{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"a0ece05a9993","filters":{"venue":"NBER Books"}},"results":[{"id":"W2909399090","doi":"10.7208/9780226619323","title":"Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World: Working Longer","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NBER Books","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social security; Business; Political science; Labour economics; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Courtney Coile","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Milligan","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Wise","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1885414710117787,"gpt":0.4082567656910037,"spread":0.219715294679225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000728954,0.000266042,0.0002998504,0.001427265,0.001486119,0.002302752,0.0002828921,0.00122365,0.04897135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001609841,0.0001235008,0.0003122158,0.002329748,0.0005457732,0.003254571,0.001480463,0.001238381,0.00277848],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007303652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001532986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007531995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01956811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996192,0.0001224684,0.00002359419,0.00003435525,0.00008382324,0.0001164842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987679,0.0001365338,0.0002256023,0.00003292242,0.0001491655,0.0006879313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001601739,0.0002705809,0.1208486,0.001038592,0.00006610098,0.0004791209,0.007814031,0.00005216784,0.0003001598,0.01167762,0.5234856,0.3338072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002626078,0.0001447796,0.4675945,0.003147183,0.00003100488,0.0003272675,0.02960036,0.00003498165,0.00008420193,0.003955208,0.4950156,0.00003862118],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1700026,0.274851,0.0001979202,0.4096571,0.01455525,0.0001017836,0.007185441,0.0000989219,0.12335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5667625,0.2813337,0.0006069103,0.04674667,0.01276108,0.0003287875,0.006290751,0.00008908774,0.08508043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04897135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1638255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121369305","doi":"","title":"Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NBER Books","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Unemployment; Youth unemployment; Variety (cybernetics); Job market; Political science; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Economics; Economic growth","authors":[{"name":"David G. Blanchflower","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard B. Freeman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01866680322311216,"gpt":0.2145366695600964,"spread":0.1958698663369843,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007805817,0.0001183344,0.0003136852,0.001335865,0.001137357,0.001865037,0.0002000072,0.0006420904,0.001804099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001132006,0.000158002,0.0002019075,0.001771891,0.001815861,0.0009746426,0.002034101,0.0006918325,0.000145693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009235835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007731381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02243744,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02662844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995671,0.0001192477,0.0000249461,0.00002788219,0.00003634475,0.0002245108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992091,0.0001112509,0.0002755171,0.00002132297,0.00005329724,0.0003295866],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001455799,0.0002013472,0.9264608,0.000154512,0.00006651659,0.001368731,0.01352312,0.0008282115,0.000135254,0.0231009,0.005796338,0.02821864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000205955,0.0000867832,0.968483,0.0003256306,0.00002480429,0.0004037152,0.01791895,0.0003765021,0.00003974441,0.004352636,0.007954741,0.00001286466],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758824,0.009668489,0.00007529937,0.003461047,0.00006918392,0.000009455214,0.0002352597,0.000004363131,0.01059449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952472,0.00384777,0.00001787098,0.0002134569,0.00004620037,0.000005288628,0.00006283454,0.000001104835,0.0005582971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02243744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04461372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125348270","doi":"","title":"Scanner Data and Price Indexes","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NBER Books","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Scanner; Computer science; Sample (material); Econometrics; Index (typography); Statistical hypothesis testing; Data science; Statistics; Economics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Robert C. Feenstra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Matthew D. Shapiro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03938702334168838,"gpt":0.2494681151878382,"spread":0.2100810918461498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003008013,0.0004121922,0.0006025956,0.004739834,0.0008025917,0.008749142,0.0009140156,0.002019554,0.03155796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04583759,0.0005710663,0.000346799,0.01425758,0.001748437,0.009232013,0.0013521,0.002686412,0.01154805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001700719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001421031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004146313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003565215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921888,0.001790036,0.0005158265,0.0005377232,0.004770017,0.0001976455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.980718,0.01081393,0.00169267,0.002225108,0.004204846,0.0003454379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006578158,0.00003466574,0.004051344,0.0002476404,0.00002465515,0.00009863314,0.000262196,0.002260448,0.0003211374,0.6740581,0.1639303,0.1546451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001657724,0.00004204756,0.005543196,0.0002446964,0.00001299458,0.0003632809,0.0002626007,0.004831192,0.0007076659,0.2429503,0.7449795,0.00004600333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01947086,0.03801739,0.1234785,0.03399238,0.005743219,0.0001841601,0.01549433,0.001627127,0.761992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3898832,0.06478251,0.1399037,0.009099881,0.01006099,0.0004891366,0.02560604,0.002551287,0.3576233],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03155796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1055719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2954655468","doi":"","title":"Small Differences II: Public Policies in Canada and the United States","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"NBER Books","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Public policy; Regional science; Public administration; Geography; Law","authors":[{"name":"Philip Oreopoulos","is_ca":false},{"name":"David Card","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02907992074672721,"gpt":0.2265928795025063,"spread":0.1975129587557791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003011437,0.0006417297,0.001148283,0.003418714,0.009501299,0.0108018,0.00190161,0.003344089,0.01229702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01511331,0.0004954748,0.0008689211,0.009927257,0.009034386,0.004317938,0.002244639,0.004589121,0.0004813202],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1435812,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1782684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9918583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9952615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964658,0.0005383301,0.00007451519,0.000270075,0.001074717,0.001576593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943229,0.002739324,0.0003383216,0.0002044456,0.00156473,0.0008302994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000684036,0.00003506385,0.005155285,0.00008452809,0.00004409373,0.00009490996,0.001671176,0.00255909,0.00005886364,0.8280722,0.1360194,0.02613713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000893387,0.00003986727,0.06033899,0.0006034194,0.0002490802,0.00007012094,0.01224521,0.00520061,0.0004885698,0.5091682,0.4113619,0.0001447234],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07764374,0.1179498,0.007361423,0.2701234,0.002438861,0.0002230772,0.008287429,0.0002911791,0.5156811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.801885,0.03289295,0.002768897,0.01470178,0.001144502,0.0002110218,0.001220727,0.0002375401,0.1449376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1435812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933245,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}