{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":30,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":30,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"9c19156d0b4d","filters":{"venue":"Nature Cities"}},"results":[{"id":"W4400362404","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00091-z","title":"Mitigating urban heat island through neighboring rural land cover","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":144,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Urban heat island; Land cover; Urban climate; Urbanization; Environmental science; Rural area; Geography; Environmental planning; Land use; Environmental resource management; Civil engineering; Meteorology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005635875459020115,"gpt":0.2246376783006379,"spread":0.2190018028416178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009125518,0.0001500969,0.0001176477,0.00002545523,0.0001319255,0.0001470188,0.0001142417,0.0001874797,0.001752646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002890204,0.0001229368,0.00006072842,0.0001837061,0.0001173633,0.0005560134,0.00007349654,0.0004661623,0.0004227402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001431063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001231508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002649389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001322915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990401,0.00002620148,0.0001400059,0.0002351499,0.0002926968,0.0002658289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996876,0.0001052771,0.00001350632,0.0001433762,0.000005798273,0.00004442655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002563145,0.00002702392,0.6316429,0.0001866049,0.00007067085,0.00009114531,0.01369281,0.0009347323,0.01461175,0.006476604,0.329901,0.002339183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001504214,0.0002731209,0.1670804,0.001318306,0.0001783848,0.0002328869,0.002042384,0.01267855,0.04895653,0.02900253,0.7348347,0.001897927],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.903776,0.003809899,0.0001876178,0.0004928539,0.0009546937,0.000143539,0.00004649019,0.0001930176,0.09039592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923386,0.00004838832,0.000293373,0.0004921484,0.0004788447,0.00001241488,0.0000363824,0.00002295951,0.006276897],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4645625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991599,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391110724","doi":"10.1038/s44284-023-00023-3","title":"Comparing the carbon footprints of urban and conventional agriculture","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Agriculture and Sustainability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; National Science Foundation; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; European Commission; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Carbon footprint; Agriculture; Urban agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Food waste; Environmental impact of agriculture; Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network; Footprint; Agricultural economics; Geography; Engineering; Waste management; Economics; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01037829096233691,"gpt":0.2036763759293045,"spread":0.1932980849669676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001596784,0.0001015465,0.0001284607,0.000006691317,0.00009881361,0.00007102586,0.0001372539,0.0001599123,0.00003567874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004036066,0.00002515223,0.00006995979,0.0002585425,0.0001314831,0.00004941134,0.0000629527,0.0003518138,8.486284e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001856753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007607675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001231692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002757706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993362,0.00004690678,0.0001260334,0.0001812159,0.0001770886,0.0001325833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996029,0.0001950606,0.00002833749,0.00003438272,0.00010692,0.00003245878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008540976,0.000161772,0.5072333,0.0005522278,0.0003012994,0.00002912739,0.003467094,0.00001062812,0.08830013,0.3157857,0.07400937,0.01006397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006180153,0.00006799551,0.8365899,0.00006691672,0.00003399412,0.00001402438,0.002760883,0.00007754837,0.002396303,0.004403527,0.1533762,0.0001508626],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978808,0.01161853,1.705895e-7,0.001918012,0.0002021976,0.0001302323,0.00001895428,0.00005281472,0.007251109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981526,0.00002844515,0.000004874159,0.00008080914,0.0003253183,0.000008092537,0.00002834562,4.507116e-7,0.0013711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3293566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1528475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401882436","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00106-9","title":"Progress and gaps in climate change adaptation in coastal cities across the globe","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; European Commission; Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Vulnerability (computing); Adaptation (eye); Climate change; Globe; Transformative learning; Empirical evidence; Geography; Environmental resource management; Scope (computer science); Climate change adaptation; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Sociology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06965771128359617,"gpt":0.3538245360965879,"spread":0.2841668248129917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009141161,0.0001156287,0.0001183055,0.0001276711,0.0003017148,0.000411461,0.0001151599,0.0002259846,0.0000218254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001156319,0.00009336607,0.00002781758,0.0005244186,0.0004504823,0.0006469054,0.00004830355,0.0003535243,0.000004833904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001303175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006403919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002728797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4100755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987627,0.0001539438,0.0001805548,0.0002148745,0.000341189,0.0003466947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999543,0.0002337099,0.00004587752,0.00007755041,0.00007040745,0.00002945558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003574834,0.00001863668,0.03343384,0.0001922998,0.000006718671,0.00002012728,0.8251338,0.000008004013,0.00001816963,0.107494,0.0004651376,0.03317355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003757493,0.00004927599,0.1740626,0.0006428526,0.00001258539,0.000004423437,0.7823759,0.002653306,0.00005152348,0.009492809,0.02997412,0.0003048452],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9695309,0.01920742,0.000004313147,0.007412199,0.0007349764,0.0005507573,0.0001606302,0.0001191286,0.002279613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952986,0.003370686,0.00005849961,0.0002402808,0.0005594801,0.000165153,0.00005231853,0.00001344907,0.0002415919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4073466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6006891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389923866","doi":"10.1038/s44284-023-00001-9","title":"Quantifying the decrease in heat exposure through adaptation and mitigation in twenty-first-century US cities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Biological and Environmental Research; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University; Arizona State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Urban heat island; Environmental science; Extreme heat; Geography; Climate change; Meteorology; Psychology; Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02250537061557756,"gpt":0.2463211514833034,"spread":0.2238157808677259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002980407,0.0001331978,0.000119098,0.0000906581,0.0001569777,0.00005925682,0.0001055058,0.0001821371,0.00009837728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001600931,0.0001059013,0.00002717655,0.0005027837,0.0001860584,0.0004859946,0.00006948558,0.0003534117,0.00003045709],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001453935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001583826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001502831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01154658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989043,0.00009827863,0.0002086737,0.0002494048,0.0002938932,0.0002454048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995583,0.0002167726,0.00003586269,0.0001432265,0.00000847898,0.00003731588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003689204,0.00002205234,0.9648319,0.00004510155,0.000005487896,0.0000189759,0.02578095,0.002987531,0.0007713748,0.001628559,0.002692593,0.001178519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005586605,0.00003385493,0.9765604,0.0001262525,0.000007947389,0.000006795688,0.01043196,0.00397279,0.000709864,0.003729455,0.003684342,0.0001777253],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951962,0.001585596,0.00001467271,0.001160733,0.0002488518,0.0003081389,0.00001230531,0.00006087973,0.00141259],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982914,0.0007233152,0.0001584692,0.0004811521,0.00005209964,0.00005954778,0.00006500669,0.0000135463,0.000155518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01534899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6443261,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408034486","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00212-2","title":"Barriers and opportunities for resilient and sustainable urban forests","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Green Space and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Environmental planning; Resilience (materials science); Natural resource economics; Environmental science; Economics; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01079774567381724,"gpt":0.2528853115706574,"spread":0.2420875658968401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002154671,0.00009178386,0.0001092859,0.00005450649,0.0003275314,0.00004668401,0.00006881424,0.0001336826,0.00007231797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005812307,0.00008108708,0.00001800672,0.00005953809,0.0002759756,0.0001493321,0.0001228942,0.0001476796,6.725977e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007249375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004399083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002203322,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001257808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993293,0.0000175729,0.00008226545,0.0001837693,0.00009624827,0.0002908891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996781,0.00007041015,0.00002422305,0.0001068257,0.00001303341,0.000107432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005257245,0.00000433857,0.5444903,0.0001779028,0.000009898683,0.000007062118,0.0009129842,0.000002640001,0.00001745775,0.09888841,0.354133,0.0013034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000580562,0.0001503616,0.1818162,0.00004365723,0.00003026185,0.000003394847,0.01956061,0.0001528526,0.0001487107,0.02312003,0.7741832,0.0002102039],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9595871,0.006461607,0.000143649,0.0092513,0.0001305816,0.0005172545,0.00002468891,0.00004698706,0.02383682],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.904959,0.0002407803,0.0001711556,0.002375287,0.00002791533,0.00003360094,0.000003815382,0.000006470722,0.09218192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4200501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3306635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W6959897711","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00240-y","title":"Land subsidence risk to infrastructure in US metropolises","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Subsidence; Hazard; Flood myth; Geodetic datum; Land use; Environmental hazard; Natural hazard; Groundwater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002127755147704791,"gpt":0.2270070398343022,"spread":0.2248792846865974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005905848,0.0001275423,0.0001512425,0.0002507366,0.00004248559,0.00003412685,0.0001881475,0.0002342554,0.00004549672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001235087,0.0001117517,0.00003152941,0.0004411118,0.00003411044,0.00005378729,0.00003245138,0.0004482176,0.000005013613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008936234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002217864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001502497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005660263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994641,0.00001243688,0.0001288855,0.0001422577,0.00009343538,0.0001588785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995558,0.0001332164,0.00001341174,0.0002356113,0.00003096603,0.00003094598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004167988,0.00004182768,0.2952156,0.0003893516,0.0001666247,0.00002495744,0.001793597,0.0009232698,0.001310608,0.116189,0.1433285,0.440575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001492606,0.00001335743,0.1693585,0.000152791,0.00002226161,0.000003774104,0.0003790127,0.0006000809,0.02146031,0.02554725,0.7820455,0.00026794],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.87014,0.009308183,0.06617489,0.0009630309,0.0006026339,0.0005031894,0.0001047569,0.0009470132,0.05125634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9423923,0.0005092563,0.05644322,0.0003348802,0.000057936,0.00003613928,0.000004363379,0.00001418851,0.0002076542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.638717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.45571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406036485","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00183-w","title":"Vehicle–canine collaboration for urban pipeline methane leak detection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Leak; Pipeline (software); Leak detection; Methane; Computer science; Environmental science; Engineering; Transport engineering; Chemistry; Operating system; Environmental engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002983932187447475,"gpt":0.2203027262339488,"spread":0.2173187940465014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001178923,0.0001260231,0.0001207395,0.00001083232,0.0001317143,0.00002288997,0.0001161092,0.0002194086,0.00018413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005523665,0.0001188537,0.00004591963,0.0002810387,0.0001281998,0.0001566881,0.00006401964,0.0002005551,0.00001815515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002940544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001012468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007345943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001012954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992681,0.00002103187,0.0001445496,0.0002309701,0.0001578101,0.0001775343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997094,0.00004939402,0.00005233689,0.0001443179,0.00000936503,0.00003524003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00153552,0.0005580124,0.1257043,0.0002877429,0.0002351824,0.00001142133,0.003958081,0.2316813,0.2472625,0.01031487,0.1519251,0.226526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003149301,0.0004769131,0.09188771,0.00006238354,0.0002261348,0.000006670277,0.005937846,0.1679673,0.06921215,0.009981183,0.6500762,0.001016238],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8594465,0.000878429,0.1228996,0.001564443,0.001081958,0.000690522,0.00002311773,0.0001483241,0.01326706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698116,0.00004062093,0.004266205,0.001026543,0.00008619464,0.00005128547,0.00001994165,0.00001294185,0.02468469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4981511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4846712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405995562","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00178-7","title":"Decarbonizing urban residential communities with green hydrogen systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; China Scholarship Council; University of Alberta","keywords":"Green infrastructure; Business; Geography; Environmental planning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004554744433323185,"gpt":0.18826270223357,"spread":0.1837079578002468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00010205,0.000186479,0.0001958491,0.0002532769,0.0001213359,0.00009947532,0.0003029938,0.0001723393,0.00001054492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005125802,0.0001729397,0.00003813306,0.000250706,0.00006749693,0.0001268668,0.00008902032,0.0004567468,0.000005192906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001106354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001874437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007249721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008643891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999234,0.00003772636,0.0001603461,0.000104593,0.0002150771,0.0002482619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999455,0.00006510678,0.00002045283,0.0003833498,0.00004627301,0.00002977036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008712972,0.00003011725,0.02742432,0.002065442,0.002143675,0.0001151703,0.004603428,0.6761489,0.0005825266,0.1653449,0.1208878,0.000566581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003174399,0.0001739,0.02115946,0.003326137,0.0007251004,0.00005524459,0.03019497,0.1515299,0.01857823,0.002116809,0.7664096,0.002556282],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7912186,0.02232125,0.001265066,0.0002337992,0.002905015,0.0003187689,0.00001642108,0.001475898,0.1802452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950889,0.00007458031,0.00009092628,0.000124298,0.0002859297,0.00004922922,0.00002252604,0.00003667986,0.004226924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6455218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7052278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392955536","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00052-6","title":"Early engagement and co-benefits strengthen cities’ climate commitments","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik; University of Oxford; Washington State University","keywords":"Climate change; Environmental planning; Business; Environmental resource management; Political science; Natural resource economics; Geography; Environmental science; Economics; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03173613066347481,"gpt":0.3199250459192232,"spread":0.2881889152557484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005714544,0.0001306825,0.0001462804,0.00007659267,0.0005502703,0.0003828024,0.0001872858,0.0002135163,0.0005482701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002700063,0.0001133661,0.00005824438,0.0001345488,0.0003080985,0.0003717663,0.0000338602,0.0005157234,0.00001750455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005562074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000061045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003820157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007063567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987938,0.00009433118,0.000158277,0.0002601401,0.0003706343,0.0003228096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995639,0.000153193,0.00002755616,0.0001270847,0.00004125887,0.00008701949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003002101,0.00004883752,0.7473623,0.0002801687,0.0001135864,0.00002486306,0.05542905,0.000001029457,0.00001868167,0.1718473,0.007094018,0.01775008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003834809,0.00006622818,0.6798977,0.0002862636,0.00008762377,3.938591e-7,0.01445436,0.00002643543,0.0002451237,0.009104803,0.2949961,0.0004515381],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9221019,0.009043109,0.000001477617,0.0005738551,0.0007008577,0.0001920119,0.0001804215,0.0001875508,0.06701881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966775,0.0007496025,0.00005444846,0.0002251761,0.0003219266,0.0000160907,0.00004368974,0.00001204008,0.00189957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2879021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6003174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401585369","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00107-8","title":"Repeated and localized flooding is an underestimated challenge for urban disaster risk management","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Flood myth; Debt; Consumption (sociology); Business; Hazard; Flooding (psychology); Declaration; Disaster recovery; Finance; Geography; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0119650556911225,"gpt":0.2696633821394059,"spread":0.2576983264482834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000215358,0.0001852104,0.0001383659,0.00007173469,0.0001912927,0.000196108,0.0001468711,0.0001292205,0.0004057754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005817868,0.0001506624,0.00005128765,0.000126471,0.0001064139,0.0003196835,0.0001909505,0.0002146509,0.00003362796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008252777,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002631776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006931471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001247108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988427,0.00003317018,0.000152537,0.0004725789,0.0002326835,0.0002662895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996231,0.00003941256,0.000033308,0.000227904,0.000004989836,0.00007127413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004757032,0.0005281919,0.01708004,0.002557718,0.001601114,0.0002515049,0.02504792,0.001293706,0.0004228937,0.1771192,0.5654087,0.2082133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002401566,0.0006025347,0.01009106,0.0003780916,0.0007678919,0.000006589529,0.007992777,0.1582927,0.0006039445,0.04865193,0.7690433,0.001167531],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.836798,0.01456894,0.01856105,0.003831445,0.00223129,0.003358295,0.0002384037,0.001470144,0.1189424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869769,0.001064257,0.005445353,0.0003427287,0.00007944448,0.00008619942,0.00005018533,0.00003405143,0.00592084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2070458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6143836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412930606","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00294-y","title":"Unforeseen high continental-scale soil microbiome homogenization in urban greenspaces","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Microbiome; Homogenization (climate); Scale (ratio); Environmental science; Geology; Geography; Biology; Ecology; Bioinformatics; Biodiversity; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002297189325662476,"gpt":0.204151806095709,"spread":0.2018546167700465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001150687,0.000107536,0.0001557032,0.00009009532,0.0001446367,0.00001370778,0.0002788843,0.0003277639,0.001731624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002002892,0.0001036778,0.00003355012,0.000343928,0.0003206524,0.0001034229,0.000232682,0.0004547921,0.00009991197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008617536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001222245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009834539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02352495,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993449,0.0001096206,0.000134025,0.000163556,0.00004680935,0.000201123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996634,0.0000770742,0.00003999614,0.0001911517,0.000009050065,0.00001931098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008860089,0.0001291541,0.640368,0.00004110434,0.00003056411,0.00000607968,0.001658193,0.0003476782,0.1567933,0.0039453,0.195938,0.0006540221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008386398,0.00006107709,0.8958578,0.00004495046,0.00001743765,0.000003082001,0.0004403777,0.00005715892,0.03103834,0.009723407,0.06163914,0.0002786218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850962,0.0002512207,0.00001280236,0.000975434,0.0003012932,0.0001227945,0.00002616263,0.00003175334,0.01318234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908551,0.00002477941,0.0001002446,0.001199963,0.0000201992,0.000007133513,0.0001469362,0.000005449823,0.007640215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2554898,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390755770","doi":"10.1038/s44284-023-00009-1","title":"Network constraints on worker mobility","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"Center for Research Computing, University of Pittsburgh; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; University of Pittsburgh; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01955031867050223,"gpt":0.2199521537899326,"spread":0.2004018351194304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003464235,0.0001361769,0.0002964145,0.0001382742,0.0000837988,0.0001731606,0.0001484658,0.0002368374,0.00176006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004175345,0.0001346789,0.0002061709,0.0002074296,0.0001388729,0.0001024117,0.00002817156,0.0004577599,0.0008267172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008518237,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002064193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005297735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004001201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990081,0.000008115388,0.0003333937,0.0003950916,0.00003046562,0.0002248784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995151,0.0001213872,0.00006705636,0.0002244364,0.00001692598,0.00005516488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009048134,0.00001524279,0.002950451,0.0000147152,0.00009617813,0.000007221131,0.00006411755,0.0007533598,3.359947e-7,0.971732,0.02128979,0.003067575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001137811,0.00003985261,0.01179838,0.00006068098,0.00001007599,0.000003577792,0.0000527444,0.006599539,0.00000715448,0.6081724,0.3728579,0.0002839977],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2663064,0.0533102,0.002234302,0.01575096,0.005477206,0.0003248526,0.0005493055,0.000279465,0.6557673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937213,0.0002620966,0.0001492792,0.001722642,0.0006489211,0.00001494491,0.00002448087,0.00001730361,0.003439044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7274149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403690097","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00140-7","title":"Urban transitions toward sufficiency-oriented circular post-consumer textile economies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Seneca Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Textile; Circular economy; Business; Economic geography; Economics; Economy; Commerce; Geography; Ecology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006144873886762127,"gpt":0.2081807325494639,"spread":0.2020358586627018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002886426,0.0002884847,0.0002312847,0.0008086216,0.0002697562,0.0008402246,0.0003092223,0.0002118404,0.001424255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001089611,0.0002767082,0.0001990592,0.0007510312,0.0001623524,0.001335995,0.0001291986,0.0005145387,0.0005066736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001378333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007219216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001827061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004255474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998432,0.00001279084,0.000273932,0.0004944255,0.0002936467,0.0004931639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992939,0.00006510343,0.00005406808,0.0003190163,0.0002490119,0.00001896169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002920284,0.000090915,0.001223434,0.002118826,0.0002296196,0.0002489292,0.002197046,0.0001778063,0.0001591216,0.7672485,0.2236242,0.002652412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002412471,0.00001148082,0.001546909,0.00009404786,0.0001481639,0.000004751893,0.017425,0.003281573,0.00004033771,0.004429043,0.9723684,0.0004090422],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5418875,0.03944817,0.003582729,0.05115904,0.01159624,0.002700355,0.0002306744,0.004443582,0.3449517],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9893942,0.00002748778,0.00006559304,0.004334702,0.001276309,0.00008337774,0.0002013623,0.00005781236,0.004559164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7628195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401958719","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00115-8","title":"Health co-benefits of post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Environmental science; Business; Environmental health; Natural resource economics; Medicine; Virology; Economics; Disease; Outbreak","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02059285159607585,"gpt":0.3331043472643063,"spread":0.3125114956682305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008068729,0.0001816548,0.0003211256,0.0001739763,0.000090858,0.00003590375,0.0001953406,0.0002868614,0.0005798027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003905325,0.0001524658,0.00006896482,0.0004273484,0.0002250729,0.0002676749,0.00007810997,0.0006609699,0.00004310736],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006057196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003109571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004353705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004888813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983318,0.0001345022,0.000390869,0.000301281,0.0004238247,0.0004177071],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990956,0.0003464379,0.00009060521,0.0002166915,0.000008347867,0.0002423632],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001568599,0.0006495658,0.4207437,0.02224752,0.0001459751,0.0001739518,0.1692644,0.01725981,0.001124849,0.03781554,0.2186188,0.1103873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001181409,0.001068044,0.9033987,0.001404039,0.00001438775,0.0000548901,0.005404616,0.001681446,0.0006418243,0.0312287,0.05297298,0.0009489894],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.955943,0.0089554,0.000009765135,0.02407188,0.000553809,0.0002640871,0.0001962993,0.0001000486,0.009905693],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9732824,0.0009035895,0.0001641048,0.02441635,0.000128773,0.00001118155,0.00003807253,0.00001968336,0.001035873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4826549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6581529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407675370","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00201-5","title":"The use of plastic as a household fuel among the urban poor in the Global South","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Business; Natural resource economics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009883196068721239,"gpt":0.2033370430556634,"spread":0.1934538469869422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002202345,0.0001017013,0.00008092057,0.00001666387,0.0001948577,0.0000900805,0.0003827607,0.0001206931,0.00003446609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005459887,0.00004612486,0.00005367405,0.000306646,0.0004957663,0.00006130259,0.0001113381,0.0003671835,0.00001257114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007030508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002544117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004444075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001312469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991797,0.0000871005,0.0001485507,0.0001295879,0.0002589414,0.0001961648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987095,0.0009888347,0.00006359963,0.0002147536,0.000005964404,0.0000173751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00027087,0.0001042137,0.7443858,0.00004961941,0.00009114764,0.00001549287,0.006027013,0.008738661,0.0004019323,0.1066845,0.1321197,0.00111106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002328819,0.00003433113,0.9466455,0.00005218767,0.00004118819,0.000003547519,0.001218308,0.001232438,0.00008751632,0.004586548,0.04576607,0.00009945377],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923514,0.0005406813,0.0001957077,0.0005994889,0.0005549408,0.0001926146,0.0001399636,0.00001318423,0.005412047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986426,0.00002698154,0.00001874428,0.0006767139,0.0000316393,0.000008378276,0.000002124793,0.000003446027,0.0005894032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2022597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1880917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411924486","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00249-3","title":"Legacy effects of religion, politics and war on urban evolutionary biology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Brock University; SGS (Canada); University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Biology; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Evolutionary biology; Law; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002911788122053393,"gpt":0.239598942779883,"spread":0.2366871546578296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003166239,0.00006944349,0.0001085442,0.00003387894,0.0001219,0.000002265764,0.00006345961,0.0001890026,0.00002677065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001065966,0.00005606731,0.00002211246,0.00006948179,0.0005093483,0.00005456347,0.0001022371,0.0001914146,0.000009451532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004118234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006925223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007370509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002082103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999609,0.00002625976,0.00007397927,0.0001294312,0.00004412346,0.0001171971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997199,0.000161492,0.00002366549,0.00007047981,0.000009531059,0.0000149274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003427904,0.00007590983,0.7169703,0.00005989615,0.00002639731,0.000005445169,0.0004144115,0.000001925856,0.002675822,0.1728551,0.1063978,0.0004827531],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001823767,0.0002204724,0.9682943,0.00002874784,0.00002705807,0.000001590695,0.000204857,0.000002885618,0.002964672,0.01267328,0.01532819,0.0000715662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821139,0.003945557,0.000006664104,0.0006884561,0.0002499007,0.00007833068,0.000004421971,0.0000179314,0.01289483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972754,0.0001851242,0.00009129472,0.001032372,0.00001676408,0.000006776295,0.000002384438,0.00000218051,0.001387778],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.251324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2286359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390739161","doi":"10.1038/s44284-023-00010-8","title":"Reimagining the soul of urban planning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Planning and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Community College; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Soul; Sociology; Art; Aesthetics; Visual arts; Philosophy; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01614342078383879,"gpt":0.3166134348382958,"spread":0.3004700140544571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003868459,0.00005488747,0.00007328238,0.00003243631,0.0002222914,0.00009255321,0.0001990572,0.000111056,0.00003656491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002187249,0.00003296496,0.00004461994,0.0001946007,0.0002510532,0.0001119072,0.00001867718,0.0005575654,0.000008555026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002327205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001207902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003097639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004029008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993288,0.00004904592,0.00008132757,0.0001029762,0.0002847232,0.0001531101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994811,0.0003429707,0.00003433855,0.00008846796,0.00003266854,0.00002041924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007047378,0.00000338718,0.02020571,0.0000395829,0.00003313831,0.00002132064,0.1306817,0.00001807931,0.00005215599,0.2811339,0.5663139,0.001490123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002594178,0.000008132124,0.003356975,0.0002327894,0.00001098158,0.000001291873,0.01056653,0.00005631508,0.0001208024,0.003028334,0.9825265,0.00006540638],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1977503,0.1367885,0.0001458736,0.02094866,0.005302756,0.0001743716,0.00006655069,0.0004955721,0.6383275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9745531,0.00004638947,0.00006616404,0.0002795026,0.0007183307,0.000002427938,0.000001575602,0.000006482267,0.02432599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7768029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2422375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413025331","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00298-8","title":"Invisible groundwater threats to coastal urban infrastructure","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Urban infrastructure; Groundwater; Environmental planning; Water resource management; Geography; Business; Environmental science; Urban planning; Geology; Civil engineering; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004685658210841008,"gpt":0.2156464807441419,"spread":0.2109608225333008,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008026721,0.0001740351,0.0001673681,0.0001133854,0.0001624973,0.0001778283,0.0002883304,0.0002577871,0.001753061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002248937,0.0001318719,0.00005626102,0.0002676101,0.00006936783,0.0001834686,0.00003860676,0.0004369512,0.0001150805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006526592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005636144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004093057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001426688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990405,0.00002010246,0.0001407384,0.0002751691,0.0001968518,0.0003266265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995626,0.00004106842,0.00001982804,0.0002253547,0.00005481831,0.00009638686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006664178,0.000008676058,0.8699992,0.00007587652,0.00003992963,0.00001523571,0.0005963196,0.0001472473,0.0003303836,0.0007733227,0.1152177,0.01272938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002985815,0.00007873119,0.778237,0.00006139332,0.00001885505,0.00001566178,0.0006891149,0.00007232409,0.007651266,0.01421846,0.1983533,0.00030534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8623359,0.001481969,0.0001268809,0.001019101,0.001084956,0.0001578993,0.0001175228,0.00009697743,0.1335788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9749693,0.00001622973,0.0003883014,0.003163554,0.0002197375,0.000001983719,0.0002222554,0.000003212635,0.02101538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1126335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414930741","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00331-w","title":"Remote sensing for healthy vegetation on green roofs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Toronto; Toronto Metropolitan University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Vegetation (pathology); Green roof; Multispectral image; Roof; Ecosystem; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Urban ecosystem; Ecosystem services","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00837536875681802,"gpt":0.2593797340684694,"spread":0.2510043653116514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001065318,0.00006957192,0.00007087529,0.00004246591,0.0001197488,0.00001530935,0.000051604,0.0001361259,0.00001836768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004996217,0.00006423501,0.00003090501,0.0001128832,0.00004105591,0.0000719169,0.00001758136,0.0001650886,0.00002806301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000155139,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001212438,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002189898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000691382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994734,0.00001792458,0.00009239999,0.0001612742,0.0001226357,0.0001323749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997225,0.000108055,0.00002754298,0.0001099144,0.00001045304,0.0000214865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004174504,0.00003842782,0.005810949,0.0003595005,0.00004203766,0.000005491827,0.002711299,0.001036772,0.008205525,0.01395761,0.1398884,0.8275266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003144305,0.000751489,0.2113009,0.0006526386,0.00008884918,0.00001044848,0.0004582875,0.08241581,0.05075158,0.2766762,0.3728825,0.0008669381],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8881682,0.0007099069,0.02124656,0.01133486,0.001266794,0.0008934556,0.00001531761,0.000163711,0.07620125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844409,0.000006922122,0.004924732,0.005827694,0.0000917591,0.000001593729,0.0000191826,0.000007341546,0.004679824],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8266596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2619428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403338394","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00147-0","title":"Navigating the goods and bads of delivery cyclists’ work","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Work (physics); Business; Transport engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008954773499455775,"gpt":0.2796509518723144,"spread":0.2706961783728586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002654646,0.00003793402,0.00005021152,0.000009764109,0.000163081,0.0001565026,0.00007175632,0.00009449957,0.00002238105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003073751,0.00002680618,0.0000299702,0.0001567707,0.0002271258,0.0003511929,0.000009560056,0.0002960255,0.000002990042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001334619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003443934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000653945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001098713,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996578,0.00002425886,0.00008309541,0.00005573239,0.0000968673,0.00008222654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997035,0.0002106899,0.0000160841,0.00003628232,0.00001674402,0.00001667223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007775508,0.000005091322,0.002821162,0.00008806153,0.00002925164,0.000001535785,0.06842252,0.000007588752,0.000005917275,0.551095,0.001823553,0.3756925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001881434,0.0000420186,0.01539549,0.001776349,0.00005421909,0.000003624503,0.0923909,0.0001302661,0.0007221953,0.08580071,0.8031219,0.0003741837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8058226,0.009269712,0.00002276725,0.003625441,0.0004391512,0.00007681794,0.000008430948,0.0000543032,0.1806808],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990125,0.0002514684,0.00004184127,0.00016725,0.0001329451,0.000002940374,0.000002775308,0.000002674748,0.0003856597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8012983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1509158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412930617","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00296-w","title":"Building urban fire resilience to enhance national security","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment, and Health","funders":"","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); National security; Business; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Architectural engineering; Environmental science; Political science; Engineering; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002285841945268772,"gpt":0.2521939530859758,"spread":0.249908111140707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003280753,0.0001229422,0.0001207851,0.00005129798,0.0001564607,0.000048356,0.0003624108,0.0001687014,0.0002582239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004885422,0.0001191656,0.00003802735,0.0004681917,0.00008760794,0.0002000578,0.000192256,0.0003549337,0.0002008416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003481772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002601704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001555048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002074146,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987578,0.00005059093,0.0001393844,0.0003463772,0.0004703545,0.0002354429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995083,0.000179666,0.00003711182,0.0001933468,0.0000234452,0.00005808486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005921158,0.00008566959,0.0473386,0.0001690494,0.00002928119,0.0000149128,0.001640523,0.000929675,0.03143659,0.04777749,0.8577743,0.01274476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003295197,0.0001364682,0.12405,0.0006092057,0.00001721322,0.00001196704,0.0002891026,0.009334099,0.1458901,0.03523999,0.6831722,0.0009200587],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9128265,0.0005533826,0.0003139394,0.001313468,0.0008232758,0.0002836014,0.0000198469,0.0001027848,0.08376316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926404,0.000003538393,0.001019265,0.001938682,0.00009266368,0.00003643908,0.000001897253,0.000006915775,0.004260139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.174602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4859432,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402357170","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00135-4","title":"Publisher Correction: Repeated and localized flooding is an underestimated challenge for urban disaster risk management","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Flooding (psychology); Environmental science; Environmental planning; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01135618456622432,"gpt":0.260418990243429,"spread":0.2490628056772047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002445774,0.0001896793,0.0001390393,0.00008822972,0.0002271003,0.0004326638,0.0001457961,0.0001515119,0.0005640239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000101575,0.0001567673,0.00005391904,0.000185931,0.0001044744,0.000675943,0.0001766008,0.0002669706,0.00002627786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001117296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003619359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000105996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002100937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987745,0.00003829167,0.0001626118,0.0005047307,0.0002574426,0.0002623741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996007,0.00004350259,0.00003913926,0.0002315241,0.000008814328,0.00007628791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000782392,0.00008938561,0.004039584,0.0002385361,0.0002390765,0.00002558146,0.003048682,0.0002430337,0.00001211195,0.008113261,0.9417011,0.04217147],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001316609,0.0003501501,0.007209565,0.0001964673,0.0004095573,0.000007120886,0.006232962,0.09562471,0.00007414987,0.01968678,0.8682124,0.0006795193],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3576555,0.01772088,0.03713031,0.008736994,0.02887827,0.005927155,0.0001254151,0.003263372,0.5405621],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9601063,0.0007406765,0.003372614,0.0004633546,0.0001483746,0.0001360692,0.00007529183,0.00004436498,0.03491292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6024508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6392785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393041497","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00066-0","title":"Author Correction: Comparing the carbon footprints of urban and conventional agriculture","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Agriculture and Sustainability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Agriculture; Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Geography; Computer science; Archaeology; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01149556371152454,"gpt":0.218570051966326,"spread":0.2070744882548015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001868289,0.0001121052,0.0001392926,0.000008529822,0.0001412759,0.00008461904,0.000126464,0.000190996,0.00004970353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006036782,0.00002982605,0.00007823401,0.0003313707,0.0001333378,0.00005686729,0.00005745309,0.0004311814,0.00000105001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002661513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001009703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001399427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003608834,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992611,0.00005881203,0.000143587,0.0002050309,0.0001945093,0.0001369726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995209,0.0002283074,0.00003583765,0.00003775339,0.000139125,0.00003809106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000137305,0.0002112595,0.3688473,0.0004757165,0.0003538954,0.00003104864,0.004827483,0.00002562738,0.04696735,0.1326427,0.4235459,0.02193443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006003188,0.0000935253,0.7070243,0.00008278117,0.00004259108,0.0000294209,0.004300591,0.0002538576,0.002224433,0.002138737,0.2835794,0.0001703841],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980289,0.008111163,5.049567e-7,0.003224073,0.000983027,0.0001599681,0.00001576154,0.00007823867,0.007138204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922547,0.00001352307,0.00000446381,0.00006717183,0.0004890619,0.00001112346,0.00003001152,5.531411e-7,0.007129423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.338177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1873293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408277965","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00222-0","title":"Author Correction: Vehicle–canine collaboration for urban pipeline methane leak detection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Leak; Pipeline (software); Methane; Leak detection; Environmental science; Computer science; Petroleum engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005976829852294605,"gpt":0.2522888536061451,"spread":0.2463120237538504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002990535,0.0001405859,0.0001574003,0.00008189056,0.0002124527,0.0000433598,0.0001106187,0.0003463618,0.0004745496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001718126,0.0001210195,0.0000566786,0.0006750698,0.00008232084,0.0001562204,0.00004324782,0.000388467,0.00003680248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001854254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002509675,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008023525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001184767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990822,0.00005851208,0.0002061582,0.0002764825,0.0001787038,0.0001979343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995347,0.0001217204,0.00008249556,0.0001619675,0.0000508769,0.00004827085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009957375,0.0002068569,0.004217474,0.0001618276,0.0001808607,0.000004927,0.003403018,0.01745676,0.1743799,0.00413968,0.7286181,0.06623482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001320948,0.0002834607,0.003461855,0.00006185645,0.0001435951,0.000006069604,0.001930233,0.04175816,0.1783241,0.004841579,0.7674505,0.0004176607],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7817243,0.007889668,0.04499904,0.01429301,0.03217358,0.003159471,0.0001201228,0.0007621456,0.1148787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.873325,0.00002467431,0.0003755401,0.0005453315,0.0002154873,0.00006522836,0.00003489653,0.00001235859,0.1254014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09160079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5195985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408156908","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00213-1","title":"Parallel scaling of elite wealth in ancient Roman and modern cities with implications for understanding urban inequality","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Housing Market and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Elite; Inequality; Scaling; Economic geography; Geography; History; Political science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0436832812855601,"gpt":0.2628370478190045,"spread":0.2191537665334444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004698288,0.0001035698,0.0003199935,0.0002914824,0.0001101426,0.00005305352,0.00009442437,0.0001415407,0.000004051427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006074408,0.0001133352,0.00004043244,0.0001552804,0.00009597095,0.0001307133,0.00003193661,0.0001586111,3.130505e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002014314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004481673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008291659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003649498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991353,0.000008607287,0.0003935414,0.0002467318,0.00001413055,0.0002017106],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994549,0.0001404317,0.0001770071,0.0001744029,0.0000242178,0.00002907953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004877413,0.0000158333,0.2398793,0.0001748477,0.0000205828,6.308027e-8,0.001154717,0.0002280379,0.0000038728,0.7578794,0.0002213528,0.0003731702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001051806,0.00004262204,0.2186876,0.0001629729,0.000009726442,7.508388e-7,0.001924691,0.008221448,0.0000140076,0.766304,0.003336214,0.0002441406],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.900727,0.003927984,0.06215822,0.001158659,0.0001768665,0.0003533625,0.0002697374,0.0000292309,0.03119895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973386,0.0004131796,0.001733342,0.0002805796,0.00002633156,0.00002980224,0.00002004416,0.000011094,0.0001470097],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09661163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4621674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403873248","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00154-1","title":"Neighborhood effects on integrative organizational practices in five global cities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society; Austrian Science Fund; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Civil society; Survey data collection; Population; Public relations; Social organization; Economic growth; Sociology; Economic geography; Political science; Geography; Social science; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008642298019800185,"gpt":0.320977174998053,"spread":0.3123348769782528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002560987,0.0001345348,0.0001462108,0.00007088219,0.0002455414,0.000257087,0.0001730666,0.0003848975,0.0001926462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001591067,0.0001088856,0.00005521785,0.0008241887,0.0002170886,0.0003730865,0.00003205821,0.0006558571,0.00005275866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000300954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003084538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005222211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003942093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987724,0.0002249342,0.0001091267,0.0002292683,0.0004246011,0.0002396154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984068,0.001306032,0.00006454107,0.0000562956,0.0001143148,0.00005196182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002542353,0.00001848731,0.003974665,0.00003030921,0.00003242743,0.00003570227,0.05616369,0.000003048117,0.000002763557,0.9171423,0.01968865,0.002882576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000411041,0.0002779947,0.02145714,0.0007446564,0.00005312866,0.000004721885,0.1890299,0.0001095062,0.0002479643,0.7265923,0.06047343,0.0005982331],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4531051,0.02307752,0.00002670397,0.01573705,0.006005696,0.0004806712,0.00008598897,0.000424928,0.5010563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930381,0.0003480652,0.00002819956,0.001297007,0.001797988,0.00001935086,0.00002008543,0.00001003407,0.003441228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5399329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4440224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413804781","doi":"10.1038/s44284-026-00450-y","title":"Geographic Proximity Dampens Ideological Policy Disagreement in Urban Politics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Politics; Context (archaeology); Urban politics; Political science; Survey research; Sociology; Political economy; Positive economics; Law; Economics; Geography; Socioeconomics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03480059764599767,"gpt":0.3746146641568165,"spread":0.3398140665108189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006935943,0.000243392,0.0004232028,0.0003443344,0.0002869776,0.0001413149,0.0004257572,0.001487241,0.0000835344],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001239976,0.0002181545,0.0001713579,0.0004175612,0.0005232876,0.00008573301,0.000310294,0.001763745,0.000007010609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005627964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009251867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08080845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05199456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972513,0.0005710814,0.0004299323,0.0004097572,0.0005601593,0.0007777549],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998911,0.0002987105,0.0001255911,0.0003041067,0.0001760992,0.0001845371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004464925,0.00004906682,0.2344472,0.0001332583,0.00001741306,0.000003121935,0.002049391,0.00001067889,0.000001066539,0.7619121,0.001292664,0.00007961778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002495535,0.00005572516,0.3184192,0.0005469691,0.00004897666,2.969185e-7,0.0008378955,0.00004183257,0.00003283817,0.6102322,0.06899413,0.0005404436],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8572496,0.002344319,0.00003672064,0.02779879,0.002071338,0.001534316,0.0003106876,0.0002311614,0.1084231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900435,0.00005748638,0.00005325196,0.001121901,0.00181274,0.0001321258,0.00006203925,0.000007299179,0.006709686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1516799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401171517","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00097-7","title":"Never too local for science advice","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Gouvernement du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Advice (programming); Local government; Government (linguistics); Public relations; Political science; Business; Public administration; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007539784182540647,"gpt":0.2764694810647137,"spread":0.2689296968821731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006976343,0.0001382638,0.0001006937,0.00007311471,0.0002864925,0.0001017253,0.0002973556,0.0001472244,0.0008201695],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001384993,0.0001222746,0.00005164993,0.0004376721,0.0009914842,0.0008653991,0.0001736739,0.0004721244,0.0005497314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004634976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006638455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007082016,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003208409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982866,0.00002229965,0.0001360227,0.0005952431,0.0004944765,0.0004653759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994268,0.0001935793,0.00002199931,0.0002224079,0.000009818516,0.0001253522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009543946,0.0001425729,0.007535853,0.0005772699,0.00005619508,0.0001282159,0.006929535,0.001581104,0.03255772,0.05452967,0.1882562,0.7076102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002356723,0.0000868186,0.02983011,0.00008943033,0.00002367482,0.00002246131,0.00108433,0.01055619,0.01106158,0.006518036,0.9400927,0.0003989775],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6468602,0.005841088,0.04953304,0.01445835,0.004333181,0.002157785,0.0001908522,0.001070293,0.2755553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876052,0.00003988264,0.001946223,0.00543833,0.0001450126,0.00004890596,0.000005474938,0.00002185985,0.004749159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7518365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8980281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391561868","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00044-6","title":"Publisher Correction: Comparing the carbon footprints of urban and conventional agriculture","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Urban Agriculture and Sustainability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; Carbon fibers; Environmental science; Agricultural engineering; Agricultural economics; Geography; Computer science; Economics; Engineering; Archaeology; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008522404604567867,"gpt":0.1978512975305337,"spread":0.1893288929259658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001848643,0.0001112705,0.0001353796,0.000009324706,0.0001250021,0.0001625734,0.000142843,0.0001935835,0.00005356044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006710664,0.00002947284,0.00007635054,0.0003747545,0.0001332105,0.0001118546,0.00006336895,0.0004445812,8.167061e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002715889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001052986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001790144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004496503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992504,0.0000545983,0.0001406232,0.0002089051,0.0002051544,0.0001403878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995084,0.0002077897,0.00003498039,0.00003937418,0.0001718678,0.00003761154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005055761,0.0000971164,0.269533,0.0001823863,0.0001608822,0.000011131,0.001542661,0.00000818363,0.0067767,0.0459366,0.6668032,0.008897593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006278249,0.00006895258,0.6823168,0.00006029283,0.00003291361,0.0000230977,0.003520929,0.00009654964,0.0004209802,0.003322541,0.3099211,0.0001529978],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9620037,0.008946154,3.353216e-7,0.002826568,0.001888736,0.0001661556,0.000006981053,0.00008375897,0.0240776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991877,0.00001912863,0.00000329106,0.00009460636,0.0004606122,0.00001140287,0.00003596352,5.788397e-7,0.007497376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4127838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1931509,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408504998","doi":"10.1038/s44284-025-00224-y","title":"Author Correction: Barriers and opportunities for resilient and sustainable urban forests","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Cities","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Resilience (materials science); Business; Environmental planning; Geography; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00853426867477066,"gpt":0.2340036444606233,"spread":0.2254693757858527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001972482,0.00008965515,0.0001058204,0.00004466248,0.0003612143,0.00008083602,0.00006688353,0.0001335256,0.00009650345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004080708,0.00007104227,0.00001915431,0.00006340821,0.00005133298,0.0002022741,0.0001068425,0.00009890386,9.36755e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004711858,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001989848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001142218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000882122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99942,0.00001842062,0.00009085714,0.0001759625,0.00008316252,0.0002116188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997189,0.00007059576,0.00002736869,0.00009328521,0.00001497421,0.00007489894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001760125,0.00001493977,0.2685503,0.0007609528,0.00005388826,0.00001991272,0.00258077,0.00008527372,0.00002804082,0.02732006,0.6962696,0.004140249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004717475,0.0001113861,0.05328115,0.00009199732,0.00004773995,0.00001058867,0.0247248,0.002423779,0.0005746347,0.009302803,0.9087279,0.0002314638],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9769014,0.002222896,0.00005771575,0.003149645,0.0006320112,0.000289313,0.00001358294,0.00004586363,0.01668756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9473543,0.00006463932,0.000034355,0.0006054558,0.00004176717,0.00004276454,0.000005943519,0.000005162493,0.05184563],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2152692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.289702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}