{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":14,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"347a799fa0ef","filters":{"venue":"Network Science"}},"results":[{"id":"W3004293141","doi":"10.1017/nws.2020.45","title":"Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection (ABCD)—Fast random graph model with community structure","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Community structure; Benchmark (surveying); Random graph; Scalability; Graph; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Complex network; Degree distribution; Algorithm; Machine learning; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02028907242691966,"gpt":0.2689334541712341,"spread":0.2486443817443144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001376085,0.0002110417,0.0003164478,0.00008113059,0.003410201,0.000231213,0.0006920454,0.00004611843,0.0000595358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001909606,0.0001870222,0.0001434767,0.001756698,0.0005358714,0.0002804678,0.0002704413,0.0008175599,8.138422e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005246312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000209796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004610464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002781996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982058,0.0003731835,0.000283513,0.0002827859,0.000335011,0.0005196895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998061,0.0003086619,0.0001716273,0.0009152989,0.0004219773,0.0001214089],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004726211,0.0007124947,0.01026713,0.00004223565,0.000204891,0.000001331324,0.002024903,0.7686855,0.04119653,0.02736638,0.002002537,0.1470235],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007516316,0.0001755817,0.002345322,0.00008260837,0.0001496965,0.00000431199,0.0009001612,0.5953511,0.03238889,0.3669,0.000426123,0.000524633],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.514788,0.00001735563,0.4830172,0.00002930352,0.00008083143,0.0002294974,0.00002694812,0.00006557474,0.001745273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832982,0.000001116205,0.01607426,0.00007977418,0.0003383549,0.00004761877,0.0001011579,0.00001602596,0.00004353061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4685102,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2984649464","doi":"10.1017/nws.2019.28","title":"The networked question in the digital era: How do networked, bounded, and limited individuals connect at different stages in the life course?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Individualism; Digital media; Wonder; Social media; Bounded function; Internet privacy; Face (sociological concept); Set (abstract data type); Life course approach; Population; Psychology; Social psychology; Sociology; Computer science; World Wide Web; Political science; Mathematics; Demography; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.013209948970898,"gpt":0.2841630277614439,"spread":0.2709530787905459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007452051,0.0002457059,0.0002583635,0.00008541197,0.002343404,0.00243831,0.002364998,0.0001980508,0.00001021312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009356684,0.0001279249,0.00005474283,0.002148163,0.003311753,0.0006241446,0.0003740742,0.0007174793,0.00001604063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001850706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000218861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001546709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003393749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955981,0.0009175254,0.0003016146,0.0005126154,0.001347601,0.001322542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972275,0.001671394,0.0002540834,0.0006504276,0.00006658686,0.0001300455],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003446937,0.00008888679,0.9607325,0.000003205339,0.00001002167,0.000004961958,0.003647862,0.0006287972,0.000003112109,0.01412792,0.008536201,0.01218207],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006193522,0.0001176361,0.9677907,0.0001365674,0.00001633944,0.000006748216,0.008076574,0.001693778,0.000001342805,0.004479901,0.01680526,0.0002558134],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697747,0.001985408,0.00001149647,0.02344681,0.0008116863,0.001166092,0.000003804613,0.00007406069,0.002725918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969253,0.0007322907,0.00001743438,0.001597289,0.000359828,0.00003730507,0.00000341071,0.00001166346,0.000315475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02715058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994007,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3208496800","doi":"10.1017/nws.2021.18","title":"Measuring reciprocity: Double sampling, concordance, and network construction","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology); Concordance; Interpersonal ties; Social psychology; Exponential random graph models; Psychology; Computer science; Graph; Theoretical computer science; Random graph","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06435775719973422,"gpt":0.3085600578360818,"spread":0.2442023006363475,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002298649,0.000131159,0.0002196826,0.00003030295,0.003229219,0.0004229267,0.0003084616,0.0001213717,0.00009183208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001984314,0.0001403444,0.0000527274,0.002366626,0.002387424,0.0005403465,0.0002027445,0.0002522251,0.00001625011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002010168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007424738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003617076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002494818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974901,0.0001202554,0.0002245636,0.0005410067,0.0007162509,0.0009077919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99883,0.0001857703,0.0001234715,0.0001963266,0.0003635331,0.0003008801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008072004,0.00004739561,0.0800826,0.00001615381,0.00002942664,0.00002468845,0.008999517,0.003091614,0.0002697873,0.7075653,0.008988522,0.1908042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002106997,0.0001432358,0.06526312,0.0005929072,0.0001019204,0.00008372343,0.01861716,0.001564948,0.0005239389,0.1956707,0.7135565,0.001774831],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6909063,0.006282455,0.002402338,0.001729359,0.007314143,0.0004114869,0.000001626434,0.0003233738,0.2906289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9804795,0.001712303,0.01071795,0.0008561155,0.005241517,0.00001947365,0.000002197396,0.00001352077,0.0009574613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.704568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3217035451","doi":"10.1017/nws.2022.27","title":"A multi-purposed unsupervised framework for comparing embeddings of undirected and directed graphs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Embedding; Computer science; Scalability; Theoretical computer science; Graph embedding; Graph; Node (physics); Topological graph theory; Set (abstract data type); Representation (politics); Undirected graph; Artificial intelligence; Line graph; Voltage graph","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02806176680437631,"gpt":0.283082251646283,"spread":0.2550204848419066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009740666,0.0002274324,0.0003922356,0.0002747909,0.001337552,0.0001358436,0.002020343,0.00005089386,0.000006983117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002051526,0.0002337968,0.00009625195,0.005859909,0.0005926386,0.0005893733,0.001270054,0.0003730191,4.74894e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006658425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001075315,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001351858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001041641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971008,0.0001097546,0.0004031805,0.0009173172,0.0006402637,0.0008286996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979624,0.0006491232,0.0002861292,0.000694413,0.0002000087,0.0002079593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000291911,0.0006227974,0.04722052,0.0001140255,0.00008964725,0.00003272872,0.00416484,0.2880955,0.03018411,0.5745851,0.001518375,0.05308035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006920433,0.0001892326,0.01882242,0.00005211285,0.00001021652,0.0000159246,0.00005391196,0.9301725,0.0004981831,0.04870067,0.0004733296,0.0003194599],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2768745,0.0008180832,0.7192971,0.0001921426,0.001200191,0.0008826898,0.000007122169,0.0006008348,0.0001273734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5975152,0.00001792103,0.4021412,0.0001844793,0.00002994532,0.00008247309,0.000001969454,0.00001179914,0.00001505816],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.642077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2516965256","doi":"10.1017/nws.2016.13","title":"Evolution through bursts: Network structure develops through localized bursts in time and space","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Assortativity; Homophily; Network formation; Network dynamics; Computer science; Preferential attachment; Network model; Dynamic network analysis; Kuramoto model; Cluster analysis; Statistical physics; Complex network; Physics; Computer network; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Synchronization (alternating current)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008107822286294569,"gpt":0.2518100767904448,"spread":0.2437022545041503,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007214382,0.0003050219,0.0004124341,0.00006540187,0.0004428721,0.0001499502,0.000704947,0.00008341764,0.000387879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002144128,0.0002258997,0.00007072636,0.002396853,0.0008134327,0.0008181614,0.0004301186,0.0002109556,0.00003342109],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002154423,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001880019,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003478025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001194094,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971547,0.0001126113,0.0003944986,0.0007891649,0.0005345943,0.001014418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988282,0.0001732214,0.0002089184,0.0005462804,0.0001276563,0.0001157471],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009902528,0.0001188191,0.5639611,0.00001051211,0.0000805095,0.000006842505,0.0006627253,0.02429248,0.005053177,0.3388221,0.03550622,0.03138651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001337159,0.0001043005,0.06464579,0.0006395554,0.00006619885,0.000006589726,0.00006196652,0.02022605,0.001119813,0.876239,0.03441641,0.001137167],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6598243,0.001128511,0.3264048,0.001171225,0.0004738056,0.0007607492,0.0000202218,0.0003027973,0.00991368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9670454,0.0000338881,0.03128804,0.0001156445,0.001113646,0.00001815469,0.000007268182,0.0000219506,0.0003559837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5374169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9211923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3157446178","doi":"10.1017/nws.2021.4","title":"A fused mixed-methods approach to thematic analysis of personal networks: Two case studies of caregiver support networks","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Community Health and Development","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Trillium Health Centre","funders":"University of Rochester","keywords":"Computer science; Thematic analysis; Typology; Cluster analysis; Coding (social sciences); Artificial intelligence; Data science; Qualitative research; Human–computer interaction; Mathematics; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1314831185448136,"gpt":0.515090289661629,"spread":0.3836071711168153,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009434963,0.0002403641,0.001119395,0.000402895,0.001592162,0.00001464622,0.0005730266,0.0001206945,0.0001604976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009785388,0.0002044919,0.000200457,0.009835487,0.0005768319,0.0001242987,0.001039141,0.0006427659,0.000004633455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002799625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001867038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002481465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001343589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946815,0.001739712,0.001193805,0.0005555954,0.0006565908,0.001172813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935005,0.003175642,0.0005571808,0.0009171841,0.001365684,0.0004838452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001988912,0.0007868244,0.07824619,0.001565051,0.001803819,0.0002519247,0.1964745,0.6290826,0.00006070359,0.006006667,0.02747105,0.05805181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001316139,0.0002052607,0.03060383,0.000782787,0.001187212,0.0001215782,0.1656969,0.7976067,0.00001971208,0.0004002411,0.00142499,0.0006346721],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7210436,0.004608357,0.2570931,0.0005437894,0.002668498,0.001775538,0.00002089591,0.00009532841,0.01215087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9131479,0.0002069065,0.0844119,0.001522255,0.0002029944,0.0001294522,0.00001858789,0.00001547946,0.000344491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1921043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134772369","doi":"10.1017/nws.2020.48","title":"Functional disability and the role of children in U.S. older adults’ core discussion networks","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Psychology; Core (optical fiber); Embeddedness; Developmental psychology; Gee; Perspective (graphical); Gerontology; Medicine; Sociology; Generalized estimating equation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005407935555924417,"gpt":0.2365715352602906,"spread":0.2311635997043662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001445349,0.00005348564,0.00009249611,0.00001194083,0.0005825981,0.0000607707,0.0001840848,0.00003790111,0.00005396366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001459477,0.0000311888,0.00003673277,0.0006922384,0.001928676,0.0001436098,0.0001280814,0.0001052984,4.674683e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005530791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001703671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000541403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005241374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988812,0.0001082453,0.0001524231,0.0002337691,0.0003965836,0.0002277375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999521,0.0001251834,0.0000533363,0.0001306426,0.0001204762,0.00004937686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003148571,0.00004786727,0.7145838,0.000001393738,0.000002772169,2.996808e-7,0.002363159,0.0164058,0.0000308756,0.2533548,0.0001545417,0.01302323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000269062,0.000004668272,0.9126918,0.00004942767,0.000002896336,9.704155e-7,0.00210938,0.07725684,0.000006250609,0.007435747,0.0001122898,0.00006071801],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936734,0.0007135269,0.0003604733,0.001268964,0.0003896252,0.0001531015,0.000001797201,0.000007207803,0.003431881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999173,0.0001177113,0.00009515638,0.0001423263,0.0003334796,0.000008418048,0.000005643667,0.000002303924,0.0001219656],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2459191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7106286,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2310244163","doi":"10.1017/nws.2016.1","title":"Homophily, influence and the decay of segregation in self-organizing networks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Arizona; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Homophily; Vertex (graph theory); Similarity (geometry); Preferential attachment; Computer science; Phenomenon; Network model; Complex network; Theoretical computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Combinatorics; Epistemology; Graph; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003198444830000384,"gpt":0.2169475327338654,"spread":0.213749087903865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001394098,0.0001018893,0.0001876215,0.00007032647,0.0001893104,0.00005108482,0.0004210693,0.00002100851,0.00002040837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000157943,0.00005764835,0.00003691812,0.001487968,0.0007470633,0.0002954621,0.0002226311,0.00009249544,0.000001634549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002831694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005712076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001190274,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002816845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988596,0.00007492103,0.00026924,0.0002640775,0.0002183304,0.0003138436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990342,0.0003242968,0.0001704033,0.0003177609,0.0001060842,0.000047231],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000241409,0.00004498696,0.6024598,0.000003371072,0.00002142081,5.25969e-7,0.0003893603,0.01474602,0.001473911,0.3140122,0.0002286257,0.06659562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002896668,0.00008916725,0.5114471,0.0006463018,0.000100429,0.000005041859,0.0001560708,0.1869512,0.005232507,0.2906564,0.001081123,0.0007380319],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9753894,0.0001964016,0.02189873,0.000287107,0.00005053644,0.0002101019,5.603904e-7,0.00004344151,0.00192377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979067,0.00004175559,0.001834768,0.00003380229,0.0001468052,0.00001373145,3.305361e-7,0.000006181448,0.00001594355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1722052,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2752586,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379512678","doi":"10.1017/nws.2023.11","title":"Exact recovery of Granger causality graphs with unconditional pairwise tests","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Pairwise comparison; Granger causality; Causality (physics); Heuristics; Heuristic; Mathematics; Graph; Computer science; Theoretical computer science; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Econometrics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01050310915852449,"gpt":0.245642663666144,"spread":0.2351395545076195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008552854,0.0001279489,0.0001524699,0.00009994637,0.0001838238,0.00002109166,0.0003194445,0.00006459158,0.00003114425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006317395,0.000107009,0.0000923739,0.002134524,0.0006360929,0.00001053641,0.0001255949,0.00005670645,0.00001343912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001634993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002483966,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000014809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009748959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984788,0.00004942926,0.0001827431,0.0004522412,0.0004333847,0.0004033517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990695,0.00003104943,0.0001219736,0.0004822766,0.0001800197,0.0001151918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001648291,0.0001300835,0.4230957,0.00003992545,0.0002118819,0.00002206474,0.0000448501,0.3098976,0.1874118,0.0007658609,0.07254544,0.005669849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000443367,0.0005476695,0.9617661,0.00007714281,0.00008491738,0.00002439125,0.00004099068,0.002509605,0.02302248,0.003863653,0.007112662,0.0005069852],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984494,0.0002260348,0.0003479413,0.00006915069,0.0001446183,0.0000932015,0.00001671007,0.0000263963,0.000626507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983894,0.00008723343,0.0007232986,0.00008836474,0.0001948356,0.00001321943,0.0001046699,0.00001183575,0.0003871541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5386704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4363702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2792828486","doi":"10.1017/nws.2017.19","title":"Temporal evolution of the degree distribution of alters in growing networks","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; James S. McDonnell Foundation","keywords":"Observability; Degree distribution; Preferential attachment; Computer science; Degree (music); Statistical physics; Network topology; Complex network; Synchronization (alternating current); Network dynamics; Evolving networks; Random graph; Interdependent networks; Theoretical computer science; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Physics; Graph; Discrete mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01743110528949425,"gpt":0.2574856976997779,"spread":0.2400545924102837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000886209,0.00008324922,0.0001587495,0.00004700551,0.0001742733,0.0000148285,0.0005364579,0.00002183599,0.00002219556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001119917,0.00006420622,0.00008567503,0.002379386,0.0008528266,0.0002174156,0.0002091257,0.0001073608,6.670207e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000857677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009827191,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006692659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001152603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998856,0.00005903985,0.0003067178,0.0002067654,0.0002683962,0.0003030571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991961,0.00003992856,0.0002352859,0.0003563632,0.000140273,0.00003206845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008813614,0.00004225733,0.9171911,0.000002018624,0.000007244038,5.474574e-8,0.00004640538,0.02408715,0.0005326316,0.0470767,0.0009990421,0.01000661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001613362,0.00005974444,0.644463,0.0001654141,0.00002125873,2.968376e-7,0.00007602591,0.3346076,0.002339336,0.0175493,0.0004160218,0.0001406925],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8049135,0.00005671093,0.1926637,0.00005082567,0.0002088388,0.0001458,0.000002892418,0.00001474706,0.001943023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988667,7.812838e-7,0.0007341887,0.00001078231,0.0003639479,0.000005103643,0.000004519017,0.000003799938,0.00001016834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3105204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3142275,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2978645537","doi":"10.1017/nws.2019.8","title":"Noting the ties after tying the knot: Photo-based elicitation of retrospective personal network data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Tying; Respondent; Knot tying; Data collection; Computer science; Personal network; Knot (papermaking); Psychology; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Mathematics; Medicine; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02740876028085889,"gpt":0.3002532802814959,"spread":0.272844520000637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005475214,0.0001177905,0.0001611863,0.00002592551,0.002032157,0.0002121014,0.001486413,0.00007452876,0.0002495175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003224825,0.00007292798,0.00006807569,0.001844023,0.002132462,0.0004948123,0.0002985708,0.0002915889,0.00003657329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000114072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004159721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008002155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001684591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973649,0.000258662,0.0002173702,0.0004072833,0.001091265,0.0006605652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981583,0.000862413,0.0002231671,0.0004825763,0.0002057576,0.00006778932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003190421,0.0001123942,0.6187623,0.00003570236,0.00007092413,0.000004218881,0.2156131,0.03344855,0.0002640968,0.077287,0.0253551,0.02872754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005839524,0.0002224943,0.6689131,0.0003609317,0.00008645169,0.000001355928,0.05092933,0.2255733,0.00004847953,0.01688103,0.03563131,0.0007682905],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9558765,0.001266823,0.0002997862,0.00212558,0.002505186,0.0007043904,0.000009821018,0.00006178119,0.03715016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963904,0.0000437362,0.0002631198,0.0009560488,0.002091635,0.00001818215,0.000003679867,0.000008865602,0.000224345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1921248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411500587","doi":"10.1017/nws.2025.6","title":"Accounting for edge uncertainty in stochastic actor-oriented models for dynamic network analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Computer science; Markov chain; Hidden Markov model; Expectation–maximization algorithm; Algorithm; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Artificial intelligence; Theoretical computer science; Machine learning; Mathematics; Maximum likelihood; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0264256621298199,"gpt":0.3006178198945753,"spread":0.2741921577647554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002000259,0.0002335876,0.0004178355,0.0004743079,0.001319285,0.0001425432,0.0006892418,0.00007165787,0.000003787944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008474317,0.0002271862,0.0001954345,0.009742586,0.0005586251,0.0005627596,0.0003071329,0.0001762233,0.000001797765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004212864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003358275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003117927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007630885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967864,0.00006381823,0.0003862545,0.001220381,0.0004452105,0.001097986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9891488,0.009917223,0.0001678691,0.0004317284,0.0002627588,0.00007160648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001053161,0.00003942461,0.0007904493,0.00001356046,0.00002515183,3.830672e-7,0.00008735571,0.9701334,0.0006999926,0.02556594,0.001352203,0.001186879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004532391,0.00005083485,0.003286515,0.00005681804,0.00008687912,4.132436e-7,0.00005991573,0.9648156,0.00004916366,0.03006107,0.0008746065,0.0002049019],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1124138,0.0001719677,0.8808723,0.00161338,0.002394529,0.001524995,0.00003781894,0.0001354681,0.0008357451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943697,0.00000699814,0.002477807,0.002149309,0.0002181819,0.0004340432,0.000005373638,0.00001327987,0.0003252664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8819559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2402216016","doi":"10.1017/nws.2017.22","title":"The hourglass effect in hierarchical dependency networks","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hourglass; Traverse; Dependency (UML); Computer science; Modular design; Set (abstract data type); Vertex (graph theory); Property (philosophy); Distributed computing; Topology (electrical circuits); Theoretical computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Graph; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009963911779965395,"gpt":0.3016589310431146,"spread":0.2916950192631492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005061774,0.0004723825,0.0006433781,0.000141319,0.001965342,0.001377898,0.004663268,0.0001770101,0.00005335404],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007065384,0.0003385941,0.0003529772,0.0007237081,0.001431636,0.0001782686,0.003993003,0.002351863,0.00001558963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001488985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004648941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004807296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00036432,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957825,0.0003388362,0.000564646,0.001130208,0.0008028949,0.001380928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959195,0.0007482138,0.0005552588,0.002441483,0.0001211674,0.0002143966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004645836,0.0000874115,0.3370465,0.00001303491,0.00008869017,0.00001716716,0.00006804516,0.2184475,0.000009562466,0.04013383,0.01004649,0.3939953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002935048,0.00007116928,0.07291169,0.0004753807,0.00007971146,0.000001334816,0.000007947813,0.5634494,0.00002985196,0.3566281,0.005245924,0.0008059035],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5251476,0.007417249,0.2050063,0.002733231,0.01184593,0.005832021,0.0000280193,0.000894926,0.2410947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953583,0.0001089564,0.0008728814,0.0000360034,0.003047909,0.0002387391,0.0000169351,0.00003138468,0.0002888935],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4702107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394576516","doi":"10.1017/nws.2024.3","title":"Generating preferential attachment graphs via a Pólya urn with expanding colors","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Network Science","topic":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Combinatorics; Mathematics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02093150770126085,"gpt":0.3137846537929772,"spread":0.2928531460917163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001645107,0.0001963236,0.0001585351,0.0003095013,0.0009288564,0.001107274,0.001809657,0.0000389913,0.0000219088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002625851,0.0001489554,0.00005560586,0.004799046,0.0006640783,0.001533507,0.0006999959,0.0003282608,0.00003973945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001334285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003130622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006602459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001810339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965469,0.00009276345,0.0002251399,0.0009855328,0.001124425,0.001025293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987625,0.0001708113,0.00005511727,0.0006381958,0.0001173203,0.0002559884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005502157,0.0001056311,0.00362181,0.00007043628,0.00005991571,0.0002153357,0.002133399,0.1726781,0.04254682,0.6025784,0.001613585,0.1743216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002250522,0.0003792119,0.0005837037,0.0002150591,0.000008227549,0.00008751792,0.00003754198,0.952013,0.004294072,0.04001858,0.001727511,0.0004105316],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1360595,0.0006674475,0.8598322,0.0001601524,0.0009925214,0.0003009087,7.170577e-7,0.0003919528,0.001594596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9179769,0.0000241006,0.08140893,0.0001022045,0.0002090183,0.00005710912,8.420073e-7,0.00001405912,0.0002067992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7819175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}