{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"fc00738c124d","filters":{"venue":"Managing Leisure"}},"results":[{"id":"W2029224309","doi":"10.1080/13606710500445676","title":"Creating community networks: Can sporting events offer meaningful sources of social capital?","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":316,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Social capital; Construct (python library); Public relations; Community development; Capital (architecture); Marketing; Business; Sociology; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Social science; Geography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Laura Misener","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel S. Mason","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02185213628830357,"gpt":0.2786320044362718,"spread":0.2567798681479683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001757107,0.0001615443,0.0003176724,0.00009562969,0.00160951,0.00006058991,0.0003477017,0.000116866,0.00007595737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009606608,0.0001681537,0.0001320874,0.0003525684,0.000165286,0.0001675324,0.0000898345,0.0003509819,0.000003129425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001024645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007897118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06524399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0128487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998202,0.0002627257,0.0003730654,0.0001556919,0.0004585036,0.0005480005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991258,0.0001113089,0.000408465,0.0001765733,0.00009316739,0.00008472183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001534305,0.0001403736,0.8941302,0.00006193198,0.00005170598,0.00001409384,0.07726485,0.001140256,0.0000427027,0.0218813,0.001233408,0.004023792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006122685,0.00003665029,0.9249545,0.0002547564,0.000120478,0.000002345273,0.0493781,0.0002547418,0.0001223372,0.004285062,0.01949742,0.0004813083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9615861,0.0001609638,0.00009702663,0.0004242123,0.0002262448,0.0001701646,0.000003453592,0.0001314678,0.03720037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967517,0.000005933868,0.00008178216,0.00005622721,0.0006447884,0.000004371123,0.00002908476,0.0000247199,0.002401408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05239529,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972545148","doi":"10.1080/13606710701546835","title":"Reframing the service environment in the fitness industry","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Club; Marketing; Organizational culture; Cognitive reframing; Service (business); Business; Service quality; Public relations; Psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Eric MacIntosh","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alison Doherty","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02520073659047926,"gpt":0.2476386991282032,"spread":0.2224379625377239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002962751,0.0001736007,0.0001407215,0.0001296063,0.0003568233,0.0002870319,0.0007517909,0.0001413338,0.0001672813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000178092,0.0001094096,0.00004827434,0.0007910302,0.00004400916,0.0004198277,0.0002435432,0.0007737553,0.0003321386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003484517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006157426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003139066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002543784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986302,0.00003785942,0.0002711844,0.0002572007,0.0003918424,0.0004116828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991769,0.0001354839,0.0001299214,0.0005236038,0.00002534371,0.00000876711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001476714,0.0005572697,0.7562424,0.001642834,0.0001163043,0.0003899097,0.01374829,0.006974493,0.0001848407,0.09616084,0.01032945,0.1135057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004109457,0.000003283577,0.468842,0.00008334281,0.00005256837,0.000005605851,0.01792807,0.00196069,0.00001185093,0.003466629,0.5069383,0.0002967358],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9242445,0.0001750719,0.0002570598,0.04916997,0.000260457,0.0003053994,6.238982e-7,0.00008034967,0.02550661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813926,0.000004533019,0.00002011261,0.01740437,0.000873714,0.00001442481,0.00001273582,0.00001981873,0.0002577212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4966089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4745349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2141053791","doi":"10.1080/13606719.2013.849503","title":"Fiscal implications of moving to tourism finance for parks: Ontario Provincial Parks","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Tourism; Government (linguistics); Fiscal year; Business; Diversity (politics); Public finance; Agricultural economics; Economics; Finance; Economic growth; Geography; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Paul F.J. Eagles","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0412149798170597,"gpt":0.2091354051661864,"spread":0.1679204253491267,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002252608,0.000108967,0.0002496139,0.0000898397,0.00009765047,0.00003967657,0.0001778509,0.00006528528,0.0003585456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002185271,0.0001348718,0.00008676381,0.00006163417,0.00002439741,0.0002143106,0.00006477033,0.00007606893,0.0003804947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002247076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001454906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008366031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003160119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990153,0.000004823098,0.0004200391,0.000318721,0.00001925417,0.000221889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994329,0.0000318399,0.0002077571,0.0002693959,0.00001143566,0.00004670283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006087172,0.00005696853,0.9452717,0.00003329352,0.00002702819,1.391112e-7,0.0006807874,0.002426543,0.00005107025,0.03366909,0.01066236,0.00711496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002621038,0.00004913224,0.9406458,0.00001249823,0.00000609484,4.986719e-7,0.00005012153,0.002097409,0.00005465273,0.03285552,0.02379529,0.000170893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9648648,0.000118369,0.02009774,0.00279706,0.0001736658,0.0007503096,0.00006463278,0.00001922146,0.01111418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909967,0.00001083415,0.004641684,0.0002197177,0.00008725149,0.000324403,0.00003067389,0.00001885961,0.003669911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02613185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047938402","doi":"10.1080/13606710010001789","title":"Women in leisure services: managing the social-cultural nexus of gender equity","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Sport and Mega-Event Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nexus (standard); Leisure studies; Sociology; Amenity; Gender relations; Gender studies; Power (physics); Gender equity; Sociology of leisure; Public relations; Social science; Political science; Recreation; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Cara Aitchison","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05961458622266794,"gpt":0.3438323902383548,"spread":0.2842178040156869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001739788,0.0001809178,0.0003237962,0.00009112104,0.0006569835,0.0001481782,0.000636633,0.0001205452,0.0008610316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001250236,0.0001399007,0.0001088508,0.0006777702,0.0002137171,0.0004345302,0.0001059649,0.00026636,0.00004590961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002476621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009940365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005703029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002652868,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977733,0.0001802824,0.0002857707,0.0002668161,0.0005910025,0.0009028376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994081,0.00004617549,0.0001262304,0.0002341531,0.00005734124,0.0001279496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001128387,0.0002024674,0.1248572,0.0004391994,0.0001690606,0.00007828773,0.6990579,0.00109039,0.0001150715,0.03676806,0.002528689,0.1345808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001413577,0.00004453503,0.3124775,0.000216095,0.00008989246,0.000004924758,0.2019457,0.0003670719,0.00003846934,0.02881456,0.4538231,0.0007645068],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8213854,0.0003650922,0.000003420462,0.002538648,0.0001661349,0.0002398277,0.000003528541,0.00008351531,0.1752144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935552,0.0001562858,0.00001459541,0.0002814283,0.0002877553,0.00001759784,0.000008164752,0.00001838146,0.005660617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4971122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9427692,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970810358","doi":"10.1080/13606710701546868","title":"Climate change and the future of snowmobiling in non-mountainous regions of Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Recreation; Geography; Economic impact analysis; Vulnerability (computing); Liberian dollar; Snow; Physical geography; Environmental science; Business; Meteorology; Ecology; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Geoff McBoyle","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Scott","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brenda Jones","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006127111179481348,"gpt":0.220119952003352,"spread":0.2139928408238707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007573579,0.00006833558,0.0001256003,0.00002266285,0.00006867527,0.00000338953,0.0001132095,0.0000267631,0.00005445064],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001158717,0.00005134482,0.00002052795,0.0001601427,0.0002553268,0.00005406095,0.0001078877,0.00009378109,5.711565e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001787962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001149429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1490166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3723678,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992951,0.00003364663,0.0001793713,0.0001377531,0.0001574522,0.00019671],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996302,0.00006103761,0.00007408718,0.0001933881,0.000003328147,0.00003802108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000363992,0.00004615322,0.9820889,0.00007117329,0.000002676696,0.000005626238,0.004171183,0.0002134103,0.00005972823,0.00142256,0.00009645589,0.01178573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003170136,0.000009077915,0.9839496,0.00001509804,0.000004990753,0.000002207681,0.01333439,0.0002706296,0.00009512611,0.0005710591,0.00137232,0.00005850751],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931592,0.0002249761,0.00002793331,0.002279217,0.00007730499,0.0002711196,0.000001785535,0.000003286478,0.003955222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995429,0.00009159305,0.00007377852,0.0001825841,0.0000223398,0.000008167071,0.00000109335,0.000004979902,0.00007259456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2233513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8566502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084671228","doi":"10.1080/13606710600720739","title":"Institutional readiness and grant success among public recreation agencies","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Managing Leisure","topic":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Recreation; Foundation (evidence); Public relations; Business; Public administration; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Martha Barnes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Russell E. Brayley","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02603093617420741,"gpt":0.2642587646642335,"spread":0.2382278284900261,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004517483,0.0000803353,0.00009719283,0.0001033938,0.0007850658,0.0002352953,0.0001186611,0.00005700469,0.0000447441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004566472,0.00007935712,0.00002573428,0.0002867072,0.0002784676,0.0005344736,0.00003207881,0.00008029086,0.000005246315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009377591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005822177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02687082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01783136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999167,0.00005957622,0.0001118988,0.0001806866,0.0002458304,0.000235006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997222,0.00003310685,0.00004246053,0.00008308636,0.00006479173,0.00005433188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002043523,0.000008221671,0.8593166,0.00002199447,0.00000562449,0.00000753969,0.0009793941,0.00004108248,0.000118027,0.137112,0.0002670952,0.002120345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001423901,0.000005368235,0.9651008,0.00004144675,0.00001139913,0.000001790533,0.001138595,0.0004023556,0.00006738331,0.004719218,0.02820473,0.0001644987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9475425,0.0002674342,0.00146489,0.001108048,0.000267555,0.0001229957,0.000002265432,0.0001410061,0.04908333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976271,0.00004099067,0.0001429332,0.00001632598,0.0003463142,0.0000124143,0.00001601587,0.000007172843,0.001790674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1323928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}