{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"467380b566cc","filters":{"venue":"Marquette law review"}},"results":[{"id":"W1533708772","doi":"","title":"Water as a Public Commodity","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"Property Rights and Legal Doctrine","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commodity; Doctrine; Obligation; Theme (computing); Public trust doctrine; Quarter (Canadian coin); Public interest; State (computer science); Business; Principal (computer security); Political science; Law; Geography; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Thompson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Huw Barton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1208943914484766,"gpt":0.3146067123454818,"spread":0.1937123208970052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00115621,0.0001074401,0.0002531674,0.00001432892,0.0004333039,0.0000711799,0.0004108582,0.00005531968,0.0170096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000516371,0.00005557587,0.0001108316,0.0001250536,0.0002705041,0.0003351126,0.00008037013,0.0001473205,0.002812857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003952918,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005105541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01525931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004415748,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985948,0.0003574982,0.0002115769,0.0001856419,0.0002544931,0.0003959774],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999395,0.00001598297,0.00003983618,0.0002917261,0.00008253098,0.000174891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002405868,0.00005492775,0.00004627522,0.0002104827,0.00001333454,0.00001899232,0.0006224331,6.96723e-10,0.000006078195,0.9546496,0.03100325,0.0133722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005964954,0.00002010651,0.00002300763,0.0001963759,0.00002060345,0.000002934616,0.000005414206,1.429025e-7,0.0001003202,0.006076583,0.9933698,0.0001250316],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006198246,0.01157399,0.000006014428,0.03792308,0.0001843421,0.0004596542,0.000004983796,0.0001202035,0.9491079],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7421222,0.08159992,0.00033521,0.1419722,0.0006823844,0.0001924157,0.00006770583,0.00003553558,0.03299242],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9623666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W825474895","doi":"","title":"Taking a Dip in the Supreme Court Clerk Pool: Gender-Based Discrepancies in Clerk Selection","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Law; Selection (genetic algorithm); Political science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"John Szmer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Erin B. Kaheny","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert K. Christensen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09085787691393424,"gpt":0.390033634291907,"spread":0.2991757573779728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004812077,0.0001055097,0.0001964586,0.00006342025,0.0003618785,0.0001887397,0.0002784193,0.00006110566,0.0005203439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001675206,0.00008168171,0.00006255772,0.001387752,0.0001144935,0.0004620918,0.00001393194,0.0004005159,0.00006521305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001373391,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002755233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02249859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05914447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973293,0.001457479,0.0003780359,0.0002006684,0.0003575682,0.0002769833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99885,0.0005683936,0.0002255057,0.0002178838,0.0001000683,0.00003816901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005646126,0.0001486987,0.006312544,0.0003625933,0.000006597116,0.000001235267,0.003189954,0.00001472167,0.00001704778,0.9643283,0.01324834,0.01236431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001094605,0.00001143241,0.01063189,0.0003931709,0.00001980148,0.000001190718,0.0003160467,0.00006383202,0.000004454151,0.001708176,0.9866241,0.0001164158],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.010218,0.005613297,0.000586007,0.6612376,0.0006105583,0.001829378,0.000007001618,0.0001392407,0.319759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9530022,0.001378012,0.0002748624,0.04486224,0.0001922438,0.000145999,0.0000165861,0.000008202933,0.0001196237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9733758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9840107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7094440351","doi":"","title":"Introducing the\\nCourt of Arbitration for Sport: The Ad Hoc Division at the Olympic Games","year":2001,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Division (mathematics); Administrative division","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03169799554141296,"gpt":0.2376635131019501,"spread":0.2059655175605371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004991185,0.0003330458,0.001011508,0.00004772833,0.001059565,0.0001656435,0.0008223081,0.00008350681,0.005330647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002157915,0.0001960548,0.0006486268,0.0003679472,0.0005463869,0.0002407232,0.0003819415,0.0002022499,0.001917897],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001736946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003666734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001228738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00029056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969937,0.00006262055,0.00156444,0.000774781,0.00009752757,0.0005069896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966291,0.000411449,0.00144209,0.001360706,0.0001031017,0.00005357592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007693261,0.0001608753,0.002326779,0.002827039,0.0006213049,0.000002298041,0.001514641,0.0002166926,0.000004452116,0.2452271,0.6314121,0.1156099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003286964,0.00004565985,0.001095795,0.0008476218,0.0001853234,0.000005912268,0.0001871047,0.0005871027,0.00001476674,0.002186575,0.9942713,0.0002441083],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01786153,0.8370493,0.0002884199,0.05551374,0.004687222,0.003286579,0.0006417651,0.00001780801,0.08065366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06923787,0.8320432,0.0001007237,0.01308409,0.000491,0.000318308,0.00005996864,0.000039799,0.08462501],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3628593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7045360870","doi":"","title":"Balancing Legal Process with Scientific Expertise: Expert Witness Methodology in Five Nations and Suggestions for Reform of Post-&lt;i&gt;Daubert&lt;/i&gt; U.S. Reliability Determinations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Expert witness; Strengths and weaknesses; Witness; Process (computing); Legal process; Reliability (semiconductor); Balance (ability); Element (criminal law)","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0287311157720694,"gpt":0.3361339055622896,"spread":0.3074027897902202,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001722443,0.0001961039,0.0004617779,0.0001555868,0.0002957769,0.00004797214,0.0002204188,0.00004788816,0.002826783],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002280194,0.0001551499,0.00008393138,0.0005754926,0.0003844704,0.0001977844,0.0001062317,0.0001345573,0.000003256346],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004898187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001840634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007039199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001849911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980698,0.0002777354,0.0005433426,0.0003868363,0.0003002194,0.0004220814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980817,0.0005172208,0.0001872406,0.0004394498,0.0006382188,0.0001360981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001014005,0.001525909,0.005909983,0.008206747,0.0001145712,0.000003211096,0.002875475,0.00001268965,0.02385919,0.6785246,0.004230754,0.2746355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002919791,0.0004885973,0.02318472,0.006132264,0.0003126686,0.0000275308,0.0008906096,0.001370854,0.007103289,0.001333614,0.9550186,0.001217483],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7992107,0.04680364,0.01622934,0.03514315,0.0006558912,0.01427451,0.0009419709,0.0001259715,0.08661487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851063,0.0004700643,0.00825606,0.0003456495,0.00008419664,0.003045138,0.0002614487,0.00002583009,0.002405336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9507878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7070239097","doi":"","title":"An Overview of Non-Analytical Positive &amp; Circumstantial Evidence Cases in Sports","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"History, Culture, and Society","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Circumstantial evidence; Causation","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1454987121499196,"gpt":0.4680468322059843,"spread":0.3225481200560646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001569515,0.0002178731,0.0008958097,0.00002955338,0.0002468225,0.000005213908,0.0002230533,0.0002053425,0.001565582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000158848,0.0001804973,0.0002588638,0.0003815832,0.0001603806,0.000221923,0.00003459677,0.0005260967,0.0001175448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002464089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002399744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005313046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005198603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968194,0.0008862562,0.001054759,0.0003856061,0.0004213368,0.0004326469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983773,0.0003629382,0.0003439637,0.0005754894,0.0002136367,0.0001267004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001470708,0.001469269,0.1142837,0.09142336,0.0001294331,0.00103654,0.00553616,0.000009797282,0.001273416,0.1893975,0.587952,0.007341695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004478086,0.00008966465,0.0475787,0.05025279,0.0003821784,0.00002645348,0.0001305261,0.00001773556,0.00001189775,0.000306905,0.9002619,0.0004934152],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1188166,0.7578541,0.0002710474,0.005384581,0.001088009,0.006168576,0.0003893305,0.0001817561,0.109846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8097934,0.1461958,0.001180304,0.03821984,0.0008096747,0.0002512294,0.0003523144,0.00007450089,0.003123016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6909767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2604267649","doi":"","title":"Diversions from the Great Lakes: Out of the Watershed and in Contravention of the Compact","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marquette law review","topic":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Watershed; Geography; Water resource management; Environmental science; Computer science; Computer vision","authors":[{"name":"Christina L. Wabiszewski","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01950590769460789,"gpt":0.2601736945500019,"spread":0.240667786855394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003236161,0.00005607083,0.0001673483,0.000002586678,0.0001322375,0.000008834254,0.0003124763,0.00003153433,0.0002241974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007595536,0.00001793549,0.00009228389,0.00007612825,0.0004281718,0.00008602373,0.00005768945,0.00005717779,0.000003151627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002245212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001996255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006375256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01217826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991333,0.0003390242,0.0001646648,0.00007909256,0.0001849707,0.00009889773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994848,0.0001052929,0.0001483339,0.0002204282,0.00002587968,0.00001521296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005811751,0.00006883861,0.7529057,0.0007839408,0.0001618805,0.000002267003,0.01552887,0.000001686463,0.007921861,0.06958371,0.1292522,0.02373098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003003224,0.000007675815,0.2935131,0.004036365,0.00007003941,2.003924e-7,0.0001226738,2.628373e-7,0.0008572403,0.003758774,0.6972709,0.00006240071],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8378584,0.01605192,0.00000717855,0.1287197,0.0006453983,0.00150525,0.0004111314,0.00001184918,0.01478918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885136,0.009166291,0.000002211691,0.001851832,0.00003343534,0.000002103402,0.000001144047,0.000002036757,0.0004273735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5680188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9637523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}