{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":55,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":55,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"87cf9a5a0653","filters":{"venue":"Metamedicine"}},"results":[{"id":"W2054323170","doi":"10.1007/s11017-005-5754-1","title":"Developing Sustainability: A New Metaphor for Progress","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphor; Philosophy of medicine; Sustainability; Paradigm shift; Process (computing); Epistemology; Political science; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Philosophy; Medicine; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01311392780651624,"gpt":0.2639342822396253,"spread":0.2508203544331091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004291201,0.0002085717,0.0002662025,0.00006773291,0.0001529525,0.000024122,0.0002179586,0.00005885364,0.0008752306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134484,0.0001681717,0.00007750729,0.000373591,0.0002847496,0.0001771606,0.0001579145,0.00007153557,0.00009744747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008288491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007981707,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001307195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008123321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983815,0.00002480683,0.0003142517,0.0003806369,0.0003314362,0.0005673525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994859,0.00005785124,0.00008034308,0.0002331677,0.00001190077,0.000130841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002484319,0.0003437583,0.3321413,0.0002514264,0.0001411136,0.00007576927,0.001256395,0.0005625629,0.001367186,0.01796121,0.2499346,0.3957162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001714226,0.0001261416,0.1856422,0.00001288766,0.00009308727,0.00001211505,0.0007850731,0.0002081358,0.00280555,0.06815352,0.7400346,0.0004124587],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8927363,0.001048158,0.05042154,0.03989261,0.0003986772,0.003079451,0.000005218658,0.0002757982,0.01214224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8994288,0.00001627051,0.05251147,0.001613083,0.0005199009,0.0003114041,0.00006844495,0.00005439007,0.04547617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9583161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2159496661","doi":"10.1023/b:meta.0000025096.25317.22","title":"Medical Ethics and Double effect: The Case of Terminal Sedation","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","field":"Medicine","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Casuistry; Principle of double effect; Philosophy of medicine; Medical law; Appeal; Worry; Law; Doctrine; Opposition (politics); Beneficence; Morality; Medicine; Political science; Autonomy; Psychiatry; Alternative medicine; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1260591175964278,"gpt":0.4697739731893761,"spread":0.3437148555929483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001756739,0.0001020741,0.0003925057,0.00006977376,0.00005107898,0.000002060691,0.00005734319,0.0001389824,0.00009664508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002227006,0.00005380554,0.00004975279,0.0001727922,0.0004431712,0.00003137758,0.00003041369,0.000482585,0.000003186805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001920628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001725465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009542959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001717472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989334,0.00009527292,0.0002823724,0.0001296421,0.000444919,0.0001144144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985088,0.0009250474,0.0001013101,0.0002028442,0.0001414686,0.0001205235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009367222,0.001982894,0.2419595,0.01834556,0.00345129,0.04720815,0.168741,0.00006243688,0.05950436,0.04005067,0.006114553,0.4032124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.1240407,0.0201589,0.04622575,0.02940144,0.009480094,0.04791372,0.02425253,0.001280471,0.6170302,0.004590317,0.074517,0.001108928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830723,0.004266874,0.0007579733,0.01029001,0.0001339278,0.0002390156,0.000002877144,0.00001449356,0.001222558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973387,0.0009523815,0.0005644804,0.0008084339,0.0002148803,0.000007965933,0.00001263468,0.000008353889,0.00009218226],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5575258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2666095,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577673877","doi":"10.1023/a:1026006801902","title":"Argumentation and Evidence","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Dialogical self; Informal logic; Epistemology; Relevance (law); Context (archaeology); Empirical evidence; Evidence-based medicine; Rationality; Psychology; Engineering ethics; MEDLINE; Alternative medicine; Medicine; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Argumentation theory","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06111398801593036,"gpt":0.3871033470182868,"spread":0.3259893590023564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005296031,0.00006874996,0.0002067053,0.00004109123,0.00002587146,0.000005686722,0.00001629479,0.0000346766,0.0003454066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0591967,0.00004777873,0.0000276485,0.0001156234,0.0000850554,0.00003439922,0.000006269333,0.00009313232,0.0000464966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001345748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003899828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001579899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001096487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993224,0.00004000394,0.000173141,0.0001623049,0.0001893065,0.0001129066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962504,0.003341679,0.00003873414,0.0001474822,0.00004547303,0.0001762286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000311555,0.0004884024,0.7875192,0.0002026233,0.0002137801,0.0003117564,0.0007752859,0.00000250939,0.0132686,0.01223302,0.01646206,0.1682112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008181173,0.002274592,0.9382895,0.00815588,0.001302784,0.0007561911,0.0005393272,0.000187348,0.01247112,0.002801632,0.02473713,0.0003032846],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786021,0.009047415,0.001130809,0.005051774,0.0002274084,0.0002040944,3.375218e-7,0.00004410671,0.005691937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99232,0.0007615649,0.002638312,0.002643363,0.00008492011,0.000008531765,0.000003047842,0.000006771691,0.00153347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.167908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9487281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1506404677","doi":"10.1023/a:1019521923979","title":"Human Dignity and the Ethics and Aesthetics of Pain and Suffering","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dignity; Philosophy of medicine; Environmental ethics; Aesthetics; Medical ethics; Bioethics; Engineering ethics; History of medicine; Medicine; Philosophy; Sociology; Political science; Alternative medicine; Law; Engineering; Psychiatry; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09391194538155348,"gpt":0.2825402630233864,"spread":0.1886283176418329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001725128,0.00008203388,0.0002352608,0.00002443826,0.0005363937,0.00004884258,0.0000392873,0.00002607988,0.00007664692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004124453,0.00004340865,0.00001662142,0.00001359686,0.001471182,0.00004952887,0.00005729003,0.0002576954,5.99547e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001756667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001303079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006970761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005651148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993216,0.0001955729,0.0001653345,0.00009739114,0.0001274804,0.00009257501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990118,0.0007377556,0.0000805103,0.00009140535,0.00004727644,0.00003123856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004640337,0.00008831263,0.002619148,0.0004579799,0.0002405975,0.00001157453,0.3850091,5.318936e-7,0.00008505892,0.5637909,0.008733765,0.03891662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005124636,0.001694253,0.002820965,0.0002718117,0.0007005522,0.00003855655,0.07084434,0.001730008,0.00002697547,0.02920045,0.8871602,0.0003872649],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8917435,0.03119144,0.00002804352,0.035393,0.0001058768,0.0002177459,0.000003539349,0.00002260426,0.04129419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914795,0.006193534,0.00002136833,0.001110864,0.0001266395,0.00000320955,3.574969e-7,0.000005822503,0.001058767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8784264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5420631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059378442","doi":"10.1007/s11017-007-9029-x","title":"Does Evidence-Based Medicine Apply to Psychiatry?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Rigour; Psychiatry; Evidence-based medicine; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Psychology; Psychotherapist; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2770688448889757,"gpt":0.4360768020095385,"spread":0.1590079571205629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002068602,0.0008217708,0.002959432,0.0009395865,0.0003824566,0.0000485196,0.0006734324,0.0002351927,0.01721583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001706783,0.0003630358,0.0004471714,0.0003528985,0.0004583722,0.0001043209,0.00005045729,0.0007509885,0.001512303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005677925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006628186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001425937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955229,0.0002336738,0.001714214,0.000784599,0.0009409273,0.000803731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996848,0.0007040792,0.0005682156,0.0009093813,0.0001301541,0.0008402067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004242023,0.0000705124,0.000006008714,0.03427501,0.00009445587,0.00001068632,0.0007823905,4.085102e-8,1.621119e-8,0.01379755,0.1257044,0.8252165],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004174885,0.0007526095,0.000001380457,0.08119752,0.001327952,0.000006291343,0.0004583579,6.649539e-7,5.865265e-8,0.0003152997,0.915093,0.0004293442],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[8.680005e-7,0.9402609,0.0001189398,0.01148124,0.02274167,0.002004459,0.0000666287,0.0001513196,0.02317395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000003852752,0.9382485,0.0004545227,0.01889834,0.02344373,0.0002411065,0.0001971814,0.0001054584,0.01840731],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8247872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998822,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2011833559","doi":"10.1007/s11017-007-9052-y","title":"Are Newborns Morally Different from Older Children?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Personhood; Directive; Value (mathematics); Value of life; Intensive care; Perspective (graphical); Bioethics; Intervention (counseling); Position (finance); Psychology; Medicine; Nursing; Law; Alternative medicine; Political science; Intensive care medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03191360388908942,"gpt":0.352502531433651,"spread":0.3205889275445616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008472237,0.0002879051,0.0007505677,0.0001990183,0.00009409089,0.00001371919,0.0001656879,0.0003175799,0.0009974049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004737811,0.0001982884,0.0001506036,0.0003240941,0.0001410411,0.00004653575,0.0000644031,0.001167146,0.00009431611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009552973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007456173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001346621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002286443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974098,0.00005711201,0.0006083659,0.0004644862,0.0009123511,0.0005479512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979666,0.0002630162,0.0002401539,0.0006402375,0.0002452708,0.0006446542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001483015,0.0002995159,0.970493,0.00009548204,0.000262207,0.0005085197,0.0009877976,3.421267e-7,0.0004209967,0.000378542,0.007070097,0.0193352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00241286,0.0002496641,0.9805235,0.0002314599,0.0005001542,0.00003762998,0.0003205525,0.00001793429,0.0006013185,0.0003480133,0.0145707,0.0001862785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724867,0.006249254,0.002368557,0.0138442,0.000864627,0.0005559548,0.00004079161,0.0001591209,0.003430734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9817881,0.0003848088,0.001260487,0.01065067,0.004108769,0.000007691539,0.0001889327,0.00004821281,0.001562319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01914892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979337714","doi":"10.1007/s11017-005-5756-z","title":"New Constitutionalism and the Social Reproduction of Caring Institutions","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Constitutionalism; Reproduction; Corporate governance; Philosophy of medicine; Social reproduction; Politics; Liberalism; Social contract; Sociology; Political economy; Political science; Law and economics; Environmental ethics; Law; Democracy; Social science; Economics; Social capital; Ecology; Medicine; Management","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05481480619488999,"gpt":0.3689716855498362,"spread":0.3141568793549462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006658338,0.00004231669,0.0001457377,0.00003139668,0.001046612,0.000007113023,0.00004974758,0.00003561768,0.00001080502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003747882,0.000024499,0.00003772282,0.0002094623,0.002846349,0.00005763179,0.0000200501,0.00006344925,0.000001104809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002059389,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001647968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05243806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00233928,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994041,0.0000687642,0.0001417326,0.00008699588,0.0002000016,0.00009845451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997337,0.00006902818,0.00006795388,0.00005159036,0.00005750118,0.00002025062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000941703,0.000005315863,0.0005153702,0.000003070028,0.00002223483,2.408547e-7,0.008726864,0.000002667928,0.00003383612,0.9860438,0.002690984,0.001946204],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00535284,0.00003409263,0.08400647,0.00006782133,0.0005442432,0.000009566847,0.03293407,0.000006939043,0.0003537341,0.5249773,0.3514598,0.0002530575],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1855368,0.006776231,0.002078661,0.2399869,0.002151304,0.0006469191,0.000008528013,0.0001126162,0.562702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935625,0.0002537214,0.0001002461,0.0001384025,0.003535886,0.000004416584,0.000001647215,0.000001461983,0.002401781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8080256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019650430","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9106-4","title":"Clinical intuition versus statistics: different modes of tacit knowledge in clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Tacit knowledge; Intuition; Philosophy of medicine; Epistemology; Clinical epidemiology; Evidence-based medicine; Epidemiology; Context (archaeology); Experiential learning; Empiricism; Medicine; Psychology; Alternative medicine; Philosophy; Pathology; History; Mathematics education","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3087794921972256,"gpt":0.5277881040710384,"spread":0.2190086118738128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009754888,0.0002971263,0.002789579,0.0002744448,0.00002949339,0.000002504846,0.0001373493,0.0003586085,0.0002215128],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3673453,0.000192673,0.0002038375,0.0002961944,0.00142239,0.00004959855,0.00004192398,0.0007770508,0.00001459544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005923028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000203937,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009167438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004769658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938207,0.00141272,0.0033374,0.000667238,0.0003459768,0.0004159418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8485097,0.1493121,0.0006537311,0.0005844207,0.0002815505,0.0006584754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00572115,0.00188817,0.5473154,0.0002203198,0.0001404659,0.00009465997,0.00009542545,0.000009400172,0.0001560971,0.006492709,0.006183397,0.4316828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01851313,0.01530387,0.9422891,0.01199612,0.0008288897,0.00001148742,0.00009022803,0.006229412,0.00004399208,0.00423405,0.0002919205,0.0001678261],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9445065,0.01865153,0.01820416,0.01621771,0.001101184,0.000575594,0.00001381222,0.00005600308,0.0006735142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814132,0.009348541,0.004900622,0.003150296,0.0009896172,0.00001335117,0.00007303,0.00001612432,0.00009514477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.431515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7856977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2005511515","doi":"10.1023/a:1011419820440","title":"Distributive Justice and Clinical Trials in the Third World","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Distributive justice; Economic Justice; Distributive property; Clinical trial; Medicine; Political science; Epistemology; Alternative medicine; Law; Philosophy; Internal medicine; Pathology; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7704971736715187,"gpt":0.6755282816189845,"spread":0.09496889205253423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1370096,0.0004789384,0.003773506,0.0004733473,0.0001062264,0.00005936,0.0007275842,0.002278903,0.000594922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3957734,0.0002476347,0.0006137986,0.001092093,0.001929529,0.00004248648,0.0002555954,0.03163567,0.0001154146],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001325843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006594515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001921605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004398335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9810793,0.008946458,0.004294162,0.00122977,0.00349483,0.00095544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.5875148,0.4080624,0.001123367,0.002168087,0.0007243594,0.0004070411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003829967,0.0001788688,0.005275086,0.0009767376,0.0003717522,0.00557038,0.000115715,3.279958e-8,0.000002018944,0.0006219732,0.9812872,0.005217172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004490361,0.0009657073,0.01394227,0.001859926,0.005604691,0.0001631284,0.0002697392,0.0000268781,0.000002431394,0.0101918,0.9622476,0.0002355428],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006871112,0.003341644,0.0002287716,0.968227,0.001272735,0.001814917,0.00006983904,0.00004060433,0.02431732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001880803,0.01357034,0.0003503263,0.9189123,0.02667491,0.00009465359,0.0004566142,0.00006262981,0.03799742],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3991159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1495652622","doi":"10.1023/a:1021265824313","title":"The research subject as wage earner","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Overtime; Wage; Philosophy of medicine; Payment; Labour economics; Subject (documents); Economics; Work (physics); Politics; Minimum wage; Political science; Law; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.8111534750146195,"gpt":0.6588621813076182,"spread":0.1522912937070013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006711385,0.0001995502,0.0002872976,0.0001216303,0.001511085,0.00003349646,0.0005583634,0.0004685757,0.01837755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001608608,0.0001224135,0.00008859139,0.0006992432,0.001156956,0.0000829921,0.0001332719,0.004914632,0.005082826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008629804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006071194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006902518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002131939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951674,0.00236414,0.0004146835,0.0003602794,0.0005755607,0.00111789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954067,0.003166842,0.00006586354,0.0004100885,0.0002355432,0.0007149747],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005439391,0.0005272754,0.006144596,0.00007458941,0.0003818354,0.0006025473,0.002119689,0.00001590051,0.01280846,0.03631997,0.6299775,0.3104838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001208223,0.0002809258,0.00071779,0.00001703733,0.00008448147,0.00006616546,0.0005572435,0.001540613,0.009669718,0.002058274,0.9836586,0.0001409538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3847629,0.0269091,0.00001082089,0.1705465,0.003052049,0.001100946,0.00002194024,0.000239555,0.4133562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9180672,0.004290345,0.00001376826,0.01029103,0.001477888,0.00008646157,0.000005966967,0.00002517772,0.06574215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5333043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997888,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145623775","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9118-0","title":"For love or money? The saga of Korean women who provided eggs for embryonic stem cell research","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Seoul National University; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Embryonic stem cell; Stem cell; Medicine; Biology; Cell biology; Alternative medicine; Genetics; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1019706912614791,"gpt":0.3988960607329392,"spread":0.2969253694714601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004311394,0.0001614371,0.0006015764,0.0002057167,0.0001110533,0.00001148707,0.0002108505,0.0002288378,0.00009404901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003517393,0.00007630228,0.000134464,0.0005488636,0.0006585792,0.00004106566,0.00003090616,0.000428029,0.000006622396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001179915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004217748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001855342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008599546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976588,0.0001060867,0.0004924863,0.0003175147,0.0008880465,0.0005370325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974673,0.00101687,0.0001643406,0.0004962582,0.0006019578,0.0002533066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01280001,0.001626748,0.0001623575,0.005132216,0.0005740267,0.00002870897,0.02256069,0.00001010516,0.186502,0.0172411,0.1558618,0.5975002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04046312,0.04488742,0.01290507,0.00220128,0.001291469,0.00007121809,0.01951475,0.0191223,0.1103245,0.04622274,0.7023033,0.0006928226],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4530391,0.007118847,0.01305506,0.5086138,0.0006800174,0.01219332,0.0000901956,0.00009559695,0.005114049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9502175,0.0003202778,0.00109681,0.002474831,0.0007936608,0.0001343787,0.00004499553,0.00003325803,0.0448843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5968074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3111517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W35491624","doi":"10.1023/a:1009952831029","title":"Why the Practice of Medicine is Not a Phronetic Activity","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Phronesis; Techne; Conflation; Epistemology; Philosophy of medicine; Analogy; Casuistry; Philosophy; Episteme; Sociology; Medicine; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1363281448511394,"gpt":0.3990268524507855,"spread":0.2626987075996461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001061026,0.0004175311,0.001979315,0.0001682306,0.0002563616,0.00001606075,0.0004036879,0.0001219511,0.0268935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000124791,0.0001952127,0.0002744648,0.0001393401,0.001018892,0.00009334644,0.00003421865,0.0006846315,0.0002089737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004084552,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001647652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00219968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001513883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973207,0.0005039158,0.0008661355,0.0003385158,0.0006418247,0.0003289511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971729,0.00107832,0.0008176498,0.0007006834,0.00007895559,0.0001515082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005281245,0.00008476418,3.744535e-8,0.01101204,0.0001836724,0.000004466608,0.004273576,5.603264e-9,3.707721e-8,0.00246217,0.2202263,0.7617001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004743549,0.000511749,2.492484e-7,0.008678702,0.003210446,0.00004682017,0.0005913352,0.000001170019,2.449937e-7,0.00009935937,0.9862218,0.0001637182],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001250541,0.8635417,0.000003292818,0.02035923,0.001742516,0.0008254956,0.00008189972,0.00002271747,0.1134219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002217767,0.9601677,0.00001859191,0.0255124,0.004078401,0.00006952351,0.00004198387,0.00004198684,0.01004725],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7659956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.973996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2010932304","doi":"10.1007/s11017-014-9278-4","title":"Deliver us from evil? The temptation, realities, and neuroethico-legal issues of employing assessment neurotechnologies in public safety initiatives","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroethics; Temptation; Philosophy of medicine; Engineering ethics; Terrorism; Political science; Function (biology); Psychology; Public relations; Law; Criminology; Computer security; Medicine; Engineering; Neuroscience; Social psychology; Alternative medicine; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09455115558167816,"gpt":0.3620308746962312,"spread":0.2674797191145531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001267304,0.0002098142,0.0004005152,0.0003378167,0.0002466847,0.0000618203,0.0004893268,0.00009924911,0.00009258197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01130547,0.0001449366,0.00003334977,0.0008822427,0.00193571,0.0003941282,0.0002595531,0.0008738614,0.000003647906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000360688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007245913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005809414,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001596671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967844,0.0009041426,0.0007702836,0.0005224019,0.0007118768,0.0003069318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959219,0.002985362,0.0003527464,0.0005341787,0.0001542126,0.00005162498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006954858,0.0003228518,0.02106389,0.0001542786,0.00004888044,0.00004798792,0.003107926,0.0000296935,0.4415198,0.513941,0.0006755117,0.01901865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003578816,0.001305924,0.6854136,0.0004496253,0.0001270484,0.00002450041,0.002841018,0.004882038,0.1397203,0.07747883,0.08351933,0.0006589474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9325053,0.0001668253,0.004314319,0.06043774,0.0003660964,0.0004483038,0.00004133608,0.0001429032,0.001577164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910433,0.001016038,0.0006213955,0.007034999,0.0001007899,0.00004655357,0.00001286484,0.00002138055,0.0001026452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6643497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970227,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1533148873","doi":"10.1023/a:1026570907667","title":"Dualism and its Importance for Medicine","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Empathy and Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Dualism; History of medicine; Epistemology; Medicine; Engineering ethics; Alternative medicine; Philosophy; Psychiatry; Engineering; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1261801694731072,"gpt":0.4435776742379407,"spread":0.3173975047648335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001043275,0.0005647588,0.003635024,0.0003598052,0.00008578161,0.000005868199,0.0001440409,0.0004759011,0.002056579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001876111,0.0003413495,0.0003126194,0.0004350401,0.0002601986,0.00005425089,0.00002437961,0.0006110359,0.00003950809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008825997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004908012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001006738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001929002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971278,0.00008327131,0.00116032,0.0006825314,0.0004983107,0.0004477167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977291,0.0005857494,0.0003876734,0.0004931035,0.0001337564,0.0006706502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003712667,0.00007653012,0.00000112496,0.02849328,0.0002517626,0.00004632134,0.00106814,2.471715e-9,5.843269e-7,0.0003615677,0.02032263,0.9493409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001862327,0.0007055799,0.000008876244,0.02787347,0.007866143,0.000718614,0.0002898201,0.000006714065,0.000001000174,0.0002150623,0.9601913,0.0002611003],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000481038,0.9884499,0.00001763368,0.003606374,0.0008115976,0.002619063,0.00004398038,0.00007195521,0.00433144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0000152491,0.9792708,0.0002586646,0.002413037,0.003871463,0.0005112694,0.001590518,0.00008851044,0.01198047],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9490798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1487011369","doi":"10.1023/a:1014462116530","title":"The Ethics of Alpha: Reflections on Statistics, Evidence and Values in Medicine","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Observational study; Normative; Argument (complex analysis); Health care; Epistemology; Evidence-based medicine; Value (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Psychology; Statistician; Positive economics; Alternative medicine; Medicine; Statistics; Political science; Law; Computer science; Philosophy; Mathematics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7525166777175849,"gpt":0.579402803292525,"spread":0.1731138744250599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03155492,0.0001324871,0.0007979097,0.0003108917,0.0002065517,0.00001304436,0.0001845593,0.0001012646,0.0001900219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03561832,0.0001074824,0.00002701532,0.0003284023,0.0004655278,0.000137871,0.00002873121,0.0004020913,0.00009007833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001646663,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008325962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002901055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001468481,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960262,0.0005281553,0.002694209,0.0003324148,0.0001657782,0.0002532144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875671,0.01075006,0.001053519,0.0004239958,0.00009852333,0.0001068223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001234066,0.0001544997,0.08638886,0.0005006769,0.0001432746,0.000007669253,0.01892611,0.0001120949,0.00003929353,0.8232507,0.0674972,0.002856253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003094929,0.001748976,0.3373006,0.002179908,0.00006727925,0.00003546325,0.0110646,0.005281823,0.00001885095,0.3189044,0.3198183,0.0004847918],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1162681,0.05389754,0.02584909,0.788842,0.002155551,0.001251547,0.0001130866,0.0000552748,0.0115678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9437331,0.02818252,0.003753518,0.02081483,0.0007143511,0.00007623309,0.00001381114,0.00003277581,0.00267884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8274651,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2978119654","doi":"10.1007/s11017-019-09502-y","title":"Instrumentalist analyses of the functions of ethics concept-principles: a proposal for synergetic empirical and conceptual enrichment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in medical practice","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Montréal; Montreal Clinical Research Institute","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Kids Brain Health Network","keywords":"Instrumentalism; Philosophy of medicine; Epistemology; Management science; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Philosophy; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2778102889817487,"gpt":0.5388640959515151,"spread":0.2610538069697664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004953819,0.000144744,0.0005501227,0.00006838347,0.0003962842,0.000002045348,0.0002425837,0.0003278707,0.000649357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01767408,0.00008310196,0.00009619819,0.0003009345,0.001987142,0.00006672924,0.0002267882,0.002466746,0.00001206051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007431827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001070381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002982086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008437271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956319,0.002103189,0.0009092232,0.0002665613,0.0008178977,0.000271214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9851747,0.01314274,0.0006419313,0.0004662034,0.0004498131,0.0001246294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007931052,0.000862392,0.4622,0.00502911,0.001323316,0.000002906285,0.09011523,0.0001264947,0.04125763,0.3779048,0.01920813,0.001176945],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02858494,0.006527707,0.1367265,0.006133835,0.006137741,0.00002777077,0.5072613,0.004930102,0.01522246,0.02992563,0.2574283,0.001093729],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9215721,0.001278889,0.004338417,0.05907363,0.002879642,0.003019451,0.0001089118,0.00003813425,0.007690767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911345,0.00007644448,0.002130347,0.004077418,0.0001726644,0.00008610823,0.00001947257,0.00001670348,0.002286382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.417146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145074607","doi":"10.1023/a:1021217908383","title":"The Virtues of Evidence","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Virtue; Philosophy of medicine; Epistemic virtue; Epistemology; Virtue ethics; Identification (biology); Unification; Engineering ethics; Philosophy; Medicine; Computer science; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.9270920882281367,"gpt":0.6464757069139441,"spread":0.2806163813141926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007263692,0.0001112592,0.0003380115,0.00005971979,0.0006244729,0.000003843645,0.0003397403,0.0001031757,0.001697652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01733125,0.0000538849,0.00004781071,0.0003272243,0.0002983625,0.000202363,0.00009743175,0.0007507493,0.0007852606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006534067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000103483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009476738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002929778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952575,0.002704362,0.0008514224,0.0001932816,0.0005822123,0.0004112533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9865736,0.01175564,0.0005156312,0.0006635265,0.0003333405,0.0001582767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002803652,0.0002677756,0.2200294,0.002200594,0.0002522515,0.00003790969,0.02956335,0.000001331076,0.004228562,0.02159539,0.2373018,0.4842412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007301747,0.0003981541,0.06058855,0.001457881,0.000119216,0.00000409923,0.007660843,0.0002631965,0.0002142136,0.001544217,0.9268739,0.0001455873],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3673553,0.06767844,0.0008055439,0.5295422,0.0041915,0.001914283,0.00001040334,0.0002214019,0.02828092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9629054,0.009387702,0.0003802389,0.01157479,0.0007405094,0.00008153804,0.000001037157,0.00001989999,0.01490887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.689572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["sts"],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W4237563494","doi":"10.1023/a:1009913618140","title":"Schizophrenia Epigenesis?","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"BRCA gene mutations in cancer","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming); Epigenesis; Psychology; Disease; Psychosis; Developmental psychology; Psychiatry; Genetics; Biology; Medicine; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03372447844223241,"gpt":0.3433256635097781,"spread":0.3096011850675457,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002421274,0.0004125589,0.001084199,0.0001491017,0.00006184335,0.00001432759,0.0004162907,0.000401944,0.0006838773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008523257,0.000317827,0.0004034011,0.0002834087,0.000134004,0.00000123531,0.00008232931,0.0002194551,0.0003355153],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006527189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006535101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007492737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007667944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982602,0.0001372448,0.0005129035,0.0006008605,0.0002095972,0.0002791742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987549,0.00002473847,0.0001889425,0.0008736251,0.00004574241,0.0001120492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001039523,0.00001767284,4.003006e-7,0.001066333,0.0002805032,0.000006792027,0.000004340388,0.000001315491,0.00002154223,0.000008456605,0.01565365,0.9829286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002923124,0.00009807797,0.000001291744,0.0011521,0.001044885,0.0000766866,0.000002870505,4.57576e-7,0.0000760238,0.00001601869,0.996933,0.0003062384],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001340616,0.9955078,0.0001525406,0.00005051191,0.0005829519,0.0004106398,0.00005509772,0.00002340732,0.003203618],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000007050025,0.9892504,0.0009701083,0.0002094144,0.002192595,0.0001909075,0.0009761425,0.00009690739,0.006106433],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9826224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990287531","doi":"10.1007/s11017-019-09510-y","title":"Conscience-based refusal of patient care in medicine: a consequentialist analysis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","field":"Medicine","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Conscience; Conscientious objector; Compromise; Philosophy of medicine; Health care; Accommodation; Medicine; Lottery; Law; Public relations; Nursing; Law and economics; Sociology; Political science; Psychology; Economics; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01620280570246364,"gpt":0.3226789316470007,"spread":0.3064761259445371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006568714,0.0001486979,0.0009395543,0.0007957141,0.00002285673,0.000002096381,0.00007528328,0.00007207582,0.001098251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004837516,0.0001033098,0.0001238002,0.001697498,0.0004212093,0.00004138128,0.00001290716,0.0001938097,0.00001917507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001249481,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003249322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001114554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001693476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978708,0.0001286997,0.0006678781,0.0004412037,0.0006264921,0.0002649363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985387,0.0001089479,0.0002476173,0.0005651572,0.0003724666,0.0001670847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001992339,0.0003012867,0.9104586,0.0009122661,0.0003584072,0.00009087058,0.003378698,0.0002549483,0.06015507,0.0005402355,0.0004587396,0.02109857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02469126,0.01464064,0.8865389,0.001541764,0.005234289,0.00005695684,0.01370058,0.003471773,0.0232349,0.000144167,0.02622009,0.000524638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9876508,0.002965934,0.0002378734,0.004486001,0.0003328092,0.0008157125,0.00000638482,0.00002279327,0.003481727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977232,0.00004445876,0.0003562803,0.001464249,0.0001206268,0.00002459869,0.00008327622,0.000009213455,0.000174152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03692017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998149,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111341012","doi":"10.1007/s11017-012-9230-4","title":"Defining “quality of care” persuasively","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Health care; Quality (philosophy); Public relations; Terminology; Government (linguistics); Meaning (existential); Philosophy of medicine; Psychology; Political science; Business; Medicine; Law; Alternative medicine; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4470783772591145,"gpt":0.484974364347479,"spread":0.0378959870883645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01830092,0.0001535223,0.001282147,0.0002618476,0.00008560014,0.000008629608,0.0001919263,0.0001002719,0.0009155966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007087171,0.0001709836,0.0001448244,0.0001997188,0.000115837,0.000323852,0.00004302403,0.0001467188,0.00135778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002357731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006639212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008498327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002293982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953493,0.0002892435,0.003529418,0.0002794259,0.0001309376,0.0004216379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961641,0.001033448,0.002028871,0.0004560472,0.0000883853,0.000229142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000229549,0.00009602428,0.5074952,0.0007444074,0.0001150622,2.412949e-7,0.01336424,0.000009877584,0.00003231322,0.4701245,0.007356934,0.0006381827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002945898,0.0002927707,0.7920655,0.0001959644,0.00005592264,0.000008196914,0.02120132,0.0001703847,0.0002089499,0.004513725,0.1777208,0.0006206092],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8410301,0.07963096,0.00558274,0.0154938,0.002045077,0.0006163228,0.0002777633,0.00007956551,0.05524366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889962,0.000105837,0.004598903,0.005346507,0.0004840991,0.00003067016,0.00003828225,0.00002367438,0.0003758025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4656108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1971992487","doi":"10.1007/s11017-015-9320-1","title":"Health, homeostasis, and the situation-specificity of normality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Normality; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Pathology; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08103598415379419,"gpt":0.3038312250860571,"spread":0.2227952409322629,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001402402,0.00006347126,0.0002481026,0.00003165935,0.0001516064,0.00001071414,0.00006121408,0.00001216438,0.000321419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003699252,0.00003363602,0.0000239184,0.00002979612,0.0004600343,0.00004844884,0.00001524647,0.00008173091,0.00001322507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001307727,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006301281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003090704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001758136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991637,0.0001266957,0.0002924901,0.00008281687,0.0002128996,0.0001213582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994286,0.00009113522,0.0001326201,0.0001440138,0.00006799438,0.0001356032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005389918,0.0001133573,0.002047932,0.0003244484,0.00004351132,6.084243e-7,0.1029773,5.644511e-7,7.060345e-7,0.7645582,0.06847123,0.06092313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006483157,0.0005717524,0.006967491,0.0000849867,0.00005672943,0.000008228969,0.03025278,0.00008609451,0.00001875796,0.02146115,0.9338816,0.0001273111],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6061146,0.09601168,0.0003476058,0.161478,0.004636254,0.001314157,0.0001259319,0.00007228944,0.1298995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943843,0.0004949997,0.00007073447,0.003723909,0.0005931513,0.000006448241,0.00001672324,0.000004041282,0.000705715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8654103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.467224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060345119","doi":"10.1007/s11017-013-9275-z","title":"Intervening in the psychopath’s brain","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Psychopathy; Dysfunctional family; Harm; Recidivism; Aggression; Antisocial personality disorder; Personality; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Poison control; Injury prevention; Social psychology; Medicine; Medical emergency","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1010811977167196,"gpt":0.3609045623852525,"spread":0.259823364668533,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001016793,0.0001204921,0.0001674061,0.0002040692,0.00009150781,0.00004607463,0.0005518863,0.00004129489,0.001408744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004289932,0.00007370149,0.00003943929,0.0009396488,0.0004227994,0.0001608786,0.00006184885,0.0005585375,0.0004593918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002081783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000156501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006175925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001621032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981698,0.0003058838,0.0004171597,0.0003185062,0.000500148,0.0002884409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998406,0.0009935376,0.0001050634,0.0004065082,0.00003517486,0.00005371189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008252517,0.0002788798,0.0004624938,0.0000337208,0.000005053632,0.0000647163,0.002999168,0.000001475962,0.8421732,0.02132861,0.1038529,0.02879153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008486075,0.002251962,0.0716906,0.0008883097,0.00007605913,0.000295711,0.004036784,0.003752909,0.2362987,0.1518683,0.5190516,0.001303039],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7373649,0.0000736101,0.004616947,0.2394286,0.001108166,0.0008145274,0.00000303683,0.0001054464,0.01648482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9286633,0.00001241186,0.0001620468,0.06934723,0.0001973363,0.0001188437,0.000001897665,0.0000121536,0.001484755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6058744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042748951","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9126-0","title":"“You are our only hope”: Trading metaphorical “magic bullets” for stem cell “superheroes”","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"King's University College; Western University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; MAGIC (telescope); Metaphor; History; Philosophy; Medicine; Linguistics; Alternative medicine; Pathology; Astronomy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03879788588399967,"gpt":0.3037873229950675,"spread":0.2649894371110678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001057518,0.0003047198,0.0008928475,0.0002482893,0.0001316301,0.00002139022,0.00015818,0.0003505794,0.0001383693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000102982,0.0002004254,0.0002989043,0.0004641911,0.000173911,0.00006332319,0.00001914836,0.0005976947,0.00004002428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001016032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001509477,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001307497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002982797,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975291,0.00007173591,0.0006034275,0.0005009735,0.0008013782,0.0004933307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985691,0.0001134286,0.0001780391,0.0004116477,0.0002075566,0.0005202396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001874725,0.003176022,0.001878381,0.001718408,0.000881821,0.000564725,0.003194364,0.00001213897,0.1374549,0.0125002,0.2337583,0.602986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0249532,0.008285282,0.0378543,0.001217162,0.004012215,0.0006482671,0.00611685,0.012684,0.01401123,0.006797273,0.8822215,0.00119873],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2551872,0.01783635,0.03722911,0.6742677,0.002581996,0.00313927,0.00004632229,0.000486843,0.009225229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9767486,0.0002625955,0.003143875,0.007887278,0.001431935,0.00001470456,0.00007278792,0.00003998835,0.0103982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7215615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.817311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1991938729","doi":"10.1007/s11017-012-9210-8","title":"Genetics and bioethics: How our thinking has changed since 1969","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Bioethics; Philosophy of medicine; Eugenics; Human genetics; Genetic testing; Amniocentesis; Principal (computer security); Genetic counseling; Medical genetics; Engineering ethics; Genetics; Medicine; Prenatal diagnosis; Alternative medicine; Biology; Engineering; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.127639400062639,"gpt":0.3350580864948103,"spread":0.2074186864321713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000829512,0.0001910908,0.0003980567,0.000116269,0.0001376908,0.00003374161,0.00009047799,0.0001522498,0.00001660219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001312014,0.0001394162,0.00004754395,0.0001857579,0.0002358911,0.00008930022,0.0001031111,0.0003997185,0.00002412909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002722671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004262715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001134077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000173717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986575,0.00005916838,0.0001741503,0.0002103718,0.0004677424,0.000431059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988754,0.0002069636,0.00008554858,0.0003181431,0.00008367781,0.000430295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004838985,0.000834033,0.7957851,0.001083871,0.0008403892,0.0004304124,0.01402178,0.00000399997,0.01684138,0.007982322,0.04298982,0.118703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01342704,0.003111623,0.6302153,0.002818724,0.003939559,0.001624235,0.01008116,0.002032591,0.03627299,0.001128107,0.293945,0.001403627],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5410436,0.09851842,0.01177752,0.342019,0.002066023,0.001005167,0.00003449009,0.0004780968,0.003057647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983902,0.0008596031,0.00949277,0.003515525,0.001672053,0.000009315735,0.00003767535,0.00002837531,0.000482668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4428584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5685228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2293619125","doi":"10.1023/a:1024694828858","title":"Healthy Children As Subjects in Pharmaceutical Research","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","field":"Medicine","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Medicine; Pharmaceutical sciences; Alternative medicine; Psychology; Pharmacology; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2440566855065404,"gpt":0.5439346015773704,"spread":0.29987791607083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00408949,0.0001684172,0.0004973366,0.0002000551,0.0001437405,0.00001259791,0.0001044859,0.00009092333,0.002120749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003478992,0.000121344,0.00006292187,0.001032311,0.000298147,0.00008296797,0.00005431856,0.00131426,0.0004740016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001461425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001891337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002974319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002002371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969721,0.0006064272,0.0003789733,0.0004007268,0.0008571144,0.0007847023],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981565,0.0008579501,0.00004269143,0.0002727047,0.0001285143,0.0005415709],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005950224,0.003500097,0.8513819,0.0005027303,0.000772572,0.001854831,0.001375124,0.000002807753,0.008737958,0.02059012,0.03325532,0.07207631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01265616,0.002128867,0.1532833,0.0001755128,0.0002774911,0.0008118303,0.0005199915,0.00008876273,0.007325484,0.00131612,0.821153,0.0002634458],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8233849,0.01649001,0.00001287186,0.03454681,0.0002753827,0.0008109713,0.000001591623,0.00004751198,0.1244299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850414,0.003518333,0.0002641122,0.009900753,0.000318102,0.00004014292,0.000006850334,0.00002288014,0.0008873724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7878978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037245437","doi":"10.1007/s11017-013-9262-4","title":"Are explanatory trials ethical? Shifting the burden of justification in clinical trial design","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Clinical trial; Philosophy of medicine; Value (mathematics); Psychological intervention; Psychology; Test (biology); Health care; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Nursing; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.8697760170773067,"gpt":0.6613681178079848,"spread":0.2084078992693219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1152981,0.0001762614,0.001596294,0.0002192138,0.00006441425,0.00001832564,0.0004645275,0.00102704,0.0008940838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4222215,0.00009556841,0.0003024474,0.0005490986,0.0009984738,0.00005222574,0.0001110919,0.005527949,0.0001366615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006133741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005006591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004637338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002678421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9883941,0.004986868,0.003808109,0.0005272246,0.001886193,0.0003975007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7119849,0.2797061,0.003070252,0.00261542,0.001950562,0.000672798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.2511489,0.006711494,0.04113859,0.005377699,0.003691975,0.0006333339,0.01805804,0.0005378332,0.03442402,0.04530057,0.209268,0.3837096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.4661246,0.01843821,0.2529184,0.01037855,0.004096587,0.00005278747,0.03317782,0.01833783,0.007900986,0.1670685,0.0201838,0.001322013],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7314419,0.001501529,0.005124426,0.251851,0.001534877,0.006610992,0.000004473456,0.00007169702,0.001859141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893864,0.0006871319,0.002350736,0.003727025,0.002632589,0.0002587104,0.000007831542,0.00002947534,0.0009200901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3823875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078781240","doi":"10.1007/s11017-005-5752-3","title":"Challenges for Global Health in the 21st Century: Some Upstream Considerations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Health and Conflict Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Upstream (networking); Medicine; Computer science; Alternative medicine; Telecommunications; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1433292233959692,"gpt":0.4732788456743338,"spread":0.3299496222783646,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001695485,0.0001484696,0.0004439119,0.00005710683,0.0008760347,0.000004076159,0.0001039635,0.00008465301,0.00005389852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004164002,0.00008867554,0.00004955524,0.0001517815,0.00008542553,0.00004896799,0.00002722814,0.0002931849,0.00003724656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001675898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005181574,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001854271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005348743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978067,0.0004165006,0.0006572321,0.0002328812,0.0002009046,0.0006858087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981726,0.001172133,0.0001758778,0.0002821149,0.00009291638,0.0001043333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003955822,0.0002063253,0.004553842,0.0004408674,0.00003079103,0.000004397062,0.01519446,0.000002163662,0.000002423264,0.886832,0.06019189,0.03250127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001848984,0.0002062616,0.07709975,0.0001281041,0.00002200059,0.00000332794,0.01892314,0.00001078934,4.546748e-7,0.01786554,0.8838127,0.00007893788],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003505403,0.0562301,0.00008604641,0.8902001,0.001031118,0.002607412,0.00009566759,0.00008172049,0.04616244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8188989,0.01729354,0.0004943157,0.1581205,0.003149847,0.001376885,0.0001047833,0.00002207661,0.0005390655],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8689665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.673784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2732153539","doi":"10.1007/s11017-017-9410-3","title":"Re-evaluating concepts of biological function in clinical medicine: towards a new naturalistic theory of disease","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Naturalism; Epistemology; Philosophy of medicine; Normative; Function (biology); Disease; Ontology; Philosophy of science; Psychology; Cognitive science; Philosophy; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3204108286472391,"gpt":0.4833730032873513,"spread":0.1629621746401122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002430058,0.0001114729,0.0004937725,0.00006898334,0.0001307349,0.000006349301,0.0002003975,0.00005303504,0.004208433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002190137,0.00006534847,0.00008066517,0.00002273386,0.001103546,0.00006220359,0.00003776011,0.0002059253,0.000006089874],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001098738,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001235884,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001000174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003462381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998301,0.0002776093,0.0008000762,0.0001876434,0.0002733561,0.0001603162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984772,0.0003881018,0.0005106396,0.0003525882,0.00007655099,0.0001949592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007496855,0.0004614219,0.1525317,0.001100406,0.0001517336,0.00001625757,0.01630541,0.000001207879,0.00009331995,0.4297526,0.01775384,0.3743352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008823285,0.006131885,0.8412921,0.00189777,0.0004560355,9.648887e-7,0.01260917,0.000242158,0.00001876483,0.1049666,0.0232944,0.0002668821],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.949621,0.00585407,0.0000899333,0.005987178,0.004985253,0.0004018347,0.00002445415,0.00001917215,0.03301706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951415,0.0001250062,0.00006602353,0.001219071,0.001809529,0.000005011297,0.00002562666,0.000006202061,0.001602013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6887604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9967018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2057359240","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9104-6","title":"Contextualizing clinical research: the epistemological role of clinical equipoise","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mistake; Epistemology; Clinical equipoise; Miller; Constructive; Context (archaeology); Philosophy of medicine; Research ethics; Bioethics; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Philosophy of science; Psychology; Clinical trial; Philosophy; Medicine; Political science; Law; Alternative medicine; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.8102676351094683,"gpt":0.6810200221602428,"spread":0.1292476129492255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.06242361,0.0001908545,0.001495574,0.0002025597,0.0001630149,0.00001115541,0.0004411845,0.0003776264,0.0005444623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3244375,0.00009217095,0.0003926273,0.000755218,0.002340574,0.00005677756,0.0001187714,0.002926335,0.0001552561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006220847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003020277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001048181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006535838,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899998,0.003064869,0.002414162,0.0005067278,0.002532917,0.001481534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9751468,0.01339933,0.0004052212,0.001485304,0.001167053,0.00839626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002619016,0.001459134,0.02787147,0.0001136642,0.0001339278,0.0004175073,0.0003131844,1.196575e-7,0.001376751,0.006106769,0.09454862,0.8650398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008196408,0.01754578,0.3167245,0.0007456251,0.0001915662,0.000188166,0.001427198,0.0004452171,0.0004074926,0.005155941,0.6488233,0.0001488331],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7021163,0.008824348,0.000265254,0.2395413,0.0005647771,0.001710786,0.00000642463,0.00008792018,0.04688289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9626758,0.002319399,0.0005165522,0.03091921,0.002192674,0.00001407748,0.00001216246,0.00001535794,0.001334836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.864891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995851186","doi":"10.1023/b:meta.0000006922.00289.a9","title":"Disability or end-of-life? Competing narratives in bioethics","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Manitoba","funders":"University of Manitoba","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Bioethics; Narrative; Disconnection; Action (physics); Simple (philosophy); Medical law; Psychology; Aesthetics; Medicine; Sociology; Epistemology; Literature; Political science; Law; Psychiatry; Philosophy; Alternative medicine; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.307126302725035,"gpt":0.5158124452133026,"spread":0.2086861424882676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005219904,0.0006009375,0.005416735,0.0003370463,0.00006716585,0.000008703273,0.0002756534,0.001034801,0.0009960831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006828445,0.0003620338,0.0004709176,0.001533584,0.001787016,0.00004368145,0.00009020459,0.003692387,0.00001975659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002816273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002891886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006704388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003598949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940808,0.001354139,0.002430327,0.0007114638,0.0008982844,0.0005250088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946118,0.002966845,0.0007879469,0.0009274934,0.0002598008,0.0004460916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001079348,0.0006472244,0.003293219,0.2324139,0.000342595,0.0002392294,0.004427895,2.231111e-7,2.697178e-7,0.002783621,0.0002830191,0.7554609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008922174,0.0004880295,0.00006161294,0.0268975,0.0008437097,0.00006761192,0.001815375,0.000002544368,3.979819e-7,0.0001150866,0.9685293,0.0002865783],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001209486,0.9915007,0.00001947393,0.002781686,0.0007713593,0.001495987,0.00004640271,0.00003803783,0.003225436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007256265,0.9945229,0.002449224,0.0006164278,0.0008327557,0.00007372723,0.0001631419,0.00007676238,0.0005394761],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9682463,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999171,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066915045","doi":"10.1007/s11017-005-5753-2","title":"Arms Trade and its Impact on Global Health","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Health and Conflict Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Paul's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Torture; Philosophy of medicine; Population; Sexual abuse; Development economics; Environmental health; Economic growth; Medicine; Poison control; Suicide prevention; Political science; Human rights; Economics; Law; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07201313964206955,"gpt":0.5209236549124201,"spread":0.4489105152703505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000758344,0.0001814719,0.0005211875,0.00005560089,0.0004744707,0.000002298751,0.00006538261,0.00008595272,0.0001755483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001234425,0.0001100571,0.00004418638,0.0002222646,0.00004683515,0.00003141481,0.00002843029,0.0003692584,0.0001362955],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002483475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003531215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002121261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001347602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980575,0.0002192771,0.0005074203,0.0002345345,0.0002648912,0.0007164058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990391,0.0002460212,0.0001593584,0.0001650677,0.00003063117,0.0003598554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008471474,0.0005337557,0.313769,0.00197584,0.0002648341,0.00007228592,0.02933239,0.00001679118,0.0001574886,0.01723868,0.5340407,0.101751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001748985,0.000678311,0.7255034,0.0001988089,0.00002218456,0.000004597258,0.0008178514,0.00007540916,0.000003482583,0.0002917798,0.2705567,0.00009851404],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6314661,0.0189184,0.00008863816,0.3352139,0.0008368812,0.001108395,0.00009411032,0.0001602763,0.01211329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9562118,0.0007206324,0.00004360352,0.04120231,0.001051121,0.00005020845,0.0000194631,0.00001222982,0.0006886158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4117344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4487998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W563316694","doi":"10.1007/s11017-015-9330-z","title":"A fallacious jar? The peculiar relation between descriptive premises and normative conclusions in neuroethics","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre; University of Ottawa","funders":"Taipei Medical University; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Neuroethics; Normative; Psychology; Interpretation (philosophy); Epistemology; Philosophy of medicine; Neurolaw; Relation (database); Sociology; Neuroscience; Cognition; Philosophy; Medicine; Computer science; Social neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2888715706345234,"gpt":0.3348285241648787,"spread":0.04595695353035534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005848828,0.0001012924,0.0001704623,0.00006780274,0.0001243556,0.00001010289,0.000139027,0.00005377638,0.000009348192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001371967,0.00006037072,0.00001891583,0.0002136073,0.0004419498,0.0001212111,0.00009476193,0.0003537298,0.00002761097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004197543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003340932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006181506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001873369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987732,0.0003257589,0.0002033616,0.0002214987,0.0003202053,0.0001559376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991718,0.0004721548,0.00007610742,0.0001282013,0.0000436761,0.0001080443],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001447806,0.001218681,0.4378348,0.0001442643,0.0001820977,0.0008558974,0.2713097,0.0009777907,0.1280378,0.06829046,0.05192704,0.03777366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007320118,0.001702206,0.8852226,0.0002473946,0.0002082596,0.0002711888,0.007933966,0.002305975,0.008654787,0.05288743,0.03273712,0.0005090139],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9564831,0.0002133867,0.0004839775,0.03631413,0.0002585143,0.0002798745,0.000009157257,0.00002839979,0.005929424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955896,0.00008704112,0.0001017288,0.003794999,0.00009489465,0.00001221645,0.000003598228,0.000005440299,0.000310497],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4473877,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2461846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980515574","doi":"10.1007/s11017-011-9200-2","title":"Normativity unbound: Liminality in palliative care ethics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Hermeneutics and Narrative Identity","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Liminality; Phronesis; Palliative care; Context (archaeology); Philosophy of medicine; Epistemology; Sociology; Nursing; Medicine; Philosophy; Anthropology; History; Alternative medicine; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2435930643307966,"gpt":0.3259101782706058,"spread":0.08231711393980923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000706387,0.0001333771,0.0002721736,0.0001014207,0.0001990732,0.00003167749,0.0001335748,0.00005924389,0.003386446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002676641,0.0001012597,0.00005243793,0.0000675522,0.0004065715,0.0001642275,0.00004492139,0.0004820449,0.0001010098],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006761181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006647641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00602057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08842853,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988781,0.0002054616,0.0002757714,0.0001727021,0.0002617823,0.0002061738],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992887,0.0001397639,0.00009346607,0.0001878453,0.0002229083,0.00006735398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004707516,0.0002073801,0.03838273,0.0001797021,0.00005800814,0.00004267961,0.7897553,3.618524e-7,0.00004482605,0.1675072,0.000766266,0.003008531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002142683,0.0007850568,0.5095616,0.0002978666,0.0001938364,0.000001380844,0.1239956,0.00008822799,0.001500591,0.02875825,0.3320184,0.000656563],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8349895,0.0004569375,0.00004762375,0.0008949814,0.0006392768,0.0002120416,0.00002907976,0.00003913155,0.1626914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973655,0.00006517798,0.00005171302,0.0006979337,0.0002235524,0.00001519813,0.00001344444,0.000009054337,0.001558467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6657597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W18347793","doi":"10.1023/a:1020851509738","title":"The Painter and the Cameraman: Boundaries in Clinical Relationships","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Empathy and Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Closeness; Philosophy of medicine; Painting; Boundary (topology); Nursing; Aesthetics; Psychology; Medicine; Art history; Philosophy; History; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07593235704727548,"gpt":0.3500083368045206,"spread":0.2740759797572452,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004444847,0.00008355713,0.0002723566,0.00003960715,0.0003075207,0.00003239433,0.00006846261,0.00007458546,0.000252039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009814373,0.00003466078,0.00005869396,0.0001762385,0.002184836,0.00003667414,0.00002208645,0.0007410659,0.00003091794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001998279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000504044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006940473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009397326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985445,0.0004261542,0.0004716567,0.0001487848,0.0002377876,0.0001710927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972323,0.002232763,0.00007521853,0.0002845796,0.0000467463,0.0001283776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001391103,0.0006616545,0.1788819,0.000112446,0.0003248729,0.0001054528,0.1639821,5.511198e-7,0.000008222239,0.04409594,0.1855072,0.4249285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01068183,0.0003641358,0.3392136,0.0002364387,0.0003610702,0.0002039138,0.03384229,0.002855768,0.000007020773,0.004282879,0.6078379,0.0001132165],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6542338,0.01970861,0.0001141638,0.3122771,0.001078594,0.0005736169,5.496752e-7,0.0000257327,0.01198789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865386,0.002013027,0.00009105453,0.005873153,0.0005288543,0.00003405089,0.000005420854,0.000007081142,0.004908695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4248153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205612715","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09548-x","title":"Transposon dynamics and the epigenetic switch hypothesis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Epigenetics; Enthusiasm; Transposable element; Biology; Inheritance (genetic algorithm); Evolutionary dynamics; Evolutionary biology; Heredity; Genetics; Genome; Sociology; Psychology; Population","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01405648019523991,"gpt":0.191442951569112,"spread":0.177386471373872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001600857,0.00006803226,0.0001450402,0.000002957932,0.0001292238,0.00001774771,0.00007600954,0.0000310954,0.000680087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009395201,0.00001774069,0.00004815739,0.000204536,0.00009962848,0.0000124555,0.00001893095,0.00005594658,0.00001043387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005741787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007222795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009479823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002058182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994277,0.00007402997,0.0001209881,0.000145208,0.0001209751,0.0001110595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994412,0.0004013395,0.00002469617,0.0000479699,0.00003523631,0.00004956234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005760705,0.0001072985,0.008438059,0.0000133644,0.00009840089,0.00002520765,0.0005524045,0.000006815787,0.1293421,0.01547477,0.0001415112,0.8457425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002035267,0.0002155797,0.9283883,0.00003983816,0.0003857149,0.0001216658,0.001298389,0.003223812,0.009470112,0.03135043,0.02320018,0.0002707362],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9371256,0.002470941,0.00006496353,0.05844795,0.00009262383,0.00009808749,0.00001696337,0.0000175672,0.001665264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970038,0.0005398388,0.0002304875,0.0008196849,0.0001850594,0.000009598192,0.00002181118,4.839731e-7,0.001189262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9199502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7446476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4206753002","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09552-1","title":"Pain priors, polyeidism, and predictive power: a preliminary investigation into individual differences in ordinary thought about pain","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Medical Research Council; University of Reading","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Phenomenon; Philosophy of medicine; Psychology; Epistemology; Empirical research; Chronic pain; Cognitive psychology; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Psychiatry; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0234770245248623,"gpt":0.2509533327666647,"spread":0.2274763082418024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01020261,0.0002565201,0.000404658,0.0002789285,0.0001372836,0.00006293879,0.0002334262,0.0001038653,0.0000812385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01172622,0.0002090364,0.00004510159,0.0008530532,0.0003346827,0.0002618099,0.0002119536,0.0003383183,0.000006671341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003860241,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007279861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005200817,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000310797,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9911786,0.006942212,0.0003575918,0.0006463731,0.0005319149,0.0003432488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942706,0.005134733,0.0001324806,0.0002811212,0.0000264214,0.0001546558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006413709,0.0003862499,0.7389608,0.0006114907,0.0001200445,0.001424186,0.02056105,0.00001911905,0.08679944,0.001759345,0.01045086,0.1382661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002691987,0.002729356,0.9342697,0.001069359,0.0002231417,0.00004121333,0.003154872,0.02863966,0.01559225,0.005309708,0.005611776,0.000666993],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842236,0.002956113,0.006556684,0.004652065,0.0002378834,0.0006438303,0.00001433768,0.00009659618,0.0006188579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938071,0.0003544124,0.0006047099,0.004063143,0.0001122306,0.00007996458,0.00005079574,0.00001898294,0.0009086267],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1953089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9965984,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2049680927","doi":"10.1007/s11017-015-9317-9","title":"Placebo orthodoxy and the double standard of care in multinational clinical research","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Orthodoxy; Philosophy of medicine; Placebo; Bioethics; Medicine; Double standard; Clinical trial; Multinational corporation; Declaration of Helsinki; Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases; Alternative medicine; Law; Informed consent; Family medicine; Sociology; Political science; Philosophy; Population; Internal medicine; Health services","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7678113905343247,"gpt":0.6959837559962861,"spread":0.07182763453803853,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.06930074,0.00009791807,0.0007477815,0.0002471707,0.00005336819,0.000009949656,0.0002294562,0.0002605885,0.00009468695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09244234,0.00005390488,0.00008096416,0.0005634932,0.003234655,0.00003825037,0.0002897455,0.002955679,0.00001342522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001035136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0013527,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002867508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009285416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942353,0.001203267,0.0009448492,0.000356451,0.002941415,0.0003187299],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9651814,0.03090527,0.0001089789,0.0005722668,0.002869287,0.0003627574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.1545758,0.0005136931,0.6242192,0.001140834,0.0002534394,0.0002334794,0.009861671,0.00001448971,0.00008275757,0.1715108,0.005686187,0.03190772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.4269613,0.02075182,0.3057671,0.003532604,0.0004527918,0.0001110008,0.04291602,0.002164714,0.001387012,0.1071616,0.08834789,0.000446142],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8996229,0.007087955,0.0001421621,0.05716762,0.0003228649,0.001754715,0.00001144276,0.00002102589,0.03386938],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927401,0.001143342,0.00321393,0.0003697236,0.0003377846,0.0000452648,0.00001250842,0.00001655295,0.002120779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.318452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084850726","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9098-0","title":"A dialogical exploration of the grey zone of health and illness: medical science, anthropology, and Plato on alcohol consumption","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; St. Jerome's University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Dialogical self; Medical anthropology; Alcohol consumption; Consumption (sociology); Philosophical anthropology; Sociology of health and illness; History of medicine; Medical science; Medical sociology; Public health; Sociology; Environmental ethics; Anthropology; Social science; Medicine; Epistemology; Philosophy; Alcohol; Political science; Alternative medicine; Nursing; Psychiatry; Law; Health care; Medical education; Pathology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1775728100092125,"gpt":0.4401997014754491,"spread":0.2626268914662366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002040148,0.0001204712,0.0005709131,0.0002200856,0.000193144,0.000003457574,0.00007507433,0.0001014036,0.00009573765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001683165,0.00006789975,0.0000322653,0.0003248578,0.002569462,0.00009551034,0.00003545428,0.0002459693,0.000002270429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000366284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003470012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006146498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001542382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981199,0.0001788985,0.0005055626,0.0002569395,0.0007213915,0.0002173113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988168,0.0002430808,0.0002554053,0.0002318665,0.0001212551,0.0003316236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002422546,0.001603232,0.2306604,0.002049075,0.000122827,0.00004480466,0.0102522,0.00000207072,0.02353026,0.05212951,0.00185982,0.6753232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007816378,0.005850874,0.9778798,0.001470224,0.0001302527,0.0002587939,0.0008655343,0.0006358502,0.002819723,0.0005908163,0.001536181,0.0001456076],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9619011,0.002764663,0.0007534616,0.03353301,0.0002604268,0.0006154556,0.000002776233,0.0000211173,0.0001479876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911131,0.002741894,0.0001514179,0.005885156,0.00006915523,0.000007555327,0.000006126336,0.000004763448,0.00002087963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7472193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9467291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977680853","doi":"10.1007/s11017-007-9044-y","title":"Can Infants Have Interests in Continued Life?","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Commit; Philosophy of medicine; Suspect; Value of life; Value (mathematics); Best interests; Abortion; Position (finance); Psychology; Environmental ethics; Law; Political science; Medicine; Philosophy; Pregnancy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04331650180120174,"gpt":0.3943878441418296,"spread":0.3510713423406279,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002459454,0.0001840892,0.0006151287,0.0003997522,0.00003544895,0.000007862462,0.0001190772,0.0002312988,0.0002671008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002936472,0.000142842,0.00006719277,0.0004094909,0.0001476359,0.00003764934,0.00004815629,0.001037821,0.00002895839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001101227,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002324025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002755942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004686277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979202,0.00006564576,0.0006949003,0.0003090743,0.0004907207,0.0005194641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983838,0.0003620886,0.0001111287,0.0003928736,0.0001858103,0.0005642613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005877575,0.0002316657,0.9425902,0.0003996393,0.00008681576,0.002166983,0.008764302,7.624375e-7,0.0007168071,0.001435904,0.004666993,0.03835222],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00728546,0.0009385066,0.8617337,0.0007491222,0.0001802942,0.0001279927,0.002907446,0.0001337078,0.0009459265,0.000683178,0.1239875,0.000327205],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9466664,0.004326973,0.0001992482,0.02666973,0.0007496314,0.0005113949,0.000005758887,0.00006798586,0.0208029],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864461,0.0002681132,0.0005258632,0.00942171,0.001167705,0.000007642646,0.00002830332,0.00002774777,0.002106783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1193205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5824928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W174663961","doi":"10.1023/a:1022988413047","title":"Paradoxical Drug Response and the Placebo Effect: A Discussion of Grunbaum's Definitional Scheme","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Stipulation; Placebo; Philosophy of medicine; Identity (music); Meaning (existential); Medicine; Psychology; Epistemology; Social psychology; Psychotherapist; Philosophy; Alternative medicine; Political science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01488354877859843,"gpt":0.2578949745773191,"spread":0.2430114257987207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01097677,0.0001427424,0.0003027555,0.00009501049,0.0001297662,0.00001486895,0.0001372006,0.00003281256,0.0001475213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01524169,0.00006050535,0.00006998006,0.0002692498,0.0005969775,0.00006144623,0.00004534141,0.0001809469,0.00002763354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008884253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001815722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003826522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.314142e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993275,0.005631409,0.000217391,0.0002579526,0.0004217082,0.0001964708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9870305,0.01256565,0.00008602429,0.0002332541,0.00001016307,0.00007442341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.05130441,0.0003120919,0.01372783,0.0003305426,0.0001099161,0.0001805895,0.001727716,0.00002334165,0.6045441,0.3011918,0.01878646,0.007761209],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.09001286,0.002179485,0.03342,0.0008755731,0.0009854424,0.0003227202,0.0006342172,0.01771351,0.6229031,0.03392844,0.1957254,0.00129933],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806509,0.00044206,0.001731273,0.009012133,0.0002350204,0.0008956884,0.000006012733,0.00004521941,0.006981702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973232,0.00005579354,0.0001821395,0.0009736061,0.00003597706,0.00004886118,0.00000191429,0.0000091133,0.001369447],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2672634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9930533,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2046126869","doi":"10.1007/s11017-010-9170-9","title":"Statistical decisions and the interim analyses of clinical trials","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Erasmus+; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam","keywords":"Interim; Clinical trial; Philosophy of medicine; Interim analysis; Data monitoring committee; Management science; Medicine; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Medical physics; Alternative medicine; Law; Political science; Economics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.975303311264481,"gpt":0.7753018544398078,"spread":0.2000014568246732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0777152,0.0001760492,0.00314589,0.00007872716,0.00004441059,0.000008516121,0.0003140789,0.0001428598,0.002228067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.8598069,0.00007798074,0.0003370713,0.0002040463,0.002390001,0.00002605866,0.0001699963,0.0004088267,0.00001297541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004500775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004787609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007068457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005158819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9823703,0.01164258,0.004883665,0.000356418,0.0005306027,0.0002164436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.447123,0.5504956,0.001190447,0.0007339902,0.0002012394,0.0002557439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003079963,0.0004118509,0.0009055286,0.00005454198,0.0009307065,0.00002300623,0.0004033249,2.180326e-8,0.0001239168,0.769486,0.006609769,0.2179714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005855354,0.0004297497,0.005904311,0.0001145998,0.002090793,0.000006997741,0.0001823524,0.0001769694,0.000470266,0.9842563,0.000425491,0.00008676469],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01619051,0.0003930811,0.9746989,0.0006780226,0.001225019,0.000689605,0.00008820713,0.00003540465,0.006001226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2074374,0.0003374589,0.7913733,0.0003453744,0.0003407759,0.00002260652,9.40906e-7,0.00001746743,0.0001246816],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7820917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213434050","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09559-2","title":"Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction analysis of disorder and the problem of defining harm to nonsentient organisms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Collège Lionel Groulx; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Harm; Prima facie; Philosophy of medicine; Criticism; Appeal; Philosophy of science; Law and economics; Psychology; Epistemology; Psychiatry; Sociology; Positive economics; Philosophy; Law; Medicine; Social psychology; Political science; Economics; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01794761606288762,"gpt":0.2541311437317029,"spread":0.2361835276688153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003481163,0.00007244726,0.0003295846,0.0001157845,0.0001113017,0.00001072382,0.00004540418,0.00001690624,0.002903786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002489752,0.00004244119,0.0000687938,0.0002144686,0.0001388566,0.0000242832,0.00002909683,0.00006800311,0.000007143896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005032018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002970786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007787056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001700699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991918,0.00006135704,0.0003299428,0.0001264698,0.0001831011,0.0001073086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994667,0.0001093368,0.000112039,0.0001462019,0.0001076683,0.00005801938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001482289,0.0008994575,0.05701754,0.00178881,0.00455419,0.000009085295,0.2330962,0.0001176592,0.001284489,0.6040439,0.01829277,0.07741358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01653577,0.002203295,0.0436548,0.0007449189,0.0167989,0.00001867967,0.1968942,0.001583552,0.004128153,0.006048606,0.7106479,0.0007412867],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9570317,0.004728682,0.001026143,0.01200464,0.0007768357,0.0003270378,0.00005458879,0.00001465542,0.02403577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943516,0.0001097567,0.0004741872,0.0017556,0.00008847041,0.00001162252,0.00004805159,0.000006318313,0.003154426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6923551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980077,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310460539","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09602-2","title":"The religious character of secular arguments supporting euthanasia and what it implies for conscientious practice in medicine","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in medical practice","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Theism; Bioethics; Epistemology; Dignity; Deliberation; Autonomy; Sociology; Public reason; Secularism; Law; Politics; Political science; Philosophy; Democracy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09101177655458884,"gpt":0.5171864722441948,"spread":0.426174695689606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03230401,0.0001677156,0.0005414244,0.00018416,0.001639203,0.00001552903,0.0003396976,0.0001187098,0.000290438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.051846,0.0001106852,0.00004451134,0.0004414989,0.0007587267,0.0004092404,0.0003722858,0.002458796,0.0000046761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001213842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002816653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005005462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001619801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936255,0.002905733,0.001357274,0.0003844097,0.001131539,0.0005955296],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9654574,0.03227545,0.001251385,0.0004665673,0.0003929162,0.000156321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003932343,0.0009889666,0.01829957,0.003056385,0.001332537,0.0005227508,0.3302348,0.00001002085,0.01366474,0.1293826,0.3874472,0.1111281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003546358,0.0005464286,0.0006300436,0.0004649192,0.0003104368,0.00006625162,0.2562998,0.0001628569,0.00004461013,0.0202815,0.71752,0.0001268466],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1194031,0.04683095,0.002490691,0.8089477,0.008224613,0.004299794,0.00003263423,0.00008325827,0.009687308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9288978,0.0165797,0.0006977844,0.05121908,0.0004589498,0.0007509061,0.00005427342,0.00004519277,0.001296346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8094947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4304892083","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09597-w","title":"Death as “benefit” in the context of non-voluntary euthanasia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; McGill University Health Centre","funders":"Fondation du Barreau du Québec","keywords":"Beneficence; Argument (complex analysis); Context (archaeology); Assisted suicide; Autonomy; Principle of double effect; Philosophy of medicine; Right to die; Pain and suffering; Metaphysics; Epistemology; Medicine; Law; Psychology; Philosophy; Political science; Psychiatry; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1412704046882454,"gpt":0.4214893713563544,"spread":0.280218966668109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007333815,0.0001272171,0.0005684932,0.0001937896,0.00003961738,0.000001233823,0.0002072032,0.00003054823,0.0006693709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002292041,0.00008133349,0.0001084564,0.0004645067,0.0001066439,0.00002703607,0.00006509443,0.0002959728,0.00000870105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005451823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008354745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002537176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000607879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985667,0.00009005133,0.0004007145,0.0001723078,0.0005886679,0.0001816004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990833,0.0002852054,0.0001375096,0.0003573326,0.00007922542,0.00005745628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001186576,0.0008889311,0.8946533,0.000393685,0.0005230614,0.0007430352,0.04714395,0.00003005874,0.01205131,0.003900894,0.01418086,0.02430431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01252707,0.00606876,0.4942985,0.001316098,0.001154637,0.0002706008,0.1118202,0.0004914401,0.02045675,0.001185942,0.3500525,0.0003574515],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763351,0.007231046,0.00004019625,0.004028873,0.0001907124,0.0003543067,0.00002317488,0.00001019509,0.01178637],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940008,0.000445621,0.0002503955,0.00435321,0.0001318461,0.00004276951,0.00006228586,0.00001352611,0.0006995323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4003548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7329141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979553582","doi":"10.1007/s11017-009-9119-z","title":"Quality-of-life considerations in substitute decision-making for severely disabled neonates: The problem of developing awareness","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Quality of life (healthcare); Quality (philosophy); Medicine; Psychology; Engineering ethics; Intensive care medicine; Management science; Nursing; Epistemology; Alternative medicine; Philosophy; Engineering; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06810813143178443,"gpt":0.3747032376992373,"spread":0.3065951062674529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001317057,0.0001613541,0.0007158182,0.0001902977,0.00009690249,0.000008012953,0.0001092349,0.00008008325,0.00005400467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001747536,0.00010185,0.00009765653,0.0003910457,0.0001114167,0.00008650451,0.00002230366,0.000141504,6.348976e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004684644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006307682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003409893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001104753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981314,0.00007117636,0.0009974549,0.0002076787,0.0003691273,0.0002231784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972476,0.00179783,0.0002835843,0.0002534248,0.0003653475,0.00005225794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00728245,0.0004326552,0.5209838,0.004290449,0.001254277,0.0001191064,0.04915041,0.0008587859,0.0101774,0.2456568,0.006335138,0.1534588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01994307,0.001044635,0.7702938,0.01144314,0.0006132892,0.0001193846,0.002801279,0.001762096,0.008860347,0.1657953,0.01626006,0.001063593],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596144,0.001256846,0.02716335,0.007646505,0.0002217473,0.00170791,0.00003833048,0.0000376009,0.002313335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9270192,0.0000499136,0.0709722,0.00176118,0.00006137067,0.00003751719,0.00006330814,0.00001005252,0.00002530793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.24931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4153323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1998570890","doi":"10.1007/s11017-004-4804-4","title":"Ethical Reasoning And The Embodied, Socially Situated Subject","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Situated; Philosophy of medicine; Embodied cognition; Subject (documents); Epistemology; Ontology; Sociology; Environmental ethics; Engineering ethics; Medicine; Computer science; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Alternative medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1187775919735823,"gpt":0.3617884733723568,"spread":0.2430108813987745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003950831,0.0004864744,0.002776166,0.0001219152,0.0005872611,0.0001183176,0.0003412993,0.0006110813,0.0004725495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001041177,0.0002490308,0.0005330796,0.00007538324,0.003594052,0.00005215952,0.0001053067,0.002973993,0.0001076774],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004474906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000342067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002989026,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001207029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967175,0.001283595,0.0007793718,0.0004270716,0.0004103339,0.0003821451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966946,0.002119795,0.00049123,0.0004173876,0.0001707604,0.0001062138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001290234,0.00001450469,1.527421e-7,0.00182349,0.0004242845,0.00001082304,0.0099091,2.122028e-8,1.52376e-8,0.5499651,0.003067928,0.4347717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008050938,0.00005247995,3.59669e-7,0.002980931,0.003799836,0.00002861821,0.000688626,0.000004943466,2.913733e-8,0.005266589,0.9861092,0.0002633142],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001624911,0.9093485,0.00001730884,0.004816237,0.001054953,0.0005747379,0.00002224313,0.00008467621,0.08407972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00003944408,0.9763789,0.00008185762,0.003026222,0.006509715,0.00006712627,0.00009428159,0.00006260462,0.01373984],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9830412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2411457593","doi":"10.1007/s11017-016-9366-8","title":"The responsibility to prevent, the duty to educate","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Torture, Ethics, and Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Duty; History of medicine; Medicine; Political science; Engineering ethics; Law; Alternative medicine; Engineering; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05557009350522592,"gpt":0.385526206159907,"spread":0.3299561126546811,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01066533,0.0002636797,0.0004247873,0.00007214052,0.001265667,0.0001069877,0.001475248,0.0004857591,0.0005897173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007522008,0.0001076319,0.0001803175,0.0003551714,0.001204321,0.00004822856,0.0001577784,0.001625676,0.0004734703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002067688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008184274,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002116163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007783156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948847,0.002054283,0.0004193149,0.0005516972,0.001308963,0.0007809935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940971,0.003936897,0.0001680087,0.00130955,0.0002411404,0.0002473781],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002728292,0.000009049029,0.0000175766,0.00001006172,0.00004595696,0.00001058433,0.009676891,4.21045e-8,0.00001089245,0.001546375,0.9758164,0.01282884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007261051,0.00006963932,0.0003584838,0.000096613,0.00008938544,0.000001058587,0.0007343927,3.732495e-8,0.00001608776,0.006723107,0.9916723,0.0001662813],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003331506,0.001241458,0.00006063182,0.9609942,0.005801017,0.001192913,0.00002556451,0.00006218853,0.03028888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008995945,0.0001886014,0.0000383565,0.7015643,0.02500862,0.0001056963,0.000005117426,0.00002465427,0.2721651],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2594299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9734613,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W122794660","doi":"10.1023/a:1026511902210","title":"`Watching' Medicine: Do Bioethicists Respect Patients' Privacy?","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bioethics; Philosophy of medicine; Informed consent; Medical practice; Medical ethics; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Psychology; Medicine; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Sociology; Alternative medicine; Family medicine; Political science; Law; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05730702988295586,"gpt":0.3000690555363611,"spread":0.2427620256534052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001562793,0.0002146943,0.0006209059,0.0003371338,0.0001327468,0.0000214501,0.0003499232,0.0001066797,0.009499249],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005909312,0.0001882259,0.00008381539,0.0004511123,0.0001804237,0.0001236614,0.000052477,0.0003019282,0.002192803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001077576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001616256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004248389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004308445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979351,0.00004970909,0.0009148915,0.0005104496,0.0001306544,0.0004591875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987803,0.000110472,0.0002167186,0.0006294889,0.00003929305,0.0002237288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000132953,0.000365366,0.03056452,0.0002548516,0.0002204799,0.00003384779,0.007206216,0.00001734901,0.000007535486,0.6431656,0.1303173,0.187714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001464568,0.0003181328,0.03276731,0.00006272189,0.00001587377,0.000001675124,0.00004520791,0.00006170553,0.000007207564,0.03801037,0.9270476,0.0001976745],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3096054,0.009078805,0.001637645,0.1976057,0.00198018,0.001137065,0.0001084726,0.0002801588,0.4785666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771328,0.001617092,0.0004402568,0.0104905,0.0007579779,0.00003230422,0.00004122545,0.0000350556,0.009452764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7967303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2885801605","doi":"10.1007/s11017-018-9437-0","title":"Reckoning with the last enemy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Augustinian Studies and Theology","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Soul; Immortality; Philosophy of medicine; Palliative care; Relation (database); Medical law; Epistemology; Medicine; Philosophy; Nursing; Alternative medicine; Psychiatry; Computer science; Theology; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02535201182358482,"gpt":0.2241513779434152,"spread":0.1987993661198304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000189605,0.00008009603,0.0001445274,0.00002368019,0.0004114481,0.0000168902,0.00009838976,0.0000109555,0.003672115],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002467821,0.00003359758,0.00001920614,0.00003146672,0.001281259,0.00002824831,0.00003650043,0.00008296908,0.0001943338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004562793,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008484661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007656391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001350297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995232,0.00002686403,0.00008409791,0.0001042748,0.00009732725,0.0001642423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996175,0.00008626058,0.00004856167,0.000146154,0.00007688739,0.00002463587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008021568,0.00002803196,0.0006402656,0.00001158482,0.0002620952,0.00001776306,0.06910616,4.12139e-7,0.0000335855,0.7889461,0.1245147,0.01635913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002848799,0.000403472,0.0004086557,0.00001738897,0.00006594569,0.000008708074,0.009434542,0.000008647992,0.00002779979,0.0003666835,0.9889181,0.00005515618],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2167453,0.0007065174,0.0004493455,0.01057745,0.0007644464,0.0001280176,0.000002628009,0.00008078343,0.7705455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9713959,0.00001350307,0.00006067541,0.002495146,0.003340467,0.000008884186,0.000001399322,0.00001053423,0.02267353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8644034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964456838","doi":"10.1007/s11017-013-9267-z","title":"On the anthropological foundation of bioethics: a critique of the work of J.-F. Malherbe","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Ethics in medical practice","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Sudbury","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Bioethics; Foundation (evidence); Work (physics); History of medicine; Philosophy; Sociology; Epistemology; Environmental ethics; Medicine; Political science; Law; Alternative medicine; Engineering; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1969250726809025,"gpt":0.5394903077257572,"spread":0.3425652350448548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009076362,0.0001033994,0.0003838766,0.00004892486,0.000308866,0.000001381239,0.0004329167,0.0003388566,0.009125737],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06034358,0.00004368024,0.00007608257,0.0004441542,0.004113148,0.00005549148,0.0001489754,0.003253111,0.00008853355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003066698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00020319,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001723154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005828349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935157,0.004523218,0.000822862,0.0001483356,0.0007796126,0.0002102461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9676014,0.03031011,0.0007253926,0.0006539105,0.0006517527,0.0000574099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001504104,0.0003338114,0.01105361,0.0007389416,0.0001176065,0.000001091969,0.006625402,0.00000305267,0.005639053,0.9348192,0.03751795,0.002999826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002844375,0.001779653,0.1247486,0.006874826,0.0005336562,0.000004032435,0.06330471,0.0002249103,0.01192246,0.7698483,0.01762474,0.0002896776],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4853533,0.000414562,0.002719053,0.4747278,0.00164001,0.001585722,0.000005016489,0.0000246758,0.03352991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880489,0.0002487032,0.0007110672,0.01015821,0.0001579481,0.00006312229,0.000001788898,0.00001108283,0.0005991483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5026957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}