name":"Laura Lopera‐Congote","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catalina González","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fernando Jaramillo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Imenne Åhlén","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009454502843106453,"gpt":0.1904755845341179,"spread":0.1810210816910115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001258627,0.00005985526,0.0001056478,0.00004491586,0.0002762589,0.000001619928,0.000102395,0.00002298658,0.0002727646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001355312,0.00004691722,0.00002508497,0.000190088,0.002339363,0.00004909065,0.0002986048,0.00008021731,4.746157e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000754236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002106559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004824431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001194294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994491,0.0001184566,0.0001129723,0.0001397505,0.00007570226,0.0001040252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997405,0.00005626314,0.0001014981,0.00008770295,0.00000329816,0.00001078264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000240741,0.00002806227,0.9821087,0.000009280424,0.00004782958,0.000001627217,0.0003579966,0.00001688622,0.00216312,0.0004274497,0.01451064,0.0003043781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001978151,0.00009415796,0.9906963,0.000001931201,0.00004131121,0.000005921613,0.0003851216,0.000002395406,0.001271363,0.0006958261,0.006556382,0.00005149955],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844275,0.00009834107,0.000006354988,0.01471713,0.0001208807,0.0001272171,0.000009921941,0.000006875413,0.0004857677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949614,0.0005778733,0.0001070178,0.004288001,0.000001882974,0.00001001304,0.00000164145,0.000001992873,0.00005013457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01053394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8619479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313494228","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10307","title":"Documenting the impacts of increasing salinity in freshwater and coastal ecosystems: Introduction to the special issue","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network","keywords":"Salinity; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Freshwater ecosystem; Oceanography; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie Melles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Miguel Cañedo‐Argüelles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison M. Derry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00454928758219793,"gpt":0.2024916960872061,"spread":0.1979424085050082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006986283,0.00008109134,0.0001069017,0.0001125911,0.0001604516,0.00003036146,0.00008610698,0.00004364345,0.00008579934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004555935,0.00005168296,0.00002304309,0.0003594045,0.0003414139,0.0001251465,0.0001605776,0.00009189972,0.00002498594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009573994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000145264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009247989,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00733686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999155,0.0001994099,0.0001794192,0.0001842454,0.00008538416,0.0001965105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997018,0.00007496145,0.00006464885,0.0001299805,0.000002750901,0.00002586268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000060824,0.000004403696,0.957561,0.000008813089,0.00001268087,0.00000224278,0.001439871,0.00004225532,0.0327531,0.00002101071,0.00753314,0.0005606937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002218068,0.00003965792,0.9745893,0.00001209378,0.0000141502,0.0000548785,0.0007603126,0.00004151564,0.00409263,0.0001571824,0.01993543,0.00008098293],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839461,0.000008785426,0.000004446335,0.0150371,0.0007662778,0.0001748747,0.000008678363,0.00002003131,0.00003366731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984168,0.0000217287,0.00007535638,0.0004648684,0.001003307,0.000004809183,0.00000575272,0.000005054123,0.000002371198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02866047,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.409414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323042930","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10318","title":"Widespread synchrony in phosphorus concentrations in northern lakes linked to winter temperature and summer precipitation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; International Institute for Sustainable Development; University of Toronto","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Norsk Institutt for Vannforskning; Vetenskapsrådet; Parkinson’s Disease Foundation of India; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning; Suomen Ympäristökeskus; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","keywords":"Precipitation; Latitude; Environmental science; Climate change; Phosphorus; Physical geography; Nutrient; Climatology; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Peter D. F. Isles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Irena F. Creed","is_ca":true},{"name":"Dag O. Hessen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pirkko Kortelainen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Paterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francesco Pomati","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jussi Vuorenmaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ann‐Kristin Bergström","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006229493445918124,"gpt":0.2111980321686018,"spread":0.2049685387226837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001362592,0.0001110688,0.0001385929,0.0001362705,0.00006277501,0.00002171536,0.00006869697,0.0001011091,0.00001748078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000189524,0.0001036997,0.00002166838,0.0004737716,0.000137274,0.0001134182,0.00004422602,0.000150975,0.00002767912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002339409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003448056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001181509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01796256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999195,0.00005914739,0.0001825514,0.0002625202,0.00006614636,0.0002346206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997019,0.0001071245,0.00003345447,0.0001012355,0.000002993492,0.00005326014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000192682,0.00001347879,0.9917161,0.000008066863,0.000008255933,0.00001247006,0.002071653,0.0006478367,0.004225144,0.00007375991,0.0007124874,0.0004914319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003260455,0.0000485362,0.9974702,0.00004359526,0.000004851371,0.000004124722,0.000358856,0.0008081894,0.00005788177,0.0001337148,0.0006192352,0.0001247591],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996161,0.00009782088,0.00002769213,0.003183252,0.0001336659,0.0002563794,0.00001386325,0.00002797828,0.00009830504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984522,0.00008215247,0.0001008335,0.001268471,0.00001395675,0.0000242007,0.00002388664,0.000007517432,0.00002680487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01784441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026300521","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10158","title":"Interactive effects of iron and temperature on the growth of <scp><i>Fragilariopsis cylindrus</i></scp>","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Simons Foundation","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Global warming; Environmental science; Ecology; Growth rate; Ecosystem; Climate change; Biology; Chemistry; Oceanography; Nutrient; Geology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Loay J. Jabre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin M. Bertrand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003862799095242678,"gpt":0.1570804719443677,"spread":0.1532176728491251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007813505,0.000131552,0.0002260713,0.00008946211,0.00007665037,0.00001485632,0.0001268696,0.000087003,0.00001532151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008552537,0.00008504341,0.00006707741,0.0002348919,0.0002407564,0.00008069963,0.00002527124,0.0002527246,0.000002277538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":3.696311e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005434679,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001313656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007187766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992568,0.0001250628,0.0001561014,0.0002094245,0.00009213371,0.000160417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989441,0.000765249,0.0001108261,0.00009575378,0.00001854522,0.0000655338],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008517495,0.00002032519,0.9877126,0.000342507,0.0001394987,0.00002441458,0.002114751,0.00001011478,0.005211642,0.0003936283,0.002220633,0.00172469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005649705,0.001116154,0.9821014,0.00008383107,0.00007346825,0.00001856212,0.0008768713,0.0001847243,0.01369842,0.0002065388,0.0009785044,0.00009658631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941713,0.0005115528,0.000004699437,0.003956886,0.000117654,0.0001543659,0.00003060687,0.00001323135,0.001039756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993919,0.0001702144,0.00002469028,0.005819568,0.00004382116,9.789351e-7,0.00001326315,0.000002705993,0.000005722543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008486775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3467969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400736129","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10422","title":"Seasonal patterns of microbial diversity across the world oceans","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Australian Government; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Sight Research UK; Ocean Frontier Institute; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Geography; Ecology; Oceanography; Environmental science; Biology; Earth science; Geology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Eric J. Raes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shannon Myles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liam MacNeil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthias Wietz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christina Bienhold","is_ca":false},{"name":"Karen Tait","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul J. Somerfield","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew Bissett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jodie van de Kamp","is_ca":false},{"name":"Josep M. Gasol","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ramón Massana","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yi‐Chun Yeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jed A. Fuhrman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julie LaRoche","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007772811500707684,"gpt":0.2157873887242641,"spread":0.2080145772235564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000215496,0.0001269722,0.0001480597,0.00005425188,0.0005704742,0.00001459637,0.0003646824,0.00009533986,0.00100714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004503144,0.00009559833,0.0001185,0.000271122,0.001257847,0.00009463759,0.0008812126,0.0004160888,0.00003932087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001158842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003178161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001333811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00170193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990982,0.0001901305,0.0001283838,0.0002290363,0.0000547296,0.0002995169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994801,0.0002369823,0.00003803113,0.0002047388,0.000003287546,0.00003686863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006694612,0.00004580756,0.9486824,0.00003177461,0.0001232576,0.00002064863,0.003200091,0.00002687173,0.01940428,0.0005365193,0.02676767,0.001093749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002856161,0.00009559887,0.9569726,0.00002301479,0.00006126829,0.00004561326,0.0002742655,0.00004304453,0.001103245,0.0007393109,0.0401455,0.000210952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993786,0.0001686969,0.00007010648,0.005176657,0.0003484059,0.00008707934,0.00006822326,0.00003914632,0.0002556481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951745,0.00007224029,0.00003901057,0.004533712,0.00003839778,0.000001407161,0.00001857814,0.000005937201,0.0001161721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01830103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293215816","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10277","title":"Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community‐level salt tolerance","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Wilfrid Laurier University; Ontario Tech University; McGill University; Queen's University; Université du Québec à Montréal; Occupational Cancer Research Centre; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Linnéuniversitetet; University of Toledo; Queen's University; European Commission; National Science Foundation; Ohio Wesleyan University; Vetenskapsrådet; Umeå Universitet; Generalitat de Catalunya; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Uppsala Universitet; Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network; Ministry of Environment; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie; University of Toledo Foundation","keywords":"Intraspecific competition; Zooplankton; Mesocosm; Salinity; Variation (astronomy); Biology; Biodiversity; Ecology; Ecosystem","authors":[{"name":"Shelley E. Arnott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vincent Fugère","is_ca":true},{"name":"Celia C. Symons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephanie Melles","is_ca":true},{"name":"Beatrix E. Beisner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Miguel Cañedo‐Argüelles","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marie‐Pier Hébert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jennifer A. Brentrup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy L. Downing","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derek K. Gray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danielle Greco","is_ca":true},{"name":"William D. Hintz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexandra McClymont","is_ca":true},{"name":"Rick A. Relyea","is_ca":false},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Catherine L. Searle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Louis Astorg","is_ca":true},{"name":"Henry K. Baker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zeynep Ersoy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carmen Espinosa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jaclyn M. Franceschini","is_ca":true},{"name":"Angelina T. Giorgio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Norman Göbeler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily Hassal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mercedes Huynh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Samuel Hylander","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kacie L. Jonasen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea E. Kirkwood","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silke Langenheder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ola Langvall","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hjalmar Laudon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lovisa Lind","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Lundgren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emma R. Moffett","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lorenzo Proia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew S. Schuler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jonathan B. Shurin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher F. Steiner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maren Striebel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Thibodeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pablo Urrutia‐Cordero","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lídia Vendrell-Puigmitjà","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison M. Derry","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0142910462811149,"gpt":0.2016363441833222,"spread":0.1873452979022073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008926035,0.0001433093,0.0002191137,0.00009673906,0.0007522318,0.000009204284,0.00038545,0.00005595989,0.0002358298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003710907,0.0001152603,0.00004784636,0.0003653988,0.001242825,0.000161267,0.0005063437,0.0005171468,0.000002656614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003552404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003575123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002545835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003869849,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998412,0.0005995508,0.0003474132,0.0002297239,0.0001544043,0.0002569266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992226,0.0002771828,0.0001782849,0.0002970308,0.000005438708,0.00001942318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001567226,0.0002290845,0.9664465,0.00002267388,0.00005106871,0.000004142522,0.01199882,0.002788672,0.005273277,0.0002571649,0.0126765,0.00009541454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004588292,0.0001658894,0.9940464,0.000007187533,0.00002185307,0.000004448365,0.001146062,0.000158448,0.0009633866,0.001059102,0.001850441,0.0001179385],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907652,0.00007768592,0.0000953492,0.007897275,0.0003637812,0.0002842844,0.00004827397,0.00002934823,0.000438847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935966,0.00005828293,0.0003888699,0.005803372,0.000015136,0.00006423626,0.00001334578,0.000005919672,0.00005427854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02759995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5785635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3209431077","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10218","title":"A case for addressing the unresolved role of permeable shelf sediments in ocean denitrification","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island; MIT Sea Grant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Ocean Frontier Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Continental shelf; Oceanography; Nitrogen cycle; Environmental science; Denitrification; Nitrogen; Productivity; Earth science; Geology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Emily J. Chua","is_ca":false},{"name":"Markus Huettel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katja Fennel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robinson W. Fulweiler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02118006699509424,"gpt":0.2145412206010857,"spread":0.1933611536059915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001723576,0.00007778995,0.000128814,0.0001054971,0.0001399742,0.00002419067,0.00007734597,0.00005661807,0.00004678026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001757586,0.00005900246,0.00005449065,0.0002496314,0.00009493303,0.00008798301,0.00001144954,0.00009221347,0.000001032155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.618598e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000162338,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003618072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001868877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993064,0.000089317,0.0001810383,0.0001769074,0.00005709973,0.0001892639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995946,0.0001593426,0.00006456774,0.0001274789,0.00002345354,0.00003055801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006954202,0.00002013329,0.9900993,0.00004680889,0.00004089115,0.0001281141,0.0005843276,0.0001140269,0.0009821706,0.00008201833,0.0003267266,0.007505982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004574316,0.0005499711,0.8965238,0.0001715493,0.0002616147,0.003980669,0.01822911,0.04220807,0.01538856,0.002439018,0.01476102,0.0009122885],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970083,0.001218235,0.0000510961,0.0009946243,0.00009116197,0.0001414689,0.00003548268,0.000009617189,0.0004500341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998893,0.00003701344,0.0002000497,0.0007579554,0.00003181349,0.000001665835,0.00006129177,0.000002088309,0.00001513713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09357544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.240605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292714714","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10278","title":"Interactive effects of increasing chloride concentration and warming on freshwater plankton communities","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Zooplankton; Plankton; Mesocosm; Environmental science; Phytoplankton; Chloride; Aquatic ecosystem; Species richness; Freshwater ecosystem; Water quality; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Ecosystem; Oceanography; Chemistry; Biology; Nutrient; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Alexandra McClymont","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shelley E. Arnott","is_ca":true},{"name":"James A. Rusak","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004376840471472624,"gpt":0.1849601255714029,"spread":0.1805832850999303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000118165,0.0000824435,0.0001088333,0.00005504109,0.0002575757,0.00001113532,0.00005975947,0.00002679875,0.0000620792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008032865,0.00008114852,0.00002115854,0.00006886628,0.0004221215,0.0001268336,0.0001334403,0.0001346147,0.000001107662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002153584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001112246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003580417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005905219,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993647,0.0002123239,0.0001074548,0.0001150756,0.00007824571,0.0001221976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996148,0.0002040844,0.00007603448,0.00008319862,0.00000168023,0.00002024345],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003565712,0.00001985083,0.884188,0.00001765274,0.00002988538,0.000006908684,0.003002847,0.00005156999,0.1117769,0.00008331751,0.00008196291,0.0003844713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001055589,0.0005630896,0.8050482,0.00004574462,0.00005389251,0.0001696198,0.002204087,0.0001979542,0.1889566,0.0004073283,0.001062918,0.0002350728],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990848,0.00002545512,0.00001651504,0.0003052532,0.0003687885,0.0001156085,0.000009479565,0.00002069318,0.00005346091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989285,0.00001903879,0.0001256935,0.0008806592,0.00001452953,0.00001060602,0.00001514467,0.000005187756,6.302517e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07913988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3309141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3026942742","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10160","title":"Warming advances virus population dynamics in a temperate freshwater plankton community","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; GIESKES-STRIJBIS FONDS; Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universiteit Utrecht; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen","keywords":"Mesocosm; Biology; Ecology; Population; Ecosystem; Temperate climate; Obligate; Global warming; Plankton; Microbial population biology; Nutrient cycle; Climate change; Bacteria","authors":[{"name":"Thijs Frenken","is_ca":true},{"name":"Corina P. D. Brussaard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mandy Velthuis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ralf Aben","is_ca":false},{"name":"Garabet Kazanjian","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sabine Hilt","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarian Kosten","is_ca":false},{"name":"E.T.H.M. Peeters","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susanne Stephan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ellen van Donk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dedmer B. Van de Waal","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008924086837491971,"gpt":0.2154895893935967,"spread":0.2065655025561048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005606841,0.00009947999,0.0001122948,0.00005135395,0.0001833306,0.0000204303,0.00009729978,0.00006171489,0.0001113961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006034817,0.00009295448,0.00003505135,0.0001621881,0.0001473062,0.0002917272,0.00008660364,0.0003336298,0.00001896967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003210451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.558703e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009311673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009622578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993958,0.0001034066,0.0001391901,0.0001542968,0.00003363838,0.0001736266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997997,0.00002771423,0.00004201341,0.00008387473,0.000001469396,0.00004518015],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000634719,0.00003749456,0.8195751,0.00001223583,0.00001142015,0.00001060814,0.001193754,0.0001448666,0.1762694,0.00002753402,0.0002523804,0.002401727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004793134,0.0001277094,0.9870315,0.00002107227,0.00001681441,0.00002268832,0.0006566778,0.001621065,0.002629904,0.00009222322,0.007042695,0.0002583514],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956006,0.00004449165,0.0000881915,0.003910634,0.00009456024,0.00007733182,0.00002758465,0.00003389834,0.0001226821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934357,0.00008068839,0.0003935329,0.006000606,0.00001664297,0.00000340699,0.00005854754,0.000006428739,0.000004398166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1736395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5369624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387218490","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10356","title":"How low can you go? Widespread challenges in measuring low stream discharge and a path forward","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Streamflow; STREAMS; Water scarcity; Environmental science; Water resources; Climate change; Scarcity; Hydrology (agriculture); Water resource management; Environmental resource management; Business; Computer science; Drainage basin; Geography; Economics; Geology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Erin Seybold","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna Bergstrom","is_ca":false},{"name":"C. Nathan Jones","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amy J. Burgin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel C. Zipper","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sarah E. Godsey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Walter K. Dodds","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret Zimmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret Shanafield","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thibault Datry","is_ca":false},{"name":"Raphael D. Mazor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mathis Messager","is_ca":true},{"name":"Julian D. Olden","is_ca":false},{"name":"Adam S. Ward","is_ca":false},{"name":"Songyan Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kendra E. Kaiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arial J. Shogren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard H. Walker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01544575066106242,"gpt":0.1903342293725104,"spread":0.174888478711448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002360621,0.0002016766,0.0002289472,0.0002306063,0.0002081524,0.00002353182,0.000132682,0.0001066229,0.000007977708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001923183,0.0001758572,0.00004934131,0.0002727641,0.000626778,0.0001850068,0.000282648,0.0001872697,0.00001452573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001289199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001022804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003063801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004325747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986945,0.00008239639,0.0001262493,0.0004829051,0.0001041138,0.0005098846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996477,0.00006591772,0.00004578933,0.0001714805,0.000001805267,0.00006727406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003263481,0.00003828719,0.9902575,0.00006532503,0.00008928235,0.00009088272,0.002474585,0.00003800143,0.0009228837,0.0001885598,0.001026237,0.004775827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008572717,0.0001252439,0.9934098,0.0000569414,0.00003961395,0.000009109453,0.001255918,0.0001493889,0.0004114692,0.0012461,0.002098501,0.000340651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9531779,0.0005129731,0.00001397842,0.04559008,0.0001228269,0.0001737201,0.000006236288,0.00009378366,0.0003085455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944821,0.004106609,0.00004418636,0.001220546,0.000021038,0.00003194783,0.000007038107,0.00001157052,0.00007499147],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04436953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7171248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005413133","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10149","title":"Organic sulfur: A spatially variable and understudied component of marine organic matter","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sulfur; Organic matter; Environmental chemistry; Total organic carbon; Seawater; Dissolved organic carbon; Carbon fibers; Chemistry; Nitrogen; Heteroatom; Sulfur cycle; Environmental science; Oceanography; Geology; Organic chemistry; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Krista Longnecker","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lisa Oswald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Melissa C. Kido Soule","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gregory A. Cutter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth B. Kujawinski","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007487695265043193,"gpt":0.1575820097254876,"spread":0.1500943144604444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008260176,0.0001488504,0.0002817367,0.00008998062,0.00009660627,0.00002140541,0.0001139294,0.00007002948,0.002057974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000828052,0.0001277408,0.0000372314,0.0002828599,0.000176892,0.00008195642,0.00007525476,0.0001414985,0.00002997926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":8.590318e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001156314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004340757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009047287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991082,0.00006639925,0.0002273927,0.0002746344,0.00008767272,0.0002356949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.00007816824,0.00008817521,0.0001089529,0.00001559756,0.0001123268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007891394,0.00001082565,0.9942153,0.0001076958,0.0001132352,0.00001388025,0.0002241407,0.000007864246,0.003379858,0.00008175821,0.0008523659,0.0009142237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008935747,0.000388676,0.9944209,0.00001581041,0.00008211284,0.00005367024,0.0002477278,0.0006278074,0.0003042195,0.0003724271,0.002324969,0.0002680304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895197,0.0002705686,0.0003968312,0.007773336,0.0001103258,0.0001292976,0.00001995211,0.00003152601,0.001748445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920476,0.0001392507,0.0003176313,0.007379995,0.0000521234,4.243457e-7,0.0000446647,0.00000473384,0.00001356539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003075638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992486607","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10133","title":"Capacity of the common Arctic picoeukaryote <i>Micromonas</i> to adapt to a warming ocean","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Growth rate; Arctic; Environmental science; Effects of global warming on oceans; Global warming; Climate change; Irradiance; Ecology; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Biology; Nutrient; Mathematics; Physics; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Ina Benner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrew J. Irwin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zoe V. Finkel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0045041886872528,"gpt":0.195186703006227,"spread":0.1906825143189742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001062788,0.0001440819,0.0001670518,0.00009201833,0.00007818159,0.000007678171,0.0002508624,0.0001196444,0.000004732857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001780225,0.0001194305,0.0001171113,0.000213616,0.0001642524,0.00000274224,0.0001924197,0.0001264745,0.000006453075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005655821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001185275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002351224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006847649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991012,0.00007636875,0.0001805318,0.0003051544,0.00008133186,0.0002554546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993909,0.00001486498,0.00006138473,0.000411314,0.00003326019,0.00008826651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008006413,0.00003313275,0.4544076,0.00003037993,0.00006649685,7.464446e-7,0.0002493884,0.0004702792,0.5412129,0.0001855836,0.00304474,0.0002186591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001292715,0.001034941,0.8410149,0.00009956525,0.00008652165,0.00008659317,0.0002538002,0.0001596821,0.1191213,0.0002760723,0.03590112,0.0006728097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991408,0.0001323675,0.0006420104,0.007153644,0.000255978,0.0002704979,0.00001934007,0.00000987414,0.0001082724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844119,0.00002588468,0.0007666672,0.01465452,0.0000374976,0.000002639549,0.00001048186,0.00001260451,0.00007778266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4220917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4870234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310525010","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10295","title":"Estimating ocean net primary productivity from daily cycles of carbon biomass measured by profiling floats","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Primary production; Environmental science; Temperate climate; Biogeochemistry; Primary productivity; Photic zone; Biomass (ecology); Southern Hemisphere; Productivity; Carbon cycle; Tonne; Ecosystem; Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Oceanic basin; Primary producers; Climatology; Ecology; Structural basin; Nutrient; Geology; Geography; Phytoplankton; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Adam C. Stoer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Katja Fennel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007723218921673314,"gpt":0.1731563463324975,"spread":0.1654331274108242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003523248,0.0001713971,0.0002961625,0.0001750669,0.0002762658,0.00002083242,0.0002101833,0.00005645643,0.00005331264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001714797,0.0001639128,0.00007102853,0.0003406095,0.0001775192,0.0001215809,0.00006958747,0.0002495989,6.70847e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000339575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002201467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002643125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002523307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984975,0.0002583804,0.0002800344,0.0004226554,0.0002369712,0.0003043864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994138,0.0001036101,0.0001845585,0.0002157994,0.00001612191,0.00006610392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009167859,0.00002815336,0.9827745,0.00006459601,0.00008749468,0.00001275999,0.0002150779,0.0003049082,0.01073705,0.000003320945,0.000581146,0.005099337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001033598,0.0005205868,0.9758473,0.00003314753,0.0001217339,0.00005678189,0.0006424222,0.01220325,0.006913747,0.0006672412,0.001292679,0.0006675066],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961789,0.001363255,0.00004149881,0.0007942358,0.0005214664,0.0002080764,0.0002917413,0.000064508,0.0005363525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981021,0.000008142536,0.0009351358,0.0004054796,0.00009220654,0.000002349105,0.0004411828,0.000005745668,0.000007613854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01189834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6684172,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385278070","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10347","title":"Physical controls and ecological implications of the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom on the Newfoundland and Labrador shelf","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and fisheries research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Spring bloom; Calanus finmarchicus; Bloom; Zooplankton; Phytoplankton; Oceanography; Trophic level; Ecosystem; Algal bloom; Marine ecosystem; Environmental science; Abundance (ecology); Food web; Climate change; Ecology; Productivity; Calanus; Spring (device); Biology; Nutrient; Crustacean; Copepod; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Frédéric Cyr","is_ca":true},{"name":"Keith P. Lewis","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Bélanger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul M. Regular","is_ca":true},{"name":"Stephanie Clay","is_ca":true},{"name":"Emmanuel Devred","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0134244888952806,"gpt":0.224692615451318,"spread":0.2112681265560374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001325823,0.000069641,0.0001077701,0.00002476142,0.0002368339,0.00001245842,0.000179096,0.00004152915,0.00003540274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003338094,0.00003296067,0.0000468591,0.0002558347,0.001256829,0.0000324569,0.0003101666,0.0001730209,9.967305e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004226258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002149554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007570144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001336937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994352,0.00008656549,0.00008832905,0.0001526392,0.00007974408,0.0001575107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993723,0.0003574225,0.00004794995,0.0001963933,0.000003066077,0.00002287725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001529192,0.00002103418,0.9867701,0.000006535828,0.00002055313,4.996672e-7,0.0002403155,0.000004618862,0.009187604,0.001340201,0.0002962287,0.002097015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001795424,0.00005320605,0.9972931,0.000003880458,0.00001389051,0.000003248149,0.00006930642,0.0001765959,0.0002964328,0.0006900171,0.001182485,0.0000382631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779876,0.000009760315,0.00000273666,0.02028709,0.00002521517,0.0001756741,0.000005931101,0.000008191088,0.001497777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985497,0.00006044677,0.000009630615,0.001322104,0.0000156452,0.000009731384,4.381527e-7,0.000003111446,0.0000292136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02056205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.463084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3099209871","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10174","title":"Continental margin sediments underlying the <scp>NE</scp> Pacific oxygen minimum zone are a source of nitrous oxide to the water column","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ocean Networks Canada Society; University of Victoria","funders":"Division of Ocean Sciences; Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Victoria","keywords":"Continental margin; Continental shelf; Oxygen minimum zone; Water column; Upwelling; Transect; Bottom water; Oceanography; Sediment; Geology; Nitrogen; Geomorphology; Chemistry; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"Brett D. Jameson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Berg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Damian S. Grundle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Catherine Stevens","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Kim Juniper","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01208045283871639,"gpt":0.17746834683677,"spread":0.1653878939980536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001963359,0.0001773901,0.0002456596,0.00008325888,0.0002925863,0.00006033632,0.0003234489,0.00007406127,0.00004011269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001708044,0.00009041445,0.0001103566,0.0002692395,0.0002112198,0.00007773034,0.00007073177,0.0002170211,0.00005174151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001155387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005984319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006877449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001142612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987018,0.000159347,0.0002559306,0.0002914884,0.0001720358,0.0004194405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993746,0.0001934382,0.0001021705,0.0001872886,0.00001830627,0.0001241546],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000492509,0.0000127448,0.9814129,0.00004316561,0.0001550681,0.0000230355,0.002804616,0.000154698,0.001736746,0.000004932677,0.01180695,0.00179584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009890083,0.0004736299,0.8199493,0.00003829957,0.0001122506,0.00007557459,0.02155557,0.001551847,0.0007023783,0.00004046232,0.1543247,0.0001869355],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801381,0.0002838511,0.0002165921,0.01834784,0.0001760929,0.000329846,0.00004741538,0.00003562218,0.0004246093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881831,0.0000259791,0.00004053483,0.01148492,0.00007151466,0.000003940626,0.0000416576,0.000005910775,0.000142448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1614636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3686995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3098807819","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10176","title":"Arctic seals as tracers of environmental and ecological change","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Trophic level; Arctic; Food web; Ecosystem; Ecology; Environmental science; δ15N; Predation; Marine ecosystem; Apex predator; Bay; Stable isotope ratio; Oceanography; Biology; Geology; δ13C","authors":[{"name":"Camille de la Vega","is_ca":false},{"name":"Claire Mahaffey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robyn E. Tuerena","is_ca":false},{"name":"David J. Yurkowski","is_ca":true},{"name":"Steven H. Ferguson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Garry B. Stenson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erling S. Nordøy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tore Haug","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin Biuw","is_ca":false},{"name":"Sophie Smout","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jo Hopkins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alessandro Tagliabue","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachel M. Jeffreys","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01123764536944864,"gpt":0.1955046368048658,"spread":0.1842669914354172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009280379,0.0001291806,0.0002293799,0.00005637159,0.00008515981,0.00000552482,0.0001275863,0.0001192008,0.0008375857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001765311,0.0001168657,0.0000721629,0.0001301755,0.001230507,0.0001108661,0.0001765744,0.0001585015,0.00004960717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001311029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001054782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001515031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001385944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990435,0.0001017182,0.0001740503,0.0003414946,0.00008937551,0.0002498777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996234,0.00008383424,0.00007975224,0.0001028131,8.901799e-7,0.0001093801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003920462,0.0000517425,0.980166,0.000009650133,0.00005747637,0.00003025846,0.001048884,0.000006661062,0.01659802,0.00007369668,0.0002461941,0.001672217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003851719,0.0003711779,0.9966351,0.000001693764,0.0000644017,0.00002821601,0.0002695889,0.00005825045,0.0005108838,0.0001711146,0.001370519,0.000133872],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874925,0.0001578593,0.00001122751,0.01185647,0.00003538783,0.0001521094,0.000005638301,0.00001837734,0.0002704254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9790726,0.0003278744,0.0002824071,0.02026375,0.00002627988,0.00001080992,0.000003470397,0.000006557189,0.000006300831],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01646911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9170976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389742442","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10371","title":"Shedding light on cobalamin photodegradation in the ocean","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Simons Foundation","keywords":"Cobalamin; Seawater; Photodegradation; Biogeochemical cycle; Context (archaeology); Chemistry; Phytoplankton; Environmental chemistry; Chemical oceanography; Mass spectrometry; Vitamin B12; Biology; Ecology; Nutrient; Biochemistry; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Photocatalysis; Microorganism; Microbial biodegradation","authors":[{"name":"Catherine C. Bannon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elizabeth Mudge","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin M. Bertrand","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005348825122118295,"gpt":0.2194548931212652,"spread":0.2141060679991469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002468667,0.0001252739,0.00009920975,0.0002100123,0.0001074205,0.00001936566,0.0001714979,0.0001084509,0.000002547434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002917186,0.00009470193,0.00006396228,0.000378196,0.0001178242,0.000005037454,0.00003712013,0.0001204477,0.00000871863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001388851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005588237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004072667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001111529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991565,0.0001060546,0.0001240626,0.0002743834,0.00008033533,0.0002586757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996849,0.00002866281,0.00003654116,0.0002176576,0.000006893371,0.00002539961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003367763,0.0001827044,0.5808945,0.0000444658,0.0001366563,0.0000793772,0.001487985,0.0001497966,0.2920469,0.005457134,0.1146529,0.004530787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002472311,0.0004457521,0.827858,0.00003182019,0.0000522005,0.00003818716,0.002027038,0.00009729279,0.03471501,0.001334655,0.1302783,0.0006494781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928071,0.0003854784,0.00003701694,0.005799443,0.0001561913,0.0001253093,0.000005818831,0.00002537531,0.0006582203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910222,0.0006133656,0.00003151373,0.008101745,0.00007627646,0.00000883289,0.0001106456,0.000009127926,0.00002630077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2573319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3861833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3128364847","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10180","title":"<scp>Size‐based</scp> characterization of freshwater dissolved organic matter finds similarities within a waterbody type across different Canadian ecozones","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Composition (language); Environmental science; Organic matter; Principal component analysis; Total organic carbon; Surface water; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Environmental engineering; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Pieter J. K. Aukes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sherry L. Schiff","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jason J. Venkiteswaran","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard J. Elgood","is_ca":true},{"name":"John Spoelstra","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006109636785409452,"gpt":0.1746380116619805,"spread":0.168528374876571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007622722,0.0001913552,0.000273736,0.0001323025,0.0001889651,0.00007837053,0.0001345377,0.000143262,0.001002758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001872265,0.0001545076,0.00007083976,0.0002455709,0.000153134,0.000141685,0.00002496109,0.000158504,0.00002495531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002810063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004209902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004645949,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2875114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987995,0.00009950223,0.0002755198,0.0002913658,0.0001038786,0.0004302032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994189,0.0001005177,0.00009371398,0.0001942746,0.00005091341,0.0001416621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001143537,0.00001165924,0.9906272,0.0000835992,0.00006237063,0.00004278161,0.0007187742,0.00001090887,0.00786828,0.000007206021,0.0004004825,0.0001553486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002755543,0.00008644394,0.9866985,0.00003360573,0.00002846375,0.00001952474,0.0003396803,0.000350732,0.009330256,0.00005431625,0.002673099,0.0001098366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996735,0.00008139542,0.00002981254,0.001912322,0.0005078501,0.00009403667,0.0003904066,0.00002426837,0.000224894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944381,0.00003401269,0.00006248468,0.00418297,0.00005195523,0.000001430865,0.0009332075,0.000007533044,0.0002883606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2828655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382560820","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10341","title":"<scp>CDOM</scp> spectral slope (<scp><i>S</i></scp><sub>275–295</sub>) as tracers of water masses, <scp>CDOM</scp> heterogeneity, and <scp>Δ<sup>14</sup>C‐DOC</scp> in an oligotrophic marginal sea","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina; Sun Yat-sen University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Scholarship Council; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Université Laval","keywords":"Colored dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Spectral slope; Biogeochemical cycle; Environmental chemistry; Absorption (acoustics); Environmental science; Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Oceanography; Spectral line; Geology; Nutrient; Physics; Phytoplankton; Optics","authors":[{"name":"Guisheng Song","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fangming Yang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Philippe Massicotte","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hao Wei","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huixiang Xie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009031550369368377,"gpt":0.1983008340489438,"spread":0.1892692836795754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001268824,0.001253045,0.001570769,0.002111229,0.0006632488,0.0004157625,0.001063852,0.0008734029,0.000031458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000260932,0.00111418,0.0005781737,0.00209638,0.001241511,0.001151859,0.0003219003,0.001390007,0.000246019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002603044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001185224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001139711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004955702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9919686,0.000905994,0.001388037,0.001942445,0.0008916957,0.002903231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958628,0.001693122,0.0004690286,0.0009327358,0.0001250522,0.0009173033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000373422,0.0001698941,0.97234,0.000447081,0.0005238231,0.0009638399,0.002379571,0.00213759,0.008091791,0.0001006964,0.01080487,0.002003432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004536978,0.002555258,0.8988808,0.0002178014,0.0004841814,0.001064579,0.007498084,0.005726671,0.03039132,0.001545593,0.04668019,0.0004184811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906211,0.002038088,0.00002524881,0.0007292836,0.0007675331,0.0008947043,0.000415445,0.0003784283,0.004130158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993203,0.002587153,0.0001705708,0.002115253,0.0005008334,0.00003492145,0.0009035012,0.00008331759,0.0004014012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0734592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998277656","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10134","title":"Increasing accuracy of lake nutrient predictions in thousands of lakes by leveraging water clarity data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"CLARITY; Nutrient; Environmental science; Leverage (statistics); Chlorophyll a; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Statistics; Mathematics; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Tyler Wagner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noah R. Lottig","is_ca":false},{"name":"Meridith L. Bartley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ephraim M. Hanks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erin M. Schliep","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nathan B. Wikle","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katelyn King","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian M. McCullough","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jemma Stachelek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kendra Spence Cheruvelil","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher T. Filstrup","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Lapierre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Boyang Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patricia A. Soranno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pang‐Ning Tan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qi Wang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Katherine E. Webster","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jiayu Zhou","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008330672976301922,"gpt":0.2069061814633694,"spread":0.1985755084870675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003654002,0.00009345422,0.0002028884,0.00008002624,0.00004365192,0.000005973653,0.0002203198,0.00008292877,0.0001251125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001438836,0.00007419878,0.00003100639,0.0001448981,0.0002039081,0.0002013917,0.0002002483,0.0001491744,0.000003947607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007057331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000277615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002180841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000534017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991022,0.00009306597,0.0002686114,0.0002462849,0.00009946543,0.0001903677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993957,0.0001283862,0.00009969507,0.000343471,0.000003213419,0.00002955086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003681216,0.00005086263,0.9852213,0.00003888305,0.00002192251,0.000001264325,0.0004900281,0.0001253996,0.01345226,0.00006259412,0.0003891572,0.0001094878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001282796,0.0001561607,0.9785606,0.0001210143,0.00004792884,0.00003324492,0.0003495708,0.008848027,0.002123653,0.0003821448,0.007821847,0.0002729565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983308,0.00006035897,0.0004717186,0.0004452983,0.00009835441,0.0001486218,0.0001441509,0.00001043997,0.0002902646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992827,0.00005667648,0.0002747658,0.0002238546,0.000007725519,0.000001736683,0.0001416279,0.000005289926,0.000005672945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01132861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3025738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2764247344","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10050","title":"Magnitude and regulation of zooplankton community production across boreal lakes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Zooplankton; Plankton; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Boreal; Environmental science; Community structure; Population; Geography; Fishery; Oceanography; Biology; Demography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Fortin St‐Gelais","is_ca":true},{"name":"Akash R. Sastri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul A. del Giorgio","is_ca":true},{"name":"Beatrix E. Beisner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01050147577137411,"gpt":0.2339840531894659,"spread":0.2234825774180918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003037281,0.00009035853,0.0001375988,0.00002527251,0.0006962091,0.00002758784,0.000136014,0.00007853712,0.00001097233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002738807,0.00008172207,0.0000257411,0.00003865686,0.0008891653,0.0001957074,0.0001258545,0.0001563819,0.000002109502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005319378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001373956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003843694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001623771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994081,0.0000825401,0.0001404856,0.0001507217,0.00007061136,0.000147577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994062,0.00003630037,0.0001767588,0.0003410544,0.000005243918,0.00003449219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002661053,0.00002275662,0.9905545,0.00003403276,0.00001702553,9.270965e-7,0.0009554321,0.00001800436,0.005230729,0.0002132196,0.0003083873,0.002618433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002000816,0.00006030011,0.9977408,0.00001780283,0.00001368692,0.00002010753,0.0001560901,0.0001972635,0.0005587996,0.0005592467,0.0003898847,0.00008590669],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979249,0.00003571332,0.00008089231,0.0009896451,0.000138761,0.0001105939,0.00001491042,0.00001543174,0.0006891097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994453,0.00004898261,0.0002906467,0.0001367079,0.00002481061,0.000002806864,0.00001418673,0.000004658393,0.00003195315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007186388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5354748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2789552608","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10071","title":"Addition of silver nanoparticles has no long‐term effects on natural phytoplankton community dynamics in a boreal lake","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","topic":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"International Institute for Sustainable Development; Trent University","funders":"Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Trillium Foundation","keywords":"Phytoplankton; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecosystem; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Ecology; Boreal; Nutrient; Lake ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Oceanography; Biology; Chemistry; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Andrea L. Conine","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel C. Rearick","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael J. Paterson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Marguerite A. Xenopoulos","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul C. Frost","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009687242355936482,"gpt":0.2232743149993983,"spread":0.2135870726434619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002268469,0.0001350871,0.0002061074,0.0001548084,0.0002492489,0.00003025915,0.0001769974,0.00008316429,0.00003039712],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003484897,0.0001181349,0.00005341288,0.0002316713,0.000855686,0.0001170145,0.00005031077,0.0001867463,0.00002741361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001558193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007928932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003187175,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000983683,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989824,0.0002323632,0.0002172025,0.0002010454,0.00009410718,0.0002728882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992303,0.0003021664,0.0001023391,0.0002852237,0.00003493583,0.00004505458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001692882,0.0001896945,0.1951574,0.00004914279,0.00001379013,0.000004990035,0.0003468209,7.089335e-7,0.8011174,0.0008646729,0.0003871758,0.001698822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004099469,0.000235145,0.5139047,0.00007159633,0.00001691394,0.000004634066,0.00003977643,0.00007091548,0.4849089,0.0001848499,0.00004663753,0.0001059973],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983863,0.00004797234,0.00001856568,0.0009914493,0.000183713,0.000170908,0.00006162869,0.00004508903,0.00009436622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986458,0.00001229341,0.0002058622,0.001001754,0.00006245196,0.00002326745,0.00003777582,0.000008476532,0.000002310865],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3187472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.48174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}