{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":14,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"9c582011f4c8","filters":{"venue":"Meteorological Monographs"}},"results":[{"id":"W2593887101","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0006.1","title":"Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1267,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Forschungszentrum Jülich; European Commission; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Seventh Framework Programme; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ice nucleus; Nucleation; Ice crystals; Troposphere; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Particle (ecology); Sea ice growth processes; Environmental science; Materials science; Ice cloud; Chemical physics; Radiative transfer; Meteorology; Chemistry; Arctic ice pack; Geology; Sea ice; Physics; Thermodynamics; Sea ice thickness","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07031772955237404,"gpt":0.2786008424809731,"spread":0.208283112928599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000239972,0.00009698773,0.0001977247,0.000003279813,0.0003160585,0.00005835151,0.0003992894,0.00007070355,0.002171023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000277635,0.00006745924,0.0001128934,0.00006705001,0.0002894657,0.0001454444,0.0000296945,0.00009322546,0.00003812501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.237644e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005471234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002480223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004346239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992322,0.00004073167,0.0001936794,0.0001860127,0.0001277349,0.0002196552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991897,0.0001695895,0.0001908832,0.0003373495,0.00001936642,0.00009307995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003750133,0.00002345384,0.9329017,0.0000218728,0.00002043952,0.000009683806,0.00005132907,0.0001021454,0.001700316,0.0002065766,0.00006545985,0.06485955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002009526,0.0001489724,0.986983,0.00001760378,0.00001954138,0.000002920409,0.00008036529,0.001473566,0.00531011,0.004208706,0.001426777,0.000127483],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893851,0.0008768198,0.00006238271,0.0001708396,0.00006177547,0.00005455616,0.00001759363,0.00003135939,0.009339579],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952258,0.0001500923,0.004417313,0.0001311812,0.00003724391,8.380534e-7,0.000005877217,0.000001491074,0.00003017365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06473206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2790803537","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0010.1","title":"Cirrus Clouds","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":278,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Sight Research UK; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Natural Environment Research Council; Met Office; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cirrus; Ice crystals; Ice nucleus; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science; Troposphere; Nucleation; Radiative transfer; Cloud physics; Ice cloud; Climatology; Liquid water content; Climate model; Climate change; Geology; Meteorology; Physics; Cloud computing; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01177429406382572,"gpt":0.2149290996760617,"spread":0.203154805612236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002067289,0.0001565988,0.0001680656,0.000001487484,0.0001110851,0.00001348435,0.0003144801,0.0001234274,0.01663636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005227881,0.00007905413,0.0001424612,0.0002798334,0.0004470679,0.00009455695,0.0002119572,0.00007962203,0.001848586],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003351047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001984976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002972866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007512353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987289,0.00007188832,0.0001858886,0.0003758521,0.000223954,0.0004134607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993863,0.00009267301,0.00005349398,0.0002896229,0.000003934573,0.0001739756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006631404,0.0001329981,0.7839921,9.47631e-7,0.00002021011,0.00002680066,0.00006076653,0.00001391315,0.02170124,0.001655868,0.01063524,0.1816936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006660833,0.0005896461,0.8460743,0.00000494188,0.00002132271,0.00001301286,0.00003397466,0.00004840181,0.001871253,0.02195058,0.1283253,0.0004011026],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9659767,0.00006253591,0.006639357,0.0009107429,0.0001311351,0.0001064369,0.000003783179,0.0001457929,0.02602349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936231,0.00006388777,0.004159533,0.0009869818,0.00003864189,0.00003210447,6.500755e-7,0.00001036319,0.001084765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1812925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2460809943","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-15-0037.1","title":"Development and Applications of ARM Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radars","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":151,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Meteorology; Environmental science; Millimeter; Atmospheric physics; Radar; Telecommunications; Atmosphere (unit); Geography; Engineering; Physics; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03033993969283791,"gpt":0.2208776597731981,"spread":0.1905377200803602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003925903,0.00009846007,0.0001737793,0.0001311288,0.00009335683,0.00001340822,0.0001335968,0.00005435804,0.0007331552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003621731,0.00005416241,0.00006759144,0.0002887369,0.0001395515,0.00007470569,0.00001087492,0.00004015658,0.00003642115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001540096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001029984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001291483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008878801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991019,0.00006038529,0.0002554075,0.00021463,0.0001954278,0.0001722962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994642,0.0001868523,0.00009149484,0.0001160764,0.00003939638,0.0001020341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002284113,0.00003040317,0.2362999,0.000005325929,0.00006042435,5.954028e-7,0.00008479091,0.000002158145,0.000770164,0.0001689322,0.000063012,0.7624915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005950714,0.0002687148,0.9356287,0.0000160661,0.00007810332,0.000002437409,0.0002048502,0.0001105946,0.00661782,0.006327039,0.04986295,0.0002876825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989825,0.0005776134,0.007471551,0.0002157504,0.00003963412,0.0001463333,0.00002871194,0.00003368895,0.001661746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.983156,0.0002055307,0.01643832,0.0001090575,0.00002690339,0.000006923472,0.00001817147,0.000001381722,0.00003767322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7622038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8027536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2744893833","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0007.1","title":"Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cloud computing; Computer science; Documentation; Remote sensing; Data processing; Process (computing); Benchmark (surveying); Consistency (knowledge bases); Field (mathematics); Data mining; Algorithm; Data science; Ice cloud; Systems engineering; Database; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02486014061142844,"gpt":0.2555031435309768,"spread":0.2306430029195483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004059615,0.0002049823,0.0003340177,0.000005631297,0.000374784,0.0001453651,0.0005122462,0.00008337604,0.0001257804],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006409876,0.0001414844,0.00002850462,0.0001041596,0.001437523,0.0003367345,0.001248315,0.0001387471,0.000001981593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002663549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007146293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001064668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001707625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984481,0.00005877288,0.0003297863,0.0005891728,0.0001872557,0.0003869322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991897,0.00003791275,0.0001744273,0.0004759809,0.000008036158,0.0001139701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009152941,0.0001596891,0.91883,0.00006706803,0.00001810349,0.0000193936,0.0009874093,0.00001023111,0.05576805,0.00001038449,0.000533608,0.0235045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002642344,0.0006483279,0.9635091,0.0001689431,0.0001221786,0.00005372718,0.001370888,0.006802777,0.01186283,0.002469154,0.009369015,0.0009807366],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967856,0.001290307,0.0002160932,0.0004189596,0.00004875851,0.0003070125,0.00002016551,0.00002753123,0.0008855491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971161,0.000277804,0.002301127,0.0001804273,0.000008999657,0.00002347555,0.00002628848,0.00001091017,0.00005488029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04467904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5769565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912382216","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-18-0020.1","title":"100 Years of Progress in Forecasting and NWP Applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Met Office; Northwest Airlines; Environment and Climate Change Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Meteorology; Weather forecasting; Government (linguistics); Climatology; Global Forecast System; Numerical weather prediction; Earth system science; Environmental science; Computer science; Geography; Geology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02802673492687282,"gpt":0.2490172035156447,"spread":0.2209904685887719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003081699,0.00005724882,0.0001292518,0.00003675036,0.00001699599,0.000006573155,0.0001041387,0.00006577554,0.0003108418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001494812,0.00004912185,0.00003422971,0.0002709034,0.0002222325,0.00006095909,0.0001332314,0.00007633529,0.00002128301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000972608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001248797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003491649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001616636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993407,0.00003884348,0.0001608735,0.0002186962,0.00008738512,0.0001535094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996589,0.00011053,0.00004442438,0.0001433291,0.00000259479,0.00004022222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001492358,0.00008775049,0.9629543,0.000008592197,0.000002306567,6.823062e-7,0.0001235787,0.0001908103,0.000512737,0.0006445337,0.00000404481,0.03545571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003158221,0.0001957021,0.9755763,0.00000671096,0.000007061297,0.000002689239,0.00006481703,0.009156609,0.00009056506,0.01310958,0.001363993,0.0001102001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972065,0.00008316007,0.000139818,0.00005142809,0.00001069784,0.0003530117,0.000004346442,0.0000156105,0.002135399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952222,0.00002071386,0.004626207,0.00004480356,0.000002633622,0.00006966655,0.000002491,0.000003096848,0.000008260412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03534551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.34035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2567656352","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0008.1","title":"Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles and Ice Residuals","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Met Office; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Sublimation (psychology); Ice nucleus; Ice crystals; Water ice; Aerosol; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Materials science; Nucleation; Mineralogy; Environmental science; Geology; Astrobiology; Physics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04395913243644453,"gpt":0.2352758685648126,"spread":0.1913167361283681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003955181,0.0001045126,0.0001767916,0.000005929642,0.00008868767,0.00001590521,0.000131372,0.00007100312,0.0009691224],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002914604,0.00005736124,0.00005086953,0.0001511128,0.0002336918,0.0001110331,0.00001771497,0.00005012321,0.00001677378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":9.271006e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005366603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008582835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003244154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990444,0.00009209905,0.0002226932,0.0002254125,0.0001795467,0.0002358256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992557,0.000392131,0.00008175422,0.0001283777,0.00002800786,0.0001140991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006707658,0.00001686142,0.8859107,0.000009447775,0.00002307676,0.000002739142,0.00005521505,0.0000225703,0.05248407,0.00001332865,0.00004864932,0.0613463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006267867,0.0003878025,0.8746998,0.0000428783,0.00003708018,0.000005961618,0.0001353303,0.0001719215,0.1207562,0.002550821,0.0003616396,0.0002237307],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967564,0.0004979323,0.0001232933,0.0002355227,0.00002847329,0.00006668088,0.00001566029,0.00003602789,0.002239958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943811,0.00005678992,0.005373694,0.0001274697,0.00002308787,0.000001191179,0.000002206631,0.000001779184,0.00003270418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06827216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969676102","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-18-0026.1","title":"A Century of Progress in Severe Convective Storm Research and Forecasting","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Thunderstorm; Storm; Meteorology; Observational study; Nowcasting; Convective storm detection; Severe weather; Tornado; Environmental science; Climatology; Computer science; History; Geography; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07408514255264256,"gpt":0.2873103588840755,"spread":0.2132252163314329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001277556,0.000118318,0.0003190601,0.0002707664,0.00008553873,0.00002398014,0.0001787625,0.0001383533,0.001118604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001481356,0.000079435,0.00005400311,0.0007623499,0.0004134175,0.0001234267,0.00004095704,0.0003440058,0.00002345641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003875267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001224919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000145406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000222951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998251,0.0003574118,0.0003162256,0.0003588413,0.0002897173,0.0004268373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983471,0.00121517,0.00007940343,0.0001536723,0.00008533792,0.0001192912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002005424,0.00004632658,0.9718423,0.00001683067,0.0000107739,0.000005608656,0.0002069357,0.0002242661,0.00002152282,0.0009761783,0.000003753765,0.02644495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004904346,0.001352444,0.9779549,0.00001063816,0.000003032393,0.000003460556,0.0003950172,0.004013814,0.00001030938,0.01543926,0.0002206561,0.0001060536],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918529,0.001868227,0.000006393688,0.00008031701,0.00007129487,0.0004517114,0.00002665849,0.00002031411,0.00562218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983746,0.00005769104,0.001455917,0.00005165643,0.00001446187,0.000005779951,0.00001956218,0.000002173509,0.00001816216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0263389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2749275209","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-17-0002.1","title":"Ice Fog: The Current State of Knowledge and Future Challenges","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Ice nucleus; Fog; Icing; Ice crystals; Ice cloud; Atmospheric sciences; Lead (geology); Sea ice growth processes; Meteorology; Climate model; Water vapor; Atmosphere (unit); Climatology; Climate change; Arctic ice pack; Cloud computing; Sea ice; Drift ice; Geology; Nucleation; Geography; Computer science; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02554982637442023,"gpt":0.2661404408914346,"spread":0.2405906145170144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003106306,0.0001295948,0.0001755721,0.00000114243,0.0003621923,0.00002707161,0.0004731732,0.00004155561,0.0001540798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002548267,0.00006755559,0.0000810011,0.00005307324,0.0008404028,0.00008298703,0.0004255653,0.0001769021,0.00002472738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006489621,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002316613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001690436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006306638,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991651,0.00007950344,0.0001487019,0.0002571992,0.0001312621,0.0002182639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992697,0.00006156521,0.0001418002,0.0004381663,0.000006981404,0.00008175858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002058301,0.00007483458,0.05062581,0.000006533819,0.00001107118,0.000001136636,0.0005178691,0.000003606048,0.00009779028,0.0004079806,0.0003295736,0.9479032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001412096,0.0001706141,0.8897721,0.000003183595,0.00001527798,0.000001295241,0.0000502557,0.0001124526,0.00005736762,0.006345753,0.103237,0.00009357011],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737003,0.01384853,0.00007939116,0.001491372,0.0002060666,0.0001549407,0.00000406752,0.00001974886,0.01049558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879817,0.01143086,0.000399667,0.00004839701,0.00006439556,0.00002048092,4.019851e-7,0.000005361433,0.00004872081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9478096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3096499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2593842892","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0013.1","title":"Ice-Phase Precipitation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Ice crystals; Graupel; Snow; Environmental science; Ice nucleus; Precipitation; Liquid water content; Coalescence (physics); Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Snowflake; Cloud physics; Nucleation; Geology; Cloud computing; Physics; Astrobiology; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05665919163611742,"gpt":0.3012109212699726,"spread":0.2445517296338551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004939184,0.0001684629,0.0002431698,0.00008568352,0.001078533,0.0002453796,0.0005857939,0.0001442547,0.006202856],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005400858,0.0001127563,0.0001534776,0.0001086281,0.0003254678,0.000370465,0.00002916317,0.0001881507,0.0004437453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001793355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000821818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001336629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001332627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985843,0.0001554059,0.0002745159,0.0003738375,0.0002257143,0.000386219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986858,0.000311931,0.0001825388,0.0005440186,0.00004575338,0.0002299253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000278992,0.0001575234,0.7731096,0.000005637343,0.00004894967,0.00002943047,0.0001321755,0.001371079,0.0001458752,0.003242112,0.0004935094,0.2209851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007720839,0.000780744,0.9315577,0.00000197983,0.00002375865,0.00000214757,0.00002509926,0.009821079,0.00002942737,0.05073978,0.0060642,0.0001820242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9541846,0.0002246505,0.001260196,0.0006245829,0.0003315459,0.0002282808,0.00006545112,0.0001112176,0.04296948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957568,0.00004062492,0.00338592,0.0004712087,0.0001063122,0.000005708653,0.00009801323,0.000002592115,0.0001328153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2208031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090904614","doi":"10.1175/0065-9401(2003)030<0199:isuap>2.0.co;2","title":"Innovative Signal Utilization and Processing","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Radar; Signal processing; Computer science; Data processing; Radar signal processing; SIGNAL (programming language); State (computer science); Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Geology; Algorithm; Database","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03054311638307463,"gpt":0.2506736925156096,"spread":0.2201305761325349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002210326,0.000106433,0.000110751,0.00003674458,0.0001488849,0.00002860109,0.00004798685,0.00008889636,0.0001410111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006747579,0.0000737609,0.00002361841,0.000698789,0.0002841713,0.0001013517,0.00003770607,0.0001113499,0.00001658239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003046751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001301759,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000164709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991929,0.00009614191,0.0001312984,0.0002544126,0.0001305502,0.00019469],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997727,0.00003772558,0.00004897034,0.0000690372,0.00001214763,0.00005944012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002569148,0.0000798537,0.3482338,0.000005177505,0.00001129418,0.00001459993,0.000660616,0.00004211252,0.007215226,0.001039138,0.0003119102,0.6423606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003869702,0.0002629826,0.9497713,0.000009159339,0.00001964635,0.00004223763,0.0002966772,0.001157255,0.007591829,0.02134949,0.01881226,0.0003001905],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9379677,0.0003150831,0.005199778,0.00008370962,0.00003490628,0.0001098032,2.397278e-7,0.0000578482,0.05623097],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930703,0.00002617135,0.006274676,0.0005749681,0.000008897424,0.000001461823,0.00000192526,0.000005634851,0.00003597997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6420605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3007882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2398623669","doi":"10.1175/amsmonographs-d-15-0004.1","title":"Models for Multiscale Interactions. Part I: A Multicloud Model Parameterization","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Convection; Madden–Julian oscillation; Oscillation (cell signaling); Meteorology; Forcing (mathematics); Tropical cyclone; Atmospheric convection; Cloud computing; Climatology; Geology; Computer science; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0722246919221684,"gpt":0.2744645238096551,"spread":0.2022398318874867,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001487182,0.0001698446,0.0002319801,0.00008715266,0.0001860479,0.00005495436,0.0002466484,0.0001224089,0.000795074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002027475,0.00008844737,0.0002088174,0.0002051466,0.0002067435,0.0003294102,0.00002165422,0.0001219594,0.0001007679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004896258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001119057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001162569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003305882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983943,0.0001155244,0.0003093568,0.0004344,0.0002221794,0.0005242379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987316,0.0006768168,0.00005372244,0.0002041386,0.00006961407,0.0002641065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001657124,0.0002893823,0.2520819,0.00003549922,0.00009480015,0.0000103919,0.00009446411,0.0464612,0.003954305,0.005228594,0.001300733,0.6887916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008414444,0.0004479577,0.04949183,0.00001213939,0.00001816214,0.000003561961,0.00001327028,0.8720883,0.0003099159,0.07281425,0.003730439,0.0002287805],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6953197,0.0001039437,0.3022612,0.00110662,0.0001629351,0.0003501283,0.00023942,0.0001084839,0.0003475752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741423,0.000117103,0.02506985,0.0002900328,0.00009299896,0.00004892998,0.00005622855,0.000005011119,0.0001775085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.825627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8705503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1990886538","doi":"10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.35","title":"Strong Surface Fronts over Sloping Terrain and Coastal Plains","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frontogenesis; Front (military); Submarine pipeline; Geology; Cold front; Baroclinity; Oceanography; Diabatic; Warm front; Peninsula; Climatology; Geostrophic wind; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03208189501435763,"gpt":0.244164844561403,"spread":0.2120829495470453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002936319,0.0001730577,0.0002190515,0.00002391444,0.000270527,0.00002017915,0.0001598537,0.0001346457,0.001301656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004912782,0.0001373085,0.00008497203,0.0001569759,0.0005944434,0.0001917316,0.0003130919,0.0001818194,0.00004206137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002598061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003262641,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004443505,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002348259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998621,0.0001179796,0.0002101243,0.0004400937,0.0002116974,0.0003990605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994422,0.0001338239,0.00004911981,0.0002066884,0.000003373649,0.0001648175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006386544,0.0001590953,0.9914015,0.000003760337,0.00001646792,0.00002646109,0.0006489528,0.001739138,0.004145591,0.0003353725,0.0005009733,0.0009588399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008353707,0.0003586488,0.9725697,0.000007225955,0.00002135139,0.00005066384,0.000141824,0.01596393,0.0003088851,0.004169554,0.00516214,0.0004106847],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928045,0.00006098716,0.001668134,0.0001341761,0.00005768098,0.0001880718,0.00003297938,0.00008100287,0.004972453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952326,0.0001050691,0.00422497,0.0003191006,0.00001287057,0.000009184457,0.00001067866,0.000008439966,0.00007701603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01883176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4232229212","doi":"10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.241","title":"The Application of Fred Sanders' Teaching to Current Research on Extreme Cold-Season Precipitation Events in the Saint Lawrence River Valley Region","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Precipitation; Precipitable water; Climatology; SAINT; Anomaly (physics); Current (fluid); Meteorology; Environmental science; Geology; Oceanography; History; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1502152882622446,"gpt":0.3463319635458574,"spread":0.1961166752836128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003319193,0.0001112966,0.0001306723,0.00007085651,0.0004838154,0.000011137,0.0005385946,0.00008111836,0.00001307552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004053519,0.00006257076,0.00007908911,0.0005390315,0.0004162446,0.0000825379,0.0001557848,0.0004243171,0.00003158465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001367335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006098552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006347993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002394323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970351,0.001328642,0.0002788932,0.0003869107,0.0006425038,0.0003279467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981873,0.001203325,0.0000790711,0.0004413436,0.00002147085,0.00006747538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001160301,0.002803421,0.8037757,0.00002585717,0.00002268679,0.000005942513,0.01879608,0.02374096,0.008240314,0.05477629,0.002453585,0.0841989],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003744306,0.0006586314,0.9511244,0.00002535498,0.00000771618,0.000002124892,0.0004243003,0.00706529,0.0001525996,0.03314621,0.006877386,0.0001415357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990115,0.00006042631,0.007028042,0.001140873,0.00004300713,0.001034559,0.000002359686,0.0000177547,0.0005579308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987222,0.0001905271,0.0006142787,0.0001328833,0.00001288291,0.0003096152,0.000004775174,0.000004585677,0.000008271332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1473488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3721166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247530760","doi":"10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.163","title":"Surface Potential Temperature as an Analysis and Forecasting Tool","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Meteorological Monographs","topic":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Baroclinity; Current (fluid); Climatology; Temperature gradient; Geology; Potential temperature; Surface (topology); Sea surface temperature; Environmental science; Meteorology; Oceanography; Geography; Mathematics; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01756174265654916,"gpt":0.2078428867696041,"spread":0.190281144113055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002815738,0.0002091115,0.0003506016,0.0000643946,0.0005007282,0.00008326328,0.0002107285,0.0001734458,0.0009933832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006964603,0.0001430493,0.0001827956,0.001519646,0.0003273156,0.000325049,0.00001852985,0.0002140448,0.00001213407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":7.986115e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001740571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005361427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001893354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984933,0.0001315347,0.0002532067,0.0004755268,0.0002584295,0.0003879968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993479,0.0001210335,0.00008526398,0.0001785798,0.00005192033,0.000215328],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007431857,0.00002530901,0.9916764,0.000004483953,0.0001239333,0.00009249196,0.00007629983,0.002352755,0.00007721582,0.00002496536,0.0000167227,0.005455113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002045352,0.0004690354,0.9839601,0.00000175171,0.0001524788,0.00009323835,0.0001642045,0.01312452,0.00008779093,0.001386522,0.000110079,0.0002457479],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973848,0.001294723,0.0003363939,0.00007217771,0.00006657761,0.00009843026,0.00003033748,0.0001203142,0.0005961867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902695,0.0005111585,0.008653527,0.0003651565,0.00004983,7.411e-7,0.00009328737,0.000003232831,0.00005349955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01077177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}