{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":45,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":45,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"a132c8ec7e9e","filters":{"venue":"Near Surface Geophysics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2098567108","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2009033","title":"Hydrogeological prospecting using P‐ and S‐wave landstreamer seismic reflection methods","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Hydrogeology; Aquifer; Prospecting; Reflection (computer programming); Groundwater; Geophone; Economic geology; Channel (broadcasting); Seismology; Mining engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Telmatology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04232413841877955,"gpt":0.3112752873733738,"spread":0.2689511489545943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004136886,0.0002146529,0.0003223152,0.00001740772,0.0003432296,0.0001074825,0.00008377419,0.0001219989,0.0001043467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000081989,0.0001622112,0.00008187047,0.0005405875,0.0000931507,0.0001811019,0.00001475582,0.0003559627,0.00006472495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007152938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002592976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008581056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001176267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984229,0.0003167143,0.0001946434,0.0004161329,0.0001985731,0.0004510547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992477,0.0003002785,0.00008820192,0.0001626226,0.00004065975,0.0001605306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008232886,0.00004791481,0.03156427,0.00001194647,0.00002075827,0.00001487088,0.000182544,0.01115874,0.005045122,0.0001131105,0.00001440852,0.951744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003309434,0.001040917,0.3131639,0.00001239379,0.00005247723,0.00004320437,0.00002899596,0.6447604,0.004974741,0.03449179,0.000730338,0.0003698491],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937328,0.0002251541,0.0032746,0.0001954713,0.0001433495,0.000151827,0.000004832214,0.000101609,0.002170379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.889371,0.00001484413,0.1100419,0.000253928,0.0001501444,2.148852e-7,0.00001033865,0.000004016275,0.0001536431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9513741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6614781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3016274159","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12102","title":"Four‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography for continuous, near‐real‐time monitoring of a landslide affecting transport infrastructure in British Columbia, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; British Geological Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Electrical resistivity tomography; Landslide; Hydrogeology; Environmental geology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geology; Economic geology; Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004046679965794768,"gpt":0.1789626247913758,"spread":0.174915944825581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001375369,0.0001325931,0.0003652661,0.000004080007,0.0001935178,0.00006308423,0.0001555418,0.0001256783,0.00009907968],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003412153,0.0001749231,0.0001171727,0.0004862058,0.00009017056,0.00009627589,0.00005195811,0.0002923585,0.000003748637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001216051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001792613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7238585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4448534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998538,0.00004351685,0.0002669831,0.0003572186,0.000396501,0.0003978499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999442,0.0001420713,0.0001138326,0.000122862,0.00002504705,0.0001542317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005571879,0.00003526383,0.9711472,0.00003062553,0.00002957964,0.00004918907,0.0001933236,0.01842741,0.004645583,4.351715e-7,0.001019175,0.00436647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007272438,0.0001247167,0.9887581,0.00004646256,0.00003101608,0.000004676858,0.00003208597,0.008607781,0.0003320725,0.00005005464,0.001065256,0.0002204909],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991622,0.00003316735,0.00002479214,0.0000576083,0.00009756589,0.000323449,0.0001079064,0.00003097927,0.0001623214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942757,0.00001327691,0.005465067,0.00004607079,0.00005372474,0.000004496702,0.00002153573,0.0000255296,0.00009458198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2790051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7133157,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020808449","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2012023","title":"Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Geology; Aquifer; Electromagnetics; Regional geology; Hydrogeology; Electrical resistivity tomography; Groundwater; Ground-penetrating radar; Economic geology; Geomorphology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geophysics; Seismology; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01629435474122568,"gpt":0.2046568037865082,"spread":0.1883624490452826,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003144799,0.0001753825,0.00025541,0.00001431148,0.0003289809,0.00002819033,0.00009848028,0.00008340171,0.00001775727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004956972,0.0001315518,0.00005494379,0.0003456423,0.000111804,0.000130137,0.0000243616,0.0001990603,0.000004855206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000017855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001379164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04634294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01834712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986411,0.0001527164,0.000201746,0.0002581664,0.0003208564,0.0004253821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991306,0.0003905634,0.0001318882,0.000142703,0.00006996876,0.0001342737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001220008,0.0003793561,0.3076317,0.0003167675,0.0002427068,0.000003029624,0.0003017715,0.001380182,0.2307833,0.001011974,0.001826357,0.4549029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002688896,0.0003188426,0.9422826,0.00001226118,0.00003128709,0.000006811359,0.000003295775,0.05083942,0.001782328,0.002578058,0.001709693,0.0001664843],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979567,0.0002522791,0.0003774302,0.0008468293,0.0001484157,0.0003181737,0.00005285389,0.00001475522,0.00003258498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961035,0.00001621435,0.003237585,0.0002660286,0.0001903141,0.000002025464,0.0000649236,0.000007383588,0.0001120723],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6346509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051338414","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2012064","title":"Towards geophysical and geotechnical integration for quick‐clay mapping in Norway","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Borehole; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geotechnical investigation; Geotechnical engineering; Standard penetration test; Landslide; Geophysics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01819706593116843,"gpt":0.2310826712745736,"spread":0.2128856053434051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002685381,0.0001463069,0.0002366108,0.00002477258,0.0001247464,0.00007068829,0.0001058778,0.00009115357,0.00009733007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000298899,0.0001230571,0.00008891868,0.0002865934,0.00008060849,0.0003168367,0.00001744403,0.0001701066,0.0001306983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007593992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003291316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003155103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001248016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989601,0.00004091687,0.0001939646,0.0002253036,0.0001723852,0.0004073259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995076,0.0001314732,0.00005698333,0.0001498786,0.00002968931,0.000124386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001564332,0.0003986973,0.4679063,0.0001729145,0.0001489383,0.000008080701,0.004086953,0.02485499,0.007337893,0.005098113,0.001252346,0.4885784],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003115815,0.00007191097,0.7378896,0.00002158999,0.00002586568,0.000001721044,0.000335026,0.2533228,0.0002253737,0.002607472,0.00493082,0.0002562167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961354,0.000211603,0.002169696,0.0003461964,0.0001621862,0.0001626162,0.00006147723,0.0000239623,0.0007268476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938424,0.0000467803,0.005406567,0.000213924,0.0002314257,0.000001358407,0.0001050987,0.000005841877,0.0001466108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4883221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5018123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2941897344","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12046","title":"GPR Investigations at St John's Co‐Cathedral in Valletta","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Health Care Foundation","funders":"","keywords":"Nave; Ground-penetrating radar; Geology; Archaeology; Mosaic; Radar; History; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01183249633470919,"gpt":0.2393639039993106,"spread":0.2275314076646014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008635628,0.0001738438,0.0002187206,0.00001575495,0.00007718178,0.0000434236,0.0001881338,0.00007851359,0.0001256734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001168276,0.0001854782,0.00007539221,0.0003805537,0.00006320912,0.0001173768,0.00005412481,0.0002492134,0.002985984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007317209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002508636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008808888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000232946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990606,0.00003509332,0.0001898608,0.0002338357,0.000168015,0.0003125898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999279,0.0001214692,0.00003053058,0.0004370682,0.00003148624,0.0001004422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001625408,0.0003939558,0.0461569,0.0003357133,0.0001153938,0.000007749084,0.00225651,0.2702915,0.613418,0.05200579,0.008451127,0.006551059],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002009525,0.0001579801,0.4881068,0.0001422578,0.00006082902,0.000003815413,0.0002698935,0.2337631,0.01861399,0.04030956,0.2146304,0.001931888],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924272,0.00004028721,0.0001858105,0.0002539304,0.0001539334,0.0002927198,0.00004991215,0.0001882666,0.006407976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847757,0.00001531667,0.01398766,0.0001008242,0.00006849724,0.00002420522,0.00005157951,0.00005012134,0.0009261362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.594804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2599160982","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2016052","title":"Comparison between 2D and 3D ERT inversion for engineering site investigations – a case study from Oslo Harbour","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Harbour; Inversion (geology); Geology; Excavation; Engineering geology; Regional geology; Economic geology; Environmental geology; Electrical resistivity tomography; Telmatology; Seismology; Hydrogeology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Volcanism; Tectonics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03196582171324556,"gpt":0.2796402005421966,"spread":0.247674378828951,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008340076,0.0001896502,0.0002794583,0.00001579322,0.0001556886,0.00006099485,0.0000868243,0.00006486256,0.000004749838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003394922,0.000165176,0.00005025389,0.0001659373,0.00004002994,0.0001477617,0.00005692712,0.0001239588,0.00005246829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003072096,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001241025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004653342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002646467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991642,0.00002515104,0.0002089268,0.0002570997,0.0001115042,0.0002331102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989517,0.0005164384,0.00003915254,0.0002893425,0.0000487184,0.0001546304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002453427,0.0006834502,0.2936439,0.00035052,0.000784329,0.00005813223,0.01045012,0.04818775,0.5210757,0.001789276,0.001638102,0.1213142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00367863,0.0004581266,0.1894514,0.0002138031,0.0006359127,0.00000680869,0.001331699,0.7627648,0.0146785,0.00579226,0.01927554,0.001712514],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957849,0.00004313297,0.04099745,0.0001047469,0.00008607341,0.0004795943,0.000208905,0.0002179082,0.00001314992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9469718,0.000003881367,0.05274496,0.00001129226,0.000144955,0.00004523209,0.0000177669,0.00004246621,0.0000176915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7145771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.673568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2085698267","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2004009","title":"Using airborne electromagnetics surveys to investigate the hydrogeology of an area near Nyborg, Denmark","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Geology; Aquifer; Marl; Groundwater; Saline water; Hydrology (agriculture); Bedrock; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Structural basin","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02964437378535655,"gpt":0.2532215716093927,"spread":0.2235771978240361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007220436,0.0002768299,0.0004080696,0.00002118051,0.0003603159,0.00007871514,0.0005055975,0.0001268217,0.0002227862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001379259,0.0002039179,0.000114924,0.001095888,0.0004328947,0.0001629924,0.00004485902,0.0003691074,0.0003892522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009413456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002219012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01088705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001076714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975794,0.0005670246,0.0003305496,0.0004328356,0.000404505,0.0006856708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985418,0.0003321161,0.0001358398,0.0005115925,0.0001345817,0.0003440698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001121379,0.0002222073,0.02214007,0.00003435988,0.00008457512,0.00003087262,0.0009060382,0.8383794,0.01749592,0.001200664,0.00002851704,0.1193652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000661823,0.002819776,0.7717356,0.00002604584,0.00009934473,0.00002079658,0.00005538452,0.1325633,0.02250415,0.06786004,0.0009738056,0.000679971],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973561,0.0001602906,0.0009286624,0.0005464245,0.0001710646,0.0002638118,0.00004490581,0.00004132206,0.0004874322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593762,0.00001090166,0.03986147,0.0005640602,0.00008414486,6.446339e-7,0.00002747253,0.00001258057,0.00006258428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7495955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2973767725","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12173","title":"Geotechnical site characterization using multichannel analysis of surface waves: A case study of an area prone to quick‐clay landslides in southwest Sweden","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Universitas Syiah Kuala; Uppsala Universitet; Universitetet i Oslo; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik; Universität zu Köln","keywords":"Geology; Landslide; Borehole; Seismology; Geotechnical investigation; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering geology; Hydrogeology; Site analysis; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Tectonics; Volcanism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02963602773113336,"gpt":0.2616120926140081,"spread":0.2319760648828747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002964524,0.0001866945,0.000647877,0.0001064567,0.00009941428,0.00006191614,0.0001410636,0.00008296433,0.0001015008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003481213,0.0001738438,0.0001316334,0.00258186,0.00004423043,0.0002241203,0.00004121621,0.0001281912,0.000008543469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009438001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008444724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0718863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02426981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982387,0.0001935567,0.000499016,0.0004390088,0.000354034,0.0002756699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989268,0.0001080102,0.0002209637,0.000435857,0.0001784394,0.0001299144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000290436,0.0003440368,0.3204705,0.00001692295,0.000199038,0.0002235004,0.004234673,0.6598555,0.01425594,3.285288e-7,1.63096e-7,0.0003703326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002665528,0.0001603448,0.3534563,0.00001890946,0.0004336096,0.000008543286,0.007051104,0.6378425,0.000603993,0.000003708623,0.000002493044,0.00015185],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988043,0.0000246266,0.0002946569,0.00002118566,0.0000407328,0.0002478158,0.0005426037,0.00001655313,0.000007467093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975626,0.00000750886,0.001746506,0.00003261981,0.00002052469,3.627065e-7,0.0005934936,0.000008038883,0.00002832608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04761649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283831077","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12227","title":"Diffraction pattern recognition using deep semantic segmentation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Tetra Tech (Canada)","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Diffraction; Geology; Seismology; Computer science; Regional geology; Segmentation; Artificial intelligence; Optics; Tectonics; Physics; Volcanism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02518842526094029,"gpt":0.2558636388585259,"spread":0.2306752135975856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007421757,0.0001142738,0.0001116895,0.00001234674,0.0003198519,0.00004428199,0.00007230863,0.00002439056,0.0001308505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003383083,0.000139818,0.00005718894,0.0002872341,0.00001526669,0.0001353907,0.00004068293,0.0002138222,0.00014522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009841936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000885096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001203341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003462448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992728,0.00005861241,0.0001394346,0.0001595673,0.000190032,0.0001795579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996691,0.00004852708,0.00004485176,0.0001650178,0.00003165,0.00004083535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004843286,0.000127434,0.0004102097,0.00006455847,0.00003998469,0.000002183375,0.000528415,0.3902024,0.2908288,0.00002827035,0.00006521504,0.3176977],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002408013,0.0000393565,0.009612402,0.000007645199,0.00005236257,0.000004027683,0.0004150736,0.9826593,0.003169743,0.00285014,0.0006627003,0.0002864118],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9301485,0.0000253208,0.06895896,0.00003315262,0.0003022315,0.0001872246,0.00003076555,0.0001842726,0.0001295645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809093,0.00000902336,0.01875595,0.00004949998,0.0000901099,0.00003921155,0.00009399338,0.00003828087,0.00001459247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5924569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5701612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2154288127","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2009002","title":"Trends in waterborne electrical and EM induction methods for high resolution sub‐bottom imaging","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical resistivity tomography; Geology; Environmental geology; Economic geology; Hydrogeology; Groundwater; Engineering geology; Geobiology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Regional geology; Palaeogeography; Geophysics; Igneous petrology; Telmatology; Geotechnical engineering; Volcanism; Tectonics; Seismology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01552572351094061,"gpt":0.2790440290781169,"spread":0.2635183055671763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005541705,0.0001999827,0.0003095231,0.00007267127,0.0001815265,0.0001051744,0.0001165427,0.0001040811,0.0000312199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006689716,0.0001699197,0.00007563263,0.001049795,0.00005174553,0.0002710623,0.000008952473,0.0003504946,0.00002423514],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001308492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002470957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009803008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005954055,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982987,0.0002900695,0.0002482797,0.0004414275,0.0001664865,0.0005550557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992758,0.0003099381,0.00007035744,0.000160551,0.00005079467,0.0001325449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009889936,0.00004676952,0.002418138,0.000004656675,0.00000494987,0.000001836179,0.0001116634,0.0008677419,0.003238067,0.0003802247,0.00006767431,0.9927594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000451319,0.0004242378,0.7969249,0.000006635275,0.00002029882,0.00000360218,0.00001357797,0.1461051,0.003357235,0.05188812,0.0005567315,0.0002482342],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909626,0.0004166897,0.007165838,0.0008905931,0.0001876979,0.0001622951,0.0000120677,0.00006290834,0.0001392962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8784735,0.00002680639,0.1209679,0.0001895738,0.0001503095,0.000001362759,0.00007716204,0.000005457878,0.0001079283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9925112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6929125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013287349","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2014022","title":"3D inversion of magnetic data seeking sharp boundaries: a case study for a porphyry copper deposit from Now Chun in central Iran","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Tehran","keywords":"Tikhonov regularization; Magnetic anomaly; Inversion (geology); Weighting; Geology; Regularization (linguistics); Remanence; Geophysics; Inverse problem; Magnetization; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Computer science; Seismology; Physics; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03239597170399128,"gpt":0.2511673115962604,"spread":0.2187713398922692,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001989615,0.0002245182,0.0004107354,0.00002485439,0.0002492229,0.0002240613,0.0004512591,0.00008782953,0.0003528514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006679539,0.0001931547,0.00007207984,0.0004965949,0.0001472401,0.0004359034,0.00009508002,0.000244238,0.0001895795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008472805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000939113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1666486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01155145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980428,0.0001866583,0.0003467491,0.0005480792,0.0003177904,0.0005579503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985622,0.0005151112,0.0001119702,0.0005667935,0.00006620948,0.0001777458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000176526,0.0006900407,0.7847282,0.000105824,0.00007358847,0.0002264463,0.004287018,0.002321883,0.001268244,0.000005035897,0.0009006346,0.2052166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00110806,0.0008184505,0.5952792,0.00002868076,0.00007065119,0.000008329234,0.001010336,0.3994783,0.00010733,0.001256039,0.00052547,0.000309116],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977633,0.0002492614,0.0002274819,0.0001026884,0.0002384374,0.0008933956,0.0004043524,0.0000264484,0.00009460336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985528,0.000007026308,0.0139298,0.0001114637,0.00009241885,0.000003407224,0.0002479822,0.000009140805,0.0000707749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3971564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8389008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1973054163","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2011027","title":"Informed experimental design for electrical resistivity imaging","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Electrical resistivity tomography; Groundwater recharge; Infiltration (HVAC); Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geology; Regional geology; Economic geology; Hydrogeology; Soil science; Environmental geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Aquifer; Engineering geology; Remote sensing; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater; Materials science; Engineering; Seismology; Soil water; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04737046081235211,"gpt":0.2661589490834505,"spread":0.2187884882710984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002423881,0.000206425,0.000252996,0.00001662318,0.0002962376,0.00006499682,0.0002404814,0.00006157504,0.0003557533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001504934,0.0001735351,0.0001389863,0.000391501,0.0001112381,0.0002657439,0.00001666572,0.0001724255,0.0004103687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009965218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001445583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009146644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002742617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984928,0.0001269858,0.0002022216,0.0003355722,0.0002405952,0.0006018199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986362,0.0008249371,0.00007584522,0.0002084824,0.00006148984,0.0001930069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002231707,0.0008080869,0.0399804,0.00008111363,0.0001189039,0.00003368943,0.002466782,0.002519779,0.005084716,0.002841295,0.004158521,0.939675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001274321,0.001655545,0.7175779,0.00001783171,0.00006309691,0.000007311505,0.0001119814,0.1784996,0.06009419,0.03448012,0.005221654,0.0009964647],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9734147,0.0003376741,0.02007584,0.00006176133,0.0003056201,0.0005513773,0.00003401232,0.0001446671,0.00507435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8823388,0.000006996421,0.1171094,0.0001831668,0.00009981251,0.00000441581,0.0000206534,0.000007804205,0.0002289588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9386786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7076555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220919656","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12203","title":"Cooperative inversion of multiphysics data using joint minimum entropy constraints","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Inversion (geology); Multiphysics; Inverse problem; A priori and a posteriori; Geophysics; Synthetic data; Entropy (arrow of time); Regional geology; Inverse; Geology; Computer science; Hydrogeology; Algorithm; Mathematics; Finite element method; Physics; Seismology; Geotechnical engineering; Geometry; Mathematical analysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04836061363686472,"gpt":0.2456074432975804,"spread":0.1972468296607156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002708182,0.0001408741,0.0002298612,0.00002181609,0.0004175389,0.00003400732,0.0004481249,0.00002888053,0.001171234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002931913,0.0001394172,0.00005458694,0.0002977815,0.0003460892,0.0002916225,0.0002086054,0.0002486535,0.00005799928],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001435631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001906706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004288439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003971555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986541,0.0001669711,0.0002154113,0.0003251329,0.0004003004,0.0002380826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991052,0.00009426035,0.0001646151,0.0004963871,0.00007261664,0.00006689882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005184311,0.0008746117,0.1320821,0.0002591669,0.0004306624,0.0001249492,0.009923109,0.4195687,0.1272997,0.00084498,0.1137944,0.1942792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003421351,0.0001453538,0.0008580038,0.0000152145,0.00002478638,0.000005059883,0.001267744,0.9823177,0.009494564,0.0004117792,0.004918006,0.0001995958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996879,0.00007234715,0.0005832239,0.0001441108,0.0003507156,0.0001708771,0.001103123,0.00006169824,0.0006349116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866007,0.00001694469,0.01227782,0.0005262829,0.00003394145,2.071229e-7,0.0004609024,0.000006309129,0.00007691301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5627491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2150487061","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2008032","title":"A least‐squares standard deviation method to interpret magnetic anomalies due to thin dikes","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Standard deviation; Position (finance); Horizontal position representation; Geodesy; Dike; Economic geology; Horizontal and vertical; Magnetic dip; Geophysics; Geometry; Mathematics; Seismology; Statistics; Petrology; Volcanism; Tectonics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0140972937426543,"gpt":0.2499249389183599,"spread":0.2358276451757056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003285593,0.0002817522,0.0004523035,0.00004517607,0.0003474785,0.0001207896,0.0003371114,0.00008666854,0.0005718521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001940459,0.0002359045,0.0001265039,0.001003192,0.00007131863,0.0002126692,0.00005172261,0.0002427801,0.002183152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001143498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009287596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002564805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003167631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977149,0.0003652185,0.0002904793,0.0005118151,0.0005387552,0.0005788639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986342,0.0004844586,0.0000487505,0.000318777,0.0001333694,0.000380421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005317588,0.00009905284,0.02321376,0.00004787053,0.0000421227,0.00007788952,0.006868157,0.06529523,0.001633913,0.0003922814,0.002492721,0.8993052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004288146,0.003663653,0.9204123,0.00005631058,0.00004914735,0.00003188709,0.0002682788,0.03020344,0.005437578,0.01175168,0.02673591,0.0009609756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9611145,0.0002487893,0.03511722,0.0009182821,0.0002630134,0.0003775103,0.0001295124,0.0001176258,0.001713516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8309793,0.000009949101,0.1669898,0.001074234,0.0001463719,0.000003423754,0.00002657477,0.00001111527,0.0007592587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8983443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2992672626","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12080","title":"A sigmoid stabilizing function for fast sparse 3D inversion of magnetic data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sigmoid function; Tikhonov regularization; Inversion (geology); Inverse problem; Conjugate gradient method; Inverse; Algorithm; Synthetic data; Parametric statistics; Function (biology); Error function; Computer science; Geology; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematical analysis; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03033936279255846,"gpt":0.2361320407857085,"spread":0.2057926779931501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000268827,0.000148019,0.0002675582,0.00001518372,0.00009291132,0.00003640698,0.0003371174,0.00007183108,0.0005487491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005776683,0.0001252133,0.00007338898,0.0003919454,0.00006451031,0.0002866847,0.0000547698,0.0001433223,0.0006651451],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003142822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000590867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008377961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008672048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986921,0.00008742305,0.000204093,0.0004106537,0.0002761376,0.000329621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987172,0.0004516731,0.0001021092,0.0005546958,0.0000797719,0.00009456265],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005699062,0.0001672941,0.08449764,0.0003222788,0.00004378703,0.000001104337,0.0002412311,0.02177523,0.01110947,0.0001969587,0.0006323174,0.8804428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008837237,0.002143911,0.2226819,0.00003207762,0.00008978787,6.135171e-7,0.0001334868,0.7536809,0.001138611,0.00628602,0.01254583,0.0003832262],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964921,0.0001953664,0.001205741,0.00006910269,0.0004196468,0.0003906167,0.000217212,0.00003193039,0.0009782648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9806513,0.00001375096,0.01833706,0.00009539539,0.00008795982,5.317817e-7,0.000307077,0.00000686271,0.0005000862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8800595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8549316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023231597","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2012038","title":"Spectral velocity analysis for the determination of ground‐wave velocities and their uncertainties in multi‐offset GPR data","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Geology; Economic geology; Offset (computer science); Hyperbola; Petrophysics; Remote sensing; Waveform; Regional geology; Range (aeronautics); Hydrogeology; Geodesy; Radar; Geometry; Mathematics; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science; Porosity","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07396035625424127,"gpt":0.2939950649939923,"spread":0.220034708739751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002538547,0.000121073,0.0002174435,0.00002018408,0.0000866939,0.00003232174,0.0001624823,0.00004405928,0.000003079138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000374904,0.00009161891,0.0000560347,0.0004507788,0.000105249,0.0001954775,0.00006774769,0.0001021952,0.000001749244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000202854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001055426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003373642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001057411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993908,0.00003012706,0.0001614732,0.0001318697,0.00007623454,0.0002095285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989902,0.0004958524,0.00004466109,0.0003855122,0.00005096319,0.00003277039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000106832,0.001144793,0.06843132,0.001348435,0.002548857,8.684664e-7,0.04904007,0.1067556,0.07699776,0.03114267,0.0003704666,0.6621123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001234562,0.000008076258,0.2796522,0.000005238771,0.00009552215,1.311693e-7,0.0007412761,0.7161912,0.0009149323,0.001814676,0.000340222,0.0001130376],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8941377,0.0003425213,0.1049183,0.00004766285,0.00006589627,0.0002071931,0.0002358085,0.00002776145,0.00001712498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9545929,0.00007207785,0.04514948,0.000008451105,0.00005181997,0.00001953485,0.0000760217,0.00001366134,0.00001606018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6619992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3736111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1974180971","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2010021","title":"In‐mine (tunnel‐to‐tunnel) electrical resistance tomography in South African platinum mines","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Electrical resistivity tomography; Resistive touchscreen; Environmental geology; Igneous petrology; Mining engineering; Regional geology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geotechnical engineering; Engineering geology; Seismology; Volcanism; Hydrogeology; Computer science; Engineering; Computer vision; Electrical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009180565404200269,"gpt":0.2212521262940362,"spread":0.2120715608898359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004088373,0.0003401374,0.0005258122,0.0001308984,0.0001318313,0.0001007708,0.0004646025,0.0001794344,0.0003201336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000240808,0.0002988607,0.0001440388,0.003839135,0.0001671358,0.0002308448,0.00003403334,0.0008339846,0.0005151421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007825537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007398848,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001966984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009658763,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972106,0.0001630467,0.0004775762,0.0006867767,0.0004785905,0.0009834289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985127,0.0005382226,0.0001066537,0.0004209169,0.00007059508,0.0003508384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007548036,0.0005598775,0.9057623,0.00007473308,0.00003186549,0.0001696837,0.003739523,0.006910035,0.008955205,0.001800356,0.001162399,0.07007918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005237269,0.0002547128,0.9734696,0.00001496022,0.00001039,0.000001561412,0.00007786747,0.005482013,0.0005409061,0.01245715,0.006633869,0.0005332624],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953939,0.00009923065,0.00006570838,0.0006997655,0.0004061105,0.0003188837,0.00005365597,0.00005902739,0.002903702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811853,0.000003563763,0.01732776,0.0003822871,0.0002463761,0.000004459906,0.00002166658,0.00001327846,0.0008153626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06954591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2028913540","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2011012","title":"Experimental study of near‐field effects in multichannel array‐based surface wave velocity measurements","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Stantec (Canada)","funders":"University of Memphis; University of Texas at Austin; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Offset (computer science); Geology; Near and far field; Beamforming; Wavelength; Range (aeronautics); Geodesy; Phase velocity; Poisson distribution; Field (mathematics); Wavenumber; Computational physics; Optics; Acoustics; Physics; Mathematics; Statistics; Materials science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04891983571909361,"gpt":0.2358975589271715,"spread":0.1869777232080778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002830669,0.0002356467,0.0004008058,0.00002311664,0.0001490022,0.00004267377,0.0002279756,0.00008065335,0.0003323454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002767353,0.000214754,0.0001120279,0.0004262388,0.00007752239,0.0001619305,0.00001974176,0.0001867455,0.0001007337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001104543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006497322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03572725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009546497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982263,0.0001915171,0.0003154234,0.0003847624,0.0005039833,0.0003779482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991783,0.0001512217,0.0001423243,0.0003486293,0.00006210789,0.0001173893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000329552,0.002674876,0.8947051,0.00007406909,0.0001960649,0.00004991753,0.01224024,0.08069872,0.00711634,0.000003982683,0.00005365102,0.001857526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002593773,0.002048936,0.6378391,0.00005831207,0.00009273601,5.463055e-7,0.004292973,0.2761421,0.07628336,0.0001087889,0.0000200996,0.0005192785],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983498,0.0001242493,0.00009145513,0.0000124236,0.0002479057,0.0003880537,0.0000189859,0.00002622828,0.0007408734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995331,0.00000185946,0.004472381,0.0001122018,0.0000199769,8.913728e-7,0.00001975581,0.000009156247,0.00003271536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.256866,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9706939,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981080836","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2009036","title":"Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear‐wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Penetrometer; Hydrogeology; Seismology; Borehole; Reflection (computer programming); Seismic refraction; Geotechnical engineering; Geodesy; Soil science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05408893605483384,"gpt":0.2581944777443407,"spread":0.2041055416895069,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002016446,0.0001934851,0.0002135729,0.00003192126,0.0002543177,0.0001279766,0.0001872648,0.00009938788,0.0001894258],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001780081,0.0001462043,0.00001966849,0.0003132701,0.0001154621,0.0004232285,0.00002449203,0.0002884,0.00003546885],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008592908,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005112929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002615463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003222259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988039,0.00009071684,0.0001455375,0.0004444123,0.0002161889,0.0002992918],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992925,0.00006278457,0.00008466347,0.0004213788,0.00004977387,0.00008888367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001406266,0.0001424097,0.2209744,0.0001426371,0.0002983584,0.0001930179,0.001553683,0.01877612,0.02726051,0.00008816682,0.02243201,0.7067324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007064557,0.001356682,0.04313442,0.00004870348,0.00006831695,0.0001425976,0.0001156617,0.9412519,0.004081559,0.00314369,0.005468812,0.0004812462],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973801,0.0002409204,0.0007429872,0.0006281881,0.00008102308,0.0001594693,0.0001122979,0.0001827352,0.0004722119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9830804,0.00006311866,0.01452568,0.00154984,0.00003455638,1.004856e-7,0.0005497621,0.000006139424,0.0001903538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9224758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5962039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004462990","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2011002","title":"A comparison of airborne electromagnetic data with ground resistivity data over the Midwest deposit in the Athabasca basin","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; Laurentian University","funders":"Areva","keywords":"Geology; Basement; Structural basin; Lithology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Unconformity; Uranium; Basin and range topography; Geomorphology; Drilling; Geophysics; Mineralogy; Geochemistry; Petrology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06942421755660978,"gpt":0.2847091275770133,"spread":0.2152849100204036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008385458,0.0002053707,0.0003486682,0.00001232552,0.0002138918,0.0000800061,0.002284026,0.0000600663,0.0001324216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009106958,0.0001069955,0.00003725634,0.0009290148,0.0003061297,0.0003587275,0.0001653862,0.000463492,0.00007163192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000309649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008167096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07364009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01882874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976406,0.0006145106,0.0002696686,0.0005248379,0.0005146906,0.0004357015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996727,0.001013937,0.00014943,0.002007929,0.00003693688,0.00006475752],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007635782,0.001129806,0.8412096,0.0001004844,0.000111043,0.00003778826,0.002797253,0.0002758989,0.0002176173,0.0005545553,0.001773768,0.1510286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002096352,0.0006081902,0.9726623,0.00001600511,0.00006857023,0.000003539821,0.0001033088,0.02410595,0.0001829768,0.00116318,0.0007163924,0.0001599828],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974318,0.0004044513,0.0002096076,0.0002483423,0.00005345777,0.0002842647,0.0002196909,0.00001672713,0.001131666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925752,0.00001658618,0.006868728,0.0001768687,0.00005498187,8.27931e-7,0.0002602166,0.000006259494,0.00004028008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1508686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2963099419","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12058","title":"Bacterial Stern layer diffusion: experimental determination with spectral induced polarization and sensitivity to nitrite toxicity","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Chemistry; Shewanella oneidensis; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Induced polarization; Chemical physics; Materials science; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Environmental chemistry; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00671634169413906,"gpt":0.2005453675702735,"spread":0.1938290258761344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008829463,0.0001255694,0.000112475,0.000006947289,0.00009343071,0.00008319077,0.00003661375,0.00006049147,0.0002660175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000313197,0.0001102506,0.00001862594,0.0001317268,0.00003146684,0.0002732657,0.0001093428,0.00007383185,0.0003220659],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007783104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008521932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00048554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002040852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991921,0.00005152088,0.00009335121,0.0002759279,0.0002146493,0.0001724099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997128,0.00001626019,0.00005447336,0.0001296914,0.00001010118,0.00007664299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006615779,0.00006372688,0.06217796,0.000004374343,0.000001837936,0.00000182621,0.0004918719,0.00008229237,0.9362177,0.000002658478,0.000009623668,0.0008800005],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004540256,0.0002902097,0.4438605,0.000008843939,0.000006089713,0.000003891691,0.00005115956,0.002917985,0.5520352,0.000006362533,0.0001664224,0.0001992767],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990904,0.000001490468,0.00007322072,0.00005161079,0.0001576538,0.0003551616,0.00001130701,0.00002295755,0.0002362033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983004,8.053733e-7,0.001289613,0.0001139198,0.00006632983,0.000001010346,0.00002550323,0.00001269712,0.0001897587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3841825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.449589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2007673730","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2014003","title":"Integrating MRS data with hydrologic model ‐ Carrizal Catchment (Spain)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Vanguard College","funders":"","keywords":"Aquifer; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrogeology; Geology; MODFLOW; Hydrology (agriculture); Specific storage; Hydrological modelling; Groundwater model; Hydraulic head; Soil science; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater recharge","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01458059777515574,"gpt":0.2955099959061166,"spread":0.2809293981309609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001369017,0.0002054948,0.0002048375,0.000006208899,0.000302543,0.0001017833,0.0004880042,0.00003253571,0.00004226045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002463244,0.0001671973,0.00004217502,0.0001595788,0.00009026695,0.0001904579,0.0001779139,0.0002589159,0.0001345881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001828694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009725485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004974115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001653611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988523,0.00003580072,0.0001581173,0.0004400745,0.0001818569,0.000331835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987223,0.00005359651,0.0001073329,0.0009822503,0.0000446285,0.00008990807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000722249,0.0008215586,0.06337193,0.00003799284,0.0002902669,0.000001546892,0.001627185,0.342083,0.02331051,0.5465397,0.003244017,0.01860009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003433324,0.0000922876,0.0002175866,0.00001506227,0.00005180751,2.867708e-7,0.0002281084,0.978983,0.002515163,0.0131827,0.004064207,0.0003064128],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8200044,0.000007652708,0.1675259,0.0003211359,0.00003616268,0.0001977782,0.0001213783,0.00007005341,0.01171548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9648939,8.732342e-7,0.03403771,0.0001124199,0.0001820511,0.00001741775,0.0002961329,0.00002661497,0.00043287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6369001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6818107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2333445757","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2006021","title":"A discrete conductor transformation of airborne electromagnetic data","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Moment (physics); Conductor; Geometry; Context (archaeology); Geology; Section (typography); Traverse; Electrical conductor; Plane (geometry); Mathematics; Physics; Geodesy; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02598267070545479,"gpt":0.2642136264572124,"spread":0.2382309557517576,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004955321,0.0001504608,0.0002525157,0.00001671878,0.00009803881,0.00003131223,0.0004221836,0.00006853115,0.0003568441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000478263,0.0001217534,0.00006369005,0.0006074884,0.0001224477,0.0003506766,0.00001878196,0.0002048677,0.0002459799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002724685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005684838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001595778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002435415,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985551,0.0000783625,0.0003020498,0.0002799001,0.0003495619,0.0004350411],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989452,0.0003044907,0.0000984127,0.0004545689,0.00006088273,0.0001364298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003683454,0.0001777936,0.006316056,0.0001550431,0.0000827239,0.00001173727,0.001047161,0.00185058,0.02428408,0.001646014,0.0003011261,0.9637594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006851516,0.001214258,0.9035774,0.00001991458,0.0000817397,0.000005241625,0.000121142,0.06005464,0.01753932,0.01015457,0.006074855,0.0004717292],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936754,0.0002000537,0.002116404,0.000150913,0.0001430492,0.0001699913,0.0001480785,0.00004080467,0.003355304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872475,0.00002020851,0.0121515,0.00007081115,0.00008200469,1.204999e-7,0.0002885148,0.000004763354,0.0001345461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9632876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4964961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037280616","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2013058","title":"Exploiting the MRS‐phase information to enhance detection of masked deep aquifers: examples from the Netherlands","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"International Game Technology (Canada)","funders":"University of Twente","keywords":"Aquifer; Geology; Amplitude; Borehole; Hydrogeology; Depth sounding; Inversion (geology); Seismology; Geophysics; Groundwater; Geomorphology; Structural basin; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00809989920194317,"gpt":0.2862795204229544,"spread":0.2781796212210113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000871881,0.000118586,0.0001152093,0.000005463043,0.0003285289,0.0001446891,0.0002377765,0.00002388005,0.0001647807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006765104,0.00007836727,0.00006451784,0.0002296547,0.00005496297,0.0003808926,0.00005570753,0.0001482497,0.000405791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001215418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002319228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00411071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003020968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999283,0.00004130992,0.0002205269,0.0001204554,0.0001489883,0.0001857696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999132,0.0001868469,0.0001629545,0.0003819004,0.00009534654,0.00004093551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005907458,0.000269664,0.005314969,0.00001685919,0.0001729478,5.319243e-8,0.02079757,0.0051898,0.5851213,0.008242219,0.0009287316,0.3738868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009008248,0.0002203804,0.0231734,0.00006860222,0.00009900572,1.804869e-7,0.01661352,0.03438997,0.8760675,0.02894321,0.01897557,0.0005478861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9109381,0.00001417117,0.08748107,0.0003870338,0.00006030143,0.000409724,0.00004156146,0.00002445908,0.0006435736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978417,0.00000226921,0.00161511,0.0001302361,0.000218026,0.00009615005,0.00004683478,0.00001073418,0.00003896066],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3733389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6214192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3156476596","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12158","title":"Microseismic monitoring of rockbursts with the ensemble Kalman filter","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Microseism; Geology; Seismology; Rock mass classification; Ensemble Kalman filter; Kalman filter; Seismic hazard; Passive seismic; Seismic velocity; Mining engineering; Extended Kalman filter; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0116075729913128,"gpt":0.2048181783385177,"spread":0.1932106053472049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008952022,0.0001038154,0.0001295877,0.000006853342,0.0001873098,0.00005561574,0.0001698991,0.00003333084,0.0001531309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007385491,0.00006887771,0.0000492146,0.000215598,0.0001085219,0.0001207995,0.00001754194,0.0001470082,0.0001083767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002940875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009126015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001836785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001444216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992705,0.00004754244,0.00009682954,0.0001742906,0.0002081986,0.0002026522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994355,0.00008103507,0.00006301871,0.0002829736,0.0000889373,0.00004857767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008926705,0.00008154156,0.812208,0.00009883309,0.0001162981,0.00006150267,0.003140455,0.01495361,0.03314519,0.00005016343,0.03016402,0.1058911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004249219,0.0002055384,0.2024791,0.0001295919,0.00005470005,0.00003557981,0.001934541,0.01471579,0.7104375,0.0007116153,0.068446,0.0004251192],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961165,0.000406699,0.0001768663,0.0006727455,0.000160372,0.00005538305,0.00001664373,0.00005008867,0.002344659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928739,0.00004498474,0.005282092,0.0005083868,0.00005670759,2.337855e-7,0.00001821718,0.000005324892,0.001210123],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6772923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2808751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042724775","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12120","title":"Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance logging in glaciomarine sediments near Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Silt; Rock magnetism; Magnetic susceptibility; Mineralogy; Borehole; Remanence; Magnetization; Geomorphology; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005938901928530859,"gpt":0.2271249080176736,"spread":0.2211860060891427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003999632,0.0002013337,0.0002287824,0.000005039466,0.000226776,0.00009626036,0.0002555072,0.00003121506,0.001174264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001662355,0.0002293546,0.00004731738,0.0002824501,0.00005865665,0.0001188274,0.0001108939,0.0003594611,0.0002502152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001415889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005330368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8974376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3719015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987387,0.00002494761,0.0002363552,0.0003729122,0.0002261933,0.000400892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994282,0.00002510797,0.00007448464,0.0002895396,0.00002824592,0.0001544826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001546862,0.0007994124,0.8512749,0.00008373395,0.0001071497,0.00006415683,0.007248376,0.01470228,0.01766726,0.03489835,0.0445919,0.02840781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001543948,0.0001635167,0.1508679,0.0000372111,0.00003596088,5.175692e-7,0.0003501638,0.0244584,0.001926809,0.001750057,0.8181325,0.0007329618],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882151,0.00006007648,0.00004729002,0.001074966,0.00007966164,0.000229031,0.00005637491,0.00003542332,0.0102021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956176,0.000001214654,0.002776149,0.0005629485,0.0001181127,0.000009896452,0.00004307515,0.00003361108,0.0008373571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7735406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3216968226","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12187","title":"Application of crosshole electrical resistivity tomography measurements under the influence of horizontally slotted plastic cased boreholes","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Casing; Geology; Electrode; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Tomography; Acoustics; Electrical resistivity tomography; Materials science; Dipole; Geotechnical engineering; Electrical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Optics; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01577362424873279,"gpt":0.2389639571810369,"spread":0.2231903329323041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000293339,0.0001685535,0.0003133755,0.00001829242,0.0001853785,0.0000388287,0.0002667577,0.00008359716,0.00002883137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002139226,0.0001240535,0.0001475632,0.001551959,0.0002681295,0.0001084723,0.00002492196,0.0002430976,0.00003392476],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005734655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001606096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002552586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004011191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981329,0.0002848965,0.0003162905,0.0003264738,0.0006147688,0.0003246482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979718,0.001028887,0.0001918182,0.0003718121,0.0003399533,0.00009569422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004471347,0.0007280127,0.3756748,0.0001599883,0.0002428224,0.00001182553,0.0002271042,0.2758742,0.2387827,0.001335678,0.00007190498,0.1064439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002228137,0.0002005957,0.9663957,0.00001206826,0.00004690574,0.000001458267,0.00001804136,0.007736744,0.02160865,0.003526317,0.00009386922,0.000136796],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978181,0.0002262724,0.00132438,0.00008293948,0.00006004858,0.0001602443,0.00006901255,0.00002319242,0.0002358565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974917,0.00000955915,0.002332967,0.00006835074,0.00003205701,0.000001641064,0.00003231511,0.000005213102,0.0000262596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.590721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5058753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737982697","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2017018","title":"Airborne mapping of sensitive clay—stretching the limits of AEM resolution and accuracy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geology; Drilling; Geotechnical engineering; Hydrogeology; Engineering geology; Electromagnetics; Geophysical survey; Igneous petrology; Clay minerals; High resolution; Mining engineering; Remote sensing; Geophysics; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Seismology; Mineralogy; Tectonics; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03515712538538483,"gpt":0.268105185307207,"spread":0.2329480599218222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003430874,0.0001186675,0.000248874,0.000009395624,0.0004365605,0.0000627796,0.0002331751,0.00005751877,0.00001384053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003185216,0.00008076165,0.00007407514,0.0001405776,0.0003244927,0.0002157277,0.00004087411,0.0002099539,0.00002270808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001694791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003646451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003386694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007353359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989924,0.0001548069,0.000192539,0.0001978975,0.0002298018,0.0002325922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984238,0.000764035,0.0002934462,0.0003605203,0.00009571989,0.0000624342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001244466,0.00006473075,0.03812283,0.0001160449,0.00008957907,0.00000724562,0.002296979,0.006745408,0.00996805,0.001158235,0.00009096837,0.9412155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001598363,0.0001276597,0.9362277,0.00003769616,0.00002211329,0.000001575883,0.0001333067,0.04968458,0.007831529,0.005456574,0.0002089248,0.000108519],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971859,0.0001425691,0.0001471044,0.0005744413,0.0001119435,0.0001225277,0.00003457749,0.00001096828,0.001670006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960268,0.00005365919,0.003738599,0.00004112489,0.0000691618,1.560181e-7,0.000006382353,0.000003054266,0.00006113675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.941107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5119691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291271052","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12231","title":"Detecting subsea permafrost layers on marine seismic data: An appraisal from forward modelling","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Geology; Subsea; Reflection (computer programming); Seafloor spreading; Stratigraphy; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Remote sensing; Seismology; Geophysics; Tectonics; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03556530437393982,"gpt":0.2482739985328482,"spread":0.2127086941589083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003869522,0.0002002345,0.0002041199,0.00002819464,0.0008311758,0.0001488583,0.0007425526,0.00004404881,0.00092235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000164972,0.0002065192,0.00005775555,0.000249675,0.00006899281,0.0005156947,0.0002018746,0.0005403432,0.0002173978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001521075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000786712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03933249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008018295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981645,0.0001572441,0.0001900552,0.0005995924,0.0005008358,0.0003878177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987324,0.0002301498,0.0001014215,0.0007837994,0.00002761605,0.0001245383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009542371,0.00004550729,0.034317,0.000006497509,0.00002305344,0.0000176387,0.0006225875,0.9025914,0.0001248618,0.00001080103,0.002616115,0.05952911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001924142,0.0001754945,0.002120189,0.000004935403,0.0000171072,0.000003207212,0.0007580818,0.9685017,0.0004165892,0.0006363783,0.02691708,0.0002568157],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925656,0.00004900702,0.002661211,0.0002197086,0.0006779755,0.0001241697,0.001999496,0.0002787944,0.001423981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845663,0.00001917412,0.009508216,0.001337231,0.0001624004,9.665271e-7,0.004250767,0.00001718021,0.0001377049],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0659103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293704200","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12235","title":"The effects of receiver arrangement on velocity analysis with multi‐concurrent receiver GPR data","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Amgen (Canada)","funders":"Northumbria University","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Geology; Offset (computer science); Transducer; Refraction; Radar; Acoustics; Reflection (computer programming); Remote sensing; Geophone; Computer science; Seismology; Optics; Telecommunications; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01980314658565225,"gpt":0.2556846154398554,"spread":0.2358814688542032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001965696,0.0001641967,0.0002500631,0.00001518138,0.0003502999,0.0000311005,0.0005295289,0.00002106355,0.00002221127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002298712,0.0001236079,0.00008812238,0.0008750763,0.00007978536,0.00005698574,0.0002034554,0.0002936909,0.00002829035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006871542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001986748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001138808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002115706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988359,0.0001161347,0.0001647721,0.0002928728,0.0003607515,0.000229632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983757,0.0004280045,0.00007537171,0.001012576,0.00005306823,0.0000552973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001220218,0.001461559,0.00234885,0.0004388777,0.004573197,0.000009511105,0.002183222,0.6579936,0.03323439,0.00649446,0.004456384,0.286684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002082536,0.0007186009,0.2213381,0.00006514553,0.00205298,5.607292e-7,0.0005046733,0.645864,0.007224734,0.0007502998,0.1182897,0.001108718],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937722,0.0001778564,0.004828259,0.0001055163,0.0002573254,0.0004141275,0.0001913576,0.00008408505,0.000169256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920001,0.00008651664,0.007538379,0.00002885477,0.00003533529,0.00006394718,0.00009417613,0.0000294009,0.000123313],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2855752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5040583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2095226182","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2012057","title":"Effect of hydrocarbon contamination on streaming potential","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Streaming current; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Hydraulic head; Sediment; Current (fluid); Geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrology (agriculture); Mineralogy; Soil science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Geotechnical engineering; Soil water; Electrokinetic phenomena; Geomorphology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006606712953576619,"gpt":0.2296478831047299,"spread":0.2230411701511532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003644122,0.0001488966,0.000240837,0.00001447048,0.00009199299,0.00001944131,0.0001085406,0.00006887857,0.0001282402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000578168,0.0001123662,0.0001001114,0.0002794048,0.00005751205,0.0001574986,0.000008985683,0.0001656809,0.0003872666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003919919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001178741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006640467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005594281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987397,0.0002719887,0.0001468072,0.0001590786,0.0003201468,0.0003622649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990974,0.0005155355,0.00008735353,0.0001532172,0.00002557693,0.0001208911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002293934,0.0001236576,0.06810244,0.00006556309,0.00003356091,0.000002492736,0.0001912156,0.008717307,0.003676303,0.0002473396,0.00003095509,0.9185798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005256176,0.002378513,0.9050661,0.00002157206,0.00006435836,0.000001511348,0.00001464935,0.04112998,0.04960879,0.0006290394,0.0003066246,0.000253283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959588,0.00009635056,0.0001192355,0.00002354556,0.0003582886,0.0001369729,0.00001413317,0.00003042057,0.003262227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990959,0.000004671393,0.0005195983,0.0000325657,0.0001790561,4.052524e-7,0.00003224058,0.000004463241,0.000131075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9183265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4977658,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2474832209","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2017049","title":"Specific polarizability of sand–clay mixtures with varying ethanol concentration","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Illite; Polarizability; Conductivity; Adsorption; Mineralogy; Clay minerals; Saturation (graph theory); Kaolinite; Chemistry; Induced polarization; Hydraulic conductivity; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Porosity; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Geology; Soil science; Chromatography; Soil water; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02006738560428804,"gpt":0.2437439350651323,"spread":0.2236765494608442,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002033671,0.0001661633,0.0002841238,0.000005663212,0.000449051,0.0001617906,0.0003305796,0.0000821534,0.0002665624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005772381,0.0001204352,0.00007930629,0.0001456427,0.0003267081,0.000303365,0.00001785284,0.0002333947,0.0001133917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000307511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006565189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002334541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002881327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987144,0.000118616,0.0001874672,0.0003143922,0.0003349807,0.0003301525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998817,0.000228539,0.0002097615,0.0005263782,0.00009998392,0.0001183635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005741259,0.0002370975,0.3588887,0.0001252357,0.00009756443,0.00001819411,0.0007456557,0.00752675,0.3017452,0.0001092044,0.0001499392,0.3297823],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005322424,0.0004469301,0.4513434,0.00002759521,0.00002786388,0.000001765512,0.000002093924,0.008236563,0.531185,0.007743642,0.0001523842,0.0003006088],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9561453,0.0001791657,0.0006371681,0.0002185234,0.0002103813,0.0001941267,0.0000467291,0.00003068286,0.04233791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897336,0.00002084903,0.009983126,0.00004352758,0.0001120951,3.320425e-7,0.00002631561,0.000004696867,0.00007542533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3294817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4911206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401274005","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12316","title":"A fine‐tuning workflow for automatic first‐break picking with deep learning","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre de Géomatique du Québec","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Overfitting; Computer science; Initialization; Artificial intelligence; Workflow; Artificial neural network; Set (abstract data type); Deep learning; Machine learning; Unavailability; Data mining; Pattern recognition (psychology); Database; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009551043609012573,"gpt":0.2063269680376111,"spread":0.1967759244285985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002096594,0.0001682254,0.0001713768,0.00002988371,0.0004048405,0.0003221933,0.0001537265,0.00005365989,0.0002536302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002671279,0.0001349699,0.00007500417,0.0003321236,0.00007745002,0.0002953362,0.00001276424,0.0002540417,0.0002543354],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009415395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006198783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001138568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009949555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989792,0.00003167344,0.0001374387,0.0002936414,0.0002110862,0.0003469244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993436,0.0003468433,0.00004506432,0.0001552445,0.00003918665,0.00007004082],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003113757,0.00001700084,0.05059713,0.0004192335,0.00008574249,0.000039817,0.002749011,0.08003839,0.00005135883,0.0001365657,0.005022898,0.8608117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001197172,0.0001640463,0.002723368,0.0002824051,0.00002984396,0.000009384518,0.000144893,0.9428385,0.0001830848,0.0007336068,0.05255823,0.0002129106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9691831,0.001212604,0.02430764,0.0007324507,0.0004236029,0.0003049332,0.00001629018,0.001245186,0.002574138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9539754,0.00002097778,0.04477027,0.0002070036,0.0001042434,0.000002450432,0.00006596316,0.00001693925,0.0008367943],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8628001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5503913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2020576106","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2010003","title":"Remote resistivity contrast mapping using the CARIS system at Terme de Caracalla archaeological site, Rome, Italy","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Field (mathematics); Mineralogy; Electrical engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01821443648809287,"gpt":0.2323773165693329,"spread":0.2141628800812401,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007070181,0.0002735781,0.000410501,0.00001626992,0.0008003543,0.0001178063,0.0003895469,0.000198921,0.000134373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001721394,0.0001811501,0.0001885119,0.0005115962,0.0004316898,0.0001182516,0.00009749873,0.0008291102,0.0005084518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002597651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009351563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0114165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001812637,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976009,0.000435841,0.0002784801,0.0004782992,0.0004093721,0.0007971746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998024,0.001025705,0.0001446497,0.0004529364,0.00008614232,0.0002665076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004550681,0.00016565,0.5190257,0.0003158747,0.0002312663,0.0004517901,0.002776033,0.03149724,0.1138198,0.001124689,0.0002761599,0.3298607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001696657,0.00008006385,0.7544245,0.00001694379,0.00003563814,0.00004850339,0.00006255955,0.2415567,0.0005639177,0.001194702,0.001580855,0.0002659659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958966,0.00007411402,0.001520642,0.000279826,0.0004128285,0.0002448576,0.00007158174,0.0001046219,0.001394949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799817,0.000004665602,0.01910451,0.0001545295,0.0003134985,4.601816e-7,0.00003073421,0.000009068135,0.0004007842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3295947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9951665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392593955","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12292","title":"Studying GPR's direct and reflected waves","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Criminal Justice Association","funders":"","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Geology; Transmitter; Radar; Offset (computer science); SIGNAL (programming language); Reflection (computer programming); Polarization (electrochemistry); Economic geology; Optics; Amplitude; Acoustics; Hydrogeology; Physics; Channel (broadcasting); Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01640090641179727,"gpt":0.2607753860215034,"spread":0.2443744796097061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006562797,0.0001376719,0.0001525783,0.0000100439,0.00009339471,0.0001568922,0.000068129,0.00004254601,0.00001071979],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009525825,0.0001297342,0.0000435501,0.0003591143,0.00004128935,0.00009917557,0.00003608556,0.0001716241,0.0001746814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001614231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001099105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002439642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002675438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993644,0.00002115728,0.0001055323,0.0002072003,0.0001018772,0.0001997757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999593,0.0001237754,0.000007300373,0.0001891535,0.00002259287,0.00006417299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006935708,0.0001087482,0.0002848213,0.0007321124,0.0003368514,0.00002325453,0.00250692,0.009525377,0.7427443,0.02799448,0.002280607,0.2134556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006443613,0.0002338866,0.07301276,0.0004602115,0.0003248753,0.000007399715,0.000581791,0.644621,0.03482692,0.04439467,0.1987335,0.002158589],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922796,0.0010711,0.000880272,0.0000783661,0.0002158764,0.0001293216,0.00001586013,0.0007506615,0.004578874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9839528,0.0001083821,0.01547779,0.00001570031,0.0001125782,0.00001193374,0.000005195624,0.00004421541,0.0002714634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7079174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5290406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078367946","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2014041","title":"Joining multiple AEM datasets to improve accuracy, cross calibration and derived products: The Spiritwood VTEM and AeroTEM case study","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Inversion (geology); Regional geology; Residual; Calibration; Geology; Remote sensing; Environmental geology; Data processing; Economic geology; Preprocessor; Computer science; Algorithm; Seismology; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01920799221037569,"gpt":0.2725116887556542,"spread":0.2533036965452785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004803194,0.0002258087,0.0002396417,0.00001180964,0.000691746,0.0004993651,0.0001865765,0.00006861895,0.00002486985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004389529,0.0001520606,0.00002760757,0.0003896368,0.0001538566,0.0004328725,0.00009782785,0.0004476547,0.00004223967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001753477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005059945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008058057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002779505,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983611,0.0001978557,0.0002320563,0.0005675854,0.0002500063,0.0003913606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984403,0.000724242,0.00009283384,0.0004477621,0.0000723732,0.000222477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002615893,0.0004241886,0.2612461,0.0001124488,0.0001018372,0.0004176337,0.007244173,0.002681864,0.04774844,0.00003640665,0.0003709923,0.6793543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001497616,0.001551421,0.8521889,0.00001199415,0.00009146657,0.0002332849,0.001766265,0.1270259,0.01154793,0.0006785585,0.002609069,0.0007976486],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977864,0.00005764753,0.00009882289,0.0005800884,0.0003021934,0.000866371,0.0002457749,0.00004793768,0.00001478418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940299,0.000003195245,0.005389861,0.0002733327,0.0001993426,0.000004829856,0.00005566817,0.00000831842,0.00003558631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6785566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088286813","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2013001","title":"Gravity anomaly modelling of multiple geological sources having differing strike lengths and arbitrary density contrast variations","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Hyderabad","keywords":"Geology; Density contrast; Gravity anomaly; Gemology; Regional geology; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Fibrous joint; Scale (ratio); Bouguer anomaly; Environmental geology; Seismology; Tectonics; Geophysics; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Engineering geology; Volcanism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02571163448325584,"gpt":0.2156794603732926,"spread":0.1899678258900367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002979644,0.0001900755,0.0003596217,0.00001570353,0.0002991261,0.00004930343,0.0001279933,0.0001091196,0.00005263994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008138265,0.0001567392,0.00009022943,0.0002535832,0.0001617798,0.000287507,0.00003847841,0.0003042331,0.00002966837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003291442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002299371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003897122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000795812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985836,0.0001748206,0.0002402668,0.0002619518,0.0002369558,0.000502446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985133,0.0009296574,0.0001138348,0.0001668216,0.00005430821,0.0002220182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004325337,0.0001235752,0.9481466,0.00002923901,0.00003050612,0.000001585534,0.0004149303,0.03116644,0.001028961,0.0004632495,0.000001874052,0.01854975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001598185,0.00007071461,0.7220091,0.000006659376,0.0000289846,0.000001848412,0.00003363707,0.27356,0.0008063459,0.003137368,0.00003326473,0.0001522971],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827408,0.0003495807,0.01634398,0.00003890793,0.0001251367,0.0001365962,0.00004737013,0.00004655042,0.0001711434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9750407,0.00002422001,0.02471536,0.00004205543,0.000122156,4.922402e-7,0.00002254277,0.000004907932,0.00002761019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2423936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6391639,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390134795","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12288","title":"ERT data assimilation to characterize aquifer hydraulic conductivity heterogeneity through a heat‐tracing experiment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrogeology; Aquifer; Geology; Electrical resistivity tomography; Borehole; Aquifer properties; Groundwater flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Groundwater; Ensemble Kalman filter; Petrophysics; Data assimilation; Geothermal gradient; Context (archaeology); Groundwater model; Soil science; Geophysics; Groundwater recharge; Geotechnical engineering; Extended Kalman filter; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Kalman filter; Porosity; Meteorology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1143481971546675,"gpt":0.3216953555275427,"spread":0.2073471583728752,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004122052,0.0002732779,0.0003756197,0.00002121906,0.0003604492,0.0001651506,0.0004950797,0.00009856808,0.0002420343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008854442,0.0002380401,0.0000910754,0.001139406,0.00007073538,0.0007157634,0.0001508899,0.0002637475,0.003064226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001104967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006318828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00324926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001487891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975396,0.0002434164,0.0002692554,0.0007740536,0.000506379,0.0006672745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984967,0.0003063952,0.00006088538,0.0008422908,0.00005251182,0.0002412283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006127354,0.0007356232,0.06281821,0.0002100987,0.0003636418,0.0001163973,0.005765986,0.1178144,0.1570222,0.0001930091,0.008167797,0.6461799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002833256,0.0003005691,0.8466192,0.00002099414,0.00002905423,0.000002786752,0.00006723158,0.1216187,0.01657882,0.001445635,0.01249865,0.00053494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954564,0.00005595295,0.001194309,0.001195387,0.00055357,0.0003441832,0.0002969295,0.0002250432,0.0006782294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921482,0.00001793907,0.005807582,0.0007845982,0.0002853195,0.000003248934,0.0007599903,0.00001260454,0.0001804736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7838011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3207761439","doi":"10.3997/nsg.155001","title":"Interpolating GPR data using anti‐alias singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Computer science; Geology; Transmitter; Offset (computer science); Interpolation (computer graphics); Frequency domain; Spurious relationship; Algorithm; Alias; Midpoint; Radar; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Computer vision; Channel (broadcasting); Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07056713647458299,"gpt":0.3629183267807169,"spread":0.2923511903061339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003844656,0.0002734489,0.0005069063,0.00003126794,0.0006864072,0.0005196382,0.001099057,0.00009394346,0.00003260733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009297852,0.0002880852,0.0001876055,0.0004598908,0.00009831069,0.0004691431,0.0005140856,0.0003288079,0.00009118752],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000404588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000266601,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009581955,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003055547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984384,0.00007274707,0.0002942518,0.0005044682,0.0002475526,0.0004426385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967163,0.0001414841,0.0001669137,0.002794994,0.00005498396,0.0001253843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001213632,0.000275502,0.01957155,0.0002806471,0.00329083,0.00002823423,0.0009224097,0.3824558,0.5248421,0.007716252,0.0002940925,0.06031039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001244661,0.000009200117,0.0289657,0.00002245006,0.000571909,0.000001051286,0.00003840367,0.9632792,0.002616521,0.002871145,0.001146878,0.00035304],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7093401,0.00005042712,0.2891384,0.0001150102,0.000205259,0.0001201974,0.00008707937,0.0001695933,0.0007739253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6365355,0.000007960614,0.3631436,0.00001424181,0.0001628811,0.000001433424,0.00004182691,0.00004435304,0.00004822177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5808234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2558294245","doi":"10.3997/1783-0604.2016034","title":"Physical characterisation of soils recovered from the ANZAC battlefield","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Geophysics; Hydrogeology; Geology; Battlefield; Ground-penetrating radar; Economic geology; Environmental geology; Dielectric; Mineralogy; Seismology; Geotechnical engineering; Radar; Metamorphic petrology; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0207930587404057,"gpt":0.2608668940095656,"spread":0.2400738352691599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006288792,0.0001258347,0.0002015962,0.00000232884,0.0002365379,0.0001026234,0.0003575206,0.00005266382,0.0000221392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004615358,0.0001002171,0.0001020972,0.00005148975,0.0001024855,0.0001648875,0.00006128452,0.0001794219,0.0001484014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009724215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001264481,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000357308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000091371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993918,0.00002557128,0.0001352509,0.0001480981,0.0001422818,0.0001569778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998744,0.0002468297,0.00009937679,0.0008208671,0.0000495283,0.00003939151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001596516,0.0001517783,0.0020891,0.00004293099,0.0001143771,6.200077e-7,0.001396456,0.002933794,0.8937873,0.004993119,0.0009405231,0.09353409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005817178,0.00007661997,0.7493103,0.00008144566,0.0001090904,2.793772e-7,0.0001415531,0.09892235,0.09397335,0.04800103,0.008240886,0.0005613771],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996928,0.00001772964,0.0008870953,0.0003828848,0.0002416429,0.000132046,0.0001791317,0.00006354232,0.001167903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966475,0.00002168933,0.002871389,0.00003081197,0.0003170936,0.000009493632,0.00002979934,0.00002268567,0.00004956483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7998139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4086735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018336295","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2010033","title":"Automation of the SLUTH method: a novel approach to airborne magnetic data interpretation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Homogeneity (statistics); Geology; Distortion (music); Regional geology; Economic geology; Geodesy; Geometry; Magnetic field; Homogeneous; Magnetic anomaly; Field (mathematics); Geophysics; Hydrogeology; Mathematics; Physics; Statistics; Statistical physics; Geotechnical engineering; Telmatology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02246518001558722,"gpt":0.2615860066606144,"spread":0.2391208266450272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004833563,0.0001397401,0.0002053417,0.00001489644,0.0001191751,0.00005735346,0.0007711843,0.00007416822,0.0001355317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002280192,0.00009324629,0.00006475457,0.0008007954,0.00007973971,0.000194666,0.0000974122,0.0003231955,0.0002126095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001851029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005586434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00142022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001275504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986737,0.0001459737,0.0002201459,0.0003590075,0.0003527633,0.0002484402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998625,0.0003097436,0.0001055666,0.0007780449,0.00007774248,0.0001038923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006215855,0.0002126669,0.002869501,0.0000573635,0.00002351839,2.000303e-7,0.0009857008,0.0379841,0.01914963,0.001116044,0.0003190483,0.93722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001009471,0.00008235787,0.3969818,0.000005404385,0.0000227301,0.000001248754,0.00002168436,0.5991862,0.0008708895,0.001672008,0.0009478772,0.0001068129],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9232169,0.00002230445,0.07153815,0.0003094691,0.0004800801,0.0003507177,0.0001738175,0.00004106762,0.003867435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.700385,6.071531e-7,0.2991253,0.0001528595,0.00006326459,7.429667e-7,0.00006240156,0.000003908332,0.0002058738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9371132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3802474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2996589954","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12081","title":"Acoustic measurements of marine sediments with pebbles and cobbles","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Underwater Acoustics Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Cobble; Sediment; Continental shelf; Seafloor spreading; Mineralogy; Seabed; Geomorphology; Oceanography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02006957607405689,"gpt":0.2228049139757488,"spread":0.2027353379016919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000178609,0.000132056,0.0001946017,0.00001906798,0.00007442113,0.00006283178,0.0001514604,0.00004051736,0.0007284006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007116317,0.0001007157,0.00001920564,0.000173194,0.0001349326,0.0001537671,0.00004326751,0.0001170865,0.0002789327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005128051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008934751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002192219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005162398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986786,0.00004221322,0.0001312676,0.0002317058,0.0006164922,0.0002997383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994195,0.00009232773,0.00005997428,0.0002128277,0.0001151729,0.0001001647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007914759,0.00002693489,0.8943191,0.0001139601,0.00005004743,0.000002890876,0.0001265906,0.09715585,0.005763067,0.000001216595,0.00003143488,0.002329719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001299998,0.0007698069,0.825273,0.00006533528,0.00005817489,0.000006100336,0.000174651,0.1648365,0.006642029,0.0003766833,0.0001682265,0.0003295002],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947628,0.00004886607,0.0002228699,0.00002189859,0.00007110766,0.0002392618,0.00003945271,0.00001814627,0.004575583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929868,0.00001929715,0.00622038,0.00002437713,0.00001513684,2.654987e-7,0.00004343689,0.000007422831,0.0006829088],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06904616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7975476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2754683718","doi":"10.3997/1873-0604.2017021","title":"Self‐potential for monitoring soil remediation by smouldering: a proof of concept","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental remediation; Environmental science; Saturation (graph theory); Soil science; Geology; Contamination","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01611376973307019,"gpt":0.2690213668160664,"spread":0.2529075970829962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007045996,0.0001274053,0.0001917098,0.000004668256,0.0002285644,0.00007544889,0.0002203469,0.00007109008,0.000001747429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003073559,0.0001388444,0.00008589376,0.00004691086,0.00005543534,0.0001518698,0.00003853064,0.0001074274,0.000005585123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001957407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001704777,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003189089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.107125e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993144,0.000009934229,0.0001690053,0.0001587346,0.0001415208,0.0002063858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992712,0.00004992979,0.000105936,0.0004140095,0.0001023302,0.0000565854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002191284,0.000398242,0.0005285853,0.0006890295,0.0002063475,7.088071e-7,0.001285054,0.1094639,0.7838215,0.001903978,0.001104504,0.1005762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000923079,0.00009385521,0.004278693,0.00004245261,0.00008060109,2.481761e-7,0.00006921059,0.2660768,0.7192648,0.003719347,0.005072031,0.0003788265],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9503265,0.00008713694,0.04830306,0.0000767662,0.0004144301,0.0003750928,0.00006059964,0.0001313422,0.0002250792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.953982,0.00001567171,0.04559136,0.000002146689,0.0002453925,0.00004424452,0.00001266857,0.00003528442,0.00007123279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1566129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5661909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386303883","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12268","title":"Hydrogeological structure of a granitic mountain catchment inferred from multi‐method electrical resistivity datasets","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Air Canada; Hyperion Technologies (Canada)","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Saprolite; Geology; Hydrogeology; Electrical resistivity tomography; Bedrock; Weathering; Borehole; Aquifer; Geomorphology; Magnetotellurics; Geophysics; Mineralogy; Regional geology; Electrical resistivity and conductivity; Soil science; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02316135649567427,"gpt":0.279443906339414,"spread":0.2562825498437398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003003541,0.0002932356,0.000553033,0.00003649871,0.0002127807,0.00005633111,0.0004044024,0.0001889464,0.0003911169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002914344,0.0002334161,0.0001496878,0.001496658,0.0001689581,0.0001351763,0.00007165969,0.0004886606,0.0005264499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001034493,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009045073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01202127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004975655,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972146,0.0006024754,0.0003587481,0.0005968325,0.0005571723,0.0006701512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975841,0.001527954,0.0001410023,0.0004473653,0.00006315201,0.0002364036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000831513,0.0007835155,0.2779123,0.0001394239,0.0004340012,0.0002390166,0.0008970275,0.06613893,0.04387827,0.000896038,0.002500891,0.6053491],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000460245,0.0002600714,0.7861559,0.000009443438,0.00006010537,0.000001642985,0.0000168364,0.1856926,0.004082552,0.02215361,0.0008069249,0.0003001004],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946777,0.0001183631,0.001389836,0.0001430847,0.0001594165,0.0002461036,0.003078193,0.000129601,0.00005774094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9639206,0.00001925416,0.03364801,0.0001326027,0.00009759042,9.724554e-7,0.002107855,0.000008436303,0.00006467679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.605049,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385580620","doi":"10.1002/nsg.12264","title":"Relating GPR system parameters to regulatory emissions limits","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Near Surface Geophysics","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Amgen (Canada); Canadian Criminal Justice Association","funders":"Industry Canada","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Computer science; Radar; Remote sensing; Risk analysis (engineering); Geology; Telecommunications; Business","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02378034953606762,"gpt":0.2544883690372034,"spread":0.2307080195011358,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001487853,0.0001802429,0.0002201685,0.0000224888,0.0002159984,0.00005863765,0.0001816689,0.00008318693,0.000004354485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004533453,0.0001872592,0.00009707125,0.001017532,0.00002633444,0.00007445733,0.00005757918,0.0002204933,0.002487245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005752229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001843303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000319586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001214168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988886,0.00003664831,0.0002141812,0.0002580229,0.000213385,0.0003892271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989861,0.0002182252,0.000029853,0.0004992991,0.00005004331,0.0002165014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000524031,0.00003634631,0.0004241811,0.0002977444,0.00007904069,0.000009428822,0.001193309,0.5779739,0.3729036,0.01469632,0.007732027,0.02464884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008725796,0.0001824192,0.1825686,0.0008878798,0.0001742651,0.000006479784,0.002727519,0.7280179,0.03523226,0.007393219,0.03948119,0.002455669],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940617,0.00001912271,0.00108886,0.0001621184,0.0003121019,0.0002556647,0.00002200693,0.001539959,0.002538455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9676355,0.000004716052,0.03149602,0.00003405657,0.00008809172,0.00004091922,0.00001309938,0.00006996515,0.000617659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3376714,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}