{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":170,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":170,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"5618130de535","filters":{"venue":"Materials & Design"}},"results":[{"id":"W2793238928","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.018","title":"A critical review of powder-based additive manufacturing of ferrous alloys: Process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":653,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Rio Tinto (Canada); University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Selective laser melting; Subtractive color; Process (computing); Composite material; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06037762853171653,"gpt":0.2869482083519941,"spread":0.2265705798202776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000580858,0.0008176842,0.003181105,0.0001452727,0.00006088216,0.0001014533,0.0004168221,0.0004523752,0.0005796363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004240487,0.0006006127,0.0002014893,0.00009474398,0.000337143,0.0001405067,0.00009257902,0.0001909295,0.00001313386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004638109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001607392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000100991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.028501e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968947,0.0004417025,0.001374367,0.0005411248,0.0002992251,0.0004489521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984238,0.0004131281,0.0004537325,0.0004007187,0.0001982266,0.0001104444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008210222,0.00004043866,1.01405e-8,0.9544162,0.0003070348,0.00002089358,0.00006860137,0.00001235462,0.005076146,0.00002298886,0.0008315856,0.03912172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001335668,0.0002038217,4.265457e-7,0.1729233,0.0008745485,0.00006151469,0.000007507036,0.000002756088,0.789284,0.0003468608,0.03556155,0.0006001391],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007659367,0.9940851,0.001225011,0.000008500127,0.0005206539,0.001515918,0.00171081,0.0001483274,0.00001978123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00804943,0.9880126,0.00304493,0.00004777716,0.0001713363,0.0003197242,0.0001749011,0.0001736756,0.000005682838],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7842078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996445,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281562759","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110779","title":"Review of high-strength aluminium alloys for additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":301,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Rio Tinto (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Aluminium; Metallurgy; Mechanical strength; Alloy; Aluminium alloy; Cracking; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01278956311686672,"gpt":0.216555959488536,"spread":0.2037663963716692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005658579,0.0003034364,0.000579416,0.00006395221,0.0001581455,0.00004411197,0.0002655172,0.00006261215,0.008080295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004781371,0.0002934486,0.00007071011,0.00005888996,0.00003269174,0.0001189443,0.0001188194,0.00007736026,0.00002026354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006269891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002446197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003365527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.371923e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984189,0.0001865361,0.0005253914,0.0002980155,0.0002186019,0.0003525249],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992374,0.0002277025,0.0001811753,0.0002413488,0.00005100141,0.00006143273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002680942,0.00008916786,3.2252e-7,0.009351972,0.0001565322,0.000008273784,0.0001358483,0.0009528525,0.6684547,0.00007697453,0.3165413,0.003963956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003862763,0.0001507925,0.00001739077,0.0005493053,0.00006425451,0.000005197303,0.00002350897,0.000007367275,0.9062902,0.0004306574,0.091775,0.0003000927],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9228453,0.01294004,0.02297037,0.0003679114,0.005801831,0.004845959,0.0285234,0.001115409,0.0005897803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988574,0.004636091,0.002851258,0.0004847634,0.0002673038,0.001081214,0.001749339,0.0001361857,0.0002198619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2378354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999518,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2604849113","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.009","title":"Porous scaffold internal architecture design based on minimal surfaces: A compromise between permeability and elastic properties","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Cellular and Composite Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":280,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Porosity; Materials science; Stiffness; Permeability (electromagnetism); Scaffold; Composite material; Biomedical engineering; Membrane; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02767716949798697,"gpt":0.2138566609079514,"spread":0.1861794914099644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003559424,0.000311855,0.0003994615,0.00005939811,0.000252051,0.0005205237,0.0003639278,0.0001106009,0.0001037217],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005255641,0.0002457772,0.00004278808,0.00001791716,0.0001511403,0.00008230969,0.00006386877,0.0001133511,0.00001410815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003845942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002278673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006434743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003065963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987165,0.0002034126,0.000272163,0.0003144428,0.0001821077,0.0003113538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991814,0.0001204702,0.00007263709,0.0004984015,0.0000228277,0.0001042952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000556278,0.00002034553,0.0006551208,0.0002263251,0.00005403648,0.00002408159,0.0002880244,0.05949114,0.9370521,0.000005170802,0.00008529719,0.001542055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008167809,0.0003635347,0.02871686,0.0001980643,0.00007433772,0.00001773275,0.0000110491,0.02052782,0.9483789,0.0004129697,0.00005610678,0.0004258058],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9376516,0.0001062368,0.0610745,0.00003922868,0.0002995752,0.0005037117,0.00003996443,0.0001728007,0.0001124125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934171,0.000003483945,0.006283376,0.00001725528,0.0001654953,0.00002897749,0.000007533832,0.00004925522,0.00002755132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0557655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2886819223","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.004","title":"Defects-dictated tensile properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Argonne National Laboratory; Office of Science; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Selective laser melting; Microstructure; Composite material; Plasticity; Porosity; Anisotropy; Tensile testing; Titanium alloy; Optics; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02253744217291651,"gpt":0.1977151132493704,"spread":0.1751776710764539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002637564,0.0002621838,0.0004141758,0.00008545223,0.00008505001,0.00008014468,0.0001574385,0.0001113439,0.0009512046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008972346,0.0002104641,0.0000313597,0.0001374738,0.0001359283,0.0001472008,0.00003859575,0.00004842563,0.0002388737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003360749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003535675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005811926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004373347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988204,0.0001293549,0.0003497721,0.000220191,0.0001483047,0.000332002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993885,0.00004866645,0.00008734622,0.0001946793,0.0002265392,0.00005430298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001791952,0.0000196586,0.000005772625,0.00024184,0.00007543375,0.000004155457,0.0004391272,0.0005384014,0.9942709,0.00001550852,0.004095675,0.0001142844],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002698896,0.0001983024,0.0005645364,0.0001256019,0.00004108562,0.000008682673,0.00002882142,0.0001129112,0.9971983,0.0003644297,0.0008277776,0.0002596336],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937412,0.0001220675,0.003756667,0.000008662701,0.0006973251,0.0003715819,0.00009087449,0.0004741831,0.0007374052],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983274,0.00002664584,0.001007888,0.00003417643,0.0003146183,0.00006346127,0.00001882194,0.00007413608,0.0001328335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004586185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3215854337","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110270","title":"Steel-copper functionally graded material produced by twin-wire and arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Horizon 2020; European Institute of Innovation and Technology; UNIDEMI; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; European Commission","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Copper; Composite material; Alloy; Metallurgy; Functionally graded material; Ferrite (magnet); Thermal expansion; Scanning electron microscope; Material properties","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01405260215889491,"gpt":0.1953313650837559,"spread":0.181278762924861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002895043,0.0004872727,0.000543054,0.00007127839,0.0001912817,0.0005264907,0.0001569379,0.0001803516,0.004226426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005854455,0.0004694136,0.00004557994,0.0000671555,0.00007882519,0.0003261333,0.0001055638,0.0001091191,0.0001276445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006359819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005063724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001613798,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001930505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979323,0.0002030605,0.0004687595,0.0005924577,0.000265382,0.0005379966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992602,0.0001269238,0.00009415869,0.0002941885,0.00008474749,0.0001397919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455872,0.000030199,0.000002559677,0.0003165863,0.0001165093,0.00005937978,0.0001235931,0.0001723467,0.9781044,0.00006244582,0.0198473,0.0010191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004855142,0.00006318459,0.0008705336,0.00009184093,0.00005499673,0.00005869742,0.00004634006,0.000006176625,0.9794531,0.0009984087,0.01732568,0.0005455079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926015,0.0003070014,0.001254308,0.0001047074,0.003087499,0.0004357383,0.001321283,0.0005426358,0.0003453704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962428,0.000236677,0.001003789,0.0001519124,0.0008419905,0.0001730126,0.000568916,0.000133596,0.0006473645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004098781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3028049702","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108818","title":"On selective laser melting of Inconel 718: Densification, surface roughness, and residual stresses","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Mohawk College; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Inconel; Materials science; Selective laser melting; Residual stress; Surface roughness; Surface finish; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Laser; Surface integrity; Anisotropy; Metallurgy; Optics; Microstructure; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02332327430167176,"gpt":0.2108325137915172,"spread":0.1875092394898454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000173861,0.0001817996,0.000293487,0.00002326924,0.00005700097,0.00008005895,0.00009431765,0.00006945192,0.0001503478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001551591,0.000168779,0.00001121056,0.00007597608,0.00004179116,0.000115828,0.00003015067,0.00004776568,0.00002911414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001384024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002080484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002471719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001539569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991336,0.0001042616,0.0002729349,0.0002086964,0.0001136856,0.0001668629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994575,0.0002320685,0.00008601557,0.00009986274,0.00007145965,0.00005311938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001872329,0.00001450851,0.00003326589,0.0005373693,0.00005456137,0.000005730244,0.000796098,0.0252517,0.9693171,0.0002668236,0.003392233,0.0001433151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002031922,0.00008551009,0.001334697,0.00005631422,0.00002277257,0.000001568944,0.00006601419,0.0001105615,0.9967542,0.001058007,0.0001315829,0.0001755555],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942264,0.0001223218,0.004774528,0.00009734547,0.000142713,0.0001946671,0.0001459549,0.0001769853,0.0001191086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997566,0.00007229485,0.002076874,0.00006202597,0.0001320939,0.00001153673,0.00002794805,0.00004203193,0.000009177002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02743706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6882609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2620228626","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.093","title":"High thermal insulation and compressive strength polypropylene foams fabricated by high-pressure foam injection molding and mold opening of nano-fibrillar composites","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Polymer Foaming and Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Polypropylene; Molding (decorative); Rheology; Compressive strength; Mold; Foaming agent; Extrusion; Thermal insulation; Blowing agent; Polyurethane; Porosity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01209424317241615,"gpt":0.2253332393623024,"spread":0.2132389961898862,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004009965,0.0002727011,0.0005140569,0.00007839986,0.0006554252,0.0006783133,0.0003201464,0.0001360931,0.0001082486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004862416,0.0002443054,0.00002242673,0.00004794144,0.0002179227,0.0005663181,0.0002894762,0.00005260051,0.000006726994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001440596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001967695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002834578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001180437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982671,0.0003288164,0.0004270395,0.0004450047,0.0002267036,0.0003053571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986428,0.0001312636,0.0006366835,0.0004254752,0.00007489947,0.00008884876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000256986,0.00003585593,0.001269279,0.00006644472,0.00004229947,0.000001993784,0.000228215,0.0002681103,0.9966466,0.0002124054,0.00004643103,0.0009253708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000729873,0.0002414023,0.02799764,0.0001590052,0.00009702275,0.00001631217,0.00002291023,0.0006987111,0.9695703,0.0001855073,0.00001617228,0.0002651759],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960127,0.001365696,0.001550463,0.00006059715,0.0004054555,0.0003302066,0.0001728448,0.0000810792,0.0000209217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957671,0.00003953382,0.003932445,0.00001868965,0.00009596573,0.00002093108,0.00003727727,0.00003412271,0.00005400079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02707634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9962486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2186442450","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.052","title":"A novel technology to manufacture biodegradable polylactide bead foam products","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Bead; Composite material; Polymer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06090883043665202,"gpt":0.2571472732792358,"spread":0.1962384428425837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001306352,0.0004143103,0.0005900054,0.0002794507,0.0002179342,0.0003916064,0.0007375933,0.0002638875,0.0005921691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003505294,0.0003038037,0.0000366413,0.0004053714,0.0001456214,0.0003089922,0.0002354428,0.00009815405,0.002081896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009334936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002627289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009456894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001831105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973245,0.0001927076,0.0005005549,0.0007603946,0.0004109664,0.0008108635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984851,0.00004964597,0.0001712711,0.0008454414,0.0001798091,0.0002687539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003607129,0.00009828235,0.000008504253,0.00003586292,0.00001407454,0.000009066373,0.0002981388,0.00000909432,0.9819187,0.0002891189,0.01301728,0.003941154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003286765,0.000288971,0.00002348605,0.00005137367,0.00003206456,0.00007180635,0.0001696423,0.000003635324,0.9662396,0.000598593,0.03175334,0.0004387991],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287968,0.009839955,0.03065716,0.02091264,0.005635025,0.001474457,0.0003608377,0.001424792,0.000898356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9052402,0.00001203778,0.09016655,0.0008690468,0.000410835,0.0002819475,0.00001058286,0.00008622987,0.002922579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05950939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2405750285","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.103","title":"Physical and mechanical properties of PLA composites reinforced by TiO 2 grafted flax fibers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Thetford; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Thermogravimetric analysis; Ultimate tensile strength; Composite number; Fiber; Differential scanning calorimetry; Adhesion; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0158093521062184,"gpt":0.2163415695466618,"spread":0.2005322174404434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000340246,0.0002861322,0.0005330213,0.00006633726,0.0001037249,0.0001341499,0.0003509722,0.0001212686,0.0002665558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008741338,0.0001721188,0.0000522496,0.00009394367,0.0002516396,0.0003868019,0.0001822315,0.00004883002,0.000151828],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004250925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002812131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005796394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.361921e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981565,0.000243485,0.0004840708,0.0003799051,0.0003436187,0.0003923606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990155,0.000219336,0.0002156893,0.0003331598,0.00009429728,0.0001220854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005314019,0.00001390418,0.000001404771,0.00005684742,0.00002027599,0.000002600848,0.0001391971,0.00001410097,0.996536,0.001533215,0.0010522,0.00009886071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006670837,0.0003014173,0.00001125363,0.0001827411,0.0000365761,0.00001680044,0.000008016384,0.00008379748,0.9977674,0.0005313475,0.0001140131,0.0002795783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962478,0.0001099768,0.002467931,0.0001963333,0.0002273968,0.0004816544,0.00007070197,0.0001622648,0.00003596757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99615,0.00001562917,0.002996147,0.00006776756,0.00007862502,0.0000430884,0.000007518523,0.00003263128,0.0006085826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001231384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7018802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2430203850","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.068","title":"Evolution of the microstructure of a 15-5PH martensitic stainless steel during precipitation hardening heat treatment","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Austenite; Precipitation hardening; Precipitation; Martensite; Metallurgy; Atom probe; Quenching (fluorescence); Electron backscatter diffraction; Hardening (computing); Transmission electron microscopy; Heat treating; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009734446426968075,"gpt":0.1812865343381602,"spread":0.1715520879111921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001171091,0.0001666915,0.0002858792,0.00004254471,0.00005171269,0.00001723598,0.0001267744,0.00009467683,0.000109138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002590599,0.00008969683,0.00006061679,0.00005636324,0.00004861108,0.00009346299,0.00003119626,0.00002655721,0.000005224912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001780184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002619416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003050815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000411093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990764,0.00009927023,0.000353738,0.0001440515,0.0001199439,0.0002066564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995244,0.00004139955,0.00006997581,0.0002632152,0.0000700497,0.00003102336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000123527,0.00000704262,0.00002176644,0.0001613414,0.0000415896,9.033686e-7,0.000385517,0.001241877,0.9975629,0.00007944026,0.00004741054,0.0003266461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006172086,0.00009194906,0.005596622,0.0002320055,0.00004753675,0.000011388,0.0000594657,0.00004508206,0.9926665,0.0004652942,0.00005532345,0.0001115961],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933137,0.0002993377,0.005206604,0.0000323208,0.0005474145,0.0004481215,0.00008133075,0.00005049105,0.00002062939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987123,0.00002882975,0.0009996508,0.000005226068,0.00007044698,0.00001841283,0.000001984877,0.00002935776,0.0001337962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005574855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3657731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389687853","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112558","title":"3D printing in upcycling plastic and biomass waste to sustainable polymer blends and composites: A review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Biomass (ecology); Ductility (Earth science); Waste management; Municipal solid waste; 3D printing; Composite material; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04276232471600959,"gpt":0.2821277538551202,"spread":0.2393654291391106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008720928,0.0005215204,0.001664231,0.0005320981,0.00008315119,0.0001886857,0.0002529997,0.0002408179,0.00001981354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003773948,0.0004622301,0.00005439518,0.000386138,0.00004774953,0.0000701169,0.0004832611,0.0002244741,0.00004782562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008442243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003313919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003399722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001250382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979163,0.0001721096,0.0007338636,0.0004782387,0.0001102629,0.0005892495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988159,0.0006465262,0.000140954,0.0003065298,0.00001921882,0.00007086257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009037139,0.0000131459,0.000002291221,0.5183311,0.0002717887,0.0003194093,0.0001419097,0.00009431613,0.001400381,0.0003045971,0.0007371619,0.4783749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004547212,0.0001820403,0.00001896777,0.4839431,0.001280227,0.0001794964,0.0002623349,0.0001536343,0.07122869,0.0004145658,0.438857,0.003025134],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001279724,0.9943936,0.001925655,0.00001877325,0.0002435832,0.001134733,0.00002818437,0.0009375431,0.00003821958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006240445,0.9967868,0.001855878,0.000009956279,0.00007688363,0.0003414105,0.00001884366,0.0001428852,0.0001433333],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4753497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997829,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2612250285","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.011","title":"Dissimilar laser welding of superelastic NiTi and CuAlMn shape memory alloys","year":2017,"lang":"es","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research; McMaster University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Shape-memory alloy; Pseudoelasticity; Nickel titanium; Welding; Microstructure; Laser beam welding; Fusion welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Martensite","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04466823929561293,"gpt":0.2828275367602611,"spread":0.2381592974646482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002156726,0.0005369339,0.0009323981,0.0001763616,0.001113813,0.001683591,0.001056141,0.0002998835,0.009640796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008171225,0.0005073468,0.00008591777,0.0000787612,0.0008171902,0.001475313,0.0003214984,0.000136629,0.0004560602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004778964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001807051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009371939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006397775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964532,0.0006031584,0.001059456,0.0006446071,0.0005212733,0.0007183279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973227,0.0004382515,0.0006502221,0.001143042,0.0001965861,0.0002492069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002795058,0.0001230442,0.0002201292,0.0007016278,0.00006732994,0.00004961863,0.001099207,0.0001950207,0.9956536,0.0005360523,0.0004320169,0.0006428841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001094824,0.000232473,0.01078685,0.0005861858,0.0003084766,0.00004403249,0.0002249395,0.0002263738,0.984551,0.0007819756,0.0006034677,0.0005594717],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926401,0.0002279105,0.001434395,0.0006619541,0.002122018,0.0009026933,0.0006027488,0.000103623,0.001304589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945527,0.0006253497,0.004020616,0.0001128066,0.0003268703,0.00006936504,0.00002148445,0.00008756548,0.0001832697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01110263,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2239292259","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.038","title":"The Use of genetic algorithm and neural network to predict rate-dependent tensile flow behaviour of AA5182-O sheets","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","field":"Engineering","cited_by":116,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Windsor","funders":"Ford Motor Company","keywords":"Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Artificial neural network; Strain rate; Anisotropy; Rheology; Volumetric flow rate; Uniaxial tension; Backpropagation; Algorithm; Mechanics; Composite material; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02606915885374233,"gpt":0.2038246033126091,"spread":0.1777554444588667,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00045567,0.0001571502,0.0002843559,0.00003243809,0.0000567987,0.00005615361,0.0001287116,0.00007032099,0.0001487078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004639303,0.00009465618,0.00002595993,0.00004847003,0.00004383594,0.0001064751,0.00006674387,0.00002276713,0.00001017761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001171236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000123893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003324574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003165513,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988989,0.0001399969,0.0004218917,0.0001420275,0.000119781,0.000277445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994137,0.0001501358,0.00006802667,0.0002492823,0.00004578257,0.00007306493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103389,0.000008427845,0.00007910495,0.00003887586,0.0000424881,0.000009693329,0.00006403156,0.03332261,0.9475651,0.00003213556,0.0009477457,0.01778643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004285332,0.0002014918,0.006997226,0.0001324182,0.00007764031,0.00002262389,0.0000065663,0.00589191,0.9849643,0.0002114691,0.0008360191,0.0002297621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9082069,0.0001269221,0.08932523,0.0000246195,0.00171838,0.0004380858,0.00007823297,0.00007553108,0.000006115942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9666561,0.0001465621,0.03277687,0.00001966467,0.0001943449,0.00004251665,0.000002820579,0.00004447796,0.0001166583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05844919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3859967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2895957531","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.025","title":"On thermal expansion behavior of invar alloy fabricated by modulated laser powder bed fusion","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Agencia de Desarrollo Económico","keywords":"Materials science; Invar; Thermal expansion; Laser; Texture (cosmology); Laser power scaling; Alloy; Diffraction; Composite material; Phase (matter); Fusion; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01538069499352108,"gpt":0.2148804756591419,"spread":0.1994997806656208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002251489,0.0002687207,0.0003381817,0.00007308132,0.00007399546,0.00006240319,0.0001824238,0.000157577,0.003559534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002584758,0.0002255493,0.00002964887,0.00008804481,0.00006963358,0.0001159437,0.00004285178,0.00004850502,0.0002169932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002542387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001200708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000570291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.165535e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987896,0.0001252689,0.0003697426,0.0002431609,0.0001863599,0.0002858453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999447,0.00005938995,0.00009566676,0.0002529944,0.00008284201,0.00006205559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001903235,0.00006372532,0.000005206013,0.0000600079,0.00002257926,0.000005431348,0.0001303972,0.0005886393,0.9940917,0.000008022813,0.004317286,0.0005166895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003818932,0.0002683066,0.001262046,0.00006951072,0.00003291143,0.000002008309,0.000006748452,0.00009332247,0.9972017,0.0001295528,0.0002942352,0.0002578074],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968942,0.00002506933,0.001490482,0.00001169665,0.0005976621,0.0003720384,0.0001805665,0.0003010653,0.0001271952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989819,0.0000191718,0.0004554926,0.00005616406,0.0001318788,0.00005879988,0.0001342992,0.00007865761,0.00008363263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004023051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W923591875","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.181","title":"Influence of thermal treatment on microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of Zn–3Mg alloy as potential biodegradable implant material","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Eutectic system; Microstructure; Corrosion; Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Elongation; Quenching (fluorescence); Casting; Phase (matter); Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03398607977123596,"gpt":0.2320015873141998,"spread":0.1980155075429638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004484264,0.0002545917,0.0004380413,0.00006114505,0.00009499733,0.0001171479,0.0002433461,0.0001186518,0.0002043892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003832847,0.0001669749,0.00003459114,0.00006444713,0.0001750326,0.0001752084,0.00009180254,0.0000266469,0.00003738336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004417692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001445087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001841252,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006236281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982798,0.0002382692,0.0005611148,0.0003563585,0.0002834165,0.0002810193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990945,0.0000197854,0.0002908328,0.0003417225,0.0001447645,0.000108344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00145358,0.0001105156,0.000003780667,0.00006598287,0.00001423651,0.000003473685,0.0001784387,0.000733707,0.9962475,0.0009084845,0.0000718768,0.0002084729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006960283,0.001096731,0.0002429807,0.00004661459,0.00006181761,0.00004379258,0.00006744276,0.00003459621,0.9968569,0.0005356827,0.0001321222,0.0001853125],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984544,0.00007948248,0.00009926248,0.0001143153,0.0002735282,0.0007055485,0.0002047682,0.00004759557,0.00002113106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965405,0.00003106644,0.003041289,0.00004726689,0.00008011321,0.0001080174,0.00002450616,0.00002494644,0.0001022263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002942026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.680904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2741927937","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.052","title":"Preparation and characterization of thermally crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/feather keratin nanofiber scaffolds","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers","field":"Engineering","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofiber; Keratin; Vinyl alcohol; Electrospinning; Materials science; Aqueous solution; Chemical engineering; Polymer chemistry; Fibroin; Citric acid; Polymer; Nuclear chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Chemistry; SILK","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02587124930155898,"gpt":0.262130869804078,"spread":0.236259620502519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003245583,0.000159553,0.000224547,0.00004281969,0.0001686257,0.0002534994,0.0001540349,0.0001166973,0.000110052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001658616,0.0001523419,0.0000235081,0.00001822325,0.00007500767,0.0003510425,0.00003359312,0.00002035163,0.00002319489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001694519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001623606,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002498732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001532491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992325,0.00006104656,0.000259612,0.0001664971,0.0001048956,0.0001754012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993854,0.00001779673,0.0001368578,0.0003833826,0.00003637493,0.00004022449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005503861,0.00001032663,0.00007464142,0.00005694374,0.00002790733,0.000001190429,0.0006367709,0.0001188836,0.996854,0.0001178843,0.00007516668,0.001971213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003843542,0.00005260204,0.01901491,0.00007484491,0.00002404945,0.000004080406,0.000004047809,0.001353082,0.9784741,0.0001187408,0.0003146487,0.0001804903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866972,0.00002986775,0.01180748,0.00002685714,0.0005067132,0.0002711992,0.00002707207,0.00016078,0.0004728081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969297,0.0000316498,0.002194639,0.00001535745,0.0001208494,0.00003333718,0.00002949103,0.00004575213,0.0005991989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01894027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6212323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971822047","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108185","title":"Selective laser melting of hybrid ex-situ/in-situ reinforced titanium matrix composites: Laser/powder interaction, reinforcement formation mechanism, and non-equilibrium microstructural evolutions","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Selective laser melting; Composite number; Composite material; Dissolution; Titanium; Particle (ecology); Microstructure; Metallurgy; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007940036108141075,"gpt":0.2148181229989458,"spread":0.2068780868908047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000270441,0.0002849925,0.0004344411,0.0001705774,0.00005952664,0.0001429259,0.0001251086,0.00007655865,0.0003081853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001963637,0.0002778988,0.00003773778,0.0001018961,0.00002719212,0.0007631414,0.00007223649,0.00008983961,0.00007431672],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001371108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002323095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005604618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006740075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986167,0.00006801034,0.0006098231,0.0002223143,0.0001516642,0.0003314714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993594,0.00009378031,0.0002028102,0.0001834612,0.000108347,0.00005222603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001695323,0.000004607462,0.000007535711,0.0005533725,0.0000394029,0.000002700976,0.0003811709,0.04142199,0.9570037,0.0001024635,0.0003011194,0.00001242977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006372313,0.0001201589,0.0004170566,0.0002106551,0.00002916638,0.00003944997,0.0001630109,0.004490774,0.9931669,0.000384792,0.00004712599,0.0002937173],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9745764,0.00002637419,0.02323785,0.00001235075,0.0007296054,0.0007074124,0.00006990007,0.0001224177,0.0005177484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972069,0.00002671744,0.00229838,0.00002087022,0.00008194955,0.00003575831,0.0001413963,0.00004433263,0.0001437549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03693122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2809628202","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.06.038","title":"Sinter structure analysis of titanium structures fabricated via binder jetting additive manufacturing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Sintering; Relative density; Shrinkage; Composite material; Anisotropy; Titanium; Particle-size distribution; Particle size; Metallurgy; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01458549889012755,"gpt":0.2226474595978425,"spread":0.2080619607077149,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001763953,0.0003308414,0.0005568156,0.0005133837,0.0001037056,0.00008059844,0.000359017,0.0002209442,0.002179571],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006363799,0.0002882503,0.00009910847,0.0003325366,0.0001880711,0.0001095127,0.0001246491,0.0001519597,0.00003227135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006225872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000860589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003794488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007275004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985458,0.00009232398,0.0004345399,0.0003377059,0.0001878662,0.0004017334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991428,0.0001342325,0.0001632706,0.0004301483,0.00008549878,0.00004408061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005296012,0.00001000906,0.00003942611,0.00006412157,0.001511334,0.000009930284,0.0003529345,0.00427407,0.9790752,0.0001453683,0.001596715,0.01286795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00012278,0.00005278478,0.009475891,0.00002751961,0.000348187,0.000004363458,0.00007130056,0.0009166806,0.9857689,0.002584209,0.0003216763,0.0003057377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.823154,0.0000207451,0.1747304,0.00001335729,0.0004771092,0.0001834903,0.0002870487,0.0008624791,0.0002713655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857101,0.000005568118,0.01392423,0.00002325522,0.000169946,0.00001014757,0.00007688547,0.00005542891,0.00002439294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1625561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1437352647","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.023","title":"Hot deformation and processing map of an as-extruded Mg–Zn–Mn–Y alloy containing I and W phases","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence; Division of Administrative Services; Changjiang Scholar Program of Chinese Ministry of Education; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Chongqing Science and Technology Commission; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; California Office of Traffic Safety","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Deformation (meteorology); Metallurgy; Extrusion; Manganese; Crystallography; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0546906708093911,"gpt":0.276371645434457,"spread":0.2216809746250659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009993698,0.0001497857,0.0002607542,0.00004849314,0.0001578705,0.0003215694,0.000138513,0.00006473606,0.0002332406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006127444,0.0001210616,0.000009182814,0.00004915922,0.0001369805,0.0006133432,0.00006981974,0.00002443526,0.00002486816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001644527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008668501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002068216,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005712394,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988348,0.0001555524,0.0003737627,0.0002475683,0.0001786366,0.0002096479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993036,0.00003389266,0.0002224814,0.0001779785,0.0001313243,0.0001307116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000282587,0.00003754513,0.000009417423,0.0001064548,0.000002307996,0.000001343765,0.001019874,0.00001688612,0.9958865,0.0006051334,0.0001204565,0.001911495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006728549,0.000443916,0.0001331168,0.00004796563,0.00003305677,0.00003133985,0.0009072321,0.0004229406,0.9945087,0.00174565,0.0008673221,0.0001859285],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99603,0.00026619,0.002808244,0.0001472007,0.0001031503,0.0004072234,0.00002825952,0.00007688469,0.0001327883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9837825,0.000008541181,0.01582011,0.00009988074,0.00007448024,0.00008215608,0.00002218496,0.00001756692,0.00009257287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01301187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.493675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2797756526","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.03.066","title":"Laser welding of Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloys: Microstructure and mechanical properties","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Shape Memory Alloy Transformations","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions; National Natural Science Foundation of China; UNIDEMI; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras","keywords":"Materials science; Shape-memory alloy; Microstructure; Welding; Nickel titanium; Laser beam welding; Metallurgy; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Deformation (meteorology); Laser; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04100673523347537,"gpt":0.2514264976414714,"spread":0.210419762407996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001058723,0.0002469121,0.0004033183,0.00008714597,0.0002205715,0.0001901824,0.0003337009,0.0001403661,0.004605419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000106186,0.000195452,0.00003776556,0.0001071142,0.0003669929,0.0004366536,0.0001104426,0.00006385674,0.0001552654],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002523879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007025952,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004168884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009126103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998117,0.0003156218,0.0005490549,0.0003649299,0.00028062,0.0003727763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991887,0.00007778246,0.0001631403,0.0003309001,0.0001448729,0.00009466315],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001714429,0.0000245304,0.000003094658,0.00007856592,0.00001303648,0.00000355001,0.0009430533,0.00001530154,0.9974408,0.0001158268,0.001030665,0.0001601278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004433901,0.0001876145,0.0001263349,0.00008894259,0.0000417906,0.00004579609,0.000187056,0.0001431377,0.9975953,0.0003809516,0.0005253189,0.0002343394],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958673,0.00006520249,0.001922632,0.0003981401,0.000876183,0.0005181297,0.00007813959,0.0001322234,0.0001421214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985891,0.00001796229,0.01302769,0.0007048171,0.0001817322,0.00004233503,0.000006453138,0.00003807603,0.00008997047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01110506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963045,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048944040","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109051","title":"Lightweight and tough PP/talc composite foam with bimodal nanoporous structure achieved by microcellular injection molding","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Polymer Foaming and Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care; University of Toronto","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Polypropylene; Toughness; Nanoporous; Talc; Composite number; Molding (decorative); Ultimate tensile strength; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008452220952647105,"gpt":0.1807448929259553,"spread":0.1722926719733082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001828551,0.0003518711,0.0004376049,0.00003995854,0.000316339,0.0005052853,0.0002735488,0.0001372533,0.0002769592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001046265,0.0002814798,0.00002655778,0.0001585634,0.0001065732,0.000280852,0.000108438,0.00009041902,0.00004681295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003485046,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003934165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000154919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001687559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981292,0.0002580077,0.0003422651,0.0005932015,0.0002537535,0.0004236098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993144,0.000053519,0.0001922065,0.0002189839,0.00004139141,0.0001794452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004623861,0.0000276043,0.0001032433,0.00005941295,0.00002474534,0.00002281252,0.0006227636,0.00005556578,0.9974146,0.00005512574,0.0009505512,0.0002011744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005834264,0.000524072,0.0001232448,0.00005334568,0.00006524903,0.0001087184,0.00004051261,0.0000949696,0.9973081,0.0001694051,0.0005487069,0.0003802858],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907767,0.001371393,0.006442755,0.000332204,0.0003291335,0.0003109133,0.0001500313,0.0002616582,0.00002524089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919696,0.00002069464,0.007202305,0.000414801,0.0002166263,0.00001717786,0.00005327394,0.000053644,0.00005189397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001350698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888854697","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.045","title":"Dynamic loading of direct metal laser sintered AlSi10Mg alloy: Strengthening behavior in different building directions","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Saskatchewan; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Equiaxed crystals; Microstructure; Alloy; Direct metal laser sintering; Hardening (computing); Composite material; Dislocation; Split-Hopkinson pressure bar; Metallurgy; Strain rate","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01764193456659945,"gpt":0.2441365691760635,"spread":0.226494634609464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002893551,0.0003009989,0.0005240722,0.0002013333,0.00007469468,0.00009884412,0.000180221,0.00009502067,0.0009666134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006139058,0.0002651789,0.00005648893,0.0001116515,0.00007176885,0.000161209,0.00005924038,0.00006590925,0.00002318558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008148881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001015889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008281156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003892895,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985995,0.0001352909,0.0005095427,0.0002646245,0.0001339479,0.0003571472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994527,0.0001504336,0.0001044828,0.0001965135,0.00004220976,0.00005369501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005606708,0.00004729756,0.00004929295,0.0001047801,0.00005403141,0.000009265921,0.0002144775,0.0007568609,0.9977122,0.00001385804,0.00005415826,0.0009276856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002410107,0.000106905,0.003917048,0.0001753106,0.00006750294,0.000006161075,0.00002983863,0.0004441452,0.9943458,0.0001394369,0.0002518906,0.0002748795],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937055,0.00009076086,0.004059989,0.000006279131,0.001235533,0.0002747493,0.0001277593,0.0002880109,0.0002114635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966726,0.00004859917,0.002850337,0.000004914176,0.0001652823,0.0001058496,0.00002016113,0.00007717266,0.00005512983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003867755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1432079811","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.012","title":"Springback simulation of advanced high strength steels considering nonlinear elastic unloading–reloading behavior","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"General Motors (Canada); University of Windsor","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Colorado School of Mines","keywords":"Materials science; Nonlinear system; Structural engineering; Isotropy; Plasticity; Hardening (computing); Composite material; Finite element method; Strain hardening exponent; Constitutive equation; High strength steel; Bauschinger effect; Engineering; Layer (electronics); Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04398656825616912,"gpt":0.275511689911328,"spread":0.2315251216551588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005000419,0.0002424353,0.000413616,0.0001763877,0.00003718998,0.00005886375,0.0001453911,0.000123941,0.0001379798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000248216,0.0002591097,0.00003814104,0.000154018,0.00003387988,0.0003246614,0.00004166604,0.00007704035,0.00005256708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001096891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003109474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000144049,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.113979e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985461,0.00007881535,0.0006426117,0.0002052742,0.0002549955,0.0002722017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991087,0.0002134591,0.0001561041,0.0002875081,0.0001283111,0.000105926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002930654,0.00001795855,0.00003886067,0.00007485289,0.0000145753,0.000004486497,0.0001260409,0.5874422,0.4109696,0.0002504121,0.00001374115,0.001017929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005076411,0.00009936094,0.0002219346,0.000104576,0.0000558082,0.000003115863,0.00002750598,0.04513583,0.9526142,0.0007488613,0.0002100028,0.0002711139],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8975602,0.0000487291,0.1004205,0.000001826094,0.0006803087,0.0004954881,0.00002635072,0.0006803358,0.00008626995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9099575,0.000004824007,0.08979259,0.000004369007,0.00008083473,0.00004007335,0.00001927894,0.00007021009,0.00003031573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5423064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2343848611","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.086","title":"Fibre laser joining of highly dissimilar materials: Commercially pure Ti and PET hybrid joint for medical device applications","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast","keywords":"Materials science; Polyethylene terephthalate; Composite material; Shearing (physics); Laser; Titanium; Titanium alloy; Joint (building); Optics; Metallurgy; Alloy; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0254216181902041,"gpt":0.25189829369825,"spread":0.2264766755080458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009709539,0.0002787114,0.0005484701,0.00008541773,0.00009371452,0.0001386235,0.0002927006,0.0001267845,0.0004257916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001405523,0.0002080027,0.00003369743,0.00005956113,0.0001080351,0.0002234324,0.000107346,0.00003969377,0.00001816939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004040847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006402456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000110041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001871445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983459,0.0001229613,0.0006824126,0.0002880713,0.0002261968,0.0003344445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991083,0.0001802739,0.0001512015,0.0003380515,0.00009309647,0.0001290601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007691498,0.00002096506,0.000003318068,0.00070769,0.00003248757,0.0000067333,0.00003846773,0.00000526896,0.9903296,0.0004232259,0.006409196,0.001946121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004642188,0.00007669998,0.00007263067,0.0004599078,0.00004858619,0.00003223196,0.00000591225,0.0000359137,0.9892667,0.004900774,0.004359296,0.0002771333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.642064,0.0001135026,0.3523135,0.00114645,0.0005465552,0.00144084,0.001180445,0.001113384,0.00008134208],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9690025,0.0001023376,0.02965152,0.000129898,0.0003142711,0.0006030292,0.00005897025,0.0001070359,0.0000304811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3269385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8482104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1410609333","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.008","title":"Tensile strength of open-hole, pin-loaded and multi-bolted single-lap joints in woven composite plates","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Mechanical Behavior of Composites","field":"Engineering","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Bolted joint; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Delamination (geology); Tension (geology); Stiffness; Epoxy; Joint (building); Composite number; Composite laminates; Lap joint; Structural engineering; Isotropy; Finite element method","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09057878112029584,"gpt":0.2755519007441602,"spread":0.1849731196238644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004358985,0.0002344729,0.0005659076,0.0001209812,0.00002145132,0.0001697405,0.0003326413,0.0001277748,0.00008959653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006532266,0.0002292689,0.00001991823,0.000135184,0.000041425,0.0002225563,0.0001814252,0.00008635241,0.00004659806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005104439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001705611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009703112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005845794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986218,0.000161996,0.0005301574,0.0002389802,0.0001647653,0.000282321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993119,0.0001163983,0.00008668673,0.0002740123,0.00006226193,0.0001487581],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001233376,0.0001242547,0.0001271958,0.00006129045,0.000021244,0.00003211033,0.0001643297,0.00102603,0.9976456,0.00004373852,0.0003516354,0.0002792462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00169075,0.0001233565,0.001414057,0.000190397,0.00002837491,0.0000122293,0.00002647473,0.002643906,0.9933934,0.0001852926,0.00003826454,0.0002535439],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960365,0.0002515353,0.002579257,0.00002091511,0.0002940085,0.0005469774,0.00004435555,0.0001401058,0.00008638314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.964485,0.00001188525,0.03533441,0.00001938569,0.00002366532,0.00002890853,0.00002441079,0.00005078383,0.0000215511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03275516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9349316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2901871045","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.041","title":"A lotus effect-inspired flexible and breathable membrane with hierarchical electrospinning micro/nanofibers and ZnO nanowires","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Scholarship Council; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Electrospinning; Microfiber; Lotus effect; Contact angle; Nanowire; Nanofiber; Oleic acid; Membrane; Coating; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Hydrothermal circulation; Composite material; Polymer; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0123286511300705,"gpt":0.22804342251574,"spread":0.2157147713856695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001020729,0.0003043616,0.0004714735,0.00009051924,0.0004114138,0.0004601979,0.0001804779,0.0001263899,0.0005792654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003789425,0.0002296404,0.00002027793,0.0001600639,0.0005560998,0.000236495,0.00008127582,0.00006054827,0.0001407232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003881367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007814269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003188482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008615348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978383,0.0004511892,0.000302659,0.0006284723,0.0002367039,0.0005427072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991648,0.000162961,0.0000944702,0.0003316015,0.00006966241,0.000176496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009427854,0.00002871752,0.0002253893,0.00006375023,0.00001378066,0.00001182303,0.0005091016,0.000005030393,0.9977087,0.000149346,0.0001731965,0.0001683323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001057819,0.0009999789,0.001559309,0.00007089607,0.00003591414,0.0001032293,0.00001810373,0.00006809349,0.9952008,0.0002142776,0.0003644699,0.000307098],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955772,0.0001743276,0.002795171,0.0001767214,0.0002165009,0.000562834,0.00001859246,0.0002384681,0.0002402021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850173,0.00003002689,0.01412948,0.0002410321,0.0001062338,0.000063535,0.000007289364,0.00004452237,0.0003606001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0113343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9364465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2282192197","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.089","title":"Numerical simulations of soil physicochemistry and aeration influences on the external corrosion and cathodic protection design of buried pipeline steels","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Qatar National Research Fund; European Commission","keywords":"Cathodic protection; Corrosion; Materials science; Pipeline transport; Porosity; Coating; Thermal diffusivity; Aeration; Anode; Metallurgy; Environmental science; Composite material; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04332381456237495,"gpt":0.264134849816656,"spread":0.2208110352542811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000615376,0.0001278371,0.000203541,0.00003741793,0.0001289808,0.00005818449,0.000072132,0.00006924543,0.0002348411],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001554545,0.00007425525,0.00001705898,0.00006637219,0.0001606907,0.0001856365,0.00002821782,0.00002927018,0.000005455843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000179085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003218851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004545913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.487109e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987065,0.0003541791,0.0003752678,0.0002234645,0.0002237528,0.0001168949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991213,0.0002773277,0.0002836146,0.000172656,0.0001102116,0.00003487422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003178442,0.00005758856,0.00003284916,0.00002646154,2.777864e-7,2.87155e-7,0.0001473215,0.00100991,0.997799,0.00005168601,0.00002666885,0.0005300938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003458687,0.0002602079,0.0005953402,0.0002310812,0.00002086345,0.000003758781,0.00002388676,0.0007007472,0.9969348,0.0007896211,0.000001414693,0.00009243254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6705725,0.00001224573,0.3288553,0.00008948772,0.00007883227,0.0003436665,0.00003008177,0.00001604121,0.000001894414],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988626,0.00001330946,0.0009416345,0.00002094776,0.00006759284,0.00005647999,0.000002478324,0.000009872297,0.00002514604],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3282901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3028041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2763979987","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.10.017","title":"Damage response of composites coated with conducting materials subjected to emulated lightning strikes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Composite material; Coating; Electrical conductor; Lightning strike; Epoxy; Composite number; Tin; Lightning (connector); Lightning arrester; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03374535383460562,"gpt":0.2625474590339198,"spread":0.2288021051993142,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008855032,0.0002888794,0.0005863946,0.0001089026,0.0004748461,0.0005184024,0.0004413094,0.00005531184,0.0007268591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006340269,0.0002351879,0.00002729965,0.0001040979,0.00009579747,0.0002037746,0.000109862,0.00006327707,0.00004300254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000211062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008628872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005761456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.199566e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980336,0.0004999173,0.0004766086,0.0003516806,0.0001831221,0.0004550364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983852,0.0001925293,0.0005063101,0.0006426494,0.0001583481,0.0001149938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00250552,0.00006396491,0.00107976,0.00001949668,0.0001085033,0.000007550097,0.0008730852,0.00004713922,0.9947487,0.0003440826,0.0001579437,0.00004422439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001007404,0.0006846233,0.008937148,0.0001685389,0.00006695435,0.000002482821,0.0001462927,0.00000775725,0.9884373,0.0002008342,0.00003655869,0.0003040834],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972317,0.000006724617,0.001346807,0.0001081433,0.0002114227,0.0004926827,0.0001159106,0.00008403436,0.0004025761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950197,3.17665e-7,0.004347155,0.00001853664,0.0001634699,0.00003849409,0.00005774686,0.00005077698,0.0003037698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007857389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9590684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007481449","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108589","title":"Improving lignocellulose thermal stability by chemical modification with boric acid for incorporating into polyamide","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"FPInnovations; Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Boric acid; Thermal stability; Materials science; Polyamide; Composite material; Cellulose; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04582892938699473,"gpt":0.2718670400249057,"spread":0.226038110637911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001094261,0.0003036659,0.0004474997,0.00002853944,0.0002817844,0.0002157726,0.0003961703,0.00009580168,0.0001213928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006521888,0.0002404473,0.00003849167,0.0001822441,0.000240355,0.0004241898,0.0001875303,0.00009520017,0.00005370367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001575984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001490711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007881147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001168993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975258,0.0002830919,0.0005117005,0.0007197845,0.0004059839,0.0005536896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986691,0.0002674581,0.0003279746,0.0003375427,0.0001996413,0.000198264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008588168,0.00005558611,0.00001622229,0.000264073,0.00001165251,0.000003501289,0.0006157432,0.00005262683,0.9968874,0.0000981273,0.0001425609,0.000993698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005613222,0.0003597286,0.000009408695,0.0000188371,0.00002335422,0.000001133894,0.000200109,0.0007106558,0.997052,0.000737974,0.00003417942,0.0002913009],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6932115,0.0001879127,0.304744,0.0004456779,0.0000722011,0.001064779,0.00008428445,0.000174019,0.0000155813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9138098,0.000005723528,0.08525488,0.0001016444,0.0002394572,0.0004792512,0.00004821413,0.0000529033,0.000008164626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2205983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9805157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2765206039","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.10.062","title":"On the evolution of substrate's residual stress during cold spray process: A parametric study","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Residual stress; Gas dynamic cold spray; Composite material; Nozzle; Coating; Spray nozzle; Thermocouple; Thermal spraying; Recrystallization (geology); Aluminium; Metallurgy; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02320900883106523,"gpt":0.2541775296189076,"spread":0.2309685207878424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000680625,0.0002115477,0.0002798468,0.0001226121,0.0003136609,0.0003078271,0.0004945907,0.0001027979,0.00006218434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003875257,0.0001584944,0.00002387007,0.0001453893,0.00005648999,0.0001483184,0.00003363828,0.0001302598,0.00002867778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001037235,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004099149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001024591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002417102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986622,0.0001909023,0.0003513512,0.0002205999,0.0003136744,0.0002612263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988471,0.0001381303,0.0001711281,0.0007120978,0.0000914725,0.00004008759],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005961084,0.0001176841,0.003612311,0.00009358497,0.00003183652,0.00001929293,0.000555723,0.007895145,0.9872957,0.0002113595,0.0001060961,0.000001684966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003504025,0.0001444504,0.1117335,0.0001088126,0.00004091985,0.000001224547,0.0002732261,0.000007142021,0.887136,0.00004900276,7.002558e-7,0.0001546008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981909,0.00002187247,0.00007618414,0.00001157869,0.0005470454,0.0009238578,0.00003517904,0.0001598174,0.00003352033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995228,0.000002015607,0.0001014926,0.000001253207,0.0001215341,0.0001598168,0.000001880262,0.00004858127,0.00004063039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1081212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6463215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3033898758","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108842","title":"Geometric tolerance and manufacturing assemblability estimation of metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing; Tolerance analysis; Process (computing); Benchmark (surveying); Finite element method; Materials science; Engineering drawing; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02229453205352001,"gpt":0.220256125927029,"spread":0.197961593873509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002953252,0.0003589127,0.0005952468,0.0001194117,0.00008673419,0.0001461264,0.0001908062,0.0001119318,0.0004637367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002245661,0.0003360915,0.00003462489,0.0001443565,0.00007534642,0.0004666728,0.00007560634,0.0000920594,0.00002867798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003198753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000296676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001685115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.35951e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984796,0.00009722946,0.0004757787,0.0003863628,0.0002313062,0.00032974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991889,0.0003030368,0.000165728,0.0001643204,0.00005652958,0.0001214905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005794634,0.00009605716,0.00002948168,0.0157886,0.0003624162,0.00004338159,0.001706093,0.176363,0.7563893,0.00005630423,0.001064902,0.04752102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002808367,0.0001066468,0.002314575,0.00009476941,0.00005384629,0.00000739912,0.00003452113,0.0005197483,0.9952494,0.000538483,0.0004592054,0.0003405981],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9123626,0.0003275204,0.08585526,0.00005168368,0.0002343531,0.0004372427,0.0002833188,0.0003316819,0.0001163738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993614,0.0002062616,0.005774343,0.00004420247,0.0001763899,0.00006952931,0.0000482111,0.00005950454,0.000007514426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2388601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2220616791","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.103","title":"Influence of strain path on nucleation and growth of voids in dual phase steel sheets","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Formability; Materials science; Void (composites); Dual-phase steel; Nucleation; Composite material; Microstructure; Elongation; Volume fraction; Metallurgy; Ultimate tensile strength; Thermodynamics; Martensite","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03058661894364624,"gpt":0.2670831739698961,"spread":0.2364965550262498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000523874,0.00007913217,0.0001749405,0.0001027484,0.00000488258,0.00001035303,0.00003789685,0.00005241377,0.00001690563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009430508,0.0000773871,0.000007166092,0.00006969622,0.00002201534,0.0001355626,0.00000975911,0.00002389668,0.000002259543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002060433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001227932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002419857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.037019e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999384,0.00006296432,0.0002889227,0.00007310243,0.0001142422,0.00007670526],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999744,0.00003752916,0.0000569025,0.00009222393,0.00004183932,0.00002748643],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006416003,0.00002917023,0.00005762207,0.00007986678,0.000004217574,0.000002106268,0.0004184522,0.00677201,0.9893861,0.002628865,0.00003334391,0.000524065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005682555,0.0002585984,0.004492065,0.00007986272,0.000004731054,0.00000119069,0.00000996545,0.001314093,0.9886428,0.004549441,0.00000386159,0.00007510845],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973415,0.00001251555,0.002212636,0.000002922821,0.0000367128,0.0002040359,0.00004076481,0.00007212461,0.0000768255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956262,0.00000510496,0.004321739,0.000005150192,0.000009860333,0.000007475106,0.000006952643,0.00001445504,0.000003114109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005457917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3155754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2581915061","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2017.01.072","title":"Single and double twin nucleation, growth, and interaction in an extruded magnesium alloy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Division of Administrative Services; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johnson Foundation","keywords":"Crystal twinning; Nucleation; Materials science; Crystallography; Electron backscatter diffraction; Diffraction; Alloy; Branching (polymer chemistry); Magnesium alloy; Condensed matter physics; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Optics; Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05742014774241125,"gpt":0.2762120251701605,"spread":0.2187918774277493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005079919,0.0001633026,0.0002171847,0.00006100048,0.0003988227,0.001287627,0.0002601179,0.0000821815,0.0006489946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004455848,0.0001456039,0.00001014679,0.00003058257,0.0001435994,0.001017493,0.0001342138,0.00003852708,0.0000522457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002216157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001822231,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009502363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009981402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988153,0.0001258164,0.0003078775,0.0004026706,0.0001133175,0.000235026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992192,0.00002843279,0.0001879106,0.0004230197,0.00005589042,0.00008548572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002255987,0.00007182744,0.0002863747,0.00005559886,9.966293e-7,0.000003118814,0.000348997,0.000004340768,0.9970507,0.001496177,0.00007785295,0.0003784359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007685011,0.0001723361,0.01117972,0.00002062016,0.00001738956,0.00001592828,0.000144301,0.00007826136,0.9856702,0.001317264,0.0003943419,0.0002211393],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975745,0.00003754945,0.0003633513,0.0007107523,0.0003175624,0.0004650803,0.000008988765,0.00006635168,0.0004558269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952843,0.00001846398,0.004125723,0.00009105993,0.0001313595,0.0001201819,0.000007110168,0.00002530899,0.0001965579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01138049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3041528634","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108957","title":"Direct 3D-printing of phosphate glass by fused deposition modeling","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Phosphate glass; Materials science; 3D printing; Extrusion; Layer (electronics); Deposition (geology); Fused deposition modeling; Phosphate; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Optoelectronics; Doping","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02487246316566355,"gpt":0.2032252263353932,"spread":0.1783527631697297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001936143,0.000170321,0.0002776835,0.00003549834,0.00004849707,0.00005201035,0.0001833681,0.00009414599,0.00006293458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008744427,0.0001721239,0.00003194924,0.00007560202,0.00002373535,0.00008273419,0.0000687782,0.00007502718,0.00003054822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002056395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005205962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002300697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.418825e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991316,0.0000509484,0.0002982525,0.000189771,0.000104414,0.0002250073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996715,0.00005439594,0.00006357278,0.0001505626,0.00002373361,0.00003624277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002321016,0.000006419471,0.000005401379,0.0001329493,0.00003549878,0.000003346163,0.0001384299,0.05853292,0.9356155,0.00002847567,0.0004541849,0.005023693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001418571,0.00003125034,0.00001354229,0.00005556489,0.00001713374,8.309257e-7,0.00002604007,0.07932991,0.9200258,0.0001053574,0.00008927526,0.0001634771],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6106776,0.0001160207,0.3875071,0.0000431148,0.0001322996,0.0001249494,0.00002266889,0.001147221,0.0002290796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980776,0.00004980353,0.01901334,0.00002519804,0.0000529048,0.00002075397,0.00001377006,0.00004308702,0.000005117176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3700984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.701901,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W772852531","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.057","title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Si cast alloy with additions of Zr–V–Ti","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Materials science; Alloy; Microstructure; Eutectic system; Ductility (Earth science); Ultimate tensile strength; Metallurgy; Phase (matter); Ternary operation; Thermal stability; Composite material; Creep; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02716839263383009,"gpt":0.1894268258424845,"spread":0.1622584332086544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001852796,0.0002262781,0.0004124278,0.00006271697,0.00003031973,0.00004289673,0.000151531,0.000110338,0.000100223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003587819,0.0001597619,0.00002076789,0.00007524567,0.000203815,0.0001396695,0.0000543844,0.00007059877,0.0000057661],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002916784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005911028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000564051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001172606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990109,0.00007604225,0.0003523023,0.0001769073,0.0001677047,0.0002161808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994478,0.0000165005,0.00008020953,0.000236833,0.0001376906,0.00008092965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000194583,0.000009018099,0.000008406218,0.0001833516,0.00007100179,0.000004407295,0.0008392769,0.0006119911,0.996285,0.00008906268,0.00161211,0.00009174576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004498739,0.0001899822,0.000112665,0.0001425284,0.00005034672,0.0001234847,0.0002020882,0.00009299607,0.9975551,0.0001805997,0.0006979998,0.0002023099],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971061,0.0007100973,0.001222363,0.000042854,0.0002397085,0.0003646491,0.0001723423,0.0001031981,0.00003864932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873753,0.00002487017,0.01238324,0.00003138277,0.00004611807,0.00002703183,0.0000139719,0.00005824028,0.00003980529],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01116088,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6514903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281681203","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110837","title":"TPU-based antiplatelet cardiovascular prostheses prepared using fused deposition modelling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; H2020 European Research Council; Queen's University Belfast; European Commission; Queen's University; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Dip-coating; Materials science; Thermoplastic polyurethane; Fused deposition modeling; Biomedical engineering; Biocompatibility; Platelet adhesion; Adhesion; Composite material; 3D printing; Coating; Metallurgy; Elastomer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04489472768827369,"gpt":0.2420258199732715,"spread":0.1971310922849978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001878127,0.0002528418,0.0004586313,0.0001319298,0.0008631868,0.0002159998,0.0004863501,0.00009360415,0.001373806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000178086,0.000256468,0.0001346369,0.000406055,0.0001227415,0.00018939,0.000148761,0.00009474444,0.00006149511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002727202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002064039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001733231,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.297274e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966063,0.0008522355,0.0005259452,0.0006487857,0.0008162187,0.0005505388],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987869,0.0001246134,0.000207155,0.0006952412,0.00008224475,0.0001037993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001666719,0.00009729971,0.000002426928,0.00003373466,0.00003098623,0.00001979406,0.0000795914,0.1509303,0.8481559,0.00008949134,0.0003176366,0.00007619399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005183677,0.0001420278,0.000003181506,0.00002309528,0.0001095632,0.00005527046,0.00001525247,0.02370447,0.972572,0.0007160411,0.001831826,0.0003089025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4018714,0.0004786517,0.5959384,0.00006935368,0.0003292006,0.0009394455,0.00009891986,0.0002558863,0.00001869807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8132617,0.00001395762,0.1853962,0.0002775735,0.0001318242,0.0007355589,0.00009402299,0.00006302348,0.00002617279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4113903,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2188588073","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.121","title":"Mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds of aluminum to magnesium with Sn-coated steel interlayer","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Spot welding; Welding; Intermetallic; Metallurgy; Magnesium; Ultimate tensile strength; Aluminium; Composite material; Alloy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03527582948566372,"gpt":0.2293390281450428,"spread":0.1940631986593791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004743423,0.0002159564,0.0005250362,0.0001221335,0.00001537027,0.00002272725,0.0002877254,0.00009736175,0.00006807855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005828807,0.0001697314,0.00003707972,0.000248562,0.00003932261,0.0001180998,0.0000639065,0.00005497639,0.000007717279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006692683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000265949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003100525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001609069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998713,0.00009358121,0.0004800459,0.0002205511,0.0002537626,0.0002391008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991794,0.00001963815,0.0001037461,0.0004332603,0.0001638027,0.000100123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005274399,0.0000250574,0.000005268956,0.0002085734,0.00004319131,0.000008460995,0.0002390764,0.008537055,0.9890014,0.0002021548,0.001147351,0.00005496178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002157012,0.0002160361,0.00001516816,0.0002149032,0.00007060472,0.000003177328,0.00007101527,0.0006325413,0.9977523,0.0003084421,0.000288706,0.0002113778],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4852678,0.00008507333,0.5135081,0.00008187157,0.0001201011,0.0004443005,0.00002714343,0.0003239587,0.0001415898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8783442,0.000005020768,0.1212569,0.00001619623,0.00002659666,0.00006391243,0.000003306812,0.00005768491,0.0002261547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3930764,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6921448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2910880950","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107608","title":"Development of a field dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model for magnetorheological elastomers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Magnetorheological fluid; Materials science; Hysteresis; Amplitude; Nonlinear system; Magnetorheological elastomer; Magnetic field; Excitation; Mechanics; Prandtl number; Control theory (sociology); Condensed matter physics; Physics; Computer science; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02221265137492758,"gpt":0.2186408018079439,"spread":0.1964281504330163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003282448,0.0001339764,0.000285268,0.00003858149,0.00003042336,0.00002222163,0.0001283918,0.0001434765,0.0007825501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003917402,0.000101957,0.00003983475,0.00003276068,0.00001207525,0.0000633767,0.00002466884,0.00003769346,0.00006618129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001941704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003280048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.849647e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.790778e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999121,0.00003103885,0.0003720331,0.0001510779,0.0001110845,0.0002137787],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999644,0.0001258149,0.00003292696,0.000115991,0.00003558402,0.00004567848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002392204,0.0000245542,0.00001376066,0.000087763,0.00003322422,6.219659e-7,0.0001851864,0.06560227,0.9301664,0.001927484,0.0003826388,0.001336842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001075357,0.0002175961,0.0001103015,0.00001951582,0.00001708709,0.000001769257,0.00001730764,0.2120835,0.7848923,0.0008266738,0.0005167187,0.0002219257],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3286603,0.00004738683,0.6701398,0.00002611353,0.0003250676,0.0004410327,0.000009047948,0.0000911818,0.0002600462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9136295,0.000009474305,0.08563323,0.0000844112,0.0000376012,0.0001210184,0.000009006834,0.00001420063,0.000461613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5849691,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8568375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3102439388","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109333","title":"3D printing high interfacial bonding polyether ether ketone components via pyrolysis reactions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","keywords":"Peek; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Polyether ether ketone; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Composite material; 3D printing; Ether; 3d printed; Ketone; Chemical engineering; Polymer; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03721863326499777,"gpt":0.2224887470114536,"spread":0.1852701137464558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002573013,0.0002609992,0.0003393331,0.0001035504,0.0001286069,0.000116977,0.0002743535,0.0001563107,0.0007889354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001049966,0.000257445,0.00005095475,0.0001348918,0.00005844292,0.0001161283,0.000152208,0.0002121452,0.0003881689],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005410769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005020262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007237838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.146023e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987599,0.00009739869,0.0003625523,0.0002853906,0.0001408127,0.0003539306],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994968,0.00008965062,0.00009125717,0.0002371723,0.00002124831,0.00006389499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003053159,0.00001202852,0.00003493397,0.00005744859,0.00009284147,0.000009325965,0.0003105255,0.00211388,0.9912429,0.0002528582,0.0005021463,0.005340536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001883508,0.00003187892,0.0009981664,0.00005326193,0.0000323101,0.000004333568,0.00004943228,0.0009556627,0.9921756,0.0007607922,0.004460706,0.0002894483],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7713405,0.00002372114,0.2248385,0.0003467771,0.0005499694,0.0001931125,0.0000183651,0.002343571,0.000345386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9760962,0.000007107559,0.02334979,0.00006740216,0.0002551857,0.00003559513,0.00001183413,0.00008183513,0.00009502999],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2047557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3195014832","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110056","title":"Accelerated design of architectured ceramics with tunable thermal resistance via a hybrid machine learning and finite element approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Materials science; Ceramic; Finite element method; Brittleness; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02074220788128829,"gpt":0.2316872642823131,"spread":0.2109450564010248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003040592,0.0004766918,0.0007964858,0.000128851,0.0003764772,0.0005635876,0.0004973186,0.00009931641,0.001718655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003735261,0.0003848102,0.00003681717,0.0003617663,0.0003240341,0.0002584983,0.0002706264,0.0002132775,0.00003059106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005739461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002360479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001118553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005197464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944839,0.002397081,0.0007814552,0.0009503023,0.0006398688,0.0007473447],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998042,0.0004299354,0.0005874061,0.0005346185,0.0002558609,0.0001501621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008956773,0.00008381005,0.0001342371,0.000213668,0.00002277169,0.00006604284,0.0003585427,0.1265804,0.8714268,0.00008890552,0.0000260169,0.0001030449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000925066,0.0003086781,0.0003252709,0.0001109837,0.00005409459,0.00009816453,0.00004244281,0.02359926,0.9734904,0.0003740392,0.0002034922,0.0004681129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4289905,0.0002795258,0.5694329,0.00007416983,0.000194892,0.00061207,0.00006550758,0.0001621005,0.0001884074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7136248,0.00003596827,0.2854742,0.00007230451,0.00006651801,0.00008565288,0.000051023,0.00006552783,0.0005240791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2846343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177016393","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109921","title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure of additively manufactured stainless steel with laser welded joints","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Materials science; Microstructure; Welding; Laser; Metallurgy; Composite material; Joint (building); Structural engineering; Optics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02051719489819419,"gpt":0.187971045392999,"spread":0.1674538504948048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411205,0.0002766992,0.0004618576,0.00003964615,0.00006140632,0.0001388221,0.0001008842,0.0001240123,0.001024033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003314163,0.0002023388,0.00002153422,0.00005277965,0.00008165433,0.0001283554,0.00005840705,0.00007038518,0.000007879419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001836782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004525371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009662823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007622422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989017,0.0001242175,0.0002916387,0.0002647685,0.000152564,0.0002651399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995167,0.00005338004,0.00007668795,0.0001806946,0.000106918,0.00006562051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00023595,0.00001448646,0.000002250816,0.0006711705,0.00008933413,0.00005008478,0.0002001302,0.000453894,0.9974242,0.00005828574,0.0004814891,0.0003187687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004797923,0.00008528025,0.001848976,0.0001930092,0.00004374184,0.00005459932,0.0001285815,0.000009818158,0.9954497,0.0006508335,0.000782383,0.000273287],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953453,0.0001964411,0.003177708,0.00003559835,0.0002614439,0.0002649463,0.000516323,0.0001298468,0.0000723784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951425,0.00008498426,0.004353703,0.00004615606,0.00009406675,0.00003755937,0.00005649672,0.00005974716,0.000124745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001974457,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360999991","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111835","title":"3D printed octet plate-lattices for tunable energy absorption","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Octet; Absorption (acoustics); 3d printed; Optoelectronics; Engineering physics; Optics; Composite material; Particle physics; Manufacturing engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03006783790044835,"gpt":0.2371312089220557,"spread":0.2070633710216073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003347658,0.0001842315,0.0002587468,0.00008643472,0.00006716444,0.00009765485,0.0001219921,0.0001131995,0.000279459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003152968,0.0001793669,0.00002929264,0.000116342,0.000008911627,0.0001621648,0.00003186861,0.00002238201,0.0001816362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003795529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001227725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001187621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002138543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990123,0.00003303563,0.0002856887,0.0001964675,0.00008942752,0.0003830902],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995967,0.00007036678,0.00005139885,0.0001894087,0.00003712285,0.00005502979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000641291,0.000006671776,1.027395e-7,0.0001552193,0.00002177085,0.000004664826,0.00004369038,0.02067358,0.9726408,0.003157767,0.002216275,0.001015372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003391283,0.00005733498,0.000008483637,0.00003862993,0.00002006016,0.000002931703,0.00001615458,0.01092423,0.9500729,0.008927748,0.02936964,0.0002227913],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2004267,0.00007705708,0.7929513,0.00002681212,0.003743043,0.0005389764,0.000149559,0.001901187,0.0001852985],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9446961,0.0006061932,0.05072438,0.00008840903,0.0007079013,0.000762017,0.0003471388,0.0002319541,0.001835862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7442694,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.731437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954871958","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108008","title":"Thermal processing strategies enabling boride dissolution and gamma prime precipitation in dissimilar nickel-based superalloys transient liquid phase bond","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Boride; Materials science; Dissolution; Superalloy; Metallurgy; Precipitation; Microstructure; Phase (matter); Alloy; Thermal treatment; Composite material; Chemical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009983082716611543,"gpt":0.2297562213616144,"spread":0.2197731386450028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004114705,0.0002422728,0.0002868263,0.0001071578,0.00006238806,0.0003021126,0.00009319204,0.0001370245,0.00008972419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009138142,0.0002211129,0.00002676839,0.0001224356,0.00002674064,0.0005660603,0.000008007522,0.00010254,0.000009578447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005674026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000700242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001603627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007870761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987714,0.00009805024,0.0003580717,0.0002698736,0.0001581135,0.0003444643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996677,0.000040256,0.00004013997,0.0001531325,0.00003373205,0.00006500808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003704022,0.0000510748,0.000021297,0.0002196344,0.000009796387,0.000008332751,0.001263593,0.02654876,0.9708575,0.00008046844,0.0000197586,0.0005493533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001730881,0.0003705598,0.001642967,0.0002548494,0.00002805914,0.000002616729,0.0002591313,0.01173815,0.983325,0.00004096187,0.0002383588,0.0003684813],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980581,0.0005837725,0.01763423,0.00005672712,0.0002365669,0.0006042701,0.00001679017,0.0001811222,0.0001055278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978678,0.0000313146,0.001788717,0.00002292676,0.00008789395,0.00007160192,0.00005835164,0.00005370778,0.00001774592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01728675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9016724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3161917822","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109811","title":"Hierarchical kirigami-inspired graphene and carbon nanotube metamaterials: Tunability of thermo-mechanic properties","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Metamaterial; Carbon nanotube; Graphene; Thermal conductivity; Nanotechnology; Finite element method; Nano-; Composite material; Structural engineering; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02383304458616178,"gpt":0.2056386636459727,"spread":0.181805619059811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006284746,0.0003216128,0.0007443288,0.00006234684,0.00005344062,0.0000858807,0.000148845,0.0001721511,0.0002524775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009902864,0.000273818,0.0000552105,0.0001261277,0.00008202191,0.0001231569,0.0001055394,0.00006030327,0.000004083094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003728833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005795325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002898634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004350335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980915,0.000338187,0.0006336584,0.0003642175,0.0001912482,0.000381182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992273,0.00004913734,0.00009051233,0.000437885,0.00009793904,0.00009724621],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001244626,0.00003808261,0.00000135814,0.0005141636,0.00006549067,0.00001507271,0.0002037204,0.0002193147,0.9966095,0.001447841,0.00001060785,0.0007503957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004167225,0.0001127791,0.00004461309,0.0001006618,0.00006998343,0.00002294984,0.00004600332,0.0003541921,0.9861701,0.0122108,0.0001548047,0.0002963802],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884354,0.001163525,0.008164293,0.00002221462,0.0013696,0.000440216,0.0000679883,0.0002781598,0.00005854147],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922582,0.0004937327,0.006885839,0.00002644664,0.0001102902,0.00009882002,0.00001563909,0.00008010693,0.00003094439],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01076296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1182368141","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.105","title":"The effect of grafting a nano-TiO2 thin film on physical and mechanical properties of cellulosic natural fibers","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Thetford; Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Contact angle; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Wetting; Grafting; Nano-; Fiber; Polymer","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01931896508673465,"gpt":0.2318350891508235,"spread":0.2125161240640888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001260763,0.0002257737,0.0004679352,0.00004170423,0.0001172902,0.0001244191,0.0003530236,0.00007409121,0.00001039026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003504547,0.0001199446,0.00005837139,0.00009569437,0.0002106237,0.0001546249,0.0001616037,0.00009090763,0.00002921064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003242965,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003081347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006126587,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.910149e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979552,0.0006901794,0.0003899624,0.0002536705,0.0004202499,0.0002907173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987445,0.0005560654,0.0002510156,0.0002962005,0.00008016934,0.00007200117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001223268,0.00001020257,0.000001562973,0.00009110603,0.00001508621,0.000001847437,0.0004261516,0.0002491625,0.9970929,0.0006362265,0.0001429639,0.0001095424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005355272,0.001105898,0.000007260709,0.0001553407,0.00003793389,0.000008718962,0.00002930908,0.0007712215,0.9965642,0.000624703,0.00001864395,0.000141243],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983295,0.0003069474,0.00003876852,0.00006842864,0.0006026231,0.0005502913,0.000009137671,0.00005633017,0.00003803274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990712,0.000003433728,0.0006593075,0.00001875858,0.000091197,0.00003297894,0.000002243116,0.00002073456,0.0001001879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001095695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4891198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2896218107","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10.026","title":"Anisotropy in the quasi-static and cyclic behavior of ZK60 extrusion: Characterization and fatigue modeling","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association for Progressive Communications","keywords":"Materials science; Extrusion; Anisotropy; Fatigue testing; Crystal twinning; Slip (aerodynamics); Lüders band; Texture (cosmology); Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Dislocation; Microstructure; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06124813347621691,"gpt":0.2777315845681086,"spread":0.2164834510918917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006456874,0.0001165905,0.0001891269,0.00004245809,0.0001441886,0.0001434158,0.0001566328,0.0000494796,0.0002798476],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002556336,0.00007974793,0.000008924105,0.00008556928,0.0001355952,0.0001607178,0.00005858912,0.00002393196,0.000009407902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007629487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001877354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002034851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000997321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998902,0.0002240376,0.0003483634,0.0002276393,0.0001339755,0.0001640393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995384,0.00004057896,0.0001181368,0.0002222544,0.00005053451,0.00003015619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004129159,0.00005254444,0.0000518065,0.00003909149,7.483074e-7,9.625064e-7,0.001036565,0.000006417774,0.9970072,0.00113575,0.00000933574,0.000618323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003771325,0.0003165323,0.004849598,0.00005429469,0.00004565705,0.00001871252,0.0003265344,0.004409594,0.9883355,0.0009351366,0.0001337874,0.0001974924],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9542461,0.00003081569,0.04479282,0.0002064433,0.0000916955,0.0005592314,0.00004032709,0.00002016736,0.00001237928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994064,0.00004932718,0.005469244,0.000106767,0.00007598735,0.0001868514,0.0000160603,0.00001299909,0.00001877729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03981786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3252026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2539501581","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.046","title":"Utilization of shale-clay mixtures as a landfill liner material to retain heavy metals","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Oil shale; Hydraulic conductivity; Compaction; Adsorption; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Clay minerals; Mineralogy; Waste management; Geology; Soil science; Chemistry; Engineering; Soil water","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03540160813433379,"gpt":0.2643190996854475,"spread":0.2289174915511137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005861832,0.0002532379,0.0003977526,0.00004649627,0.00008338341,0.0000436498,0.0002485884,0.00009696194,0.01831754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001762526,0.000150072,0.00004858277,0.0001135347,0.0001684424,0.0002287103,0.0003040745,0.00002003303,0.001789434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001210807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007691457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003521765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003385712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981869,0.0002690902,0.0004298599,0.000376545,0.0003653935,0.0003721837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992719,0.00008896249,0.0001573272,0.000343437,0.000007501158,0.0001308987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004011013,0.00006022796,0.0008491348,0.00001030235,0.00002893478,0.000007043028,0.0002525379,0.00004823818,0.9902337,0.00001474933,0.007336684,0.0007573775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004175662,0.0002940704,0.006138951,0.00003918357,0.00003623966,0.00001114284,0.000008254571,0.000002078333,0.9907198,0.0006185441,0.001483717,0.0002304545],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899892,0.00002521535,0.005143339,0.0005734866,0.0004869327,0.0007351878,0.0002103566,0.00006733994,0.0027689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952517,0.00004711482,0.002499155,0.0003832641,0.00013401,0.00007381334,0.00001357732,0.00003861886,0.001558745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0165281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2464333222","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.091","title":"Near-surface mechanical heterogeneities in a dissimilar aluminum alloys friction stir welded joint","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Indentation hardness; Digital image correlation; Joint (building); Welding; Ultimate tensile strength; Plasticity; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Metallurgy; Microstructure; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02621043072258699,"gpt":0.2332909881474892,"spread":0.2070805574249022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004631663,0.0002371033,0.0003852565,0.00005237622,0.00005080306,0.00007500363,0.0001689839,0.000132841,0.0003197012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004080212,0.0001883084,0.00006366318,0.0001336601,0.00002590061,0.0001941582,0.00005809812,0.00006097993,0.00006294798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001816059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001154411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003832762,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008631049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986096,0.0001427051,0.0004379755,0.0002816662,0.0001665465,0.0003615155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994351,0.00006574082,0.0000587142,0.000348341,0.00002353534,0.00006852302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002610024,0.00001403108,0.00001672577,0.00002186332,0.00003134765,0.00001164752,0.0000528179,0.02613999,0.972034,0.0001464829,0.0008336271,0.0006713694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002355414,0.0000547749,0.0001382785,0.00009935461,0.00002569999,0.000007077399,0.00001029824,0.007885435,0.9876341,0.002970734,0.0006696589,0.0002690025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4173524,0.00002541638,0.5814971,0.0001032245,0.0002202518,0.0001947908,0.00001817611,0.0005700444,0.00001857381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8816921,0.0001157044,0.1179022,0.00002594162,0.00007083296,0.0000665347,0.000004656496,0.00006592313,0.00005607243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4643397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7678995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2892233523","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2018.09.019","title":"Structure, degradation, drug release and mechanical properties relationships of iron-based drug eluting scaffolds: The effects of PLGA","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"PLGA; Materials science; Curcumin; Scaffold; Degradation (telecommunications); Drug delivery; Chemical engineering; Coating; Porosity; Controlled release; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Biomedical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02164535719125011,"gpt":0.2131673917430451,"spread":0.191522034551795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001154329,0.0001825478,0.0002949412,0.00005116303,0.0004024713,0.00009740613,0.0003286298,0.00006880121,0.0002604227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004832013,0.0001132205,0.00002913483,0.0001429455,0.000417102,0.000138037,0.00009344555,0.00004507655,0.00001734375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001830323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009982064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003380671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002958261,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979181,0.0007237391,0.0005601256,0.0003038721,0.0002633884,0.0002308027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984828,0.0004354944,0.0003641957,0.0004622441,0.0001960766,0.00005919189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001275214,0.00003640263,0.00004436618,0.0003504778,0.000005027353,2.816327e-7,0.0004884402,0.0000430646,0.9954107,0.00288338,0.0004851261,0.0001252322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003151166,0.00009912511,0.0005923347,0.0001249654,0.0000702795,0.000002289436,0.0001454796,0.0003907971,0.9966929,0.001352138,0.00007413144,0.0001404449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961017,0.0002349363,0.002019897,0.0003955505,0.0002397642,0.000896147,0.00003039372,0.00005521497,0.00002642085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923968,0.000009175388,0.007138385,0.00007432502,0.0001159861,0.00009468896,0.00000664257,0.00002541645,0.0001385742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005118488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4616998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2519832218","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.027","title":"Microstructural investigation of Fe Cr Nb B amorphous/nanocrystalline coating produced by HVOF","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Materials science; Nanocrystalline material; Thermal spraying; Amorphous solid; Metallurgy; Coating; Transmission electron microscopy; Scanning electron microscope; Substrate (aquarium); Corrosion; Microstructure; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Crystallography; Nanotechnology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01567021043991354,"gpt":0.1940471190372257,"spread":0.1783769085973122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004019144,0.0002309898,0.0003656599,0.00005193058,0.00004452765,0.00005690415,0.0001779071,0.00009081083,0.0004620304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007000039,0.0001649645,0.00004160191,0.00009751586,0.00007017735,0.0001582602,0.00003119034,0.00003802472,0.00003780425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004274195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002534441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005028772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001661307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986346,0.0001034969,0.00053983,0.0002362128,0.0001771596,0.0003086943],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999355,0.00007422006,0.0001569813,0.000271064,0.00006320859,0.00007953106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002181946,0.000004859083,0.00005753247,0.0001025993,0.00002843998,0.000002266448,0.00006466866,0.000150582,0.9948831,0.00006714,0.004286764,0.0003302232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004499295,0.00005307061,0.0003477537,0.000099301,0.00002182521,0.000008316756,0.000007916532,0.00009644023,0.9976196,0.0003285902,0.0007414196,0.0002257862],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847304,0.0001164814,0.01382922,0.0000920543,0.000533385,0.0003636724,0.0001059559,0.0002097059,0.00001913775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913303,0.00004411403,0.008138742,0.00003423833,0.0001542932,0.00003025474,0.00002870649,0.00006776499,0.0001715359],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006599965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6727059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}