{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":31,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":31,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"bd1bff56f8e2","filters":{"venue":"Lingua"}},"results":[{"id":"W2044247976","doi":"10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00102-5","title":"Two types of restructuring—Lexical vs. functional","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":170,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Restructuring; Linguistics; Computer science; German; Interpretation (philosophy); Lexical item; Natural language processing; Business; Philosophy; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0306739176469292,"gpt":0.246242897555576,"spread":0.2155689799086468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001219897,0.00007901666,0.0001209421,0.00005475026,0.0001050806,0.00003671199,0.00005661317,0.00002959223,0.002262708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006406019,0.00007250669,0.00004821833,0.00001944713,0.00008959464,0.0000316879,0.00001213866,0.00008169998,0.0001026609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001425849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000430941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003031952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002455768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993568,0.00002861902,0.0002044559,0.0001285384,0.000161102,0.0001204805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995216,0.00008482244,0.0000842686,0.0001378181,0.0001416925,0.00002985097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001591915,0.0000241433,0.001062524,0.00001541019,0.00001925769,0.000002144043,0.004415342,0.00004615053,0.00008493504,0.9940737,0.000116687,0.0001237513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008557601,0.0001070449,0.005406972,0.00005709031,0.00008100898,0.00001051622,0.001697764,0.0002829004,0.006969865,0.9159961,0.06823764,0.0002973303],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7692278,0.0001235967,0.000690645,0.001166092,0.00730274,0.0001524001,0.00001832225,0.0001896644,0.2211288],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995293,0.000001761361,0.001087021,0.00009787325,0.00163455,0.000001921211,0.000006206772,0.0000168531,0.001860767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2260653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019350458","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.009","title":"Microvariation, variation, and the features of universal grammar","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Phonology; Grammar; Diversity (politics); Linguistics; Computer science; Feature (linguistics); Phonological rule; Term (time); Key (lock); Task (project management); Product (mathematics); Mathematics; Sociology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00690006210021434,"gpt":0.2712283887120535,"spread":0.2643283266118392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002590075,0.00004438624,0.00008234826,0.00004325305,0.00006229244,0.00001107847,0.00009873008,0.00006830032,0.0001140893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004013251,0.00003155136,0.00002158201,0.0001029968,0.0001688544,0.00001015714,0.00002656126,0.0001083016,0.00001605516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004752191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001964139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005444693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001477796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995279,0.0001010005,0.0001032272,0.0001020067,0.00005861011,0.0001072134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995145,0.0001932451,0.00005302874,0.000156199,0.00007019275,0.00001288763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000549226,0.0001307877,0.008721991,0.00001188852,0.000151655,0.00000902381,0.02691609,0.00002010972,0.01004431,0.9349025,0.01606941,0.002473034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002038304,0.0000375225,0.9283031,0.000002836433,0.00002319921,0.00001369837,0.0001777369,0.00003674254,0.0008403414,0.06203703,0.00642908,0.00006041215],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567114,0.002163974,0.001316482,0.003325672,0.0006887892,0.0002718394,0.00001527788,0.00004431973,0.03546222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959259,0.00001496775,0.0002633637,0.00006959245,0.0001415945,0.000003280566,0.000005301712,0.000006668238,0.003569338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9195811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8230783,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981234139","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2014.04.002","title":"Diachronic changes in negative expressions: The case of French","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Expression (computer science); Feature (linguistics); Semantic change; Interpretation (philosophy); Grammar; Polarity (international relations); Old French; Distribution (mathematics); Period (music); Semantic feature; History; Philosophy; Mathematics; Computer science; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02738236936344335,"gpt":0.2581524967128999,"spread":0.2307701273494566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002691311,0.00007668326,0.0001248873,0.00005952199,0.0001162213,0.0000353748,0.0001014227,0.00002872055,0.0004009766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001276946,0.00005206176,0.00002695419,0.00002754072,0.0001104483,0.00002735093,0.0000375056,0.00009834603,0.00002698693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000171352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001852198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009485271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05073508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994322,0.00008687575,0.0001684941,0.0001143064,0.0000730484,0.000125072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999048,0.0005231835,0.0001199971,0.0002054667,0.00008626398,0.00001708471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005123391,0.0000719848,0.0003794857,0.00005175635,0.00002023224,0.00003357262,0.3248167,0.00003103523,0.0001621401,0.669436,0.0001445663,0.004847393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001803367,0.0003780536,0.003335846,0.0008370015,0.000140789,0.00004476267,0.08970524,0.01652701,0.009649872,0.8494834,0.02743504,0.0006595745],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701045,0.0001883815,0.0001649632,0.005267946,0.001594006,0.0002707081,0.00001842468,0.0000616941,0.02232943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979209,0.000007539866,0.0001600066,0.0001006033,0.001337926,0.00001299487,0.000002261482,0.00001269746,0.0004451046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2351115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093865744","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2007.07.002","title":"Null objects in child language: Syntax and the lexicon","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Object (grammar); Linguistics; Null (SQL); Cognate; Syntax; Computer science; Variety (cybernetics); Realization (probability); Lexicon; Grammar; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004054113750148526,"gpt":0.2809675644500849,"spread":0.2769134506999364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005154319,0.00008797957,0.0001112735,0.00007756596,0.0000531317,0.00001900931,0.0001002089,0.00007216496,0.0003783009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001077415,0.0000592182,0.00002548839,0.000145345,0.00007769222,0.00002360947,0.00003178788,0.0001712414,0.0001408149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009599127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001151085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008623198,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001937799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999327,0.00004024366,0.0001462712,0.0001662163,0.000075397,0.000244889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996083,0.000150133,0.00003607733,0.0001642652,0.000007654769,0.00003351356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001475481,0.000300826,0.09895108,0.00004988311,0.0001427646,0.001506718,0.6520989,0.000002512081,0.000301999,0.07369874,0.002361886,0.1691092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02567572,0.000135875,0.7078406,0.0001877124,0.00007076906,0.0003760341,0.2343373,0.00003569712,0.003407353,0.006194553,0.0205135,0.001224824],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7662085,0.003447165,0.00002913462,0.0004621711,0.0003429785,0.0001563398,6.100454e-7,0.00005850229,0.2292946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961273,0.00001352592,0.0001182518,0.001299122,0.0001385122,0.000007588299,0.000003496179,0.0000150481,0.00227715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6088896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.414213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051154844","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2006.01.004","title":"Clausal architecture in Early Old French","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Specifier; Linguistics; Verb; Head (geology); Subject (documents); Feature (linguistics); Dependent clause; Agreement; History; Computer science; Philosophy; Mathematics; Noun phrase; Noun; Sentence; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01332435282107367,"gpt":0.231265028257066,"spread":0.2179406754359924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006459583,0.00009356416,0.0001284654,0.0001198013,0.0000880531,0.0001441004,0.0000981769,0.00003260053,0.0008614379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002787991,0.000077461,0.00006762353,0.00003728856,0.00006303058,0.00002278235,0.00001938743,0.0001338075,0.0001165467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001007377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001628403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01997349,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03177952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993551,0.00001231804,0.000173463,0.0001498893,0.0001211576,0.0001880913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997199,0.00002739538,0.00003919172,0.0001421034,0.00004500034,0.0000264391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005105998,0.0001272857,0.02001915,0.00001250995,0.00002290612,0.00007126761,0.01151162,0.0003196694,0.00003323112,0.9644334,0.002631673,0.0008121458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006653183,0.00008553873,0.01816791,0.00006144342,0.00008772234,0.000001492846,0.0007589359,0.0003845557,0.0001896304,0.1894291,0.7896616,0.0005067014],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6054905,0.0002318255,0.00002159639,0.0001654173,0.0002954222,0.00004015226,0.00001148081,0.00005578507,0.3936878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745665,0.000002431242,0.0001006193,0.0001578584,0.00400271,0.000003635486,0.00001342043,0.00001512044,0.02113771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7870299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9865526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090724989","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2014.05.015","title":"Targeting underspecified segments: A formal analysis of feature-changing and feature-filling rules","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Feature (linguistics); Unification; Computer science; Polarity (international relations); Set (abstract data type); Phonological rule; Process (computing); Natural language processing; Linguistics; Phonology; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02397691865521116,"gpt":0.3220864662350565,"spread":0.2981095475798453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006845879,0.0001342436,0.000332965,0.0005672547,0.0001505894,0.00002578108,0.0001498172,0.0001519068,0.0001549625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001041635,0.0001241878,0.0001000014,0.0005747007,0.00009100403,0.00004029318,0.0001117054,0.0003070173,0.00001970562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001459327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001022965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009735878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003069484,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998752,0.0001099714,0.0001800417,0.0003024091,0.0001528282,0.0005027399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992194,0.0002451951,0.0001156743,0.000265011,0.00007329281,0.00008144871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002233353,0.001204937,0.2244687,0.0005505873,0.02545853,0.0001592624,0.290351,0.004411906,0.1560602,0.1750898,0.0141909,0.1058208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01185798,0.0017033,0.6568338,0.0003978981,0.005301069,0.00008204578,0.04261138,0.1868419,0.01996106,0.01726555,0.05373023,0.003413781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802164,0.002056517,0.009407946,0.0003242501,0.0003434271,0.0001252988,0.00001796742,0.00005588281,0.007452263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952125,0.00006143785,0.003026681,0.0001304511,0.0001863886,0.000007344164,0.00003770704,0.00002219298,0.001315315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4323651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5064231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2560499676","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2016.10.001","title":"(De-)constructing evidentiality","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"NOSM University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Presentational and representational acting; Proposition; Evidentiality; Contradiction; Assertion; Linguistics; Common ground; Perspective (graphical); Subject (documents); Presentation (obstetrics); Philosophy; Epistemology; Sociology; Computer science; Communication; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03621329840332892,"gpt":0.2635008833794192,"spread":0.2272875849760903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003037103,0.00008099697,0.0001041271,0.00004328546,0.0001575927,0.0001515983,0.000105675,0.00003267193,0.002121156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001418093,0.00005941141,0.00005243477,0.00001259138,0.0001035875,0.00008989005,0.00003241358,0.00005076776,0.0003384487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004402134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003906224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007201817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003816751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992815,0.0000376093,0.0002066058,0.0001535814,0.00012449,0.0001962451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99937,0.0001807756,0.0001041429,0.000177855,0.0001259068,0.00004125731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005482685,0.00001433984,0.003949094,0.00001737334,0.00002385887,0.000005529804,0.01876538,2.691203e-7,0.0007856788,0.9584075,0.0001102067,0.01791531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008241916,0.000050831,0.00176718,0.0003821662,0.0001076069,0.00001889402,0.008268946,0.0001238209,0.006314545,0.8834885,0.09813981,0.0005134927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.850963,0.00007700548,0.006989621,0.01922967,0.008683706,0.00019809,0.0000248361,0.0006813332,0.1131527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912859,0.000003027335,0.0009640963,0.0001510896,0.00454766,0.000003067661,8.841786e-7,0.00001941902,0.00302483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1403229,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105608357","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2004.05.001","title":"No nouns, no verbs? A rejoinder to Panagiotidis","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Noun; Verb; Interpretation (philosophy); Meaning (existential); Syntactic structure; Causative; Syntax; Root (linguistics); Nominalization; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02171142705229467,"gpt":0.2382959197109786,"spread":0.2165844926586839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001609229,0.0001660875,0.0001873444,0.00009665981,0.0002429667,0.0002166186,0.0001755788,0.00005578316,0.001265744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001059812,0.0001610585,0.00007895941,0.0000405848,0.00005077672,0.0000752512,0.00005245864,0.0001322071,0.01173195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008539236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006879784,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003516939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002054067,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988602,0.00001868538,0.0002836177,0.0002878212,0.000250687,0.0002989849],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990435,0.0000557339,0.00008541689,0.0003285106,0.0003870901,0.00009972208],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004704194,0.0001671044,0.0002535995,0.00006814038,0.00007729785,0.0000447504,0.08501274,0.0001201616,0.0002571026,0.9107001,0.002750609,0.0005013242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001579052,0.0003960957,0.0009275652,0.0003238895,0.0001198226,0.000007389907,0.003824376,0.0002042084,0.0008287745,0.1487065,0.8421777,0.0009045332],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2860819,0.0001618948,0.002217738,0.03110367,0.02676618,0.001160601,0.00008390204,0.001362839,0.6510612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745031,0.00000731371,0.002754512,0.001896294,0.007683945,0.00001215228,0.00001676245,0.00005893561,0.01306697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8394272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2152790048","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2007.01.008","title":"Prosodic structure and the representation of L2 functional morphology: A nativist approach","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Inflection; Morphology (biology); Phonology; Stress (linguistics); Phonetics; Computer science; Grammar; Mandarin Chinese; String (physics); Representation (politics); Psychology; Natural language processing; History; Philosophy; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03775977119238626,"gpt":0.3505821859107256,"spread":0.3128224147183393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004915429,0.00006252839,0.0001263138,0.0000721014,0.00007550562,0.000008098573,0.00009682684,0.0001038994,0.0002052611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001171079,0.00004156056,0.0000291141,0.0001875119,0.0005357289,0.00001259374,0.00004404555,0.0002577916,0.000008601779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005818403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001923926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001872934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001667366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992502,0.0001079452,0.0001600187,0.0001936081,0.0001226012,0.0001656745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993429,0.0002778966,0.0000733963,0.0002093867,0.00006740974,0.000029074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01224935,0.001024123,0.3298982,0.0001812725,0.001293573,0.0001258805,0.1708187,0.0001337626,0.1203262,0.2950198,0.01137032,0.05755882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00342253,0.0001244919,0.9519634,0.000004912637,0.00002924918,0.0002146385,0.001650097,0.0002395189,0.00755092,0.03435672,0.0003312867,0.0001122901],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864182,0.0004936063,0.001475937,0.0002369087,0.0003056769,0.0002289948,0.000008152707,0.00001621381,0.01081625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981714,0.000006163041,0.0003577844,0.00009967605,0.0001489996,0.00001158613,0.0000133226,0.000008809545,0.001182205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6220651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2247465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996826612","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2011.05.008","title":"Disambiguating Yorùbá tones: At the interface between syntax, morphology, phonology and phonetics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Phonology; Tone (literature); Syntax; Linguistics; Domain (mathematical analysis); Computer science; Phonological rule; Word (group theory); Natural language processing; Mathematics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09818551036617819,"gpt":0.383540023846894,"spread":0.2853545134807158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005196211,0.0002256633,0.0003198967,0.00009592441,0.0002862101,0.00002193316,0.0005115593,0.0003355164,0.002629324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001624556,0.0001716776,0.00006264332,0.0001767767,0.0009451059,0.00002473864,0.0005941139,0.0006513732,0.00129139],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003295565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000267592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001776923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000313233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980401,0.0003028893,0.0003522865,0.0005233717,0.0001158445,0.000665554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984419,0.0005409721,0.0001305823,0.0007034364,0.00005446451,0.0001286468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008286585,0.0005248366,0.5727227,0.00006816864,0.001207274,0.0003274641,0.2691173,0.000005231377,0.05238984,0.002807211,0.01304549,0.08695577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001989635,0.001127006,0.9118879,0.00004573425,0.0001780697,0.000551671,0.006788282,0.00006303681,0.0553042,0.009132503,0.01218394,0.0007480694],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9836101,0.002501671,0.0002344876,0.0006889285,0.0009740065,0.00024644,0.00002707783,0.00009858664,0.01161868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949281,0.0000904355,0.0004028819,0.0002808443,0.0002389787,0.00004559317,0.000007877812,0.00005106117,0.003954241],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3391651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994862,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144351109","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2012.09.012","title":"A familiar definite article in Akan","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Definiteness; Referent; Determiner; Presupposition; Pronoun; Linguistics; Semantics (computer science); Proper noun; Interrogative word; Parallels; Uniqueness; German; Natural (archaeology); Mathematics; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy; Noun; History; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03570032066053357,"gpt":0.2469993355744173,"spread":0.2112990149138838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002603125,0.00008771464,0.0001113428,0.00008196499,0.00008870852,0.0000652676,0.00007487884,0.00003721394,0.0004359654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004652755,0.00008502614,0.00003479387,0.00003564259,0.00004564922,0.0001107622,0.00002608936,0.0001071367,0.0009328797],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003068659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001436402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001800039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992339,0.00003025533,0.0002131285,0.0001076221,0.0001198305,0.0002952881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995871,0.00009333731,0.00005379352,0.0001583421,0.00005104827,0.00005634877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008227506,0.0001256514,0.02663371,0.00001486695,0.000009709197,0.000003948504,0.1351648,0.000006107266,0.0001320822,0.8364036,0.00006944661,0.001427783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003043715,0.0001923989,0.1555026,0.0003095153,0.0001741098,0.00001442349,0.05488022,0.006381302,0.00435319,0.5521399,0.2213796,0.001629087],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9252142,0.0001081305,0.00008240032,0.001323579,0.001924574,0.0001017858,0.000005063086,0.0001345097,0.07110579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959713,0.000004898556,0.0005155829,0.0003195184,0.002424305,0.000007640424,0.000003843892,0.00002278392,0.0007300891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2842638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1989282444","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.020","title":"Noun incorporation and the progressive in German","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Noun; German; Linguistics; Nominalization; Syntax; Noun phrase; Computer science; Proper noun; Mathematics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01743484279907201,"gpt":0.2622194650096532,"spread":0.2447846222105812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005603985,0.00006256234,0.00008609082,0.00005990506,0.0001348007,0.0001093169,0.00005263516,0.00002692719,0.00005174176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003070018,0.00004357614,0.00001554124,0.00002370875,0.0001601477,0.00005266563,0.00002046252,0.00008556561,0.00002378939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000169022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001411879,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007607181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004806139,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994717,0.00002558892,0.0001903652,0.00009938482,0.0001014227,0.0001115709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995518,0.0001477069,0.0001096334,0.00009380391,0.00008064008,0.00001642414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003667384,0.00001713296,0.0009741559,0.000008871914,0.000005903872,0.00001133144,0.1003708,9.122986e-7,0.00000923275,0.8963775,0.00001146872,0.002175971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002734363,0.00007169657,0.01213303,0.0001185257,0.00005063842,0.00001151196,0.01177364,0.002740602,0.0004613819,0.9508642,0.01872981,0.0003105938],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9632945,0.0001971212,0.0003156717,0.005576923,0.001087319,0.000371108,0.000002230355,0.00007871042,0.02907643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977367,0.000003171765,0.0002249789,0.000213,0.001485469,0.000006311263,0.000005340581,0.00001039971,0.0003146314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08859719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2681938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W966884901","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2015.06.011","title":"Experimental evidence of variation and gradience in the syntax and semantics of transitive subject control","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Syntax; Transitive relation; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Subject (documents); Semantics (computer science); Control (management); Mathematics; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Physics; Combinatorics; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04753178107632512,"gpt":0.272438951309812,"spread":0.2249071702334869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005312922,0.00006906297,0.0001500566,0.0000454841,0.0000395854,0.00002974291,0.000062865,0.00002391522,0.0000102842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005941644,0.00005366649,0.00001590814,0.00002841025,0.0001696105,0.00009241152,0.00001144429,0.00005090694,7.390003e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001239303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002296864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002868923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007079012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993504,0.00008818623,0.0002160167,0.0001098201,0.0001572563,0.00007832948],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993079,0.0003556565,0.0001251133,0.00008934522,0.0001025042,0.00001944962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009601742,0.00007850556,0.003984578,0.00006185126,0.00001848099,0.000004490733,0.8351021,0.00001920524,0.004247664,0.1562284,0.000003685358,0.0001550291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009496002,0.003908492,0.1626566,0.002703303,0.0007839109,0.00008212627,0.492575,0.06237455,0.07112126,0.192831,0.0002062565,0.001261455],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968708,0.0004627134,0.0008315233,0.001014303,0.0002005088,0.0001997473,0.000007014008,0.00000854031,0.0004048189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995694,0.00001156477,0.000213453,0.00005201277,0.0001339225,0.000004611443,6.120758e-7,0.00000600478,0.000008413928],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3425271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4336973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979884172","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2009.05.008","title":"Complex phrase structures within morphological words: Evidence from English and Indonesian","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Syntax; Indonesian; Computer science; GRASP; Morphology (biology); Phrase; Natural language processing; Programming language; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05302896681033938,"gpt":0.2686763449017527,"spread":0.2156473780914133,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001332504,0.000163212,0.0002166958,0.00005727513,0.0002202055,0.0002959631,0.0001540755,0.00007324479,0.002300722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002002508,0.0001378923,0.00003662813,0.00002690779,0.0001439723,0.000109017,0.00003531846,0.0001801972,0.00002587839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001859285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002064712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009733621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006181218,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989873,0.00005779785,0.0002771606,0.0003010088,0.0001921232,0.0001845925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991771,0.0002574606,0.0001397068,0.0002140977,0.0001361043,0.00007553201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001799408,0.0001444723,0.006171478,0.00003377574,0.00007942501,0.0002571171,0.4750755,0.00005372368,0.001456561,0.5069339,0.001847032,0.007767106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001176442,0.0003952248,0.1211953,0.0004102149,0.0001788576,0.00001799167,0.02255955,0.002784237,0.0007962732,0.8421202,0.007405431,0.0009602194],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936172,0.0001831095,0.0001581899,0.00207744,0.001249328,0.0001541887,0.00009512359,0.0002584214,0.002207043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913523,0.000008292943,0.003593322,0.0007268515,0.004147056,0.000003018443,0.00005103163,0.0000146684,0.0001035199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4525159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092424753","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2010.12.004","title":"Dummy auxiliaries in child and adult second language acquisition of Dutch","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Turkish; Infinitive; German; Sentence; Computer science; Psychology; Modal verb; First language; Task (project management); Verb; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009335720664657356,"gpt":0.2543135154295157,"spread":0.2449777947648583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008302837,0.00007740798,0.0001168095,0.00008950652,0.00002183669,0.000005516456,0.0000638221,0.00007809121,0.003979078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002950906,0.00007132547,0.00001996192,0.00009330422,0.00005028685,0.00004542722,0.00002485722,0.00007967258,0.0000530973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004584344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008283779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005924135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008918736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994722,0.000024776,0.0001590082,0.0001495232,0.00005226801,0.0001422042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997572,0.00001711013,0.00004960424,0.0001280572,0.00002144068,0.0000266144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003467897,0.0003560601,0.2814036,0.0001204507,0.00008421682,0.0002032315,0.6747087,1.496364e-7,0.0008566471,0.02466628,0.001269582,0.01598432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002876372,0.0001242525,0.9187155,0.00008030503,0.00002101556,0.00003776325,0.06434319,0.000006470997,0.01001792,0.002219671,0.001194508,0.0003630435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8640032,0.0008431425,0.000009923755,0.00004392359,0.0001478838,0.00008218604,0.000005111946,0.00003319119,0.1348314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980504,0.00000851292,0.0003697858,0.0003459712,0.00003711863,0.000008291852,0.00001279746,0.00001191755,0.001155235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6373119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2981856350","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2019.102740","title":"The varieties of verbal irony: a new neo-Gricean taxonomy","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Grice; Irony; Implicature; Pragmatics; Linguistics; Taxonomy (biology); Psychology; Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02005046953056749,"gpt":0.2627626701810147,"spread":0.2427122006504472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001582502,0.00008898217,0.000128544,0.00002765041,0.00005353106,0.0000236805,0.0001784444,0.00007748458,0.001428736],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003149882,0.00006108368,0.00007860339,0.0000953172,0.0000437739,0.000032069,0.00002907946,0.000129717,0.00110494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008914911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004520791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005167703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004195665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999306,0.00005994093,0.0001697326,0.0001598071,0.0001132405,0.0001912958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993517,0.0001371206,0.0000960946,0.0003347414,0.00003753819,0.00004278353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001071757,0.0004720911,0.01918221,0.00009814275,0.0008174203,0.00004844796,0.0606023,0.00001343685,0.003674548,0.3562616,0.09553237,0.4622257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00156445,0.0003077259,0.0111074,0.00002472311,0.00009793787,0.00001657743,0.01297754,0.00002050259,0.001754415,0.01129208,0.960572,0.0002646682],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6646294,0.002421791,0.0005495052,0.0002739509,0.0025243,0.0003764205,0.000005743185,0.00009365586,0.3291252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9681618,0.00001583644,0.0001850163,0.0003595976,0.0004187437,0.00001575326,0.000005375643,0.00001719448,0.03082067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8650396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013837065","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2014.12.008","title":"Temporal restrictions on personal pronouns: The composition of Blackfoot proclitics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Denotation (semiotics); Syntax; Linguistics; Head (geology); Personal pronoun; Interpretation (philosophy); Possession (linguistics); Semantics (computer science); Computer science; Implicature; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Pragmatics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0642636692862234,"gpt":0.2709636337772627,"spread":0.2066999644910393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002294559,0.00009043497,0.0001098273,0.00005904756,0.0002032336,0.00007992243,0.00009917876,0.00003471896,0.00006055241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003326915,0.00006648217,0.00004780253,0.00003441214,0.0001488349,0.00004454299,0.00001702586,0.0001259494,0.00007605059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004839905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001026892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008603987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003292342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992023,0.00004864285,0.0002386211,0.0001233092,0.0002610956,0.0001260316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991851,0.0001109364,0.0001496905,0.0001513468,0.0003625753,0.00004039319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005383649,0.0002292968,0.00133675,0.00003283941,0.00004167613,0.000002698183,0.1333971,0.00005354964,0.00002663017,0.8633451,0.001158738,0.0003217558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004576597,0.003517415,0.006514249,0.0009021961,0.0007267889,0.0000369335,0.1786464,0.03581233,0.003101868,0.567789,0.1969031,0.001473149],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9266375,0.00006343572,0.000377137,0.01460962,0.003116842,0.0006292057,0.00006308501,0.0002129922,0.0542902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963949,0.000001369793,0.000267959,0.0001405754,0.002237376,0.00001249374,0.00002715502,0.00001744118,0.0009007623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2955562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2711064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044972949","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.014","title":"French Locatum verbs and incorporation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Oblique case; Scope (computer science); Argument (complex analysis); Complement (music); Perspective (graphical); Reading (process); Linguistics; Root (linguistics); Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02328733062579246,"gpt":0.2553103763215475,"spread":0.232023045695755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001574766,0.00005672621,0.00007126079,0.0000604801,0.0001490375,0.000105376,0.00003719888,0.00002082696,0.0003436678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004843871,0.00004829931,0.00002391401,0.00001965629,0.00007078778,0.00003721603,0.00001649593,0.00005030791,0.00005464348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006484775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001322781,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001076664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004320749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995936,0.000003990923,0.0001185074,0.00009840263,0.00008312232,0.0001023765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997203,0.00002443962,0.00004379187,0.00008570076,0.00008408004,0.00004171637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004809538,0.00003997336,0.003401853,0.00001328448,0.00003119758,0.0000207252,0.01040445,0.000004158424,0.00004440035,0.9788896,0.002080761,0.005064759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003671572,0.00009276632,0.002748462,0.00003004918,0.0001396277,0.000002161724,0.003623917,0.001000447,0.0005996142,0.06864985,0.922403,0.000342974],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3130852,0.0007333972,0.0008053846,0.0002057299,0.0009093047,0.00006420929,0.000006240192,0.0001020847,0.6840884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918636,0.00001107342,0.000142623,0.0001950158,0.002387103,6.445227e-7,0.00001000299,0.000008129517,0.005381816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9203222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3762922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045511469","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2007.11.008","title":"Resumption in focus(-raising)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Raising (metalworking); Focus (optics); Dependency (UML); Variable (mathematics); Movement (music); Computer science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Physics; Aesthetics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05910492674525662,"gpt":0.2620359430562975,"spread":0.2029310163110409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001519619,0.00008726,0.0001183134,0.0001245312,0.0001775416,0.00004846478,0.00007802799,0.00004192956,0.0004446452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004321226,0.00008797179,0.00003685226,0.00003107312,0.00007388934,0.00007323836,0.00001869142,0.0001083778,0.000372755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003944779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002804149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002549151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003709121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999258,0.00002747529,0.000236692,0.0001606965,0.000147798,0.0001692722],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995928,0.00006863355,0.00007312266,0.000156026,0.00008272193,0.0000266992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003441146,0.000137971,0.01094944,0.00002623398,0.00001753553,0.0000962896,0.1969664,0.00003597322,0.0001756446,0.7876382,0.0006197814,0.003302199],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002633532,0.0002051222,0.0716325,0.0003429542,0.0000593131,0.00004887548,0.005172368,0.002757436,0.00244365,0.8004993,0.1131006,0.001104399],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9296026,0.00009626472,0.0002826653,0.003899718,0.002070363,0.0001396821,0.000005169136,0.0002143964,0.06368917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952601,0.00001447144,0.0003379707,0.0001189227,0.002237845,0.000004863129,0.000006826363,0.00002239276,0.001996616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.191794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4868553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983305376","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2013.12.006","title":"The acquisition of object clitic features in French: A comprehension study","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Clitic; Spell; Comprehension; Object (grammar); Linguistics; Agreement; Psychology; Task (project management); Computer science; Cognitive psychology; Sociology; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01466772144435296,"gpt":0.3168353772419645,"spread":0.3021676557976115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004610115,0.00007042265,0.0001247803,0.0000630907,0.00006154171,0.00001798228,0.0001105222,0.0000409818,0.00003486506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005982622,0.00004709311,0.00002765676,0.0001083863,0.00002541829,0.00001334876,0.00002329825,0.0001170474,0.00004673947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001305344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009300257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000437149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001012018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991276,0.0002323456,0.0002239025,0.0001527771,0.0001116976,0.0001516935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992699,0.0003541304,0.00006572221,0.0002566996,0.00003325731,0.00002028019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000312206,0.001730481,0.616739,0.00005644529,0.0001764949,0.00005305953,0.2059779,0.00007626774,0.001594568,0.01549063,0.007173508,0.1506195],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006135888,0.0001992208,0.9899648,0.00004719425,0.000006930842,0.000004858438,0.001697784,0.00003139253,0.0001295236,0.0008659084,0.006371261,0.00006757824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891789,0.0002721812,0.00002441395,0.00008296302,0.0006471528,0.0001768383,5.5716e-7,0.00002969292,0.009587306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983768,0.000002252212,0.0001156515,0.0001008022,0.00008944276,0.00001765257,0.000002528422,0.000008614168,0.001286271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3732258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1920401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1994566716","doi":"10.1016/s0024-3841(00)00010-3","title":"The meaning of topic and focus: The 59th street bridge accent","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Linguistic Association","funders":"","keywords":"Stress (linguistics); Meaning (existential); Bridge (graph theory); Focus (optics); Linguistics; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Medicine; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02786250838135399,"gpt":0.2426914142149508,"spread":0.2148289058335968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001898687,0.00006865551,0.00008424126,0.00001305699,0.0003593781,0.0001296559,0.0001330637,0.00001788337,0.0003572798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001797719,0.00003915416,0.00003012887,0.00001396866,0.0001142909,0.00002893168,0.00002563974,0.00007375869,0.00001559793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008452721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000143211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002032327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003995035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994495,0.00003231379,0.0001786849,0.00009423972,0.0001237878,0.0001214624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994565,0.0002070973,0.00007030419,0.0001877805,0.00006176965,0.00001651176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001013147,0.00001841608,0.001292185,0.00001249544,0.00003794977,0.000001485403,0.0647338,0.000007433796,0.00000856849,0.8806661,0.0001522978,0.05305908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001168372,0.0002243533,0.03561156,0.0002300916,0.0002489802,0.000006664347,0.02413613,0.002932454,0.001782593,0.5111515,0.4219944,0.0005128984],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9098843,0.0005094021,0.00003107404,0.008799744,0.0009509158,0.0002160606,0.00001215078,0.00006584631,0.07953046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996705,0.00007402309,0.00004673188,0.0001061028,0.001212408,0.000002958044,0.000001349598,0.00001066716,0.001840765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4218421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3911964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967948569","doi":"10.1016/s0024-3841(00)00024-3","title":"Propriétés configurationnelles et contraintes aspectuelles: Un ça objet déficient","year":2000,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Humanities; Impossibility; Context (archaeology); Philosophy; Political science; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02136826330514038,"gpt":0.2789036143351117,"spread":0.2575353510299714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003973175,0.0003557962,0.0004301301,0.0001063118,0.0007491539,0.0008187664,0.0002422863,0.0001313149,0.09187159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002377993,0.0003166187,0.0003184143,0.00007877444,0.0006006844,0.00009800579,0.00002828625,0.0003031089,0.002135472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004620185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001786326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002154164,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001020826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979349,0.0001330667,0.0006036419,0.0004580905,0.0003558274,0.0005144352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987156,0.0001936778,0.0001580994,0.0003877156,0.0003705898,0.0001743224],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003149581,0.0004719571,0.0000313545,0.00005951383,0.0002994923,0.00009496058,0.02467584,0.0006722908,0.00003430437,0.9582792,0.004186537,0.01116305],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006772538,0.0001662414,0.00003557967,0.0002249142,0.0004678662,0.000009679412,0.01204033,0.005759303,0.000795867,0.0281792,0.9511284,0.0005153255],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06006221,0.031364,0.000226231,0.01098147,0.002164623,0.0003960877,0.0003624681,0.0001932189,0.8942497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8510241,0.00248067,0.0001944256,0.001519192,0.004951125,0.00001488908,0.00008174866,0.00005856661,0.1396753],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9469419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013453160","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2006.01.001","title":"Erratum to “Good intentions and actual deeds: A response to my critics”","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"erratum","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Theology and Philosophy of Evil","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Aesthetics; Social psychology; History; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02556705676175551,"gpt":0.2621939828867761,"spread":0.2366269261250206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003072116,0.0003517373,0.0004226491,0.0003985331,0.0005435389,0.0002377175,0.0002994161,0.0003444672,0.0008460789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005912144,0.0003413496,0.0001433334,0.00005359552,0.0002879748,0.00005341578,0.0001640517,0.0008166853,0.0004791106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003161838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001555106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001662519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002701143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984649,0.0001331726,0.0003347728,0.0004555596,0.0002105469,0.0004010366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988898,0.0002226517,0.00007566989,0.000381423,0.0002305451,0.0001998915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002597467,0.00006853857,0.000002381327,0.00005059845,0.00005952393,0.00003762557,0.01880319,8.573083e-7,0.00002256557,0.1538904,0.8266279,0.0001767501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001669506,0.0004098819,0.0000778049,0.0002986229,0.0000998585,0.00001035586,0.001165962,0.000001507008,0.000008626193,0.03819472,0.9591603,0.0004054311],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.007806987,0.001571257,0.0000290195,0.01271452,0.03709863,0.0004552123,0.0004615995,0.0003011271,0.9395617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1405978,0.00001125922,0.0001786625,0.004112898,0.01029766,0.00004966438,0.0000891585,0.00008235492,0.8445805],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1327908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2807323116","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2018.05.004","title":"Discourse-linking in advanced L3 English: Testing the Interface Hypothesis","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Interface (matter); Linguistics; Syntax; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Arabic; Task (project management); Field (mathematics); Psychology; Natural language processing; History; Mathematics; Engineering; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04869796335583822,"gpt":0.2805297510568821,"spread":0.2318317877010439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003850731,0.0001389567,0.0001509936,0.00007543363,0.0003266187,0.0002116196,0.0002516044,0.0000372598,0.0002019894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005037781,0.0001040501,0.00003745134,0.00006781496,0.0002167985,0.0001042085,0.00006672085,0.0001794525,0.0001243779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004400493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003288943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005665873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002965577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998997,0.0000520429,0.0002937574,0.0002285179,0.0001618313,0.0002668247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985359,0.0007251471,0.0001488732,0.0002749478,0.0002894553,0.0000256868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004091394,0.0001073484,0.004571034,0.00005031134,0.00004504287,0.00001031786,0.7513888,0.0001409896,0.0007537844,0.1936856,0.00006828542,0.04913749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002856855,0.0007295477,0.01080748,0.003061197,0.0002830241,0.00001129736,0.3335553,0.02553286,0.01576714,0.5084977,0.09672537,0.00217222],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287858,0.0001072717,0.0003362731,0.002634288,0.004688627,0.000244896,0.000006431148,0.0002648173,0.06293158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905249,0.000002287271,0.002115911,0.0001751238,0.006512299,0.0000104521,0.000001335975,0.00003951542,0.0006182085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4178335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6031059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409771958","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103947","title":"‘What the X’ in Anglophone government meetings: Areal distribution, emotionality, and euphemism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Euphemism; Emotionality; Government (linguistics); Distribution (mathematics); Communication source; Sociology; Psychology; Geography; Social psychology; Linguistics; Telecommunications; Computer science; Mathematics; Philosophy; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01203560598076903,"gpt":0.3231594868120671,"spread":0.311123880831298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001378456,0.000111934,0.0001370114,0.00001654244,0.0004416376,0.0002181634,0.0002628209,0.0001144006,0.00004618903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001653922,0.00009732864,0.00004392137,0.0004174262,0.0002993531,0.0001358514,0.0001630483,0.000199311,0.000007951488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003145448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001493395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002765797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003497803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985195,0.0001371389,0.0002509204,0.0002863967,0.0005036817,0.0003023587],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991919,0.0003810595,0.00009020772,0.0001979952,0.00007518878,0.00006363034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001531774,0.000730227,0.4011048,0.0002132745,0.0001979563,0.00008582346,0.2953844,0.0001512244,0.0032745,0.1959613,0.01485179,0.08789147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002388633,0.00003038983,0.3970791,0.001076571,0.0000802561,0.000006097623,0.1680931,0.0005631747,0.009565598,0.05017882,0.3701373,0.0008008949],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9767586,0.001227569,0.00005377103,0.00801141,0.0009006586,0.0002549331,0.00001348013,0.00009332276,0.01268624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957794,0.0004910668,0.00008987226,0.0006816922,0.0002909853,0.00001567376,0.000007652826,0.000008021349,0.002635662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3552856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4181076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394903714","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103724","title":"The linguistic and metalinguistic abilities of monolingual and bilingual speakers with Prader–Willi syndrome","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticality; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Linguistics; Metalinguistic awareness; Catalan; Semantics (computer science); Multilingualism; Grammar; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006109767730625988,"gpt":0.2346713497487275,"spread":0.2285615820181015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003121262,0.0001908359,0.0001975157,0.00004759973,0.0001305234,0.0001066063,0.0001150866,0.00008608108,0.000003111523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007844151,0.0001282769,0.00005231592,0.0000927456,0.0003809527,0.000002024354,0.0001238555,0.0001230117,0.00000139308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005774673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001419951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007708741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004650075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988734,0.00003670189,0.0002813485,0.0004026741,0.0001390665,0.0002668271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993531,0.0001427358,0.00006592159,0.0002772748,0.00008339499,0.00007754163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002324673,0.0006433371,0.2122866,0.01143909,0.008548566,0.0005945982,0.06534042,0.001488229,0.3514097,0.04523342,0.0003584428,0.3024251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006640431,0.01645516,0.2669641,0.004110965,0.003111211,0.01888237,0.02840186,0.01692913,0.1459906,0.0205166,0.4657222,0.006275374],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9747583,0.02404795,0.0001472082,0.00006383814,0.0003285434,0.0001657453,0.000007563513,0.00003171544,0.0004491591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972053,0.0006634147,0.001386599,0.00002175305,0.0002370219,0.000006598486,0.000005355536,0.00004406943,0.0004299218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4653638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5230981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4315778411","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2022.103437","title":"Establishing a pseudo-cleft construction in Japanese: A perspective from everyday conversation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Interrogative; Conversation; Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Pronoun; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03676676659404991,"gpt":0.2866140888652399,"spread":0.24984732227119,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002103146,0.0001194123,0.0001527745,0.0002178595,0.0001818232,0.000400313,0.0002076425,0.00005422269,0.0009814915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002386717,0.0001170358,0.00004809662,0.0001554548,0.0002144067,0.000600165,0.00006629063,0.0002160007,0.0003487257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001099006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007334743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01321221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007916045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990767,0.00009982422,0.0002176237,0.0002282044,0.0001854405,0.0001921618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991205,0.0002751462,0.0001063072,0.0003138913,0.0001513483,0.00003279374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002061542,0.00003144296,0.001416983,0.00001045657,0.00003497645,0.00001567189,0.7720652,0.00006267852,0.0002637359,0.2246336,0.0007498875,0.0006948166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005346315,0.00001767198,0.003255754,0.00007479292,0.00002000354,0.000002498528,0.9563456,0.00104827,0.0001231021,0.03389292,0.004472108,0.0002126328],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9195631,0.0001399088,0.000008207106,0.00135444,0.0007543809,0.000177251,0.00004372802,0.0004688122,0.07749018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977312,0.00003574269,0.0002094993,0.0001063824,0.0005288539,0.00002204081,0.00008140168,0.00002435492,0.001260545],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1907407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313567578","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2022.103465","title":"Fin0 and Force0, and complementizer agreement in Arabic: A cross–dialectal perspective","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Complementizer; Subject (documents); Agreement; Linguistics; Arabic; Perspective (graphical); Feature (linguistics); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Syntax","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0390359240797312,"gpt":0.2970834997673613,"spread":0.2580475756876301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000216904,0.0001038788,0.0001383906,0.0001379809,0.0001948821,0.0002036164,0.00004789835,0.00002650755,0.0003347429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000289123,0.0001021033,0.00002316951,0.00004388185,0.0001278413,0.00005724411,0.00006962095,0.00008139167,0.0000627263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004303796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001849816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003001207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008009244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992183,0.00002297034,0.0001925659,0.000229601,0.0001272561,0.0002093407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996127,0.0001018259,0.00005608783,0.00009307494,0.000102131,0.00003421909],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002395444,0.00003148348,0.01075734,0.00003841406,0.00003620737,0.00002182862,0.22347,0.000008930461,0.00007259662,0.7648079,0.0001615163,0.0005697872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003585242,0.0003101522,0.143707,0.0001815088,0.00008178444,0.00000827591,0.08391081,0.009783803,0.0002713749,0.7418461,0.01560961,0.0007043835],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9766462,0.0001109707,0.00002761835,0.002708038,0.0006701118,0.000247918,0.00002753725,0.00009891781,0.0194627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972625,0.00002807669,0.000105052,0.00009906334,0.0007218373,0.00001407337,0.00001304065,0.00001653624,0.001739846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1395592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4536947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165181476","doi":"10.1016/s0024-3841(00)90003-2","title":"A selected and annotated bibliography of recent publications in linguistics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University College London; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Bibliography; Linguistics; Applied linguistics; History; Library science; Philosophy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.028877568906806,"gpt":0.255595393985168,"spread":0.226717825078362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001526726,0.00009893923,0.000159848,0.002733588,0.00008707373,0.00009376379,0.00008453109,0.00004485439,0.00160839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001296386,0.00009770578,0.00002437616,0.002272831,0.0001037179,0.00003125186,0.00001167277,0.0001036267,0.00001742608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006044716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003089002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001582545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002869579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999166,0.00003363752,0.0003463,0.0001686376,0.0001241812,0.0001613018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988359,0.0001078532,0.00009890583,0.0001610466,0.0007551882,0.00004113974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001441817,0.001145812,0.1181068,0.0002099252,0.0002229965,0.00001267926,0.1044901,0.0001113345,0.0002723786,0.7483258,0.007563969,0.01939405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002000649,0.0002719926,0.148802,0.0002205501,0.000164419,0.000004747101,0.00268681,0.006123854,0.0008084403,0.1549446,0.6832136,0.0007582945],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8630193,0.0003043955,0.00004406742,0.003929771,0.0009408825,0.0004077034,0.00007509546,0.000325771,0.130953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972647,0.001009431,0.0007230788,0.00006452413,0.0005679862,0.000008642975,0.00004139448,0.00002017323,0.0003001137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6756496,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617606544","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2010.09.007","title":"","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02132298217497671,"gpt":0.3935152525152533,"spread":0.3721922703402766,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005410445,0.0001338375,0.0001688772,0.000126297,0.0001734696,0.0000386298,0.0005268516,0.0002886404,0.00174042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002189277,0.0001247576,0.00007245165,0.000227006,0.0002501578,0.000031414,0.0001119467,0.00131243,0.0008769839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003989866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003937823,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009865795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001000185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984461,0.00008328808,0.0002179719,0.000410174,0.0001543547,0.0006881254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985552,0.0002518991,0.00004716759,0.0008370203,0.00008979763,0.0002188731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002909086,0.0005298572,0.1710146,0.000005688562,0.0001195117,0.000323823,0.04062232,0.000001548313,0.7195547,0.03574143,0.00175984,0.03003572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001414255,0.0002622502,0.937633,0.000002543096,0.000009136475,0.0001770146,0.0005112052,0.00003455937,0.02020678,0.01573044,0.02376258,0.0002562352],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9819769,0.0001030227,0.00005044192,0.001463683,0.003905008,0.0001533694,0.000003991503,0.0002131991,0.0121304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995859,0.000003257109,0.000640269,0.0006557237,0.0007786828,0.00005621037,0.000002825715,0.00003563096,0.001968454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7666184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360602882","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103521","title":"French V-N compounds: Plural marking, headedness endocentricity/exocentricity continuum","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lingua","topic":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Native Mental Health Association of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Plural; Endocentric and exocentric; Linguistics; Suffix; Head (geology); Verb; Meaning (existential); Compounding; Compound; Philosophy; Mathematics; History; Noun; Materials science; Noun phrase; Epistemology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04376523566687599,"gpt":0.2731471345544074,"spread":0.2293818988875314,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002536432,0.0002191461,0.0003428431,0.0002783309,0.0005246234,0.0004337238,0.0002868302,0.00005402786,0.002224897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002818934,0.0001934822,0.0002078804,0.0002277418,0.0001686102,0.00008037018,0.0001133442,0.0001976107,0.0009798669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004141251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005538622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002106228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001928454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983053,0.00004927646,0.0003768398,0.0003391358,0.0003611306,0.0005682698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990135,0.0001665632,0.0001447202,0.0002832098,0.0002559465,0.0001360916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004427395,0.0005118134,0.02661863,0.0001831872,0.000570633,0.0006111059,0.0432369,0.00009216379,0.0001415079,0.5152219,0.4096499,0.003117927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006286998,0.00003635608,0.0009262919,0.00004503079,0.0001433507,0.000002689527,0.002366758,0.002307225,0.0002771005,0.006354711,0.9865164,0.0003954425],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4531156,0.00081555,0.00006026085,0.001183119,0.005614298,0.0003111972,0.0001532217,0.001289489,0.5374573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9618305,0.00006338937,0.00002805374,0.0004063818,0.004945602,0.000009799281,0.00009853869,0.00003811405,0.03257965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5768664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999798,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}