{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":885,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":2,"predictions_cover":885,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"da0afd89cee0","filters":{"venue":"Materials"}},"results":[{"id":"W2159185781","doi":"10.3390/ma3031863","title":"Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement","funders":"","keywords":"Tissue engineering; Biocompatible material; Regenerative medicine; Biomedical engineering; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Biomaterial; Chemistry; Engineering; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005552920567891715,"gpt":0.2545360736687609,"spread":0.2489831531008691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007281025,0.0002127971,0.0003179399,0.0001033605,0.000217314,0.0002314436,0.0005162123,0.0001993458,0.002526334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000775227,0.0001989498,0.00004213759,0.0002315362,0.0001315031,0.00007975873,0.000057372,0.0000229344,0.0006435241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000403578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008764633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002044727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005939676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983647,0.00002732456,0.0004944332,0.0004402718,0.0002045019,0.0004687871],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987499,0.0002164538,0.0001638884,0.0005969953,0.000120059,0.00015276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001670186,0.00005624758,0.000002977954,0.00008594908,0.000003968631,3.943949e-7,0.000009902938,0.000003010088,0.9895984,0.008779064,0.001175679,0.0002677161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002890296,0.00004080172,0.00004922655,0.000007378202,0.00001744227,0.000004417363,0.000001448108,0.00002044076,0.8436047,0.0009783758,0.1547831,0.0002036601],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8167388,0.00002633046,0.1747682,0.001018924,0.002362585,0.002918669,0.001239914,0.0007430416,0.0001834778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7395935,0.000002039084,0.25203,0.0002854364,0.00105929,0.006452466,0.0002683175,0.00007455361,0.0002343603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1536074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2951522974","doi":"10.3390/ma12121973","title":"Hydrogen Storage for Mobility: A Review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Hydrogen Storage and Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":960,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogen storage; Compressed hydrogen; Hydrogen; Gravimetric analysis; Process engineering; Hydrogen economy; Hydrogen fuel; Energy storage; Environmental science; Compressed natural gas; Computer science; Materials science; Chemistry; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09419258145240385,"gpt":0.368688771805117,"spread":0.2744961903527132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003668017,0.001029352,0.006404775,0.0001552466,0.0001508219,0.0003115529,0.001217292,0.0006375149,0.009745101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003415782,0.0007877729,0.0009068346,0.000202444,0.0000901419,0.0002444164,0.0004035117,0.0001153758,0.01087451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000265452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005046941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003257648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001220034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942394,0.0008433459,0.002206062,0.001347553,0.0004316635,0.000931978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961454,0.0003099567,0.001349678,0.001850268,0.0001387118,0.0002059954],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002425636,0.0001477704,8.560948e-9,0.7828941,0.0001784361,0.00005750705,0.00003263171,4.691925e-7,0.07708697,0.0003463217,0.01756159,0.12167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001794862,0.00008747765,5.828264e-9,0.04520801,0.001925454,0.00009796016,0.000001369393,8.797068e-8,0.02398433,0.00008387329,0.9276268,0.0008051326],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004365912,0.9810736,0.00003695383,0.00002160204,0.004235676,0.00852612,0.005223151,0.0002804958,0.0001658788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00000523322,0.9909608,0.0003599629,0.0003531926,0.001000874,0.003772971,0.001089205,0.0002514141,0.002206354],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9100652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2979675549","doi":"10.3390/ma12203323","title":"Smart Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":852,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Regenerative medicine; Tissue engineering; Regeneration (biology); Extracellular matrix; Nanotechnology; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Stem cell; Engineering; Cell biology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05777600238338444,"gpt":0.3447594626277239,"spread":0.2869834602443395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008247911,0.000351019,0.001588739,0.0003520039,0.00001218885,0.00004847496,0.0002463364,0.0003347346,0.0008257397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002882323,0.00027794,0.0000323042,0.0002473071,0.00005603188,0.00004409319,0.0001460243,0.0002781232,0.0004822188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001346967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003250811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003362149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000255987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998358,0.0001012731,0.0006198463,0.0002987215,0.0002380249,0.0003841419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992241,0.0002906412,0.00005273,0.0003116062,0.00001417233,0.0001067306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001877327,0.00000873139,0.000001272692,0.09284675,0.0001314876,0.00008744066,0.0001292255,0.00004924342,0.0097015,0.0002313477,0.002415186,0.8943959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000115107,0.00002304418,0.000002486504,0.01281041,0.00004305437,0.00002099776,0.000001469998,0.00006181739,0.002285264,0.00001020481,0.9843745,0.0002516923],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003250756,0.997007,0.00004866567,0.00001689818,0.001048322,0.0006333084,0.000034836,0.0001311958,0.0007547425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00008584298,0.9984683,0.0002967915,0.000004824502,0.0003702138,0.000115427,0.00006874905,0.0001005723,0.0004892501],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9819593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1536601781","doi":"10.3390/ma8095273","title":"Biodegradable Materials for Bone Repair and Tissue Engineering Applications","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":778,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Interfacing; Materials science; Biodegradable polymer; Osteosynthesis; Nanotechnology; Biomedical engineering; Polymer; Computer science; Engineering; Composite material; Surgery; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02908800878733303,"gpt":0.275719104307966,"spread":0.2466310955206329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00120304,0.0009276151,0.003163276,0.000330292,0.00006410512,0.0003200992,0.0003077459,0.0006225099,0.000209857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008425905,0.0009032285,0.0001416441,0.0002134827,0.00003663698,0.0001610906,0.0001361103,0.0001137128,0.0002564599],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002940479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007017664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001687816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.686112e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970975,0.00006051134,0.001330963,0.0005900008,0.000244154,0.0006768537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985637,0.0001246432,0.0002026028,0.0007859176,0.00009763279,0.000225515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002465755,0.00007734179,4.703102e-8,0.4287601,0.001302783,0.00004951976,0.000158089,0.0004940619,0.1526355,0.003526044,0.03758314,0.3753887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001933181,0.00003373091,1.307409e-7,0.002477585,0.0005091879,0.00009962262,0.000002087394,0.00001621287,0.0222939,0.000054305,0.9734415,0.0008784142],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007869055,0.9860613,0.002040442,0.000004413795,0.00243999,0.003607127,0.003166132,0.002531627,0.00007026971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002867377,0.9785171,0.01183586,0.000003848216,0.001406536,0.006137623,0.0009420821,0.0005797104,0.000548552],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9358584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1509156154","doi":"10.3390/ma8095269","title":"Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":668,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign-body giant cell; Biomaterial; Giant cell; Cell biology; Biocompatibility; Macrophage; Foreign body; Immune system; Cell adhesion; Chemistry; Wound healing; Adhesion; Materials science; Immunology; Nanotechnology; Pathology; Medicine; In vitro; Biology; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02268660604762672,"gpt":0.2570955661041146,"spread":0.2344089600564879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002196159,0.001248511,0.004050051,0.0004778036,0.00006891907,0.0006476415,0.0005685277,0.000628791,0.0005323483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006542652,0.001003424,0.0001408348,0.0002670012,0.00004589165,0.0001550725,0.0003548009,0.00009141263,0.00149078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002999883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000941356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000039254,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.563833e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962704,0.000492551,0.001403749,0.0006661817,0.0002234597,0.0009436419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981651,0.000179229,0.0002035276,0.0009565877,0.00005120421,0.0004443428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001336654,0.00001396815,7.562687e-9,0.01978801,0.0002404888,0.00009618147,0.0001450784,0.00003606658,0.9242491,0.00003364918,0.01562034,0.03964347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001826695,0.00007433332,7.416232e-7,0.002991541,0.0001588377,0.0002582962,0.000008123462,0.000002650146,0.2417643,0.0000267792,0.7536864,0.000845319],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00890089,0.9740946,0.0001241289,0.000004404409,0.005154102,0.002253546,0.007979215,0.001239767,0.0002493593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001238532,0.9945188,0.001149981,0.00001478509,0.0007934165,0.000621242,0.0003839793,0.0006464374,0.0006328248],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7380661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3211557145","doi":"10.3390/ma14216631","title":"Current Trends in Automotive Lightweighting Strategies and Materials","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":498,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Automotive industry; Aerospace; Manufacturing engineering; Sustainability; Material selection; Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03805373725851605,"gpt":0.2963046328844476,"spread":0.2582508956259316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003242449,0.0006513455,0.002455616,0.0004148337,0.00004274083,0.0008721531,0.00024819,0.000283058,0.0006188612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001839188,0.0005391978,0.00010305,0.0002687404,0.00005058021,0.0003131089,0.0002198085,0.0001861371,0.00006360799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001771232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006784642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002300404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008010506,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976375,0.0002933001,0.001028413,0.0004448309,0.0001526989,0.0004432232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993467,0.00006411951,0.0001618738,0.0003295841,0.00003522146,0.00006250117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004128888,0.00003961772,6.708478e-7,0.04327523,0.0002772781,0.0001264747,0.0007180567,0.00001863761,0.004111258,0.0009937471,0.0004569483,0.9499779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002341731,0.00003678929,0.00002413331,0.03810087,0.0004073349,0.0001060337,0.0001039505,0.000007091003,0.01235277,0.00007049317,0.9471833,0.001373065],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005800912,0.9909961,0.000006701312,0.000003395314,0.002066416,0.0002855257,0.0001607307,0.0002907382,0.0003894432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002359998,0.9962805,0.0001821773,0.000002339264,0.0003948742,0.0001896715,0.0003748179,0.0001465888,0.00006905587],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9486049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016729679","doi":"10.3390/ma13081884","title":"Brief History of Early Lithium-Battery Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":460,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Lithium (medication); Battery (electricity); Electrolyte; Electrochemistry; Lithium battery; Materials science; Electrode; Ion; Power (physics); Chemistry; Medicine; Physics; Ionic bonding; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04116742850516083,"gpt":0.2440323485913612,"spread":0.2028649200862004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001117537,0.0004602823,0.002044979,0.0001331482,0.00001337123,0.00003043158,0.0003998181,0.0003361616,0.0004659173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002089037,0.0004024901,0.0001131463,0.00007404238,0.00006350177,0.00008051118,0.0001678274,0.0001208846,0.0002723749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004487792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001359647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000467151,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.96022e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982944,0.00004340713,0.0009807901,0.0002785652,0.0001330715,0.0002697418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992809,0.00003522629,0.000256514,0.0003646355,0.00001924024,0.00004342813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006133404,0.00001581664,3.409977e-7,0.06677137,0.000275477,0.00005323982,0.0001761217,0.000003039905,0.006689251,0.0001571146,0.01008687,0.9157652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005237725,0.00001990903,0.000002286926,0.003584222,0.00008540839,0.000009401579,0.000001855281,7.945361e-8,0.01240618,0.00002418271,0.9834355,0.0003786696],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003350143,0.9947368,0.0001438007,0.000004060109,0.002915418,0.0003673216,0.0001310859,0.0007510539,0.0006154316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000105687,0.997602,0.001369528,0.00001629763,0.0001784761,0.0001566446,0.00008164343,0.000133959,0.0003558058],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9733486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2047824728","doi":"10.3390/ma3020918","title":"Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":448,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Multidisciplinary approach; Nanotechnology; Cement; Materials science; Work (physics); Engineering; Construction engineering; Civil engineering; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008117315245212085,"gpt":0.2230687082191883,"spread":0.2149513929739762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002166568,0.0000822156,0.0001245661,0.00004858814,0.00005061937,0.0001103908,0.00008175603,0.00007371469,0.0006162708],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002078699,0.00007347843,0.000004656103,0.00003643004,0.000113958,0.00006573083,0.0000998964,0.00004924047,0.00002468996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005022356,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005125671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002888533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005851653,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994602,0.0000120353,0.0001202781,0.0001315681,0.00007573206,0.00020022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997851,0.00001497802,0.0000112437,0.0001300174,0.00001098575,0.00004769519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000405635,2.809538e-7,0.0000878368,0.00003750766,0.000003757168,0.00000261012,0.00003336918,1.503131e-7,0.9975504,0.0009374541,0.00009809455,0.001244524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001634932,0.00003079491,0.0005265428,0.000005790602,0.000002900186,0.00001323604,0.00001402819,0.0000732991,0.9880558,0.0001543584,0.01086813,0.00009162546],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985942,0.00006696947,0.00002156896,0.0001051604,0.0006058614,0.000121336,0.00002179738,0.0001206589,0.0003424877],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993877,0.0001996106,0.0002436211,0.00003033868,0.00004940542,0.00002335459,0.000003371476,0.0000104529,0.00005215867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01077003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6747733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129390192","doi":"10.3390/ma7127925","title":"Laser Peening Process and Its Impact on Materials Properties in Comparison with Shot Peening and Ultrasonic Impact Peening","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Surface Treatment and Residual Stress","field":"Engineering","cited_by":401,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"Peening; Shot peening; Laser peening; Materials science; Residual stress; Shock (circulatory); Composite material; Ultrasonic sensor; Stress corrosion cracking; Corrosion; Metallurgy; Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04620295557978839,"gpt":0.3328985455817108,"spread":0.2866955900019224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004611785,0.001044506,0.00298362,0.0002785979,0.0001180827,0.0005631551,0.0001887481,0.0003575528,0.0001940422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003539005,0.000594949,0.00009832459,0.0001729834,0.00005219081,0.000224874,0.00005502321,0.0002395128,0.00002274176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001817468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005661824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001252421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001996955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974199,0.0002519447,0.0008182307,0.0005374933,0.0002840963,0.0006883541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991222,0.000162789,0.0002880146,0.0002334929,0.00003600008,0.0001575292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003278542,0.0008837236,0.01465877,0.3849046,0.01247035,0.0008012654,0.01529659,0.04356711,0.057783,0.00002831542,0.0004813368,0.4658464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01004821,0.005415931,0.01007651,0.3314914,0.006877445,0.001294329,0.00120831,0.001324827,0.6049702,0.00002049172,0.01458525,0.01268715],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6052384,0.3935785,8.890125e-7,0.000001752759,0.0001303383,0.0007330758,0.0001281147,0.0001333504,0.00005561172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6743968,0.3249654,0.00002282469,0.000001600837,0.0001359139,0.0001397352,0.0001388364,0.000155557,0.0000434126],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5471872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005495108","doi":"10.3390/ma13030801","title":"Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":395,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Hydro-Québec","funders":"Mitacs; Faculty of Engineering, McGill University; McGill University","keywords":"Leaching (pedology); Commercialization; Waste management; Context (archaeology); Pyrometallurgy; Environmental science; Engineering; Materials science; Business; Metallurgy; Smelting","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02869646316405279,"gpt":0.3037748095157494,"spread":0.2750783463516966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001104112,0.000172995,0.001024456,0.00007514594,0.00001814656,0.00005934189,0.00003067464,0.0001178108,0.00008517237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003587848,0.0001420763,0.00002675767,0.00007143478,0.00007907458,0.00009641598,0.00003542205,0.00005116776,0.000001355727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006902122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001463373,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002457394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.734243e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991484,0.00005096806,0.0004708325,0.0001527023,0.00007358564,0.0001034563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996197,0.00007642842,0.0001577725,0.00006538654,0.00001785345,0.00006290755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003708939,0.00003123425,0.00002360385,0.1758454,0.000359242,0.00001379797,0.0007988957,0.000004498835,0.008304645,0.0002716432,0.0001590478,0.8141509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001069766,0.0000496923,0.00002159853,0.001801276,0.0001825324,0.00002950914,0.00002045999,0.00001543988,0.004413577,0.00002618871,0.9931604,0.0001723578],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00922505,0.9895653,0.000009371633,0.000008526717,0.0001834616,0.0002127323,0.0001182854,0.00004618385,0.0006310796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01078748,0.9888337,0.0002068119,0.000002879764,0.00004123528,0.00002359158,0.00004147822,0.00002471254,0.00003806659],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9930013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5793704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1967458916","doi":"10.3390/ma7020673","title":"Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymers as Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Solutions: A Review","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":365,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Adsorption; Metal ions in aqueous solution; Polymer; Metal; Materials science; Mesoporous material; Heavy metals; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Pollutant; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Catalysis; Composite material; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03492198327454157,"gpt":0.2954317253791656,"spread":0.260509742104624,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007755324,0.000568167,0.002449103,0.00008505023,0.0001559981,0.00004563571,0.0006541485,0.0002495524,0.05420964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002589292,0.0004494289,0.000750412,0.000296458,0.0002051983,0.0001305288,0.0003884142,0.0001274918,0.004870752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002566033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009198391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002432748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001625589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964043,0.0004085489,0.001516426,0.0007018824,0.0004683816,0.0005004735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978287,0.0001116726,0.001142628,0.0007078877,0.0000210317,0.0001880622],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009526057,0.0005066619,8.951782e-7,0.03274886,0.0008767203,0.00005325076,0.00004461891,3.16879e-7,0.09994704,0.0009420285,0.02375934,0.841025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002484089,0.00008653344,0.000001807755,0.007441351,0.001403776,0.0004442887,0.000003890461,0.000001058984,0.002676973,0.000208957,0.9870016,0.0004813459],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000423083,0.9920974,0.0002050438,0.0001307174,0.001120452,0.002029481,0.003232937,0.00009425433,0.0006665825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002941693,0.9950814,0.0005788275,0.0003663216,0.0002518427,0.0001048843,0.001094065,0.0000945851,0.002133946],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9632423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2147717613","doi":"10.3390/ma7043198","title":"A Review on Breathing Behaviors of Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs) for Gas Adsorption","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":352,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Metal-organic framework; Microporous material; Adsorption; Materials science; Flexibility (engineering); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03669851800133511,"gpt":0.3220800852133973,"spread":0.2853815672120621,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001321333,0.0007461015,0.004172933,0.0001083062,0.00009625182,0.00009561517,0.0007867681,0.001572673,0.0101576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008833896,0.0005959789,0.0009678531,0.0002298835,0.0000622465,0.00005665271,0.0001321193,0.0005497092,0.0002906141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001289282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001033668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001145669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.315072e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962305,0.0002011158,0.002041454,0.0007992298,0.0003091519,0.0004185112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99531,0.0007307315,0.002041164,0.001670486,0.0001260593,0.0001215307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009865379,0.0002363101,6.525149e-8,0.2844591,0.0003225919,0.000001071602,0.0000188848,1.15439e-7,0.03916447,0.002406919,0.002833371,0.6705473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009151884,0.00002487494,3.592991e-8,0.1542105,0.003756139,0.00002344844,0.000003488851,5.007923e-7,0.03310283,0.0002775317,0.8080313,0.0004778087],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008661718,0.9959445,0.0008117511,0.00008502734,0.0003724198,0.001426507,0.0007627779,0.000118083,0.0003923261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001073242,0.994117,0.001408432,0.0002229106,0.0006198724,0.001851298,0.0009313423,0.0002329023,0.0005089145],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.805198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3133550476","doi":"10.3390/ma14051095","title":"A Review on the Design and Hydration Properties of Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":317,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Self-healing hydrogels; Natural polymers; Materials science; Polymer; Polymer science; Natural (archaeology); Chemical engineering; Composite material; Polymer chemistry; Engineering; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06139936954276169,"gpt":0.2866894997511215,"spread":0.2252901302083598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006550147,0.0003303679,0.000992967,0.00003755711,0.00008381884,0.00005156705,0.000288041,0.0002014071,0.000056584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000266977,0.0001868963,0.0001782198,0.00009845931,0.0001302246,0.000002901176,0.0001011467,0.00007575673,0.00001825681],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001859332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002594205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001356107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.595649e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977601,0.0009187591,0.0006070016,0.0004122308,0.0001317525,0.0001701518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987484,0.00004570561,0.000393965,0.0007099603,0.0000680473,0.00003396433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002323794,0.00008454549,6.22219e-8,0.03434978,0.0002754046,0.000001222911,0.00001441841,0.000001226726,0.7752377,0.00009170178,0.001550331,0.1883704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003280733,0.00003827436,3.031479e-8,0.01746649,0.0002309956,0.000007730371,0.000001574388,0.000001069029,0.5719384,0.000001419749,0.4101316,0.0001496429],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009891104,0.9969058,0.0000548175,0.0002135993,0.0000794901,0.001667826,0.00005480075,0.00001121084,0.00002335226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004305291,0.9934309,0.0001052659,0.000522698,0.000111203,0.001106206,0.0002108986,0.00005405534,0.0001534904],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4085813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7621412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2989937242","doi":"10.3390/ma12233892","title":"Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":273,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Solid-state; Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering physics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03961962668334477,"gpt":0.3231223033094089,"spread":0.2835026766260641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005212719,0.000552058,0.002303509,0.0001394533,0.00003121332,0.0001856558,0.0007548663,0.0002183726,0.0003480476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003939514,0.0003369568,0.0001435222,0.0002039219,0.00004790882,0.0001457699,0.0001591117,0.0002218071,0.0004554114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007702128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001726945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000381266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001077038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979336,0.0001728837,0.0009745212,0.0003117662,0.0001548428,0.0004524457],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989169,0.0001172309,0.0001841456,0.000754297,0.00001175727,0.0000156396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001422803,0.000009976518,2.331953e-7,0.2932158,0.00007808163,0.0000716878,0.00003020373,0.000007575708,0.0008937856,0.00009629728,0.008357042,0.6972379],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004418508,0.00001193015,0.00000105458,0.04750589,0.0001392676,0.00006084708,0.00000294142,1.646362e-7,0.0008979095,0.0002807948,0.9506604,0.000394601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003080289,0.9962207,0.00006956965,0.00008286435,0.001336503,0.00128457,0.0002619446,0.0003453849,0.00009044167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004114465,0.9982824,0.0004015162,0.0002901988,0.0001546755,0.0006098273,0.00007954796,0.0001125595,0.00002807454],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9423034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901611438","doi":"10.3390/ma11122343","title":"Effect of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Quality of Al Alloy Parts: Powder Characterization, Density, Surface Roughness, and Dimensional Accuracy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":273,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Selective laser melting; Materials science; Surface roughness; Process window; Porosity; Design of experiments; Process (computing); Surface finish; Aerospace; Quality (philosophy); Orthogonal array; Process variable; Characterization (materials science); Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Taguchi methods; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0149625278612983,"gpt":0.2733776477143458,"spread":0.2584151198530475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008356092,0.0001922405,0.000398195,0.00002353792,0.00008405701,0.00005223149,0.0001018184,0.00006026847,0.0001555135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004044565,0.0001273502,0.00002398188,0.00007121926,0.0001357565,0.0001418194,0.00005100742,0.00004293349,0.000007144018],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001239715,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001201068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003776456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003025338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988283,0.0002627776,0.0003736959,0.0001829582,0.0001806217,0.0001716333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987476,0.0007133284,0.000217225,0.0001451238,0.0001491359,0.00002756986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002990191,0.00001636773,0.0007361519,0.0006375544,0.00006872963,4.967158e-7,0.0004070758,0.0003957103,0.9972106,0.00003994445,0.00008250983,0.0001058539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002132603,0.0001560523,0.0163971,0.000121112,0.00001980037,0.000001672161,0.00001531855,0.00004295439,0.9827413,0.0001142071,0.00004270026,0.0001345143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990023,0.00000791593,0.00003416781,0.00006219184,0.0003133712,0.0002973187,0.0001898459,0.0000572865,0.00003562134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997035,0.000009787895,0.00003753001,0.00007841257,0.00007086857,0.00001770491,0.0000496549,0.00002665278,0.000005941046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01566095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5193189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3047134723","doi":"10.3390/ma13153441","title":"Thermal Stability of Aluminum Alloys","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":252,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Casting; Microstructure; Aerospace; Metallurgy; Alloy; Thermal stability; Aluminium; Service life; Thermal; Automotive industry; Powder metallurgy; Composite material; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03410306839466715,"gpt":0.2469251869167329,"spread":0.2128221185220658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000195844,0.0004674357,0.002163504,0.00004888628,0.00001768257,0.00004750507,0.0004370288,0.0003028137,0.001675092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004023671,0.0003566147,0.0002242873,0.00009830575,0.00009315228,0.00006328681,0.0001484137,0.0001518274,0.0002060949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001031154,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007206171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001294107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001197393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983036,0.0001395532,0.0008734791,0.0002703528,0.0001501768,0.000262856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992424,0.0000424048,0.0001680903,0.0004551217,0.00003018339,0.00006177794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001717249,0.00001894053,0.000001605003,0.1659123,0.0007948205,0.00001769737,0.0007126622,0.00001149243,0.2020519,0.00005079755,0.00125056,0.6291601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005314315,0.00001815571,0.000001432027,0.00156772,0.0002518391,0.000008167314,0.000007443592,0.000001394003,0.06294528,0.00000577421,0.9348052,0.0003344857],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001656369,0.9949342,0.000006301542,0.000003067969,0.00150374,0.0006062965,0.0005280413,0.0002568593,0.0005051219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001879294,0.9970629,0.000269776,0.000005689685,0.0004379545,0.00006650514,0.00009759441,0.0001582914,0.00002198697],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9335546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3005034901","doi":"10.3390/ma13030782","title":"Waste Rubber Recycling: A Review on the Evolution and Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":247,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Thermoplastic elastomer; Natural rubber; Elastomer; Reuse; Thermoplastic; Waste management; Environmental pollution; Composite material; Polymer; Environmental science; Copolymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05720902004534749,"gpt":0.2692222741269487,"spread":0.2120132540816012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00073312,0.0004070729,0.001794417,0.00005868726,0.0001178781,0.0001098307,0.0004133214,0.0001269558,0.0004643766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000193251,0.0001894379,0.0001612966,0.00015459,0.0002035629,0.00007223603,0.0002105277,0.0001117887,0.0003231619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006266595,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001369667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004526736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.605621e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974376,0.0007675139,0.0008731777,0.000393923,0.000267451,0.0002603269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986968,0.0001601003,0.0006445817,0.00039741,0.00003955408,0.00006153574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001364339,0.00005694037,2.01161e-7,0.2227114,0.0001664761,0.000007912065,0.0003849363,6.135142e-7,0.6499074,0.0006689475,0.001212278,0.1247464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009273638,0.0001907386,2.638843e-7,0.1768324,0.0008873327,0.0000427308,0.00003960506,8.608735e-7,0.1180841,0.0000260769,0.7033839,0.0004192766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003971174,0.9936172,0.000001156291,0.0002367283,0.0005785507,0.001228509,0.0001313209,0.00004178936,0.0001935475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003030743,0.9961252,0.00001432495,0.0001765084,0.0001830195,0.0002214542,0.000007967848,0.00005023695,0.0001905537],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7021716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7725054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2617688245","doi":"10.3390/ma10060602","title":"Chitosan Biomaterials for Current and Potential Dental Applications","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":241,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Bow Valley College","funders":"","keywords":"Chitosan; Biocompatibility; Biomaterial; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Broad spectrum; Scaffold; Biocompatible material; Biodegradation; Chemistry; Biomedical engineering; Engineering; Combinatorial chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07338685014218402,"gpt":0.3889083324082955,"spread":0.3155214822661114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006013082,0.0006673952,0.002310779,0.0002237935,0.0006644226,0.001579515,0.0009675125,0.0003045916,0.0002698757],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003153959,0.0005622371,0.0003009836,0.00005741625,0.0002069724,0.0002462993,0.0005345836,0.00005197596,0.0002953057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005293897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001295903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001920844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001244556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969033,0.0001986163,0.001136305,0.0009204122,0.0002400083,0.0006013485],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974703,0.00007399784,0.001276909,0.0009777913,0.00002953057,0.0001715133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001826648,0.00005670621,3.575873e-7,0.02119427,0.00005188687,0.00000364356,0.00001776887,3.147182e-8,0.6699573,0.0004187794,0.0001982441,0.3080828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002559696,0.00003929078,0.000001193351,0.003236813,0.0006526774,0.0001181181,0.000002335714,1.014578e-7,0.1665015,0.0001313601,0.8285217,0.0005388683],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002095954,0.9806828,0.0003173646,0.000007698719,0.005499391,0.00482242,0.006301449,0.0001966035,0.00007631478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009003772,0.9902022,0.00144518,0.000006759778,0.00215424,0.003626587,0.001454591,0.000156619,0.00005347414],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8283235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177944947","doi":"10.3390/ma8115430","title":"Mechanisms of in Vivo Degradation and Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Based Biomaterials","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":238,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Resorption; Calcium; In vivo; Bone resorption; Materials science; Phosphate; Bioceramic; Biomaterial; Chemistry; Biochemistry; Nanotechnology; Medicine; Biology; Pathology; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04234682843425515,"gpt":0.2787364385677636,"spread":0.2363896101335085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001188672,0.0004515585,0.002627065,0.0004405157,0.000007850184,0.000043072,0.000190777,0.0004177643,0.0003078131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005251598,0.0004284795,0.00007504517,0.0002263576,0.00003858142,0.0001070094,0.0000574055,0.00003698262,0.00001357195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001255079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005409247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008979459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002508908,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975686,0.0002027962,0.001492572,0.0002599825,0.0002158126,0.000260207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999025,0.00005895339,0.000418256,0.0003814552,0.00005212546,0.0000642235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002334609,0.00002535529,2.384901e-7,0.06437071,0.00006957195,0.000007002899,0.0000413401,0.0002394974,0.9135819,0.0003985387,0.0001400045,0.02110248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000386986,0.00005493003,0.000005908619,0.00872729,0.0002237289,0.000008154209,0.000003247723,0.00005706419,0.9414338,0.000192806,0.04846893,0.0004371133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02300184,0.9686636,0.001721263,0.000002383647,0.003099014,0.001480928,0.001715823,0.0002658133,0.00004936823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01622809,0.9788456,0.003772298,0.00000198331,0.000111033,0.0002773266,0.0004144808,0.0002889379,0.00006023002],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05564342,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3162575831","doi":"10.3390/ma14102586","title":"Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":219,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pyrolysis; Waste management; Diesel fuel; Petrochemical; Raw material; Materials science; Heat of combustion; Fluid catalytic cracking; Environmental science; Flash point; Municipal solid waste; Pyrolysis oil; Cracking; Combustion; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02371345982176565,"gpt":0.2588534028698726,"spread":0.235139943048107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000238237,0.0003864904,0.002110065,0.0001091788,0.00001565772,0.00003400327,0.0002404492,0.0001820835,0.0006946813],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005677215,0.0003244517,0.0001199461,0.0003711853,0.00003373503,0.00005301714,0.000197729,0.00007927528,0.0001856201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000649374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008018618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001428525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.158836e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983894,0.00009611426,0.0007168612,0.0003819919,0.0001882551,0.0002273998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990522,0.0001862347,0.0001707307,0.0003947681,0.00008699372,0.0001090239],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004571185,0.00001318181,3.877404e-8,0.8563346,0.0001979976,0.00001659155,0.0000184941,3.826274e-7,0.09610287,0.00001762846,0.005891586,0.04140201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009786831,0.00002495418,5.69992e-8,0.1515122,0.0008872327,0.00002713776,0.000005665433,2.213551e-7,0.3067588,0.000002932432,0.5403196,0.0003633989],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001159166,0.9969146,0.000003247413,0.00001683908,0.0008247069,0.0007831336,0.0001415206,0.000101954,0.00005484077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003229492,0.9990942,0.000117677,0.00003508548,0.0001036561,0.00007377479,0.0001030762,0.00007354048,0.00007607006],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7048224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2903675396","doi":"10.3390/ma12010012","title":"The Effect of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al6061 and AlSi10Mg Alloys","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Selective laser melting; Microstructure; Materials science; Process (computing); Metallurgy; Laser; Composite material; Computer science; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007405438972129283,"gpt":0.2024517037342746,"spread":0.1950462647621453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003762332,0.0001465488,0.0002468957,0.00001604248,0.0001151536,0.00007164752,0.0001016534,0.00005564834,0.00002308658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001699255,0.00006739706,0.00001422679,0.00003260684,0.0002142658,0.00004145187,0.00004303675,0.0000432285,0.000001223876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005771578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004565978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001591435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004231809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993505,0.0001030174,0.0001947883,0.0001219837,0.00008498585,0.0001447644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995217,0.0002320674,0.00007851652,0.0001058385,0.00004351165,0.00001836436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002061315,0.000001792614,0.00002312633,0.000487757,0.00005756818,2.712479e-7,0.0005455902,0.00001921366,0.9982283,0.00004824511,0.00004599858,0.0003360276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001447967,0.0002675488,0.0004744164,0.0001333822,0.00002285505,0.000005544109,0.00007951101,0.00002655831,0.9983395,0.0003630796,0.00006143733,0.00008138363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992554,0.0001042938,0.000005884329,0.00004411456,0.000188551,0.0002783789,0.00004137175,0.00003019205,0.00005177574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997825,0.00003718537,0.00003317546,0.00001748135,0.0000689831,0.0000327418,0.000001316327,0.00002001319,0.000006615333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005270502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2748373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1532656745","doi":"10.3390/ma8062953","title":"Bone Replacement Materials and Techniques Used for Achieving Vertical Alveolar Bone Augmentation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes","field":"Dentistry","cited_by":203,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dental alveolus; Dentistry; Implant; Dental implant; Resorption; Bone resorption; Narrative review; Medicine; Biomedical engineering; Surgery; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04483501480375855,"gpt":0.3402629076501285,"spread":0.2954278928463699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001054913,0.0002054465,0.0004475061,0.00008119309,0.00008461754,0.0003616859,0.000102048,0.0001392221,0.0002832284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001221689,0.0001836182,0.00004199184,0.00004114384,0.00004477434,0.000261316,0.0001616075,0.0000338869,0.00007465747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009876549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001636309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001372415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001327179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984511,0.0001059272,0.0005868382,0.0003179211,0.0002429255,0.0002952733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993774,0.00005665159,0.0001274404,0.0002641008,0.00005607165,0.0001183908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004531362,0.0000457524,0.0005740557,0.0001302601,0.0000237671,0.0000557569,0.00009587494,2.375228e-8,0.9895827,0.001093984,0.007544488,0.0004002419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001000384,0.0002467488,0.001633179,0.00007445614,0.00006082329,0.0004373441,0.00009182404,9.886744e-7,0.9887637,0.0007227125,0.006743268,0.0002246056],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954993,0.00006207843,0.001200076,0.0001601489,0.001252197,0.001026829,0.0003003916,0.0003896596,0.0001093414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991092,0.00001608053,0.007082246,0.0002721518,0.000229641,0.0002842406,0.0002907007,0.00004532838,0.0006875965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00588217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7487732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019068551","doi":"10.3390/ma7085883","title":"Challenges and Alternatives to Plastics Recycling in the Automotive Sector","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":185,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Automotive industry; Sustainability; Waste management; Plastics industry; Plastic waste; Mindset; Business; Engineering; Computer science; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08939702771639185,"gpt":0.3423045609265963,"spread":0.2529075332102044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001182518,0.0002434537,0.00071145,0.00007600926,0.00004105016,0.00009734406,0.0004062342,0.0001013246,0.00009498792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000139638,0.0001479137,0.00004412787,0.00007382959,0.00005216798,0.00004370333,0.000330522,0.00009571132,0.0001748135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008179013,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002924036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006366406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000254079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984291,0.0004555412,0.0003595107,0.0003843663,0.0001721083,0.0001993679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992493,0.0002759323,0.0001682617,0.0002712388,0.000002408146,0.00003290805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001636061,0.00001429725,0.000003935353,0.001749958,0.0000141847,0.000006893824,0.0008007089,0.000003924253,0.00001183148,0.000191046,0.0004449695,0.9967566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003851375,0.00005908052,0.0002799504,0.003439856,0.00005275622,0.000004954225,0.0000619444,0.000001837003,0.00005413292,0.0004150882,0.9953739,0.0002179654],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00257092,0.9782096,0.0001408248,0.0002238963,0.0005245396,0.001775311,0.00002760983,0.0001328037,0.01639451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007036755,0.998167,0.000554137,0.0001134074,0.0001431158,0.0001503085,0.000006589226,0.000025729,0.0001360826],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9965386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6031747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3094015353","doi":"10.3390/ma13214757","title":"Predicting Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Compressive Strength Using Tabular Generative Adversarial Networks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Generative grammar; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Parametric statistics; Experimental data; Random forest; Nonlinear system; Boosting (machine learning); Predictive modelling; Performance prediction; Simulation; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01613690657784114,"gpt":0.209359993416318,"spread":0.1932230868384769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002408299,0.0003966197,0.000621415,0.00005712247,0.0001579707,0.0002037247,0.0002582537,0.0001699208,0.0009099771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006779429,0.0004001818,0.00003773217,0.0002143355,0.00007628356,0.0004270851,0.0000852376,0.0001475147,0.00004652926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001045963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002948901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003548589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.368232e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980584,0.0001146128,0.0007334886,0.000316678,0.0002446417,0.0005321975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992806,0.00005401735,0.0002132709,0.0002134215,0.0001221251,0.0001166047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007700648,5.792797e-7,0.0001134133,0.0001235431,0.0001262367,0.00000941685,0.0003211875,0.1862997,0.8124707,0.0002386961,0.0001774308,0.00004204527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008096365,0.00007843248,0.00005848228,0.00008292799,0.00004225812,0.000002442605,0.00005893393,0.2021588,0.795954,0.000002615845,0.0004045173,0.0003470292],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.982932,0.00005553849,0.01264244,0.00002110375,0.002515501,0.0005500943,0.0002377255,0.0004845667,0.0005609758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954295,0.00004978023,0.001612217,0.0002557276,0.002289282,0.0000354806,0.0002286265,0.00009064477,0.000008767896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01651674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3129928161","doi":"10.3390/ma14051075","title":"Effect of UV Irradiation and TiO2-Photocatalysis on Airborne Bacteria and Viruses: An Overview","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Infection Control and Ventilation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":155,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Ultraviolet; Microorganism; Context (archaeology); Irradiation; Titanium dioxide; Bacteria; Chemistry; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Biology; Catalysis; Physics; Biochemistry; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05499541356752415,"gpt":0.3814372337459292,"spread":0.3264418201784051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007178672,0.0002567401,0.001871063,0.000163909,0.00003848059,0.00006090833,0.00002795191,0.0002181999,0.0005967817],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001063434,0.0001867009,0.000136414,0.0001199583,0.00002568791,0.00008183026,0.00002602904,0.00006148835,0.00002023934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004408446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004574135,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005242116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002896104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984133,0.0005233953,0.0005311401,0.000305013,0.0001227712,0.0001043778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991089,0.0001307444,0.0003755058,0.0002708949,0.00004765611,0.00006627047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001871676,0.00008056857,0.00004881438,0.05664125,0.000384243,0.00000979048,0.00003785619,1.401691e-7,0.003684779,0.0001233611,0.00005242266,0.9387496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002170481,0.002669862,0.003776737,0.03100189,0.008485595,0.0001616709,0.000003713376,0.00001087279,0.01133883,0.000009124679,0.9398849,0.0004862911],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04080429,0.9572216,0.00000535846,0.000005967245,0.0004251518,0.001293535,0.0001414991,0.00002948761,0.00007315134],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005217228,0.9932566,0.00001403266,0.00005014157,0.0002855824,0.0001295626,0.0009364376,0.00003413772,0.00007627536],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9398325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7613443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155176857","doi":"10.3390/ma7064335","title":"Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by New Coumarin","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","keywords":"Hydrochloric acid; Coumarin; Corrosion; Chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Metallurgy; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01708456683726477,"gpt":0.2413008355192875,"spread":0.2242162686820227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006636552,0.0001609383,0.0003184949,0.0001184685,0.00006347187,0.00006241197,0.0001077765,0.0001358427,0.001761154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005676561,0.0001536924,0.00003808261,0.0001497329,0.0000512377,0.0003043621,0.00008781271,0.00004898932,0.0002412883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009340868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002797755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005266723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000043247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984061,0.000158163,0.0005791318,0.0003072387,0.0002888525,0.0002605685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993648,0.00002643265,0.0002409487,0.0002448424,0.00004757741,0.00007542331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001128171,0.0000867316,0.0001293285,0.00003407106,9.360107e-8,4.54058e-7,0.0001158154,0.000005811574,0.9934914,0.000111222,0.005510103,0.0004021783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008449206,0.0001644073,0.001005375,0.0001400391,0.000009887214,0.000002672952,0.00002047996,0.00003443716,0.9966289,0.0004243245,0.0005590675,0.0001655332],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940736,0.00003343183,0.004189081,0.00009943705,0.0009653202,0.0002600213,0.00008010911,0.00006448445,0.0002344734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990587,0.00001689671,0.0002417487,0.0000829623,0.0001096843,0.00002557839,0.0001536876,0.00001821192,0.0002924807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004985107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3000207538","doi":"10.3390/ma13020261","title":"A Review of Non-Soil Biochar Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Amendment; Slash-and-char; Environmental science; Environmental remediation; Waste management; Environmental chemistry; Pyrolysis; Chemistry; Contamination; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05111165350928727,"gpt":0.3688546909426428,"spread":0.3177430374333555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004112923,0.0003552713,0.00244495,0.00008104086,0.00006309742,0.00007433991,0.0005425008,0.0001613286,0.007555065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008910403,0.0002718799,0.0003796352,0.0002786494,0.00006719394,0.00007121341,0.0001849903,0.00009862173,0.004733955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000579209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002010556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008712346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002463279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976517,0.0001818157,0.001320732,0.0004493116,0.0001775368,0.0002189305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981444,0.00009860953,0.0009084946,0.0006353872,0.0001131236,0.0001000101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003516043,0.00009092361,1.333131e-8,0.5914345,0.00006993926,0.000006373381,0.00002701615,9.174624e-8,0.1117847,0.0003781962,0.03507156,0.2611331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003192847,0.00002065734,3.028152e-8,0.09109244,0.0004151337,0.00002418733,0.000001827445,7.413539e-8,0.0109439,0.0000148521,0.8972378,0.0002172048],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009965951,0.9951575,0.00006046571,0.00008779608,0.000699139,0.00131909,0.001697627,0.00006035779,0.0009080247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000003094488,0.9968626,0.0002568192,0.0002933578,0.0005539506,0.001321002,0.0003365731,0.00005491836,0.0003176724],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8621662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041931450","doi":"10.3390/ma7042501","title":"Tunneling Conductivity and Piezoresistivity of Composites Containing Randomly Dispersed Conductive Nano-Platelets","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates; Syncrude","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Electrical conductor; Percolation threshold; Conductivity; Resistor; Percolation (cognitive psychology); Quantum tunnelling; Nanocomposite; Composite number; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01134358732863133,"gpt":0.2077570044304264,"spread":0.1964134171017951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000452778,0.0002236105,0.0006515936,0.00007960516,0.00008762776,0.00005583924,0.00007953329,0.00008838505,0.0000651616],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002188579,0.0002080846,0.00003162727,0.00006616948,0.0001750172,0.0002023801,0.00003015988,0.00005086845,0.000004830296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000255319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000550279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006494839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003949522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988897,0.0001556268,0.0003762878,0.0002191796,0.0001025849,0.0002565754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992809,0.0003077411,0.0001097614,0.0001776298,0.00005276046,0.00007124178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001631615,0.00001359839,0.0001147795,0.0001411616,0.00003919156,0.000002150975,0.0002731205,0.005231897,0.9925299,0.001139052,0.00001545471,0.000336587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0013301,0.00005894646,0.001569939,0.0001406422,0.00003134313,0.00001430419,0.00008311289,0.0006941992,0.9947755,0.0008891152,0.0001653614,0.0002474147],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936498,0.00007143395,0.004012085,0.0000101479,0.000636065,0.000145665,0.00008129915,0.0002066614,0.001186826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979315,0.00002242264,0.001820641,0.00001323382,0.0001093077,0.00001333221,0.00002362231,0.00004008761,0.00002585174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004537698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8485442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2169209939","doi":"10.3390/ma6031028","title":"Advanced Electrodes for High Power Li-ion Batteries","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Intermittency; Electrode; Ion; Electronics; Power density; Nanometre; Battery (electricity); Nanoarchitectures for lithium-ion batteries; Nanotechnology; Work (physics); Power (physics); Energy storage; Composite number; Engineering physics; Electrical engineering; Electrochemistry; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02187065338004872,"gpt":0.2890440992848901,"spread":0.2671734459048413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002385521,0.0008440948,0.002489761,0.0001665508,0.00008019359,0.0002916704,0.0004685543,0.0003753378,0.003945723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005414773,0.0007217563,0.0001342265,0.00009222077,0.00004714481,0.0003545402,0.0001114442,0.00009487796,0.0009079479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002298831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002786156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003149859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.419742e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973444,0.000104138,0.001173172,0.0004976616,0.0001685467,0.0007121232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987608,0.0001396283,0.000312876,0.0006635262,0.00005530705,0.0000678986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005553302,0.00006436693,1.21486e-7,0.1104489,0.0007771989,0.00001031364,0.00008531253,0.00006759197,0.1821977,0.001964281,0.03165673,0.672672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002006014,0.00007929076,3.973333e-7,0.003118334,0.0001953123,0.00001062373,0.000003315895,1.17267e-7,0.06206506,0.0007113551,0.9328725,0.0007430965],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001710948,0.9811762,0.001364756,0.00001336857,0.01005907,0.003364741,0.001389622,0.0007447745,0.0001764944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001875943,0.9886864,0.003981192,0.00005325908,0.0008095168,0.004127413,0.000982409,0.0004136259,0.0007585773],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9012157,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2959401224","doi":"10.3390/ma12142284","title":"Process-Structure-Property Relationships of AISI H13 Tool Steel Processed with Selective Laser Melting","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Selective laser melting; Materials science; Relative density; Microstructure; Laser power scaling; Composite material; Surface roughness; Die (integrated circuit); Tool steel; Machining; Scanning electron microscope; Surface finish; Power density; Toughness; Laser; Metallurgy; Optics; Power (physics); Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009095896388246169,"gpt":0.1935226316344129,"spread":0.1844267352461668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001975864,0.0002552474,0.0004104131,0.00007159255,0.00007297541,0.0001028359,0.000159558,0.0001125376,0.000894883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007786298,0.0001619869,0.00001937473,0.0001622951,0.00003628248,0.0003989737,0.0000256347,0.0001083905,0.00003451818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003321816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005118658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001142699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008218082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988542,0.00005385014,0.0003675687,0.0002541406,0.0002023397,0.0002678882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993711,0.00007003057,0.000148194,0.0001941561,0.0001802913,0.00003620294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001981018,0.00001909331,0.002341679,0.003004784,0.00009472497,0.000002568028,0.0009513078,0.008408479,0.9846237,0.00006350559,0.0001421559,0.0001498931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004001831,0.00008050747,0.00689271,0.000195113,0.00002588453,0.000009612129,0.000160197,0.00005524471,0.9912368,0.0003447792,0.0003121995,0.0002867712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967428,0.00002505051,0.00008883125,0.00001350228,0.0002495616,0.0004960974,0.000210175,0.00023728,0.001936733],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989527,0.000004669917,0.0004776837,0.00001589031,0.0001195882,0.00005055464,0.00006961491,0.00007049948,0.0002387992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008353234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9798341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976896601","doi":"10.3390/ma3125169","title":"Applications of Piezoelectric Materials in Structural Health Monitoring and Repair: Selected Research Examples","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Structural health monitoring; Piezoelectric sensor; Actuator; Transducer; Materials science; PMUT; Beam (structure); Acoustics; Mechanical engineering; Structural engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Composite material; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08016387000065459,"gpt":0.4175511358955808,"spread":0.3373872658949262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00160525,0.000435207,0.002016306,0.0009310399,0.0001180645,0.0000852851,0.0003941232,0.0005547279,0.00003942864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001246537,0.0003956657,0.00005981541,0.001123619,0.00008540698,0.0000879316,0.0001323363,0.0006259553,0.000005431265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000456856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002012261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008534057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001471776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996449,0.0005296498,0.001515968,0.0004547853,0.0003109955,0.000739608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984809,0.0003383596,0.0002983182,0.0006145389,0.000139312,0.0001286235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005682946,0.000004838572,0.00003446274,0.05755145,0.00003162064,0.000001949957,0.0001140351,2.852893e-7,0.003445579,0.0001760001,0.00004834104,0.9385858],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005494879,0.0004227058,0.00669944,0.03770247,0.000191677,0.0002506813,0.00005910367,0.00001099671,0.07811695,0.002347545,0.8714025,0.002246414],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1055261,0.8898736,0.00000627235,0.000003662227,0.0009464684,0.002610726,0.000239099,0.0007830983,0.00001093332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02920801,0.9631843,0.005372382,6.124264e-7,0.0007903685,0.001196296,0.0001009131,0.000137978,0.000009158731],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9363393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3204700411","doi":"10.3390/ma14195676","title":"Cause and Mitigation of Lithium-Ion Battery Failure—A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Failure mode and effects analysis; Battery (electricity); Thermal runaway; Reliability engineering; Reliability (semiconductor); Interrupt; Computer science; Catastrophic failure; Lithium-ion battery; Materials science; Engineering; Microcontroller; Embedded system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04185982554329745,"gpt":0.3308622205939125,"spread":0.289002395050615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002803879,0.0003013241,0.001748517,0.0001486272,0.00001824807,0.00004159521,0.000221765,0.0002915864,0.0003703154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001835749,0.0002607901,0.00009438134,0.0002434393,0.00006312145,0.0001016746,0.0001968439,0.0001897482,0.00004362949],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000829661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002732789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001435249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.025713e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984906,0.0001381803,0.0007050632,0.0002629573,0.0001713915,0.0002318399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991164,0.0001099964,0.0001537829,0.0005310808,0.00005313416,0.00003566242],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.155683e-7,0.000006395445,3.023619e-7,0.3760824,0.0001346779,0.00003837169,0.000005768405,0.000001714701,0.002875538,0.00005903699,0.005707886,0.6150876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003393488,0.00001071731,5.388824e-7,0.08917027,0.0001693967,0.00006989658,0.000003050385,3.756065e-7,0.008030559,0.0000251518,0.9022649,0.0002212105],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006735764,0.9984231,0.00009520925,0.00004227413,0.0002780227,0.0006500086,0.0001771571,0.0001997736,0.00006712089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001221594,0.998638,0.0006547657,0.00001486376,0.00007096471,0.0001948462,0.0002751703,0.00007275247,0.0000664101],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.896557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2946941686","doi":"10.3390/ma12111770","title":"Recent Progress on Organic Electrodes Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Supercapacitor; Materials science; Lithium (medication); Battery (electricity); Organic radical battery; Electrolyte; Nanotechnology; Energy storage; Electrode; Process engineering; Environmental science; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Power (physics); Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04690999193484792,"gpt":0.3024215927750271,"spread":0.2555116008401792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000849305,0.00104245,0.003178037,0.00023956,0.0001097658,0.0005358795,0.0004322155,0.0005264973,0.003351445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001097289,0.00088279,0.00008468513,0.0001325863,0.00009024518,0.000251393,0.0001304658,0.000118744,0.0005876488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004317413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006639523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000112709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.262668e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966335,0.0002436721,0.001316123,0.0006555233,0.0002885732,0.0008626236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985617,0.0001905779,0.0003048713,0.0007656467,0.0000887862,0.00008841893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001884582,0.0001006077,8.032547e-7,0.1764926,0.0008997803,0.00000956661,0.0001519263,0.000002798092,0.4178228,0.0006098138,0.01868147,0.3850394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002206686,0.000156975,2.32544e-7,0.005380549,0.0003007148,0.00002189714,0.000007190007,7.39275e-8,0.2455385,0.0001277322,0.7475306,0.0007148249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0127198,0.9670663,0.00003576946,0.00003092871,0.01152722,0.004768651,0.003175609,0.0005900118,0.00008566005],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001289341,0.9943094,0.0005304377,0.00006205912,0.001117112,0.002017863,0.0009534673,0.0004953961,0.000385358],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7288492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792591992","doi":"10.3390/ma11040487","title":"Surface Texture-Based Surface Treatments on Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloys for Tribological and Biological Applications: A Mini Review","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Tribology and Lubrication Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Tribology; Titanium alloy; Materials science; Abrasive; Texture (cosmology); Titanium; Metallurgy; Surface finish; Surface engineering; Surface modification; Surface roughness; Alloy; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07261168092479321,"gpt":0.3254348205346814,"spread":0.2528231396098882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004658213,0.0005395872,0.001687883,0.00005340076,0.00007510783,0.00003835939,0.000263676,0.0006089482,0.0002002861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008611347,0.0003864704,0.000197764,0.0001691847,0.00007620638,0.00003028673,0.00003172985,0.0001319018,0.0002742158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001070521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003176971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.905938e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.814037e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982111,0.0001557415,0.0006908003,0.0005111022,0.00008606651,0.0003451747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987598,0.0004936009,0.0001645213,0.0004439297,0.00004181596,0.00009630918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002475574,0.001076302,0.00002124415,0.405609,0.00334172,0.00005430347,0.00004764745,0.00112635,0.005127381,0.00472319,0.08488708,0.4937382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002670921,0.000142406,0.000009258993,0.004736125,0.0003964412,0.00001832955,5.633953e-7,0.00002231847,0.0003371635,0.00002262213,0.993648,0.000399693],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001015091,0.9918203,0.003163048,0.0000419043,0.0003507063,0.003152202,0.0008547983,0.0003965916,0.0001189606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001738224,0.9942238,0.002866862,0.00009460668,0.0002087154,0.001224664,0.001009294,0.00007321411,0.0001250256],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9087609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2487978463","doi":"10.3390/ma9070595","title":"Optimization of Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Lamellar structure; Electrochemistry; Cathode; Materials science; Lithium (medication); Electrode; Ion; Chemical engineering; Inorganic chemistry; Composite material; Chemistry; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03865842609432252,"gpt":0.3065182084683687,"spread":0.2678597823740462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000847967,0.0007463412,0.003261607,0.0003070909,0.00005747105,0.0001511517,0.0004758036,0.0004920159,0.003329941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001706357,0.000585961,0.0001307344,0.0001160265,0.00007582155,0.0002729924,0.0001366072,0.00004117063,0.0001106136],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002668429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005814802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003014691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.527994e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965248,0.0002424189,0.002004744,0.0004619606,0.0002589258,0.0005071433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980791,0.0002475175,0.0007585043,0.0007207885,0.0001376216,0.00005645327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001654743,0.00008618094,1.570262e-7,0.2192571,0.00122009,0.000008056221,0.0002297622,0.002484187,0.6131886,0.0009079943,0.007797522,0.1546549],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003178149,0.00005381495,2.535731e-7,0.01427786,0.0004760362,0.000009612972,0.000003708059,0.000002185343,0.2672993,0.0001262455,0.7167181,0.0007150006],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006340421,0.9238261,0.02664193,0.00001423914,0.01751091,0.004437635,0.02602023,0.0006671398,0.0002477682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00006308771,0.988431,0.006817168,0.00002144561,0.0009119561,0.001457297,0.001644915,0.0003726459,0.0002804474],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7089207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902692830","doi":"10.3390/ma11122386","title":"A Comprehensive Approach to Powder Feedstock Characterization for Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Case Study on AlSi7Mg","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Raw material; Cohesion (chemistry); Particle size; Particle-size distribution; Composite material; Rheology; Metal powder; Particle (ecology); Porosity; Moisture; Bulk density; Powder metallurgy; Sintering; Metallurgy; Chemical engineering; Metal; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03403941607836966,"gpt":0.2629380554157574,"spread":0.2288986393373877,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001417906,0.0003519806,0.0003972053,0.0002383474,0.0002362285,0.0001365406,0.0002041737,0.0001452369,0.0001151478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004356349,0.0003190406,0.0000505886,0.00008937799,0.00005421981,0.00009361103,0.0001650487,0.00009662965,0.0001432422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000805178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006379415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003460671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002697416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985974,0.00006159647,0.0003314827,0.0004531407,0.0001534206,0.0004029317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992344,0.00008607208,0.00008256771,0.0004205044,0.0001039074,0.00007259238],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004958026,0.0006638398,0.00003468571,0.0003227946,0.0004240799,0.0001974871,0.009122364,0.0001162671,0.9488136,0.0002223314,0.004318031,0.03526871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006473243,0.0006083769,0.00655264,0.00004639963,0.00003180463,0.00008978297,0.002173398,0.00005095158,0.9821974,0.00008283898,0.007109886,0.0004091685],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910913,0.000001818656,0.004179209,0.00004279301,0.0007142114,0.001997049,0.0004586754,0.001152275,0.0003627061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997281,0.000001549065,0.001186598,0.000127225,0.0004141342,0.0006011917,0.0001855992,0.00008518978,0.0001175695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03485954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1534625089","doi":"10.3390/ma8085138","title":"A Unified Model for the Prediction of Yield Strength in Particulate-Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Nanocomposite; Yield (engineering); Composite material; Stiffness; Porosity; Strengthening mechanisms of materials; Matrix (chemical analysis); Powder metallurgy; Grain size; Casting; Metallurgy; Microstructure","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04104992792410571,"gpt":0.2323449568863924,"spread":0.1912950289622867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002494305,0.0001232073,0.0002226048,0.00005315105,0.00002241374,0.00003813762,0.0001468381,0.00006353833,0.00001752675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004561216,0.00008703902,0.00003742371,0.00006918657,0.00002940553,0.0001368642,0.00003924843,0.00003451777,0.000007218067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004243199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001792541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006305779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009520582,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992257,0.00001628945,0.0003705624,0.00009173116,0.0001162087,0.0001795184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995982,0.00007681896,0.00004640645,0.0001963194,0.00004800067,0.00003424098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006626504,0.000005581318,0.00004248449,0.00004891487,0.00003340107,2.70254e-7,0.0005256276,0.3825163,0.616279,0.0003322627,0.0001279502,0.0000219882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002736219,0.00003340427,0.00005934982,0.0000212289,0.00002546112,0.000001088198,0.00004863117,0.459163,0.5402074,0.00007317016,0.00003812474,0.00005552141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943735,0.0001483707,0.004329278,0.00003034639,0.0003220552,0.0004910702,0.0000744534,0.0001225806,0.0001083173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985131,0.00000885289,0.001009925,0.000006835172,0.00004694788,0.000135079,0.00002083729,0.00002552261,0.000232891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07664672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3549348,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954626475","doi":"10.3390/ma12132145","title":"Evaluation of Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Different Date Palm Fillers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","keywords":"Composite material; Epoxy; Materials science; Palm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03066806780638519,"gpt":0.2520052618840647,"spread":0.2213371940776795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006052196,0.000198167,0.0005667791,0.00005371197,0.00004004262,0.00006395956,0.0002287502,0.00006843587,0.0005599487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005933499,0.0001141343,0.00003658945,0.00007251763,0.0001627062,0.0001811855,0.0001821161,0.00004585208,0.00002899757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002298994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002781101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005630961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.519541e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981681,0.0002356785,0.0004152576,0.0002798797,0.0006982975,0.0002028544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99894,0.0000685204,0.0003331918,0.0003456981,0.0002634384,0.00004913702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000272708,0.00002465178,0.00003488628,0.0001459898,0.00002675267,6.927806e-7,0.0001461358,0.0007914286,0.9977299,0.0007745729,0.000007009889,0.00004529193],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00080629,0.0005487226,0.0005443314,0.000188983,0.00009123504,0.00001132809,0.00003984003,0.001844252,0.9955851,0.0001730324,0.000003750225,0.0001631109],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988134,0.00006866137,0.00001675399,0.00003885495,0.0001413833,0.0007281239,0.00003862311,0.0000385016,0.0001156821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993173,0.00000761608,0.000521341,0.00001908337,0.0000237939,0.00003041543,0.00002007483,0.00001419705,0.00004616606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002144755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6131046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2031496734","doi":"10.3390/ma6020637","title":"Advanced Strategies for Articular Cartilage Defect Repair","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","field":"Medicine","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"Health Research Board","keywords":"Hyaline cartilage; Tissue engineering; Articular cartilage repair; Cartilage; Articular cartilage; Biomaterial; Context (archaeology); Regenerative medicine; Chondrogenesis; Progenitor cell; Biomedical engineering; Regeneration (biology); Materials science; Stem cell; Cell biology; Medicine; Biology; Osteoarthritis; Anatomy; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04370176548788721,"gpt":0.3336737442724957,"spread":0.2899719787846085,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000168144,0.0003999247,0.001972151,0.00007804083,0.0000543496,0.00009002322,0.0000634586,0.0002662133,0.0006145824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004550981,0.0002784793,0.000769868,0.00005530565,0.00002486372,0.00009923449,0.00003124731,0.00005088929,0.0004793358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007358946,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001828569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003659887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000269854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985208,0.00008082975,0.0005379301,0.0003892586,0.0001256603,0.0003455337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991403,0.00005609496,0.0002097954,0.0004281292,0.00006071861,0.0001049729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00010395,0.0001478413,1.766787e-7,0.06807711,0.000398238,0.0002066529,0.00006671201,6.634186e-8,0.03445543,0.004488203,0.002093668,0.889962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009856727,0.001127907,8.410817e-8,0.00842745,0.002567333,0.00008300543,0.00003550626,3.840425e-8,0.0146994,0.0002611523,0.9715545,0.0002579266],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00158493,0.9917389,0.00003162064,0.000005433203,0.0008363965,0.004883092,0.0001888033,0.0002712436,0.0004596403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000157137,0.9896032,0.002492751,0.00003161605,0.0004101837,0.003481353,0.0008432647,0.000111125,0.00286934],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9694608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097943906","doi":"10.3390/ma8041778","title":"Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Various Biomaterial Carriers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bone morphogenetic protein; Biomaterial; Bone healing; Regeneration (biology); Bone grafting; Cell biology; Mesenchymal stem cell; Stem cell; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Biology; Medicine; Dentistry; Anatomy; Biochemistry; In vitro","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03623677937759831,"gpt":0.2646430985864809,"spread":0.2284063192088826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008160918,0.0008890386,0.002693725,0.0003373254,0.00009302858,0.0004836547,0.0001995396,0.0006724481,0.0002160604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005003112,0.0008659604,0.0001063051,0.0002059102,0.0000675249,0.0001503267,0.000142906,0.0001333731,0.0001120554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004110987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001334829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009484784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003640909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970908,0.0002707753,0.001239724,0.0005286158,0.0002885432,0.0005816067],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988068,0.00002054895,0.0002648504,0.0006204853,0.00005399939,0.0002333579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001721222,0.00001926694,5.042482e-8,0.04220844,0.0003306754,0.0002512893,0.0002094903,0.001146122,0.8861954,0.00005093979,0.0007016019,0.06886956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005476314,0.00007873664,5.23633e-7,0.005601141,0.001117773,0.001414947,0.000005957614,0.0002120872,0.08237614,0.00005929169,0.9068033,0.001782524],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02331976,0.9674832,0.0003519185,0.000002618207,0.005289854,0.001873015,0.0009065276,0.0007437372,0.00002938928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00148059,0.9901022,0.004979362,0.000003267178,0.001753174,0.0004351769,0.0005882768,0.0005360825,0.00012187],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9061016,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2970627901","doi":"10.3390/ma12172778","title":"Mechanochemistry of Metal Hydrides: Recent Advances","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Hydrogen Storage and Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":110,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"NordForsk; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Mechanochemistry; Ball mill; Materials science; Metallurgy; Hydrogen; Metal; Severe plastic deformation; Grinding; Structural material; Mechanical engineering; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05681390264533894,"gpt":0.338575183136624,"spread":0.2817612804912851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001261594,0.0006963489,0.004201953,0.0001351311,0.00005679052,0.0001302968,0.0009042127,0.0005205008,0.01593166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001672205,0.00052826,0.0003768383,0.0001834405,0.0001048572,0.000238922,0.0003686434,0.0000931145,0.00280782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001122108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003060683,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001716303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.727539e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959983,0.0004350688,0.001776173,0.0007871086,0.0004584292,0.0005449602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969982,0.0001263411,0.001593337,0.001050604,0.0001164599,0.000115068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001870045,0.00005280717,1.32528e-8,0.04786351,0.00007535673,0.00001997491,0.00002621267,4.793991e-7,0.8385037,0.0001216324,0.0002814625,0.1130362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007029418,0.00002733343,2.65995e-9,0.002778497,0.0004087484,0.00003003211,0.000004767411,1.098283e-8,0.4721526,0.00006579762,0.5241817,0.0002802859],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003678275,0.9880738,0.00001174526,0.000003619132,0.004760284,0.0009387942,0.001696947,0.0001110614,0.0007254451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00007736179,0.9976027,0.0003675861,0.00001887696,0.0005117304,0.0002030295,0.0003448901,0.0001099513,0.0007638528],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5239002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997169,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2600004579","doi":"10.3390/ma10040346","title":"Damage Evolution in Complex-Phase and Dual-Phase Steels during Edge Stretching","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"ArcelorMittal (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Nucleation; Martensite; Shearing (physics); Dual-phase steel; Formability; Composite material; Coalescence (physics); Void (composites); Optical microscope; Work hardening; Electron backscatter diffraction; Bainite; Metallurgy; Scanning electron microscope","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02117331440989856,"gpt":0.2732356386245856,"spread":0.2520623242146871,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001730308,0.0001589241,0.0002667426,0.00005728206,0.000190107,0.0002575846,0.0001464738,0.00008406483,0.0002485803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003642224,0.0001469457,0.00001898877,0.00001664735,0.00004224026,0.0003369446,0.0001300517,0.00008123271,0.00001647674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005666044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005185571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009200421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000328745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991781,0.00002630868,0.0002792651,0.0001790922,0.00007311897,0.0002640908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995095,0.000008683198,0.00005749494,0.0003430518,0.00001111182,0.00007014027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004903871,0.00001977793,0.00003115576,0.0001522999,0.000009593212,0.00003032719,0.0001955516,0.00004463572,0.998347,0.0002802196,0.00007199802,0.000768382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003844335,0.00006630388,0.008829973,0.000119708,0.00001345075,0.00001870492,0.00008401141,0.0005394745,0.9847876,0.0007030492,0.000708841,0.0002845389],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984717,0.0001098975,0.00008066615,0.00003269039,0.0004347317,0.0002121531,0.0001295977,0.00009759401,0.0004310009],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994664,0.00002672127,0.0002003288,0.00001317304,0.0001615319,0.000009328078,0.0000222552,0.00002853318,0.00007168129],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01355941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5992272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2997443008","doi":"10.3390/ma13010157","title":"Water Droplet Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades: Mechanics, Testing, Modeling and Future Perspectives","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Erosion; Turbine; Turbine blade; Aerodynamics; Environmental science; Water turbine; Marine engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Geology; Aerospace engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03923986457839024,"gpt":0.2583716898452215,"spread":0.2191318252668313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002390375,0.0003976354,0.001446135,0.0002002841,0.00003930116,0.00006193775,0.0002054961,0.0004773085,0.00003810921],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004136127,0.0002604449,0.00008418303,0.0000884286,0.0000262118,0.0000550157,0.0001186353,0.0001897105,0.00003144591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006583736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001558705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002153583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.570727e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987735,0.00004085944,0.0004942478,0.0002990314,0.0001171882,0.000275238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993945,0.00003680632,0.00009642656,0.0003978194,0.0000508053,0.00002359523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002098269,0.00008689576,0.000001051889,0.1639591,0.0006097158,0.00002264634,0.004201158,0.004303002,0.06998686,0.002931708,0.0007276306,0.7531492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001946657,0.001077206,0.000002784448,0.1970147,0.005643909,0.000551598,0.004868115,0.01877048,0.3515657,0.006993501,0.4044057,0.007159671],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.006440033,0.9903859,0.0007383214,0.00001246337,0.001020574,0.0004714125,0.00009804952,0.0007171384,0.0001161379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01711769,0.981441,0.0008774989,0.000001812815,0.000359288,0.00001230837,0.00005037931,0.0001047814,0.00003520951],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7459896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800789139","doi":"10.3390/ma11050724","title":"The Role of Mucin in the Toxicological Impact of Polystyrene Nanoparticles","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Science Foundation Ireland","keywords":"Mucin; Dynamic light scattering; Polystyrene; Viability assay; Quartz crystal microbalance; Materials science; Biophysics; Drug delivery; Zeta potential; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Apoptosis; Polymer; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Biology; Adsorption","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07994687137783864,"gpt":0.44864346556937,"spread":0.3686965941915313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001730149,0.0001183678,0.0002725847,0.00003583423,0.0001165731,0.00001281784,0.0003946176,0.0001370263,0.000705469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001678797,0.00005898187,0.00006564898,0.0001570134,0.0004707417,0.00005041155,0.00007478813,0.0001048908,0.00005833077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003578969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003840963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001325025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004682539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977815,0.001166387,0.0005080164,0.0001315195,0.000119546,0.0002930881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987403,0.0006562386,0.0002421209,0.0002511032,0.0000715681,0.0000387399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005247011,0.0001368532,0.007667646,0.000007961586,0.00004563343,0.000002960727,0.0009045342,0.00005460457,0.9865412,0.001500775,0.000243955,0.002369202],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004461581,0.0003816112,0.01812072,0.000008526153,0.0000216148,0.00001105457,0.0005212781,0.00006776888,0.972652,0.001472304,0.006229519,0.00006748164],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975464,0.0005023669,0.000002417901,0.0001379623,0.0004773576,0.0003513822,0.00007488061,0.00001379192,0.0008934048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995338,0.00004649259,0.00002354833,0.0001092667,0.000192804,0.00003623635,0.000002585661,0.00000805643,0.00004724745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0138892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7724391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391996208","doi":"10.3390/ma17040965","title":"Hydrogen Impact: A Review on Diffusibility, Embrittlement Mechanisms, and Characterization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials","topic":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":108,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrogen embrittlement; Materials science; Hydrogen; Embrittlement; Ductility (Earth science); Grain boundary; Toughness; Cantilever; Cracking; Hydrogen storage; Creep; Corrosion; Composite material; Forensic engineering; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0446689442455743,"gpt":0.3592877890834982,"spread":0.3146188448379239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00220564,0.0009359167,0.002951823,0.0002332773,0.0001480052,0.0005230085,0.0005514774,0.0003169753,0.009805654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005777254,0.0006271263,0.0004730225,0.0002833541,0.00005743127,0.0001511056,0.0005870477,0.0001873867,0.003824844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000222651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001467591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001347366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.31755e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952151,0.000688542,0.001671863,0.001196164,0.0006641904,0.0005642041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980909,0.00005233044,0.0006608192,0.0009330364,0.0000523937,0.0002105573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001465587,0.0002236676,3.44176e-7,0.1402297,0.00009002043,0.00007570937,0.00003596798,2.190406e-8,0.5925801,0.001015593,0.001649192,0.264085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00017773,0.0002654074,0.000001680157,0.1133647,0.004810304,0.0001203227,0.000002950862,4.933656e-7,0.04239881,0.0004555887,0.8372505,0.001151482],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01027848,0.982245,0.00001558937,0.0000426928,0.001745834,0.002855042,0.002538341,0.0002192596,0.00005975666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001153592,0.9960577,0.00008640353,0.0002319012,0.0002758085,0.0009134511,0.001499129,0.000147766,0.0006724545],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8356013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937675841","doi":"10.3390/ma12081247","title":"Sulfate Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with GGBS and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; York University; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province; New York University Abu Dhabi; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station","keywords":"Sulfate; Fly ash; Durability; Ground granulated blast-furnace slag; Materials science; Aggregate (composite); Compressive strength; Cement; Ettringite; Composite material; Geopolymer; Waste management; Metallurgy; Portland cement; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003287412510580328,"gpt":0.1666766259793683,"spread":0.163389213468788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001765706,0.0002509358,0.0004888279,0.0000869451,0.00003077253,0.00005743434,0.0001648876,0.00009984814,0.0004715507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000929668,0.0002112441,0.00002814184,0.0001377841,0.00009857942,0.000192171,0.00002923923,0.00006451679,0.00006275118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000300545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002102706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004347858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001168557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988104,0.00004975726,0.0003759424,0.0002520472,0.0001856181,0.0003262126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992475,0.00005759117,0.0001430026,0.0004222826,0.00005328635,0.00007631683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002949602,0.000001016993,0.0007001792,0.0005185013,0.00004943083,0.000009749306,0.00007260436,0.0001829662,0.9975832,0.0001171635,0.0001627476,0.0003074428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001243681,0.00006907706,0.0009768467,0.0004560105,0.00002391705,0.000006433148,0.00001309075,0.0009752961,0.9924708,0.00002798108,0.00342881,0.0003080371],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945608,0.00087968,0.00007730933,0.00004961131,0.0003594458,0.0002905939,0.00007607841,0.0001843146,0.003522113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975548,0.0001575161,0.001146747,0.00003585918,0.00004726649,0.00002909398,0.00002125457,0.0000693653,0.0009381373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005112418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8614285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064772259","doi":"10.3390/ma7010244","title":"Microstructural Evolution and Dynamic Softening Mechanisms of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy during Hot Compressive Deformation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","field":"Engineering","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Science and Technology Beijing","keywords":"Dynamic recrystallization; Materials science; Softening; Strain rate; Microstructure; Flow stress; Alloy; Deformation (meteorology); Metallurgy; Recrystallization (geology); Deformation mechanism; Hot working; Composite material; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003740106844081354,"gpt":0.1871032699666142,"spread":0.1833631631225329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001844817,0.0001409379,0.0002477462,0.00007195428,0.00007953337,0.00005258331,0.00007289121,0.00007432719,0.00009077427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001977545,0.0001317585,0.00002286628,0.00003374791,0.00002530291,0.0002758695,0.00005085535,0.0000350703,0.00001202726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004013125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003048551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003452656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005122619,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992563,0.00003693628,0.0003192973,0.0001097384,0.00008744228,0.0001903121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971,0.00001369316,0.0000988991,0.0001162891,0.00002524402,0.00003592551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003267423,0.000001498163,0.000007491549,0.0002781458,0.00001678615,4.804743e-7,0.0001521751,0.0007644998,0.9970543,0.001536149,0.000002866248,0.0001528949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003603755,0.00002155441,0.00592102,0.00009454902,0.00001892319,0.00003464016,0.00004034261,0.00639641,0.984634,0.002282866,0.00003311254,0.0001621818],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864473,0.00002636503,0.0122309,0.000006253577,0.0009702946,0.0001278963,0.00002444701,0.0001245391,0.00004198435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977167,0.00001006441,0.00213447,0.00001016132,0.00003720795,0.000009519532,0.00004326818,0.00002293387,0.00001567734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01242031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5372953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2177453219","doi":"10.3390/ma8115427","title":"Chiral Nematic Structure of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions and Films; Polarized Light and Atomic Force Microscopy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Liquid crystal; Nanocrystal; Optical microscope; Cellulose; Evaporation; Anisotropy; Polarized light microscopy; Microscopy; Atomic force microscopy; Chemical engineering; Chemical physics; Crystallography; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Optics; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Scanning electron microscope; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0157736367014856,"gpt":0.2806163156913731,"spread":0.2648426789898875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003792115,0.0002281075,0.0005822874,0.00008057196,0.0001265143,0.0001219069,0.0001631423,0.00008908298,0.0003334018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002682735,0.00017401,0.00002459993,0.00008613872,0.0002534114,0.0002339345,0.00045755,0.00006148358,0.00001887696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003217044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006855618,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008683729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001533363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983606,0.0001796948,0.00042344,0.0003476092,0.0002776342,0.0004109683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991184,0.00009507511,0.0002003528,0.0002853565,0.0001078624,0.0001928922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001510727,0.00001657077,0.0001070664,0.000205554,0.0000126504,0.000009842664,0.0008425631,8.14786e-7,0.9979065,0.0005054444,0.000232574,0.000009314494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009816369,0.0001191185,0.0002894165,0.00007982272,0.00002472932,0.0000342209,0.0002310168,0.00001024762,0.9902459,0.00769279,0.0001130345,0.0001780602],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979223,0.0007695507,0.0000906378,0.0001327878,0.0003263798,0.0004399416,0.0001776503,0.000042687,0.00009805858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922214,0.00005185381,0.007084875,0.00002499371,0.0000539142,0.000008143372,0.00001363826,0.0000256561,0.0005155807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007660626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.709592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111854406","doi":"10.3390/ma3021228","title":"Review: Resin Composite Filling","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Dental materials and restorations","field":"Dentistry","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Shrinkage; Amalgam (chemistry); Materials science; Resin composite; Composite number; Composite material; Enamel paint; Polishing; Dentistry; Medicine; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0158097602039203,"gpt":0.2905491168364244,"spread":0.2747393566325042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003004062,0.0001004655,0.0002146811,0.00002543878,0.0001115319,0.0001825369,0.0001559761,0.00007121833,0.007869148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005782341,0.00008206463,0.00003606873,0.00005121742,0.00003552508,0.00009860723,0.00006336556,0.00005985719,0.00368555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007839776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009570472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009179336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004678917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992081,0.00006376675,0.0003145511,0.0001557014,0.0001096915,0.0001482209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994887,0.0000180154,0.0001037723,0.0002998384,0.00003904782,0.00005069604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008144762,0.00001901063,0.00008222603,0.0001962052,0.000005434623,0.00002016197,0.00000662647,1.689039e-7,0.9705558,0.0005621423,0.0284628,0.00008123479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001639445,0.000009830866,0.007244562,0.0003491403,0.00001883335,0.00009919044,0.000003294571,5.429594e-7,0.7849517,0.0002527896,0.206755,0.0001511766],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890803,0.0007372305,0.00001169446,0.000200335,0.007067866,0.0002033811,0.0001499286,0.00009789148,0.002451413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947477,0.0005386161,0.0008345529,0.0008890504,0.0007143058,0.0000331643,0.0001554216,0.00002724417,0.002059941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1856042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3090938765","doi":"10.3390/ma13194331","title":"Mixture Optimization of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Hybrid Machine Learning Model","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Demolition waste; Compressive strength; Boosting (machine learning); Aggregate (composite); Carbon footprint; Gradient boosting; Particle swarm optimization; Computer science; Robustness (evolution); Random forest; Machine learning; Environmental science; Materials science; Demolition; Engineering; Greenhouse gas; Composite material; Civil engineering; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01804530119336354,"gpt":0.2086156802450093,"spread":0.1905703790516458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001109204,0.0002113206,0.0004028972,0.00005384765,0.00004980183,0.00005119578,0.0001681583,0.00007884769,0.0002660789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005445586,0.0002142647,0.00004721526,0.0001341668,0.00003068883,0.0002320877,0.00005767123,0.0001091606,0.00001196908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003962397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001496054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001876234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.758153e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989361,0.00005602551,0.0004311574,0.00019192,0.0001471075,0.0002376971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995318,0.00001849375,0.0001522004,0.0001552964,0.00005192903,0.00009027169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002739418,2.68268e-7,0.00001386245,0.0001063476,0.00001724832,0.000003682678,0.0001137165,0.5327928,0.4667256,0.00000650376,0.00003554594,0.0001570622],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002200008,0.00001471111,0.000001028564,0.00005409855,0.0000162418,0.000006167695,0.000003777248,0.5629445,0.4364683,0.000008508632,0.0001359084,0.0001267668],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9200501,0.0004924272,0.07808387,0.0000676194,0.0002531345,0.0001652311,0.0001451467,0.000373562,0.0003689321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9842743,0.0004236081,0.01489537,0.00006280754,0.0001253052,0.000006546539,0.0001099237,0.00007826215,0.00002383212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06422427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8737459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}