{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"d031a6378e2a","filters":{"venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security"}},"results":[{"id":"W3164620445","doi":"10.3233/978-1-58603-954-7-243","title":"Hybrid Machine Translation for Low- and Middle-Density Languages","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Translation (biology); Computer science; Machine translation; Linguistics; Natural language processing; Philosophy; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Sofianopoulos Sokratis","is_ca":false},{"name":"Vigário Marina","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01395933329733031,"gpt":0.2678080403004393,"spread":0.253848707003109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001372915,0.0003248678,0.0003598834,0.0003480364,0.001017376,0.0008974717,0.0009059088,0.0002405204,0.000003057901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001461982,0.0003170271,0.00007328226,0.0001299649,0.0005543476,0.005099223,0.000360252,0.0004227048,0.000001218342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006472496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001485532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004361465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001163171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983582,0.00002824625,0.0005242066,0.000402682,0.0004093325,0.0002773583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997896,0.0001559015,0.0004711525,0.0006840268,0.0006271551,0.0001658213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006918699,0.0000187451,0.000005582546,0.0005468294,0.00001075505,4.105645e-7,0.01000099,1.968115e-7,0.00003257513,0.8288231,0.0002966912,0.1601949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00115186,0.0003553743,0.00003021504,0.0005183461,0.00005114352,0.0001403527,0.0004702488,0.04366135,0.002849526,0.7777053,0.1721068,0.0009593986],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02499792,0.3083406,0.4878705,0.04434712,0.0009366056,0.02013037,0.003785228,0.005484475,0.1041072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7961002,0.01697551,0.1808702,0.002800928,0.00008076971,0.0001434927,0.001142736,0.00003728453,0.001848852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7711023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2400929321","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-391-9-51","title":"Variable Neighborhood Search for Edge-Ratio Network Clustering","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Variable (mathematics); Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Sonia Cafieri","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre Hansen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01387618155217195,"gpt":0.2710844233456527,"spread":0.2572082417934807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0020269,0.0003540252,0.0004990486,0.0002294098,0.001629118,0.0007662278,0.0007182357,0.0002013019,0.00008936507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002686873,0.0003757465,0.0001383798,0.0002175719,0.0005313175,0.001753654,0.0006139115,0.0004667216,0.000006145899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007377761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002270011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007560351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006963675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980736,0.00004078756,0.0007185648,0.0003570703,0.0003806921,0.0004292582],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973245,0.0002217584,0.0005184885,0.0008454563,0.0008980365,0.0001917393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004529476,0.00001201019,0.00009274517,0.0001251767,0.00003918255,9.664619e-9,0.002224685,0.00005509812,0.000002981046,0.9841008,0.003272487,0.01002952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004816693,0.0001159821,0.00001188156,0.0001239403,0.00007006436,0.000002421559,0.0005956632,0.09319098,0.00004380102,0.2712055,0.6337107,0.0004474429],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001058157,0.002148982,0.443854,0.001539154,0.0003133756,0.004672458,0.0009263066,0.0003720163,0.5451155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.969862,0.001453177,0.01790503,0.000723879,0.0005870647,0.0004754211,0.003253096,0.00005983606,0.005680535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9688038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412594313","doi":"10.3233/nicsp250005","title":"Supersingular Elliptic Curves, Quaternion Algebras and Applications to Cryptography","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Quaternion; Supersingular elliptic curve; Elliptic curve; Mathematics; Pure mathematics; Cryptography; Algebra over a field; Geometry; Algorithm","authors":[{"name":"Eyal Z. Goren","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan Love","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008687215608471417,"gpt":0.2510477400787441,"spread":0.2423605244702727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001222235,0.0003555162,0.0003835907,0.0009086715,0.00146721,0.0008797482,0.001199404,0.0002524003,0.000006809079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007551747,0.0003635182,0.0001080771,0.0006672771,0.0009317434,0.003042008,0.0009178064,0.0004345572,0.000006433932],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004898085,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002298768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006948852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001096676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979628,0.00004481497,0.0006095516,0.0005242452,0.000520726,0.0003378344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974256,0.0001532546,0.0002919102,0.001137672,0.0006680529,0.0003235698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001551381,0.00002119765,0.00004778411,0.0005252052,0.00002041573,1.243004e-7,0.004305568,6.562005e-7,0.000008037764,0.9754313,0.001205598,0.01841864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004369123,0.0001633549,0.0001806468,0.0005390007,0.00005765586,0.00003180425,0.0006043037,0.002560209,0.00009805227,0.2449789,0.7497515,0.0005975991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0181163,0.1977681,0.3927236,0.06719064,0.001439722,0.0250794,0.001746719,0.002309497,0.293626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.408694,0.4561814,0.101818,0.02329826,0.0002616544,0.002127624,0.001989161,0.0001146152,0.005515328],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7485459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407735669","doi":"10.3233/nicsp190036","title":"From Reactive to Pro-Active Strategies in Physical Security Protection of Water Systems: Transformations in Canadian Practice","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Environmental science","authors":[{"name":"Marco A. Molina‐Montenegro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008133145308982275,"gpt":0.2527645543187694,"spread":0.2446314090097872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001021053,0.0002872146,0.0004858454,0.0008179581,0.0002618418,0.000278932,0.0003515766,0.0003016977,0.0000102129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001213113,0.0002706243,0.00006408047,0.0003296294,0.0003252466,0.006555922,0.00007301668,0.0007262907,0.00000666291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004995863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005071498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04607477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1020248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982618,0.00006369204,0.0006802031,0.0002531454,0.000390141,0.0003510381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984888,0.0001100025,0.0001898945,0.0004730705,0.0005590656,0.000179175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005205123,0.0001032296,0.00009419246,0.001961518,0.0001326352,9.405554e-7,0.7378989,0.0106233,0.0004961903,0.2413802,0.000112899,0.006675485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002189972,0.0006009437,0.0009954569,0.001209504,0.0002069814,0.00003680399,0.1701286,0.3869438,0.005927479,0.1723569,0.2572733,0.002130258],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8766587,0.0008568102,0.000722756,0.001878625,0.0002745059,0.006754134,0.001892243,0.0001322249,0.11083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987363,0.0006397899,0.00007888742,0.00004605306,0.00001891141,0.0001353408,0.0003023435,0.00001107759,0.00003135964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5677703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2574248734","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-716-0-207","title":"Comparing Information Structures Used in the Maritime Defence and Security Domain","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Domain (mathematical analysis); Computer security; Maritime security; Information security; Computer science; Business; Political science; Mathematics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Anthony W. Isenor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allard Yannick","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01877274652168472,"gpt":0.2581700084916436,"spread":0.2393972619699589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002968715,0.0003869629,0.0004591215,0.0004787451,0.001316226,0.001629792,0.001826825,0.0003230849,0.000006045876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002540402,0.0002956183,0.00006967695,0.0002666637,0.001357153,0.01062696,0.001061126,0.0006747838,0.000007046502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009510783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002266732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000119197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007315216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975489,0.0001204463,0.000833054,0.0003575773,0.0007236431,0.0004164006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972984,0.0004275075,0.0006182653,0.001081735,0.0004238639,0.0001501824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003157459,0.000008911577,0.0004344939,0.0001505847,0.000007770116,3.378547e-7,0.03962789,6.24062e-7,0.0000024192,0.9542647,0.0003156022,0.005155059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001220023,0.0001350178,0.002926285,0.0002067179,0.00001947871,0.0001279941,0.006412897,0.008471697,0.00004630146,0.8005215,0.1792587,0.0006533888],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4861956,0.01642542,0.03029205,0.03874678,0.00142131,0.0113982,0.0008681205,0.001558946,0.4130936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931016,0.003638997,0.001967971,0.001040541,0.00002204985,0.00006196138,0.00008414275,0.000006844396,0.00007589771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.506906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407736135","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-716-0-156","title":"PASSAGES &amp;ndash; A System for Improved Safety and Security of Maritime Operations in Arctic Areas","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"NATO science for peace and security series. D, Information and communication security","topic":"Risk and Safety Analysis","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Arctic; Environmental science; Computer science; Oceanography; Geography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Biermann Joachim","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02678028296101432,"gpt":0.3126585603223612,"spread":0.2858782773613469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007385637,0.0004286567,0.0009974301,0.0009809134,0.001387553,0.0007751363,0.001121202,0.0004547506,0.00004345677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001794577,0.0003519328,0.0002143677,0.0005048465,0.001640762,0.004362292,0.0006694102,0.0004459307,0.000007904077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001961179,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004284153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000270963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005318471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958282,0.000158445,0.002033266,0.0006305721,0.0009450143,0.0004045049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938561,0.001163419,0.001038595,0.001320126,0.002332996,0.0002887175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006826398,0.00006239882,0.0004295156,0.0006437258,0.00006897402,2.075231e-7,0.02097649,0.00001118429,0.0000389557,0.9475769,0.0004340098,0.02907502],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002840053,0.0002913359,0.0008122494,0.0006659874,0.0001552632,0.00005348499,0.008803612,0.02582096,0.00009776667,0.4426414,0.5168379,0.00097996],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2228581,0.06025613,0.06060985,0.1226188,0.002788486,0.04281719,0.04815801,0.001253965,0.4386394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742957,0.01989479,0.001650942,0.0002613864,0.00003961702,0.0001504325,0.0004247422,0.00002188418,0.003260531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7514375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}