{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"0fc44402d140","filters":{"venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law"}},"results":[{"id":"W293160771","doi":"","title":"From Bali to Copenhagen: Towards a Shared Vision for a Post-2012 Climate Regime?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Environmental law and policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Political science; Negotiation; Argument (complex analysis); Law and economics; Convention; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Normative; Climate change; Law; Political economy; Sociology; Geography; Kyoto Protocol","authors":[{"name":"Jutta Brunnée","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01112995097700347,"gpt":0.3286079146996858,"spread":0.3174779637226823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01522164,0.0009358253,0.0006421647,0.00116789,0.01595472,0.02731799,0.003602372,0.02265898,0.005171571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01317813,0.001093226,0.000778248,0.0009886426,0.01790216,0.0174845,0.01721683,0.02404946,0.001295364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01953956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05146931,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07157269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09759546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9866508,0.004054854,0.0006204361,0.001412616,0.003176122,0.004085059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965525,0.0005976204,0.0003380568,0.0002732165,0.0006026411,0.001635878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004145773,0.00007547713,0.0003732246,0.0000696987,0.00001426412,0.0002591121,0.01251587,0.0004461332,0.0002929518,0.9488794,0.02821879,0.008813667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003695577,0.00006889863,0.00191545,0.0003277904,0.00001593877,0.0001432899,0.01567963,0.000426356,0.0006121952,0.1472642,0.8333723,0.0001369498],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04273656,0.02541473,0.01379035,0.4076625,0.01261016,0.0002626322,0.0003274716,0.000267821,0.4969278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7368569,0.004742674,0.009759113,0.1052288,0.0007479636,0.0003662852,0.0002399211,0.0002661497,0.1417922],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.07157269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1423122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123032309","doi":"","title":"Kiobel, Extraterritoriality, and the \"Global War on Terrorism\"","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Extraterritoriality; Alien Tort Statute; Law; Jurisdiction; Political science; International law; Universal jurisdiction; Complicity; Personal jurisdiction; Supreme court; Plaintiff; Subject-matter jurisdiction; Original jurisdiction; Liability; Tort","authors":[{"name":"Craig Martin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009761817379340697,"gpt":0.2093284341317729,"spread":0.1995666167524321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008466658,0.0002028266,0.0001134543,0.0007794411,0.004568414,0.005029645,0.000349667,0.002556341,0.002806393],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001232969,0.0001403919,0.0001596357,0.0006095294,0.009933126,0.00246031,0.002474285,0.003571817,0.0001955594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006596427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003982538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04367824,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1506509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992082,0.0002108767,0.00002762454,0.00009599827,0.000132443,0.0003248905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999211,0.0004323918,0.0001802943,0.00002964515,0.00006479246,0.00008185577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004841814,0.00003517775,0.009280317,0.0001980352,0.00001387591,0.002838192,0.03000484,0.0005064005,0.0006110953,0.9148709,0.01509754,0.02649515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004159443,0.00009764131,0.03585264,0.001253937,0.0000672271,0.002787779,0.1061749,0.0004655136,0.002236882,0.2097689,0.6411425,0.0001104289],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2639571,0.0191176,0.0006952203,0.06059112,0.0003953863,0.00003188755,0.00004710324,0.00001265508,0.6551518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9589534,0.006288778,0.0001184636,0.00911387,0.00009801993,0.00001186339,0.00001479668,0.00000609186,0.02539474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04367824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08684802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951747905","doi":"","title":"The Risks and Rewards of Renegotiating the North American Trade Relationship","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Global Political and Economic Relations","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"China; International trade; Globalization; Competition (biology); Trade barrier; Free trade; Economics; Destinations; Business; Market economy; Political science; Tourism","authors":[{"name":"David A. Gantz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03943871640880262,"gpt":0.3240183466198049,"spread":0.2845796302110023,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01520447,0.0001906659,0.0003190722,0.000613776,0.01910221,0.01272734,0.001150078,0.00539469,0.00795617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01996659,0.0002357044,0.0002834753,0.001366692,0.01182249,0.008666649,0.005943976,0.009329534,0.001478115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007464034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01181252,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04077652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0945956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903475,0.005347503,0.0001566178,0.0006661412,0.001856612,0.001625599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9848817,0.005766049,0.001198794,0.002193636,0.003390503,0.002569239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001452069,0.0001538562,0.01295631,0.00005021258,0.00002212998,0.0007031921,0.0327671,0.0005662585,0.000688542,0.7943531,0.07065331,0.08694078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002957669,0.0000907961,0.01573629,0.0003103856,0.00003435881,0.0004051157,0.05799001,0.0009075191,0.000504436,0.1432956,0.7806093,0.00008658785],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.2230521,0.003795296,0.002749583,0.2417596,0.00136813,0.00003214082,0.00005742126,0.00008211438,0.5271037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9073682,0.00245145,0.001158005,0.04823225,0.0004950358,0.00006414939,0.00004979302,0.00006606337,0.040115],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9592235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08107835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622729622","doi":"","title":"Paths in the Wilderness?: The Politics and Practices of Hopi Religious Freedom in Hopitutskwa","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Simon Fraser University; University of Chicago","keywords":"Wilderness; Politics; Hopi; Political science; Geography; Law; Archaeology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Justin B. Richland","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01526968891405401,"gpt":0.3137510049453169,"spread":0.2984813160312629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001188936,0.0001197963,0.0001412674,0.0005647848,0.01451543,0.005593093,0.0005652859,0.00124743,0.004842895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001405281,0.0002142537,0.00007766561,0.001108793,0.01424956,0.003468773,0.003589951,0.002466287,0.0001922785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003084083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003430013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01962705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06034206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992263,0.000402444,0.00001295546,0.00005378123,0.00003967724,0.0002648275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992309,0.0004034153,0.00008641471,0.00004819767,0.00003596023,0.0001951542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003967355,0.00003997923,0.006069411,0.00002956329,0.000002550717,0.000614292,0.7519549,0.00004090307,0.000492711,0.2302848,0.001292637,0.009138633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004277719,0.00001727782,0.006481003,0.00006742276,0.000003333855,0.000173007,0.9398921,0.0000774065,0.0001782494,0.00992099,0.04317128,0.00001373081],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9166461,0.0004616664,0.0003645161,0.003891132,0.00003083919,0.00001977397,0.00001765681,0.000005362111,0.0785631],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956884,0.000059837,0.00007589974,0.0001247713,0.00000218657,0.000006480163,0.000002725113,0.000003264583,0.004036641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01962705,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0390256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2923088464","doi":"","title":"Lessons About NAFTA Renegotiations from Shakespeare's Othello: From the Three Amigos to America as Iago?","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Free trade agreement; Tragedy (event); Presidency; Quarter (Canadian coin); Political science; Economic history; Administration (probate law); History; Free trade; International trade; Law; Art; Politics; Economics; Literature","authors":[{"name":"Raj Bhala","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02014280960491166,"gpt":0.315175825818981,"spread":0.2950330162140693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006375276,0.0004375507,0.0005478672,0.0007669379,0.01744693,0.01186054,0.001184952,0.008197089,0.008251225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01211773,0.0003717017,0.0003030751,0.000716644,0.02395252,0.01542735,0.005128016,0.0187145,0.001583466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008437796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005985818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06440085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1199137,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964902,0.001714807,0.0000827133,0.0004234196,0.0005687262,0.0007201058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959925,0.002501292,0.0001816022,0.0002837442,0.0005933374,0.0004475787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000039067,0.00002505431,0.000505225,0.00006670741,0.000004704774,0.0005146551,0.1464182,0.00006675692,0.0001708299,0.6870035,0.1508085,0.01437692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001010001,0.00001324277,0.0006184795,0.0003116791,0.00000344943,0.0001268684,0.05171985,0.00006366794,0.000155043,0.063494,0.8834532,0.00003033185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03940729,0.01761817,0.001861111,0.6138585,0.008810587,0.00002335792,0.00008447647,0.00007260615,0.3182639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6509305,0.01096689,0.001134465,0.1806373,0.003644248,0.00009652429,0.00008930308,0.0004138649,0.1520869],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9355991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.128052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2784471017","doi":"","title":"Contiguous Territories: The Expanded Use of Expedited Removal in the Trump Era","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Maryland Journal of International Law","topic":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Redress; Statutory law; Statute; Jurisdiction; Political science; Law; Nationality; Immigration","authors":[{"name":"Geoffrey A. Hoffman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02908957385473279,"gpt":0.3044630830158671,"spread":0.2753735091611343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007896903,0.0002330041,0.0003377453,0.001137722,0.007958252,0.009527249,0.003183926,0.007876569,0.01025144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01563176,0.0005240758,0.0005000067,0.001411297,0.018231,0.008608835,0.01038223,0.00783563,0.001225768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004677638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01097179,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03062235,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06688347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9898064,0.004635438,0.0003658609,0.001189847,0.002225198,0.001777171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927434,0.003772661,0.0005131577,0.00155975,0.0008964813,0.0005146164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001066311,0.00001231732,0.0003717737,0.00001407788,0.000002309675,0.0001983097,0.002419276,0.0001574443,0.00008396459,0.9798321,0.007663962,0.009233855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004217337,0.0001130726,0.003008031,0.0008294788,0.00003517673,0.0008208259,0.007236269,0.001626755,0.0004353429,0.2849576,0.7008057,0.00008949687],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03926965,0.004263919,0.01206557,0.03210007,0.0004406377,0.00006118661,0.00005748969,0.0001217825,0.9116197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8743027,0.00370635,0.008137111,0.02857561,0.0008098086,0.0002899646,0.0000646296,0.0001860872,0.08392763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03062235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06088817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}