{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":34,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":34,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"cd7da71c477a","filters":{"venue":"Manchester School"}},"results":[{"id":"W1893546658","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02230.x","title":"LOW PAY, IN‐WORK POVERTY AND ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS USING EU‐SILC*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Vulnerability (computing); Economics; Earnings; Demographic economics; European union; Work (physics); Household income; Eu countries; Development economics; Labour economics; Economic growth; Geography; Economic policy","authors":[{"name":"Bertrand Maître","is_ca":true},{"name":"Brian Nolan","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher T. Whelan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1317913759495197,"gpt":0.394370556277423,"spread":0.2625791803279033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004414237,0.0001923052,0.0005223763,0.0001883693,0.0003392472,0.00001426077,0.0001142818,0.0001118788,0.0007269308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000346311,0.000144129,0.00008542479,0.0002808633,0.00006883885,0.0002298106,0.000218885,0.0004258296,0.000152793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002166011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006669194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005891473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00205265,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998323,0.0003532671,0.0004707292,0.0003807603,0.00007962355,0.000392594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991758,0.0001870582,0.0001509556,0.0003222573,0.00003897725,0.0001249626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006621744,0.00004085077,0.9861471,0.00004049878,0.0002423334,0.00000285908,0.01168279,0.00001388327,0.000006027297,0.0001087579,0.001502381,0.0001463052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005832477,0.00002847496,0.9949743,0.00009423243,0.0001778451,1.928816e-7,0.002233698,0.0002973179,0.00002353617,0.0005872186,0.0008055166,0.0001944302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926637,0.00013113,0.0001826629,0.0005806268,0.000230479,0.0004625731,0.00001030194,0.00004264775,0.005695915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974867,0.00001879407,0.0003306587,0.001306048,0.0001174533,0.00008351525,0.000005887166,0.00001108215,0.0006399308],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00944909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7959382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1595092441","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02236.x","title":"INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONIZATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business cycle; Synchronization (alternating current); Perspective (graphical); Shock (circulatory); Economics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Exchange rate; Secular variation; Monetary economics; Econometrics; Keynesian economics; Geography; Demography; Computer science; Sociology; Telecommunications","authors":[{"name":"Michael D. Bordo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Helbling","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06796834571363924,"gpt":0.2167489947988112,"spread":0.1487806490851719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001779722,0.0001079593,0.000198018,0.0002587174,0.00002877631,0.00003666127,0.0002175062,0.00007504151,0.00264028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009744926,0.0001339257,0.00004642538,0.0001479363,0.00001590311,0.0005265612,0.0000478732,0.0001191113,0.001770992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001173845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001312233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002407664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000340084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990949,0.000008316464,0.0003703818,0.0003022045,0.00001836337,0.0002058357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995548,0.000007921659,0.0001299734,0.0002165952,0.00001558952,0.00007513964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005768493,0.0002240977,0.9695681,0.00001690285,0.00004885429,0.00001554848,0.003328551,0.000605746,0.000004148671,0.02124756,0.004008889,0.0008739516],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005977816,0.00002214008,0.9503631,0.000009911109,0.000002201131,0.000008012305,0.00008100994,0.006071123,0.00001060106,0.02229295,0.02030996,0.0002311878],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6938276,0.0007279274,0.01259873,0.002583168,0.001956133,0.0002323545,0.00002734416,0.00006967717,0.2879771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968861,0.00006296749,0.0008744292,0.000337241,0.0002529703,0.00001656695,0.000006797626,0.00001628324,0.001546685],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3030585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121449245","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2009.02151.x","title":"INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION AND REGIONAL INEQUALITIES: HOW IMPORTANT IS NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE?*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Inequality; Economic integration; Economics; Liberalization; International trade; Economic geography; Distribution (mathematics); Free trade; Globalization; International economics; Economic system; Market economy","authors":[{"name":"Kristian Behrens","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05625759152463895,"gpt":0.2202201428972098,"spread":0.1639625513725709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003054526,0.0001620057,0.0002560176,0.0002683564,0.00006950379,0.0001657834,0.0002191748,0.00009914741,0.001845158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007492134,0.000169352,0.0001169182,0.00009651807,0.00006381191,0.0005384361,0.00007339134,0.0001423094,0.00009891924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001215357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002994304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001831729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003084608,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988461,0.00000892195,0.000511125,0.0003985953,0.00007514002,0.0001600914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999245,0.00001867231,0.0003613377,0.0001711853,0.00008956402,0.0001141874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004904933,0.0000590188,0.4995499,0.00001548353,0.0002833115,0.000004259128,0.00272675,0.000004235358,0.0000311572,0.4744655,0.02135212,0.001459232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000740872,0.00006757898,0.3598551,0.00002134796,0.0000133007,0.00002713721,0.0005257152,0.01731574,0.0001073804,0.4478312,0.1729574,0.0005372936],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8335904,0.001158928,0.02641879,0.02961917,0.001346333,0.0004169207,0.0005171309,0.00009839648,0.1068339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913108,0.0004149736,0.003318008,0.002873998,0.0003041369,0.00003093908,0.00006758379,0.000017601,0.0016619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1577204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027108666","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00225","title":"Real Interest Rate Parity under Regime Shifts and Implications for Monetary Policy","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Cointegration; Interest rate; Interest rate parity; Real interest rate; Econometrics; Monetary policy; Fisher hypothesis; Sample (material); International Fisher effect; Convergence (economics); Macroeconomics; Parity (physics); Monetary economics","authors":[{"name":"Jyh‐Lin Wu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stilianos Fountas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09338088210340362,"gpt":0.2683794310509103,"spread":0.1749985489475067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000314816,0.0001887284,0.0003341357,0.0001586483,0.0001445983,0.0001425228,0.0002050469,0.0001197265,0.0005531478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004029716,0.0002211125,0.00010183,0.00009285662,0.00006148432,0.000446114,0.00004264226,0.0001399994,0.000922033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001003342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002351571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001106386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007669904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998625,0.00001711052,0.0004849295,0.0004632229,0.000008022031,0.0004017445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990503,0.00006550508,0.0001396423,0.0005046798,0.000005869844,0.0002339779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004884103,0.0003540353,0.5104606,0.0002079797,0.0005846453,0.000003513646,0.001775774,0.001724686,0.000118873,0.3805416,0.07302589,0.030714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006269765,0.00005864787,0.8085849,0.000008053051,0.00000845433,0.000006522623,0.00001238649,0.001533,0.00001096587,0.1565302,0.03236087,0.0002590428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9694118,0.0004399005,0.0007629668,0.01590745,0.00008506498,0.0003739695,0.0003298021,0.00005460217,0.01263441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908944,0.0006980519,0.0006996903,0.002848904,0.0004319937,0.00008171862,0.00005560601,0.00003036151,0.004259252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2981244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986887097","doi":"10.1046/j.1467-9957.2003.00373.x","title":"Bounds Tests of the Gibson Paradox and the Fisher Effect: Evidence from Low‐Frequency International Data","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Fisher hypothesis; Economics; Nominal interest rate; Econometrics; International Fisher effect; Interest rate; Inflation (cosmology); Empirical evidence; Fisher equation; Real interest rate; Macroeconomics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Frank J. Atkins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Apostolos Serletis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07344543159051883,"gpt":0.2448518806655251,"spread":0.1714064490750063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009635103,0.0001404565,0.0002875659,0.00004346521,0.00008303621,0.000149061,0.0008661698,0.00006811749,0.000628079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009780325,0.00009629838,0.00007281272,0.00007267128,0.0001533584,0.0006600273,0.0002018261,0.0001877371,0.000246444],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004508192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001816677,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009418729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005739383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988856,0.0000713221,0.0004471844,0.000369733,0.0000395961,0.0001865399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981695,0.0003447793,0.0002878357,0.001131617,0.000006487621,0.00005971502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000413643,0.00001905201,0.9912159,0.00002109674,0.00009775797,8.529222e-7,0.0004008651,0.00003886398,0.00001945204,0.003149842,0.004587558,0.0004073393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001364309,0.00003156665,0.9568279,0.00009001166,0.00002204907,0.00000905163,0.00001797058,0.003337665,0.0001491338,0.02849795,0.009455971,0.0001963639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876579,0.003016978,0.0001783408,0.002617468,0.0007591647,0.000262428,0.0001861999,0.00000866288,0.005312825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979597,0.0002106832,0.0002539268,0.000826426,0.0001470215,0.00001686116,0.00001201673,0.00001238783,0.0005609727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.034388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6877025,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121623253","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00298","title":"Does Institutional Change Really Matter? Inflation Targets, Central Bank Reform and Interest Rate Policy in the OECD Countries","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Monetary policy; Inflation targeting; Economics; Inflation (cosmology); Central bank; Interest rate; Monetary economics; Real interest rate; Macroeconomics; International economics; Economic policy","authors":[{"name":"V. Anton Muscatelli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Patrizio Tirelli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carmine Trecroci","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07710525328986398,"gpt":0.2391614495694515,"spread":0.1620561962795875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006905068,0.0003732704,0.0005280716,0.000471532,0.000139239,0.0004640966,0.0004635073,0.0003211338,0.0009647393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004468223,0.0002766963,0.0001142695,0.00006914319,0.0001298784,0.000747135,0.0003338079,0.0006834727,0.001170565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007567303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000049069,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005523193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007107127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978796,0.00005419936,0.0008695543,0.0006046647,0.00003888579,0.0005531139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987376,0.00003745392,0.0004800589,0.0006020658,0.000008414063,0.0001344117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001297113,0.000118302,0.9379691,0.0008957942,0.0001851666,0.00003284035,0.0123632,0.0007677575,0.000001373275,0.04103978,0.005281467,0.001215522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004817553,0.00002550997,0.9192648,0.00009629073,0.000007885505,0.00001215636,0.0000770783,0.002916796,0.000004774083,0.02452526,0.05217662,0.0004110738],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613572,0.001855504,0.0001607712,0.02385678,0.001205143,0.000905691,0.001010924,0.00003735824,0.009610624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890774,0.002037493,0.000106504,0.006180985,0.001508478,0.000165674,0.0001888679,0.00002783617,0.0007067478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04689516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2117775009","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2006.00507.x","title":"DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASURES OF CAPACITY UTILIZATION: A NON-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF US MANUFACTURING*","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"PricewaterhouseCoopers (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Constraint (computer-aided design); Economics; Measure (data warehouse); Econometrics; Capacity utilization; Manufacturing sector; Microeconomics; Variable (mathematics); Parametric statistics; Mathematics; Statistics; Macroeconomics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Subhash C. Ray","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kankana Mukherjee","is_ca":false},{"name":"Yanna Wu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06456497342822203,"gpt":0.2188864512094426,"spread":0.1543214777812205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003567084,0.0001452488,0.0007074669,0.0009652108,0.00003844,0.0000334194,0.000152865,0.0001053072,0.00009656668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007893673,0.0001621194,0.0001805611,0.000667395,0.00008223517,0.0001796353,0.00004998881,0.00008407458,0.00002789235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004909998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008082759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008666623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001115811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987289,0.000016359,0.0006903763,0.0003287012,0.00003878938,0.0001968524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990883,0.00006185966,0.0004379159,0.0003236358,0.00001958595,0.00006872112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001675549,0.00007491688,0.9960943,0.00007991477,0.0004188954,5.749425e-7,0.0001238712,0.0004526424,0.00003621102,0.002072924,0.000269013,0.0003599108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002855495,0.00003070969,0.9795661,0.000008379239,0.000105296,7.550241e-7,0.000007705832,0.001254445,0.01172639,0.005724253,0.001128299,0.0001621187],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.96443,0.000505775,0.0007019507,0.00004030189,0.00006587578,0.0001139694,0.0001267491,0.00001417645,0.03400116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993332,0.00002920998,0.000327594,0.00006548363,0.00005302007,0.00001060441,0.00001253349,0.00001217971,0.0001561604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03490317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6611036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069005377","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00205","title":"Short‐run Real Exchange Rate Dynamics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Cointegration; Econometrics; Us dollar; Exchange rate; Volatility (finance); Liberian dollar; Quarter (Canadian coin); Short run; Error correction model; Monetary economics","authors":[{"name":"Jerry Coakley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana-Marı́a Fuertes","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05447194068345335,"gpt":0.2213201808755254,"spread":0.166848240192072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004327309,0.0002277244,0.0003982,0.0001447036,0.0001022337,0.0001404682,0.0003029756,0.0001424746,0.0112611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000172476,0.0002730054,0.0001424951,0.0001128701,0.00004093795,0.0005137228,0.00004371326,0.0002137878,0.01625782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002044577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009553121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004736459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007032644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983939,0.00002064932,0.0005695173,0.0004781537,0.00002053178,0.0005172656],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990399,0.0000235995,0.00009742269,0.0005920895,0.000004395231,0.0002426077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002798431,0.0003184946,0.7814053,0.0002101681,0.0003962166,0.00008140213,0.002339221,0.002844292,0.00001272854,0.02165149,0.07386313,0.1165977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007684245,0.00009993504,0.7923951,0.00001828748,0.00001263491,0.00002047771,0.00004060601,0.03686645,0.00002487411,0.01231376,0.1566802,0.0007591844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8365336,0.0003781774,0.0002534534,0.0009100632,0.0002888457,0.0001830149,0.0001615665,0.0000796447,0.1612116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673523,0.0008064639,0.0002694597,0.001444073,0.0004556088,0.00003346684,0.00006320398,0.00004188775,0.02953348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1316781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161626133","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00302","title":"Policymakers’ Revealed Preferences and the Output–Inflation Variability Trade–off: Implications for the European System of Central Banks","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inflation (cosmology); Economics; Accession; Monetary policy; European union; Shock (circulatory); Inflation targeting; European monetary union; Monetary economics; International economics; Quarter (Canadian coin); Geography","authors":[{"name":"Stephen G. Cecchetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret M. McConnell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gabriel Pérez‐Quirós","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08370049322218358,"gpt":0.2189171045895037,"spread":0.1352166113673201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001389409,0.0001284936,0.0002863358,0.00004991796,0.0001879263,0.00009069366,0.0002734661,0.00005221572,0.0000528563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001750689,0.00009001881,0.000120782,0.00007386357,0.0001248891,0.00019331,0.00003988039,0.0001132331,0.00005229445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000566878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005729094,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001262432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008238997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987411,0.0001055848,0.0006142659,0.0002679651,0.00001665728,0.0002544579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986838,0.0003480422,0.0003561925,0.0005257592,0.000007710276,0.00007853315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001633084,0.0001268798,0.673351,0.0004734474,0.0004955182,2.575086e-7,0.01197189,0.001528403,0.00001053433,0.2569597,0.01425045,0.04066857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009841971,0.00002523613,0.9654986,0.0000127837,0.00002887816,0.000004943122,0.00008868028,0.02033233,0.00000282625,0.005621854,0.007282725,0.0001169417],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.896506,0.003164926,0.0134979,0.02759479,0.0004928912,0.002652356,0.0007537548,0.00008005746,0.05525735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986605,0.0001487846,0.0001733976,0.0003463418,0.0002588734,0.00006765479,0.000006944393,0.00001370898,0.0003237833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2921475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3670861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109845323","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2009.02100.x","title":"TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER UNDER RETURNS TO SCALE*","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Cournot competition; Innovator; Returns to scale; Economics; Duopoly; Scale (ratio); Microeconomics; Technology transfer; Constant (computer programming); Economies of scale; Industrial organization; Econometrics; Production (economics); Computer science; International trade; Entrepreneurship; Finance; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Debapriya Sen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Giorgos Stamatopoulos","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06284477973001545,"gpt":0.2199922216611149,"spread":0.1571474419310994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001138673,0.0001713692,0.0001616409,0.0003218122,0.0001160683,0.0002019923,0.0003203686,0.0001330527,0.001563115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003948728,0.0001400372,0.0000612088,0.0005883508,0.00002237396,0.0005223618,0.00005888111,0.0002289636,0.007559632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002519526,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009133824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001555671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002472757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990086,0.000005165155,0.000191623,0.0002969361,0.0001553822,0.000342325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995751,0.000005580529,0.00001866802,0.0002904852,0.0000844948,0.00002571401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002024583,0.001608337,0.09307538,0.0006413389,0.0002856927,0.0002409137,0.002299802,0.0007432275,0.08686225,0.08792145,0.4764509,0.2478461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003470581,0.0004688955,0.2072217,0.000576231,0.0002234224,0.00003819728,0.001592477,0.001553059,0.01912896,0.1141164,0.6488672,0.00274288],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9101323,0.0000568647,0.003920016,0.02283993,0.0004062245,0.000411971,7.795165e-7,0.0003764582,0.06185544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9617156,0.000002118889,0.0001871059,0.03541737,0.000625958,0.00001455088,0.000004610414,0.00001791589,0.002014808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2451032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159669216","doi":"10.1111/manc.12135","title":"Using Panel Data to Estimate Income Under‐Reporting by the Self‐Employed","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Marsden Fund","keywords":"Panel data; Economics; Econometrics; Point (geometry); Quarter (Canadian coin); Mathematics; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Bonggeun Kim","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Gibson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chul Chung","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3693045659351299,"gpt":0.3536840840601452,"spread":0.01562048187498466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008488747,0.0001418502,0.0002759601,0.00006283668,0.0001639504,0.0001984816,0.0005597859,0.0000399737,0.00004053997],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005212172,0.0001266429,0.00003604271,0.0002083525,0.00002333067,0.0003410754,0.000549397,0.000131837,0.0009709481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001207906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003478406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00012504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002992333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984814,0.00001577874,0.0007523971,0.0004219987,0.0000595477,0.0002688705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981558,0.00002519165,0.0007363739,0.0008905266,0.00004057757,0.0001515519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001559845,0.0000720693,0.9610816,0.00003310445,0.0001284534,0.000006514659,0.001322258,0.001060702,0.00006346583,0.003365074,0.03207261,0.0007785687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001084556,0.00007571121,0.7802675,0.00006335309,0.00002998507,0.00004028346,0.001196427,0.01514522,0.00009062934,0.01694152,0.1842402,0.0008245613],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9384568,0.001444087,0.04561112,0.004819361,0.0008603242,0.0004553506,0.000123802,0.0002079604,0.00802114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899006,0.000007230843,0.0075271,0.00150972,0.0001392592,0.00002315694,0.000015535,0.00002469839,0.000852716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.180814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047092676","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00280","title":"Patent Licensing: The Inside Story","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Monopolistic competition; Industrial organization; Business; Economics; Commerce; Microeconomics; Monopoly","authors":[{"name":"Morton I. Kamien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yair Tauman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2235739687198995,"gpt":0.2035365490809689,"spread":0.02003741963893055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000221078,0.0001567669,0.000115177,0.00008197953,0.0003289551,0.0003454484,0.0002864892,0.00005774451,0.002810575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001416771,0.00009745211,0.0000761114,0.0002041685,0.00004655282,0.0006452601,0.0001655176,0.0003095496,0.01834518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002661454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000403964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005580165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001720434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991121,0.00002180106,0.0001611256,0.0002167175,0.0002084148,0.0002798866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994549,0.0000312943,0.00007910099,0.0003365075,0.00008208146,0.00001615223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008381845,0.0002217054,0.02317375,0.0001804407,0.00009776401,0.00007177537,0.001588515,0.00007508806,0.0005141341,0.001238929,0.8987904,0.07396365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000422518,0.00001406017,0.0177657,0.00005722148,0.00004045154,0.00000769146,0.0002988577,0.00925009,0.0001090406,0.0003629833,0.9713769,0.0002944894],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7616482,0.0007188781,0.0002516984,0.01325229,0.001934708,0.0005773417,7.179617e-7,0.0003335479,0.2212826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.970381,0.0000133156,0.00002603595,0.02074507,0.001436706,0.00001486129,0.000002752273,0.00002484166,0.00735541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2139272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2151889011","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00299","title":"Does Inflation Targeting Affect the Trade–off Between Output Gap and Inflation Variability?","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inflation targeting; Economics; Transparency (behavior); Monetary policy; Output gap; Inflation (cosmology); Monetary economics; Volatility (finance); International economics; Econometrics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Philip Arestis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guglielmo Maria Caporale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrea Cipollini","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06271176390799423,"gpt":0.2212288725725044,"spread":0.1585171086645102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001075838,0.0001790579,0.0002981638,0.0001081154,0.000190551,0.000196903,0.0001588676,0.0001266376,0.0004883319],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002612572,0.0001299602,0.00008108937,0.00009441577,0.00005198839,0.0007162132,0.00005415573,0.0002341857,0.0005697678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007746099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000350819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005739377,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004180122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986576,0.00006141781,0.0005763683,0.0003749141,0.00002923513,0.0003003968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990407,0.0002109434,0.0002743247,0.0003571815,0.000004058436,0.0001128274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005445066,0.00001368917,0.9883633,0.00003469277,0.0000488635,4.399976e-7,0.001506672,0.000379395,0.000005798488,0.001049033,0.002165855,0.006426831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003973573,0.0000376542,0.9294949,0.0000107889,0.00001456147,0.000001535447,0.00003736964,0.02413019,0.0000299124,0.01252758,0.0330669,0.000251219],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872468,0.0004988006,0.001164884,0.004874095,0.0002745821,0.0003592447,0.00004409567,0.00004922027,0.005488266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977221,0.0001001237,0.0002538731,0.0005301529,0.0006818715,0.00002265888,0.00001716303,0.00001983148,0.0006522623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05886834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7323403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1551834366","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02246.x","title":"COST ASYMMETRIES AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN VERTICALLY RELATED MARKETS*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidy; Economics; Cournot competition; Competition (biology); Production (economics); Microeconomics; Intermediate good; Production cost; Industrial organization; Market economy; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Yasushi Kawabata","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07257218844234531,"gpt":0.230171501840363,"spread":0.1575993133980177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003844344,0.0001121263,0.0002762335,0.0005367792,0.0000373892,0.0000595169,0.0001321418,0.0001240482,0.002883451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003036997,0.0001278858,0.00006136597,0.0004753697,0.00004641385,0.0002028671,0.00006766374,0.0002099734,0.0008451527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006319626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000219762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002246132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003253855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989333,0.00002806483,0.0004994342,0.0002881358,0.00002973012,0.0002213096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994837,0.0000255763,0.00009683474,0.000239274,0.00001165316,0.0001429452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005713878,0.000071088,0.9051119,0.000008378453,0.00005189027,0.000009908166,0.0005386801,6.584928e-7,0.000002371104,0.09072478,0.0008374435,0.002585785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001238688,0.00003692034,0.9492041,0.00001776909,0.000008756212,0.000004499366,0.0001026573,0.000248219,0.00005342916,0.02808187,0.02076375,0.000239373],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7464231,0.0008617003,0.00086238,0.001765598,0.0003378861,0.0002893216,0.00002833429,0.00006016469,0.2493715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972576,0.0001441331,0.0002381623,0.000551721,0.0000710455,0.00002350119,0.00000553757,0.00001256442,0.001695746],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2508345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4254395188","doi":"10.1111/manc.12354","title":"Cryptocurrency shocks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Cryptocurrency; Economics; Bond; Financial market; Bivariate analysis; Monetary economics; Stock market; Bond market; Foreign exchange; Stock (firearms); Asset (computer security); Financial economics; Econometrics; Finance; Context (archaeology)","authors":[{"name":"Jinan Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sajjadur Rahman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Apostolos Serletis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01874814809256779,"gpt":0.2313284031207841,"spread":0.2125802550282163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006963161,0.0001050602,0.0001115685,0.00003708591,0.00008440544,0.00008735758,0.001142247,0.00009062976,0.00007970657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000371823,0.0001010229,0.00004587561,0.0003803653,0.00003194202,0.0002146529,0.0003757557,0.0002635874,0.0009417309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001391813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003263699,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001152539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.198929e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991306,0.00001896313,0.0001551003,0.0003800332,0.0001160453,0.0001992784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991322,0.00001575131,0.00004285928,0.000603798,0.0000336704,0.0001717115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009450891,0.0001940459,0.03028187,0.00006971238,0.0000470422,0.00004291423,0.002757739,0.00002058434,0.001760719,0.6935709,0.07662034,0.1946247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001850114,0.0004555598,0.06358769,0.00003968664,0.00002786423,0.00006115397,0.0001629116,0.1101304,0.01659141,0.1537795,0.6517309,0.001582846],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02973502,0.00025079,0.9323066,0.03326152,0.0001085722,0.0002093995,0.000001299981,0.0008211092,0.003305643],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621906,0.00000888987,0.03279566,0.004771252,0.000105291,0.00007344209,0.000001169928,0.000006320082,0.00004735752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9324556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4366551344","doi":"10.1111/manc.12437","title":"The effect of changes in the terms of trade on GDP and welfare: A Divisia approach to the System of National Accounts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Divisia index; Economics; Consumption (sociology); Imperfect competition; Index (typography); Measures of national income and output; Welfare; Price index; National accounts; Divisia monetary aggregates index; National Income and Product Accounts; Pigou effect; Microeconomics; Econometrics; Macroeconomics; Open market operation; Monetary policy; Mathematics; Energy (signal processing)","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas Oulton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02254279057074788,"gpt":0.2259385147010317,"spread":0.2033957241302838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002081726,0.00008792728,0.00023945,0.0001281014,0.00006737271,0.0000284655,0.0003627004,0.00004355629,0.000005029417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009793799,0.00004987228,0.00005086649,0.0002156306,0.00005137728,0.00004953587,0.00005513956,0.00009596785,0.00003218925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002762451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004125142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003127957,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002421607,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999289,0.00007678202,0.0003198136,0.0001513723,0.00003329386,0.0001297485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991325,0.0003497555,0.0002057734,0.000287703,0.000004389865,0.0000198804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001694499,0.00004756155,0.1547673,0.0005725947,0.00009772574,5.172827e-7,0.007019464,0.0003600575,0.00002786741,0.8327372,0.001771143,0.002429086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008016864,0.0002907167,0.9805902,0.00008381483,0.000008235562,0.000005017037,0.001085595,0.0008288696,0.0004774934,0.006185289,0.009498846,0.0001442311],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851609,0.0001120815,0.000008425714,0.00343177,0.0001044848,0.0004189115,0.0001562378,0.000005868563,0.01060126],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995334,0.00002134433,0.000004560586,0.0001610734,0.0000756507,0.0001042579,0.0000033046,0.000008017804,0.00008844932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8265519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2033733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083666942","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2005.00466.x","title":"INVESTIGATING OKUN's LAW BY THE STRUCTURAL BREAK WITH THRESHOLD APPROACH: EVIDENCE FROM CANADA*","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Unemployment and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Okun's law; Structural break; Economics; Econometrics; Empirical evidence; Macroeconomics; Unemployment; Unemployment rate","authors":[{"name":"Ho‐Chuan Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ya‐Kai Chang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03565532697481392,"gpt":0.1909068244377692,"spread":0.1552514974629553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000214279,0.0002271984,0.0003006431,0.00002956331,0.0002162728,0.0002543822,0.0005108643,0.00006705835,0.0003052154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002452156,0.0001814917,0.0000495438,0.00009865857,0.0001046612,0.0006738307,0.00009792398,0.000279876,0.0001763657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002513906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006434182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2192567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1375573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985971,0.00001281007,0.0004533911,0.0004972818,0.00006307587,0.0003762963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989914,0.00005311423,0.0002600029,0.0005182284,0.00001314858,0.0001641494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001556728,0.00001603975,0.9489243,0.00001903905,0.0001171804,0.000001578991,0.0009190539,0.0005897815,0.00004859942,0.02105485,0.02798169,0.0003123001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003914389,0.0002155868,0.7818891,0.0002900001,0.0001060148,0.00005176984,0.00122096,0.0469621,0.004069973,0.03300775,0.1250708,0.003201516],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804172,0.001871372,0.0002479995,0.003858102,0.0001453837,0.0002389228,0.00008579478,0.00003720279,0.01309805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925614,0.00001362454,0.001752932,0.004494394,0.0003625278,0.00004362816,0.00003177134,0.000031796,0.0007079544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1670352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.87818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2333458502","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02211.x","title":"PLASTIC CLASHES: COMPETITION AMONG CLOSED AND OPEN PAYMENT SYSTEMS*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Council of Ministers of Education","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Issuer; Payment; Payment card; Business; Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Set (abstract data type); Market share; Economics; Commerce; Marketing; Finance; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Fabio M. Manenti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ernesto Somma","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03786941723769091,"gpt":0.1922286292279086,"spread":0.1543592119902177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001469194,0.0001449126,0.0001874916,0.00008347858,0.00008811186,0.002130744,0.0002580096,0.00005115908,0.000216753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001972002,0.000127793,0.00002782945,0.00006357831,0.00003409801,0.006477353,0.0003851535,0.00007756385,0.0009591904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002790791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007499247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003251614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008907387,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992443,0.000001118627,0.0002394995,0.0002422208,0.00006855706,0.0002042779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996018,0.00001376278,0.0001370807,0.0001885419,0.00002868819,0.00003014867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002300318,0.0002940703,0.7435661,0.0009757069,0.0001470307,0.00004624906,0.000298239,0.0001074346,0.00003341743,0.2402506,0.009933462,0.004117608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001909472,0.00005389209,0.9426752,0.0003470408,0.00008198249,0.000007036093,0.002281198,0.008568914,0.00002213513,0.01468888,0.02863356,0.0007307451],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9010645,0.0000198759,0.0002270771,0.00001990291,0.0004434511,0.0003432188,0.000001634864,0.00005615427,0.09782417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985772,0.000003532117,0.00007534483,0.0005341253,0.0003185853,0.00004715223,0.00002267267,0.00002035099,0.0004010442],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2255618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998187,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2936763051","doi":"10.1111/manc.12296","title":"Some International Evidence for Keynesian Economics Without the Phillips Curve","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; New Keynesian economics; Phillips curve; Keynesian economics; Marginal cost; Econometrics; Monetary policy; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Roger E. A. Farmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Giovanni Nicolò","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1261050895487553,"gpt":0.2704477643601875,"spread":0.1443426748114322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006760606,0.0001957825,0.0003378717,0.0001171294,0.00009416537,0.0002326641,0.0006672651,0.00009712836,0.0008121946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001316281,0.0001828087,0.0002001139,0.00004120435,0.00004193525,0.001175668,0.00009778169,0.0001698696,0.005832832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001708544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002629524,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000927399,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001064281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985518,0.00001301837,0.0005685402,0.00048013,0.00002047592,0.0003660569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987565,0.0001445372,0.0003337845,0.0006396569,0.00001116537,0.0001143778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001790944,0.00005126881,0.9040437,0.00006714041,0.0002604306,6.303957e-7,0.0006990316,0.003523684,0.00001248129,0.07955358,0.01059631,0.001012641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002289164,0.0001944394,0.3915193,0.00008044281,0.00002377428,0.00002178631,0.0001426512,0.08260015,0.0001319165,0.1233149,0.3987504,0.0009311125],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785256,0.001315597,0.001120043,0.01078308,0.002601927,0.0007963884,0.0001586861,0.00004018889,0.00465852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871289,0.0003565091,0.0006047743,0.00382483,0.001352926,0.00009841734,0.00002068787,0.00003572266,0.006577245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5125244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9949412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2103990367","doi":"10.1111/1467-9957.00180","title":"Financing Constraints and Investment Decline in Mexico","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Economics; Debt; Order (exchange); Panel data; Foreign direct investment; External financing; Monetary economics; Finance; Macroeconomics; Econometrics; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Talan B. İşan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02579506872489939,"gpt":0.2123019442659916,"spread":0.1865068755410922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003108721,0.0001351116,0.0002885241,0.0001289685,0.00004128924,0.00006703882,0.0001265253,0.00008740334,0.001262761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004426729,0.0001616725,0.00004161144,0.00009270068,0.00008537428,0.000255687,0.00005374097,0.000157518,0.001641451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007926617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001207362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007189457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004287674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988354,0.000009720487,0.000494527,0.0003498486,0.00001510364,0.000295424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995483,0.00002415205,0.00007911512,0.0002168852,0.000002896772,0.0001286567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004435672,0.00009493499,0.8956761,0.00004819251,0.00002475816,0.00001857362,0.0007842663,0.00006041315,0.000007049888,0.08884715,0.002945169,0.01144898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001112717,0.00004033339,0.7471298,0.00003022914,0.000001864704,0.00001315326,0.00002968134,0.001037197,0.00005475512,0.2140738,0.03620915,0.0002673046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8634067,0.0005445043,0.00006084271,0.001958851,0.00008241738,0.0001333775,0.00002285264,0.00002050833,0.1337699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901823,0.00005700495,0.0005384836,0.008238366,0.00009213591,0.00002500959,0.000004585353,0.00001475939,0.0008473702],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1485463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900303813","doi":"10.1111/manc.12495","title":"Consumption response to aggregate shocks and the role of leverage","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Association for Applied Econometrics; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Financial crisis; Survey data collection; Monetary economics; Consumption (sociology); Economics; Asset (computer security); Demand shock; Business; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Agnes Kovacs","is_ca":false},{"name":"May Rostom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip Bunn","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01719402745464249,"gpt":0.2112351292216846,"spread":0.1940411017670421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001124122,0.00009547724,0.0002238958,0.0001464772,0.0000472742,0.0001739055,0.0001232259,0.00005544518,0.0002335985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001143792,0.00008585332,0.00006479085,0.00008596066,0.00006346709,0.0001675648,0.0000837741,0.0001132527,0.0009332463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005038845,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000141219,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002808696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000753639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992194,0.00003060014,0.0003335324,0.0002506834,0.00001667964,0.0001491415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994477,0.0001457743,0.00006977415,0.0002581725,0.000007732323,0.00007083316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007700766,0.0001152032,0.5713488,0.0006600407,0.0005327458,0.00004002306,0.01987065,0.0003961373,0.001856192,0.2524889,0.006695955,0.1382946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002890052,0.0001588634,0.2426165,0.0002912534,0.00004331819,0.00004343174,0.000370517,0.02488429,0.001592026,0.1370976,0.5892058,0.000806326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826629,0.003342738,0.0007771361,0.00143943,0.0003037888,0.0001912295,0.00002429473,0.00003548342,0.01122303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980183,0.0003457911,0.0002234123,0.0002825852,0.00007158281,0.00002222443,0.000001380061,0.00001809276,0.001016608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5825098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405592239","doi":"10.1111/manc.12507","title":"Inflation Persistence in the G7: The Effects of the Covid‐19 Pandemic and of the Russia‐Ukraine War","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Persistence (discontinuity); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Inflation (cosmology); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Development economics; Economics; Biology; Medicine; Virology; Geology; Physics; Outbreak; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Nuruddeen Usman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luis A. Gil‐Alana","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02788312807775045,"gpt":0.2247063368359165,"spread":0.196823208758166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001346668,0.00009489621,0.0001634115,0.00004566892,0.00008886147,0.00004679135,0.0004143799,0.00006240147,0.0000301574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005272155,0.00004549467,0.0001073175,0.0003008152,0.0001340408,0.00009605357,0.0001348477,0.0002569992,0.000003554926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005410267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003331469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001136218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001253157,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991704,0.0001054536,0.0003454137,0.0002011116,0.00005816251,0.0001194809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988269,0.0004505379,0.0001606867,0.0005261189,0.000009797972,0.00002595713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009330998,0.00001411139,0.9894813,0.0003196825,0.00002053282,4.555701e-7,0.003480353,0.00001582734,0.00004031682,0.005748156,0.0002262305,0.0006437505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00020362,0.00002037584,0.9597321,0.00006612708,0.00001326413,0.000005293894,0.0001631813,0.0186401,0.00001016548,0.01320502,0.007873238,0.00006750129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902657,0.003551714,0.000164499,0.00346201,0.0002753845,0.0004772266,0.00002603505,0.000006671957,0.001770817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998795,0.0002420471,0.00001306053,0.0006265311,0.00003442785,0.00002739244,9.557697e-7,0.000006911458,0.0002536354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02974914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1855219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052698456","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2008.01079.x","title":"THE DECLINE IN THE VOLATILITY OF THE BUSINESS CYCLES IN THE UK","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Volatility (finance); Economics; Business cycle; Unemployment; Monetary economics; Econometrics; Dynamic factor; Variance (accounting); Structural break; Monetary policy; Macroeconomics","authors":[{"name":"Christina Atanasova","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jianhua Gang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08343783628665835,"gpt":0.2279483722522934,"spread":0.1445105359656351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001704601,0.0001306734,0.0002363601,0.00005980307,0.0001985677,0.00006640157,0.001034251,0.00006657052,0.00007850101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002703195,0.00006504763,0.0001026656,0.0003317311,0.0001586541,0.0001657753,0.0001053713,0.0002989051,0.0001095763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004422924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002556806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002030974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001475092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987265,0.00009997015,0.0006405291,0.0002067521,0.00004550001,0.000280758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985439,0.0002863198,0.0002448525,0.0008939978,0.000008039817,0.00002292871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002269416,0.00004857461,0.9925122,0.00000965354,0.000009860463,0.000001824886,0.002448609,0.0003647172,0.000001034397,0.001337276,0.002993193,0.000250325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003235071,0.00001018783,0.9739628,0.000008775707,0.000002143693,0.00001183741,0.0002223252,0.001918253,0.000007681592,0.009683057,0.01376645,0.00008301818],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820076,0.0008855611,0.00003984177,0.01324322,0.0001832918,0.0003220019,0.00002593415,0.000003855408,0.003288692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959539,0.0002093813,0.00002380803,0.003443369,0.0001278012,0.00003445577,0.000002292714,0.000008021394,0.0001969356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01854947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3070239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121752460","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02195.x","title":"THE QUALITY OF MONETARY POLICY AND INFLATION PERFORMANCE: GLOBALIZATION AND ITS AFTERMATH*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Inflation (cosmology); Monetary policy; Globalization; Monetary economics; Keynesian economics; Macroeconomics; Inflation targeting; Quality (philosophy); International economics; Market economy; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Martin T. Bohl","is_ca":false},{"name":"David G. Mayes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre L. Siklos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08290151564031423,"gpt":0.2484865930833984,"spread":0.1655850774430842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004860081,0.00009743867,0.0001873648,0.00008352973,0.0001012933,0.00004181473,0.00009173698,0.00006168464,0.00004517398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008794392,0.00008954237,0.00002807143,0.00006927156,0.00004781125,0.0005024147,0.00005767364,0.0000623064,0.00007270832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003000027,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009729454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003356037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001109876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991378,0.00001849029,0.0004843465,0.0001732105,0.00001871876,0.0001674888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994138,0.00002586979,0.0002700034,0.0002042696,0.000008761142,0.00007724079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007158818,0.00001706576,0.9678982,0.0001244724,0.00004158265,1.86474e-7,0.00177034,0.00004679439,0.00002112698,0.02716787,0.0001387397,0.002702057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002814135,0.00003700611,0.9842913,0.000008030599,0.000003859161,0.000003173738,0.0000272441,0.007103384,0.0001124614,0.006850634,0.001174375,0.0001070752],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914877,0.001670443,0.000120782,0.0002119586,0.00006749271,0.0001381102,0.00002846937,0.00001109758,0.006263924],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981714,0.001116133,0.0001115675,0.0002393926,0.00008268999,0.000008307262,0.000004845675,0.000007514717,0.0002581244],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02031724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3651432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2119619084","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2004.00396.x","title":"Industrial output and stock price revisited: an application of the multivariate indirect causality model","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Predictability; Stock (firearms); Economics; Econometrics; Industrial production; Vector autoregression; Money supply; Lag; Multivariate statistics; Interest rate; Financial economics; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; Mathematics; Statistics; Engineering; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Bwo‐Nung Huang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chin W. Yang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1325158105227773,"gpt":0.2549646714370049,"spread":0.1224488609142275,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005087204,0.0001391917,0.0003094388,0.00008478458,0.00008318019,0.00005150923,0.0002344977,0.0001416989,0.0000202042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008374386,0.0001292439,0.00006375262,0.0001124891,0.00004533048,0.0003999026,0.00008573454,0.0002114488,0.00006342818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001082751,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003244011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008491708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001515263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988959,0.00002345192,0.0004996901,0.000347284,0.00002674235,0.000206963],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989174,0.00001582472,0.0003846027,0.0005574013,0.000008422418,0.0001163755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000183722,0.0003746013,0.8731622,0.0001512178,0.000222061,9.613541e-7,0.004224111,0.08061793,0.0002482891,0.03246425,0.0007441482,0.007606559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002572096,0.00009904185,0.8221481,0.00003904364,0.00002625342,0.000006786296,0.00004024277,0.124334,0.0004870853,0.04661973,0.003170806,0.0004567893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860079,0.0001456085,0.0110887,0.000490975,0.00009834213,0.0004459438,0.0001344205,0.0000212723,0.00156682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983654,0.00001416816,0.0007996678,0.0004042512,0.0001520891,0.00002508002,0.00001015031,0.00001529816,0.0002138684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05101401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5270414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1707680341","doi":"10.1111/manc.12003","title":"<scp>G</scp>iffen Goods and their Reflexion Property","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Economic theories and models","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Sign (mathematics); Property (philosophy); Function (biology); Reversing; Mathematical economics; Microeconomics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Peter G. Moffatt","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. K. Moffatt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03031388075767317,"gpt":0.1980149602842615,"spread":0.1677010795265884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002990011,0.0002060236,0.0003572209,0.00009108592,0.00009505888,0.0002533419,0.0002240159,0.0001245365,0.0003834422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006622665,0.0001569862,0.00007890109,0.000062664,0.00005870196,0.0006288697,0.0001569836,0.0001746435,0.002841034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006302047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001157751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001468627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006479319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987245,0.00001451349,0.0004337316,0.0004664313,0.00001460485,0.0003462168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991031,0.00005640918,0.0001788121,0.000457125,0.00001785768,0.0001866872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000448895,0.0003738597,0.2379826,0.0004368383,0.0005226437,0.000008182651,0.01265603,0.00006670028,0.0008634646,0.5332155,0.1526736,0.06115573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009640435,0.0001977661,0.0430833,0.00003588121,0.000005980057,0.00001581358,0.0009527155,0.003165009,0.0005231148,0.3122258,0.6385196,0.0003109578],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8844876,0.001563718,0.002326481,0.0008978278,0.0003765973,0.0005608852,0.00002752511,0.00008037643,0.109679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699444,0.0001928639,0.0007110644,0.00109095,0.0002376577,0.0002043326,0.000007832194,0.00003935897,0.02757155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.485846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979354,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388023912","doi":"10.1111/manc.12461","title":"Frictions and the diffusion of automation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Productivity; Inflation (cosmology); Wage; Labour economics; New Keynesian economics; Welfare; Capital (architecture); Keynesian economics; Value (mathematics); Unemployment; Production (economics); Business cycle; Macroeconomics; Monetary policy; Market economy","authors":[{"name":"Nikolaos Charalampidis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02327456880448113,"gpt":0.2002134524865067,"spread":0.1769388836820255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005081294,0.00005148232,0.0001488351,0.00009868156,0.00007569281,0.0000281241,0.00007483931,0.00003299652,0.0001164283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000117481,0.00004417224,0.00003964991,0.0001592334,0.00005195872,0.0001521633,0.00005683762,0.00006498049,0.0005584717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001274333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005100938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005410481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005743696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994909,0.00001339806,0.000235149,0.0001560334,0.00001161883,0.00009294297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995694,0.00005512789,0.0001257427,0.0002116335,0.000007717967,0.00003036528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004485765,0.00003658499,0.6635507,0.00008910786,0.00005105796,5.726388e-7,0.00237048,0.00004868141,0.000095575,0.3217608,0.008165087,0.003786483],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007636025,0.00001411472,0.884351,0.000005929488,0.000004074569,0.000001724303,0.0000853351,0.006445767,0.00006589457,0.0971363,0.01104452,0.00008176038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9867116,0.0003355528,0.0009147119,0.002929467,0.0002875806,0.0001491102,0.00001649626,0.00004934131,0.008606146],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986441,0.0001251382,0.0001013917,0.0001016489,0.00007751512,0.0000241587,0.000005155669,0.000006042911,0.0009148353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2246245,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7178209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1564976809","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2005.00459.x","title":"A GENERALIZED EARNINGS‐BASED STOCK VALUATION MODEL","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Econometrics; Economics; Earnings; Valuation (finance); Stock (firearms); Valuation of options; Mean reversion; Financial economics; Stock market; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Ming Dong","is_ca":true},{"name":"David Hirshleifer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06517696332305473,"gpt":0.2387695774899066,"spread":0.1735926141668519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003179905,0.0001646243,0.0002562551,0.0001477059,0.0001098288,0.0001356116,0.0001713129,0.00009709276,0.0002621326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008440364,0.0001842407,0.0001060018,0.0001500866,0.0000341665,0.0004012974,0.00003165296,0.0001408122,0.0008275373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001559516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008462027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007926155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007928053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988918,0.00001139829,0.0004119144,0.0003624873,0.00005408595,0.0002683581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993484,0.000008051251,0.0002090988,0.0003110362,0.00002817661,0.00009520854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007077079,0.0001756127,0.03318551,0.00006089384,0.00003685669,0.000005303881,0.0004820267,0.0918095,0.0002328109,0.8711351,0.002367813,0.0004377789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004052183,0.0002085792,0.1939901,0.0000562943,0.00001527687,0.00000198995,0.00002632601,0.1293807,0.0004933224,0.6583202,0.01273275,0.0007222376],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8526086,0.000492009,0.1106058,0.001867805,0.0003064745,0.000394797,0.00002604836,0.0001188868,0.03357961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9831682,0.00002444627,0.013056,0.002126009,0.0001175598,0.0001014754,0.00002224582,0.0000280238,0.001356065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2128149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121338286","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2008.02095.x","title":"EARNINGS‐BASED COMPENSATION CONTRACTS UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION*","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Information asymmetry; Stock (firearms); Term (time); Compensation (psychology); Economics; Executive compensation; Stock options; Business; Monetary economics; Microeconomics; Finance; Incentive","authors":[{"name":"Anton Miglo","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.010360356596124,"gpt":0.2068639319724941,"spread":0.1965035753763701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004108064,0.000247521,0.000219575,0.0004982407,0.0002184128,0.0009181008,0.0003427778,0.00008511574,0.0003830454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003237659,0.0002561609,0.00008420606,0.0008923311,0.00002615048,0.004346831,0.0000898669,0.0003137176,0.005242298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001068967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002772499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004681127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000569415,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983674,0.00001470671,0.0004223515,0.0002634487,0.000531168,0.0004008884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9934435,0.00004694412,0.005932257,0.0003381054,0.0002073056,0.00003190315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002010599,0.0003383673,0.2028769,0.0004053475,0.0001063638,0.00002930413,0.0001951649,0.02532127,0.0004049196,0.05614635,0.07813762,0.6358374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009215949,0.00001793963,0.6983021,0.00004996781,0.00003143047,7.272685e-7,0.00005254492,0.002656696,0.00002949337,0.0007308311,0.2969347,0.000271914],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2191424,0.00003914845,0.684164,0.006984903,0.0004867469,0.0006976187,0.000001776668,0.0006334314,0.08784995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9638675,0.000002106493,0.0008800946,0.03397945,0.0006299227,0.0000178331,0.00006679356,0.00001913303,0.0005371758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7447251,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766364430","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02219.x","title":"THE COUPLING AND DECOUPLING OF BUSINESS CYCLES IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: SCANDINAVIAN EVIDENCE FROM THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY*","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Decoupling (probability); Business cycle; Economics; Great Depression; Perspective (graphical); Late 19th century; Macroeconomics; Sample (material); Keynesian economics; Monetary economics; Economy; Political science; Physics; Period (music); Law","authors":[{"name":"Pierre L. Siklos","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1064804242448646,"gpt":0.2348510311203673,"spread":0.1283706068755027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005554502,0.0001375469,0.0002801622,0.00007216693,0.0001493692,0.00008306955,0.0003359297,0.00006939567,0.00007738516],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002505349,0.0001048793,0.00005580069,0.0001401723,0.00008511777,0.0003805995,0.00009137687,0.0002038412,0.00006622214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000309901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001637454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02422778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003808335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988955,0.00001209778,0.0004786101,0.0003166727,0.0000277424,0.0002693541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990343,0.0002329595,0.0002552208,0.0003842845,0.00001682974,0.00007634902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005991345,0.00001940241,0.9938474,0.000008304926,0.00002619892,0.000001627928,0.004102848,0.0001231233,0.000005280592,0.001365623,0.0001159716,0.0003242983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002418413,0.00002347287,0.9896404,0.00007399605,0.000006946318,0.00000168899,0.0004404779,0.002998073,0.00002094729,0.005977117,0.0004394886,0.0001355448],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820445,0.01589628,0.0003071364,0.0007730011,0.000296577,0.0001609063,0.00001505757,0.0000097029,0.000496863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976414,0.001798879,0.0002118488,0.00008956946,0.0001410408,0.00001400485,7.480282e-7,0.0000148074,0.00008765869],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02384694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9822699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323314199","doi":"10.1111/manc.12434","title":"Forecasting inflation with a zero lower bound or negative interest rates: Evidence from point and density forecasts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inflation (cosmology); Economics; Shadow (psychology); Econometrics; Ordinary least squares; Benchmark (surveying); Inflation rate; Sample (material); Point (geometry); Zero lower bound; Interest rate; Macroeconomics; Mathematics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Christina Anderl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guglielmo Maria Caporale","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1948297594601955,"gpt":0.2646467899260437,"spread":0.06981703046584822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004013811,0.0002151216,0.0003638156,0.0001895764,0.0001386597,0.0002844837,0.0001413267,0.00009154474,0.0003282465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004535036,0.0001950247,0.00005184606,0.0002080455,0.00006945733,0.001242894,0.0001274978,0.000192853,0.0008697066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001120007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002423026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008667271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00062548,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986268,0.00002088959,0.000466276,0.0005016873,0.0000266233,0.0003577435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989079,0.0002919766,0.0002943594,0.0003217971,0.00001597805,0.0001680115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00103179,0.00003620829,0.982399,0.0001032333,0.0002407371,0.00009479367,0.00624242,0.001107094,0.000042757,0.0002836509,0.00518962,0.003228681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001445564,0.0005492993,0.8138195,0.000465125,0.00002488577,0.00003936144,0.0003208324,0.1505319,0.0003777185,0.03087859,0.0009047479,0.0006424769],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957996,0.0001345845,0.002373791,0.000733207,0.0002131207,0.0002942382,0.00005816055,0.00006013727,0.0003331405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974244,0.00006242352,0.00101325,0.0004835282,0.000181162,0.00003093406,0.00001819988,0.00002910176,0.0007569838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1685796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388231030","doi":"10.1111/manc.12462","title":"Current account dynamics: A SVAR analysis when the country‐specific shocks are correlated at leads","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shock (circulatory); Economics; Inflation (cosmology); Econometrics; Value (mathematics); Macroeconomics; Current account; Monetary economics; Identification (biology); Positive correlation; Physics; Statistics; Biology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"César R. Sobrino","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ellis Heath","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05583264424016959,"gpt":0.2296750004439046,"spread":0.173842356203735,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007524546,0.0003238096,0.0006608285,0.000567598,0.0003179286,0.0002988835,0.0006242216,0.0001666975,0.002707691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005822592,0.0002984574,0.0003600154,0.0009232172,0.00008369461,0.000375803,0.0002455479,0.000433298,0.01940475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007167732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001705027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002610268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004004666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976631,0.00003432183,0.0008503316,0.0006963433,0.00007139306,0.0006844589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981055,0.00009516759,0.0005060476,0.001079291,0.00001719002,0.0001967487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004599368,0.00004359106,0.8804706,0.00003042104,0.0005884246,0.00001039986,0.000911409,0.00739244,0.000001246852,0.001763152,0.1081517,0.0005906449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000492561,0.00002228829,0.663355,0.00001785988,0.00009344862,0.000005367975,0.000151457,0.1455629,0.000002533607,0.002902206,0.186972,0.0004223886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868665,0.003340983,0.0009403696,0.002725447,0.001250756,0.0003729682,0.0008112592,0.0001795032,0.003512247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915099,0.001063475,0.00002647871,0.0008024019,0.000356765,0.00007264967,0.0003910402,0.00004655763,0.005730763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2171156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104101048","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9957.2009.02121.x","title":"AN ADMISSIBLE TERM STRUCTURE MODEL OF SOVEREIGN YIELD SPREADS WITH MACRO FACTORS: THE CASE OF BRAZILIAN GLOBAL BONDS","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Barrie Urology Group","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Bond; Volatility (finance); Macro; Yield (engineering); Monetary economics; Sovereignty; Credit risk; Affine term structure model; Term (time); Yield curve; Sovereign default; Econometrics; Financial economics; Finance; Sovereign debt","authors":[{"name":"Zhuoshi Liu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Peter Spencer","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02606418822359697,"gpt":0.2420463592211124,"spread":0.2159821709975155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009511381,0.0001718924,0.000332147,0.00006998429,0.00008977377,0.00005487934,0.0002771339,0.0001265206,0.0001709777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004096789,0.0001338189,0.00008120146,0.0002311509,0.00006811693,0.0003310187,0.00002612089,0.0001423284,0.000004902903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005135445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006058003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001759158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002327866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990043,0.000007169677,0.0004406666,0.0002859208,0.00004593379,0.0002159989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988675,0.00001782631,0.0003087748,0.0006367215,0.00004325643,0.0001259409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000128158,0.0001925918,0.8309386,0.00004883812,0.00005044618,0.00002924303,0.001145173,0.006168531,0.0005027223,0.1562007,0.0006744837,0.003920457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000503021,0.0003968626,0.9221941,0.00003592189,0.00002536702,0.00005333952,0.0001949349,0.007910259,0.001216278,0.06705963,0.0001321739,0.0002780904],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.988781,0.0001841347,0.004832837,0.000142796,0.0000566686,0.0001901059,0.0008219705,0.00001826512,0.004972162],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986898,0.000009492499,0.0009885611,0.00005983857,0.00008877958,0.000003234089,0.00001824514,0.00001150338,0.0001305369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09125547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5456975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405387752","doi":"10.1111/manc.12501","title":"External Effect of Entry","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manchester School","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Steffen Ziss","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01177615025667286,"gpt":0.2173646979928238,"spread":0.205588547736151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002577275,0.0000797452,0.0002215944,0.0001704201,0.0000156414,0.00006769926,0.0001158713,0.0000359333,0.006591804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002203532,0.00007767727,0.0001736462,0.0001726118,0.00001371871,0.0001147955,0.00002930677,0.00009244091,0.003934255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002345341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005249966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001216518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.518062e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993474,0.00001349724,0.0002966953,0.0002064012,0.00002782056,0.0001081625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996464,0.00002968554,0.00005146831,0.0002072725,0.000005898445,0.00005924568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000639141,0.00008038003,0.75718,0.001143943,0.0004514567,0.00005992543,0.0004524155,0.00006398067,0.0008257091,0.2080083,0.0169064,0.01476354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001976777,0.0005885923,0.3165296,0.0006605646,0.0001508436,0.00004276832,0.00006115673,0.01508441,0.01798157,0.06276827,0.5829635,0.001191956],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8458808,0.01544284,0.02555329,0.0004706605,0.001208126,0.0001361018,0.00004481768,0.0001030564,0.1111603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993005,0.00009865484,0.0001411934,0.0001140537,0.0001436047,0.0000144485,0.000003169946,0.00001038081,0.00646946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5660571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}