{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":26,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":26,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"507643835f8b","filters":{"venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics"}},"results":[{"id":"W2096591139","doi":"10.1007/s11067-005-2630-5","title":"ILUTE: An Operational Prototype of a Comprehensive Microsimulation Model of Urban Systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"demographic modeling and climate adaptation","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":330,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Microsimulation; Transport engineering; Computer science; Operations research; Land use; Transportation planning; Proxy (statistics); Component (thermodynamics); Engineering; Civil engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08417432478798861,"gpt":0.3147731884911827,"spread":0.2305988637031941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004632703,0.00008233489,0.0002452116,0.00008815591,0.0000653752,0.00007636039,0.0001231536,0.00008562804,0.00001023849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001527786,0.00007199091,0.0000450004,0.00007167127,0.00006288098,0.0002590383,0.00002436785,0.00005346798,0.000001176156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001078743,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004270579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002483542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002836746,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988514,0.00004900336,0.0006551924,0.0002205234,0.0001302758,0.00009358103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990269,0.0001229386,0.0003053378,0.0001908497,0.0003011467,0.00005282368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001410299,0.00002883327,0.002267973,0.000003929236,0.000007410388,1.810082e-8,0.0002264824,0.981234,0.00009723987,0.004920645,0.00003291747,0.01103956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003058594,0.0001490243,0.001413114,0.00000925133,0.000007829316,5.848664e-7,0.0001167585,0.9967558,0.00001635861,0.0008314608,0.0003220559,0.00007195192],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7549341,0.0001526559,0.2443923,0.00003780667,0.00007981272,0.0002225356,0.00002432469,0.000005620493,0.0001509108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978165,0.0001072751,0.001813202,0.00005359074,0.0001363039,0.000009754419,0.00002788383,0.000006820428,0.0000286437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2428825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2935704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118905110","doi":"10.1007/s11067-007-9030-y","title":"Modeling Urban Land Use Change and Urban Sprawl: Calgary, Alberta, Canada","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":173,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Urban sprawl; Land use; Geography; Markov chain; Urban planning; Cellular automaton; Computer science; Transport engineering; Cartography; Environmental resource management; Environmental science; Civil engineering; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0127508191727459,"gpt":0.172894175346093,"spread":0.1601433561733471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001438534,0.0001286425,0.0001648677,0.00001179865,0.0001413093,0.0000750508,0.00007195985,0.00008396183,0.00007781849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000230301,0.0001133596,0.00001664556,0.00002611551,0.00001224361,0.0002317042,0.0001031053,0.00007788604,0.000003921083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007477429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001039312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9710501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992079,0.000009541423,0.0001953791,0.0002505408,0.00004175758,0.0002948412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999589,0.00005363519,0.0000485343,0.0001212271,0.00000282496,0.0001847999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002749846,0.000007505802,0.9554592,0.000007074721,0.00001182639,0.000004880859,0.0001856985,0.03583441,3.517262e-7,0.00002533984,0.0002489849,0.008187254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002185502,0.00002110416,0.0795139,0.00000888036,0.00001191452,0.000005074879,0.00001426356,0.9070503,0.00000157842,0.00001197758,0.01297862,0.0001638185],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997456,0.0001956163,0.0009978734,0.00009189265,0.000241501,0.0001292454,0.000005133582,0.000007793562,0.0008749064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983991,0.0004148469,0.0000420548,0.000667866,0.0003920773,0.000004179632,0.00001605318,0.00001364406,0.00005020792],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8759453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4622671,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2109834329","doi":"10.1023/b:nets.0000027770.27906.82","title":"Congestion Pricing with Heterogeneous Travelers: A General-Equilibrium Welfare Analysis","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Economics; Congestion pricing; Road pricing; General equilibrium theory; Budget constraint; Welfare; Microeconomics; Public transport; Constraint (computer-aided design); Traffic congestion; Public economics; Econometrics; Transport engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00825998363721217,"gpt":0.217544453271548,"spread":0.2092844696343359,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001168382,0.00008185971,0.0001476956,0.00006481278,0.0002553405,0.0001030193,0.0000464908,0.00008870749,0.00002474235],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000350889,0.00008085874,0.00003927124,0.0001584354,0.00007199241,0.0001198406,0.000003196071,0.00005902632,5.676284e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000522711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004656625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006956726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03444457,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994239,0.00002340305,0.0001507958,0.0001859308,0.00004800423,0.0001679614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997088,0.00001432453,0.00008868925,0.00006493061,0.00003415415,0.00008910793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002645196,0.000008317815,0.01164432,0.000001386997,0.00007154494,0.000002065609,0.001301237,0.9799784,3.878909e-7,0.002732557,0.000001151549,0.004232109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001217932,0.0001648059,0.1071225,0.00002174965,0.0004868489,0.00000334192,0.0007005539,0.8867821,0.00001560833,0.0001950515,0.002855417,0.0004341418],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8442482,0.00006687194,0.1538837,0.0008168879,0.00009484038,0.0001102592,0.000006191046,0.00004826856,0.0007248255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982125,0.0002514432,0.001100332,0.0001029321,0.0001865868,0.000005076212,0.00008687082,0.000008445641,0.00004577115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1539644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1970398774","doi":"10.1007/s11067-011-9153-z","title":"Place Rank: Valuing Spatial Interactions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Rank (graph theory); Attractiveness; Destinations; Metropolitan area; Measure (data warehouse); Computer science; Geography; Marketing; Business; Regional science; Transport engineering; Economic geography; Advertising; Sociology; Mathematics; Tourism; Engineering; Psychology; Combinatorics; Data mining","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02853598717238362,"gpt":0.254693630144065,"spread":0.2261576429716814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002963496,0.00009313213,0.0001515498,0.00002718674,0.0004028276,0.00007569452,0.0001277521,0.00009057386,0.0007704275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001287489,0.00009766993,0.00005903109,0.00004014795,0.0001634228,0.0002736332,0.00002409552,0.0001521271,0.000008409232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004530913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006197322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05327166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2218922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992431,0.00004333213,0.0002165504,0.0002191503,0.00003836792,0.0002394949],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995896,0.00005926367,0.00008761851,0.0001138803,0.0000251091,0.0001245648],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002457004,0.0001416057,0.646776,0.000009570329,0.00006374721,0.000004833885,0.01550802,0.001663745,0.000001903207,0.006447807,0.0004369878,0.3287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001647039,0.0001442965,0.5944502,0.00005366159,0.0001438535,0.000001652713,0.002383939,0.2655661,0.00004147933,0.00674833,0.1278212,0.0009982653],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9009807,0.0001590582,0.03288689,0.0001921727,0.001584708,0.0001956726,0.000006657237,0.00006685303,0.0639273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998094,0.0002586136,0.0001759494,0.0001176596,0.000959011,0.000006618707,0.000007759078,0.000009272769,0.0003710849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3277018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9530327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022532912","doi":"10.1007/s11067-008-9073-8","title":"A Generalized Model for Locating Facilities on a Network with Flow-Based Demand","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Interception; Flow (mathematics); Operations research; Computer science; Mathematical optimization; Flow network; Simple (philosophy); Facility location problem; Software; Industrial engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02901178422949002,"gpt":0.1953894301904563,"spread":0.1663776459609663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002069708,0.0002006676,0.0002404142,0.00006254754,0.0004294292,0.0001060863,0.00009974027,0.00006526944,0.00004278902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001249904,0.0001825712,0.0000623922,0.00007529897,0.00006664729,0.0002132526,0.00004114413,0.0000725826,0.000008684986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002663583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003398232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001195037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006339537,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990094,0.000005780428,0.0002859072,0.0003236369,0.000058772,0.0003164968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996109,0.00002754342,0.00008258389,0.0001897725,0.00006631112,0.00002286006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00026288,0.00002726694,0.001380505,0.00006314944,0.00002509671,4.639965e-7,0.00004450457,0.9824222,1.098025e-7,0.008307308,0.00217435,0.00529218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001116196,0.00003308959,0.0003938859,0.00001929372,0.00002462122,3.011604e-7,0.00002590309,0.9822549,4.845295e-7,0.0006104965,0.01528207,0.0002387169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2668323,0.0000746724,0.729854,0.0006510275,0.0002597492,0.0005406655,0.000008597345,0.00007986807,0.001699164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922599,0.0001001563,0.002626772,0.003274903,0.000946067,0.0001243947,0.0001065905,0.00002505721,0.000536177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7272272,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7445039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2039435134","doi":"10.1007/s11067-008-9091-6","title":"Design of a Railway Scheduling Model for Dense Services","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","field":"Engineering","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"D-Wave Systems (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematical optimization; Scheduling (production processes); Discretization; Train; Computer science; Job shop scheduling; Schedule; Network topology; Heuristic; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01643597481285767,"gpt":0.1830659189713709,"spread":0.1666299441585132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009881993,0.0001002867,0.0001964367,0.0000232302,0.00006808728,0.0000126564,0.00006468922,0.00008816997,0.00000162667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001483882,0.0001024572,0.00003661272,0.00002229066,0.00002203463,0.00006242214,0.00001155572,0.00004326943,4.341187e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001346851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001428255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000115589,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000157599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994748,0.000004809006,0.000227161,0.0001130291,0.00001783414,0.0001623916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997532,0.00004093133,0.00004284692,0.00009602647,0.00001870672,0.00004829331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001504467,0.000004860067,0.0001209311,0.00003649623,0.00001597133,2.574871e-7,0.0002599378,0.9958182,0.0000426045,0.0002072804,0.00001679613,0.003461608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002698044,0.00002726439,0.00005157737,0.00001581239,0.000006665627,0.00000460757,0.00001422888,0.9992222,0.00005187698,0.00008513889,0.0001393712,0.0001114071],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3660381,0.0004822162,0.6331117,0.00000307696,0.0001395618,0.00008252759,0.000002633155,0.00002573581,0.0001144349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906967,0.001228192,0.007812665,0.00001884346,0.0001680251,0.00001695741,0.000004372997,0.00002333302,0.00003096177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.625299,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4178083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2114003337","doi":"10.1023/b:nets.0000039784.00352.66","title":"A Strategic Model for Dynamic Traffic Assignment","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Node (physics); Set (abstract data type); Computer science; Traffic flow (computer networking); Flow network; Mathematical optimization; Preference; Order (exchange); Star (game theory); Assignment problem; Operations research; Mathematics; Engineering; Computer network; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02120370495492416,"gpt":0.2544721114554223,"spread":0.2332684065004981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001337338,0.00005632861,0.0000803275,0.00001745158,0.0002424425,0.00006373831,0.00003765191,0.00008009529,0.00000544045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002197247,0.00006187125,0.00002754477,0.0000213312,0.00004415431,0.00007042951,0.000001700654,0.00004010154,5.450776e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000593696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004046691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01961045,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995747,0.000007253412,0.0001230475,0.0001256398,0.00002566845,0.000143678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999817,0.00002177329,0.00005028899,0.00003219655,0.00001555642,0.00006322157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001454893,0.00001152019,0.00004005566,0.000001665573,0.000004613583,1.077638e-7,0.001417302,0.9698094,1.458981e-7,0.02081668,0.000005101502,0.007878863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004181834,0.0000264836,0.0001741407,0.000005076916,0.000009794615,9.109851e-8,0.0002560108,0.9952103,1.382916e-7,0.00356464,0.000256355,0.00007878583],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2678979,0.00005261881,0.7305232,0.0004830336,0.0001482074,0.0001779084,0.00001373965,0.00003318693,0.0006701949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971147,0.0004895055,0.002008381,0.000100224,0.00009262814,0.00001624223,0.00005535798,0.000007202271,0.0001157186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7292168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2233708532","doi":"10.1007/s11067-015-9285-7","title":"The Multiregional Core-periphery Model: The Role of the Spatial Topology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; York University","keywords":"Centrality; Economies of agglomeration; Core (optical fiber); Network topology; Topology (electrical circuits); Graph theory; Space (punctuation); Network theory; Computer science; Graph; Mathematics; Engineering; Theoretical computer science; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02791626975881379,"gpt":0.2012172774114976,"spread":0.1733010076526838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007217216,0.0002125196,0.0004633088,0.00004038589,0.0004562338,0.0001163776,0.0006189584,0.0001695928,0.00002432294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006333235,0.0001343993,0.0002690046,0.00008385866,0.0005773364,0.00009403859,0.0002597463,0.0002516176,0.00001274521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009092147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008952407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01195229,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01570274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984001,0.00003311883,0.0008136708,0.0003738651,0.00003672428,0.0003425298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984257,0.0001817645,0.0006553001,0.0005546852,0.00005804579,0.0001245145],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009148835,0.00003480931,0.03757027,0.000001920017,0.0001595199,2.274537e-7,0.0002849249,0.3635236,9.004285e-7,0.576133,0.0005398697,0.02165957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000329234,0.00003838961,0.003683442,0.000002655524,0.00001722691,0.000004108621,0.0001099495,0.826886,0.000003801447,0.1171867,0.05158695,0.0001514676],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8844284,0.01419214,0.04758779,0.0182216,0.003374605,0.0009514477,0.0002324896,0.0000398563,0.03097169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964804,0.00185308,0.00007101656,0.0006341572,0.000538985,0.00002992917,0.00001073845,0.00002603582,0.0003556331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4633625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946272,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014675338","doi":"10.1007/s11067-006-7695-2","title":"A Comparative Study of Alternative Model Structures and Criteria for Ranking Locations for Safety Improvements","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ranking (information retrieval); Negative binomial distribution; Binomial distribution; Sample (material); Statistical model; Transport engineering; Computer science; Econometrics; Engineering; Statistics; Mathematics; Machine learning","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01654316078193052,"gpt":0.2486530636837031,"spread":0.2321099029017726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000566718,0.00009916557,0.000215619,0.00002301181,0.00009031634,0.00001997713,0.00003842932,0.00004115622,0.000001067829],"category_scores_gemma":[9.132929e-7,0.00009730351,0.00002258439,0.00001136879,0.00002370407,0.00005396155,0.00001516771,0.00003711645,1.568414e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001948916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006675145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001927945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995148,0.000004867944,0.0002307446,0.0001256626,0.0000141634,0.00010977],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997848,0.00005711854,0.00005185859,0.00005836765,0.00002594807,0.00002194059],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009103881,0.00002476187,0.0002239586,0.00001870414,0.00006006525,1.765139e-8,0.0006667463,0.9897361,0.00001086696,0.001832912,0.00005628893,0.007278506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001620326,0.0001137748,0.003643553,0.000005143332,0.00003101855,1.874816e-7,0.0002023591,0.9919115,0.00002926522,0.002252177,0.00009195826,0.00009871632],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4748969,0.00007103173,0.5242742,0.000004572361,0.0001121307,0.0004743467,0.00007473891,0.00001173082,0.00008038309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973933,0.00006024996,0.002259492,0.000008108517,0.0001673534,0.00005101783,0.0000401455,0.00001280166,0.000007577572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5224963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3967922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090213071","doi":"10.1007/s11067-006-7698-z","title":"Distinguishing Multiproduct Economies of Scale from Economies of Density on a Fixed-Size Transport Network","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Economies of scale; Fixed cost; Intuition; Cost structure; Order (exchange); Economies of agglomeration; Network structure; Economics; Spoke-hub distribution paradigm; Economy; Transport network; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Computer science; Engineering; Transport engineering; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01131604680278126,"gpt":0.179574404132691,"spread":0.1682583573299097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004265892,0.0002587785,0.001015074,0.00009048272,0.0001488244,0.00004915733,0.0001864952,0.0002351515,0.000282309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003634808,0.0003096961,0.0002463136,0.00009660531,0.0001634147,0.000183943,0.00004870206,0.0002053023,0.000009481369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006421059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000209829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01298171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01242421,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976777,0.00001897558,0.001391635,0.0005874991,0.00002030948,0.0003038117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980431,0.0002621244,0.001184887,0.0003953002,0.00003684804,0.00007776178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007255193,0.00007446258,0.6736559,0.00001116572,0.0001142488,6.077977e-7,0.00008073129,0.3021361,9.810652e-7,0.02131776,0.0002141717,0.002321353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001013457,0.0001030274,0.8070993,0.0000436324,0.0000649152,9.871083e-7,0.00005134501,0.1671569,0.0001369646,0.01924287,0.004612985,0.0004736169],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850877,0.0006250431,0.004375595,0.0001755514,0.0005107123,0.0001240694,0.00039463,0.00001900402,0.008687731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99743,0.0003270893,0.0007179982,0.00007695787,0.001014758,0.00000882454,0.0001481711,0.00002845483,0.0002477825],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1349791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2259887679","doi":"10.1007/s11067-015-9311-9","title":"Spatial Analysis of Single Allocation Hub Location Problems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Operations research; Transport engineering; Mathematical optimization; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02169642552667028,"gpt":0.2221914213910186,"spread":0.2004949958643483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003238491,0.00009634369,0.0002316236,0.0001234819,0.00002379683,0.00003483176,0.00006059548,0.0001010226,0.000009502066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002764278,0.0001119345,0.00003583214,0.000255639,0.00002680803,0.00009334263,0.00001959776,0.00006122549,9.994474e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007180173,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001942378,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005734083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001620887,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999351,0.0000315976,0.0003204173,0.0001358736,0.00004020991,0.0001209163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995453,0.00004082212,0.00009763578,0.0001485422,0.0000908392,0.00007686717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005572381,0.00001160841,0.004458387,0.000009504042,0.000117091,3.987871e-8,0.0001866671,0.9471308,0.00002699113,0.000114424,0.00002004242,0.04791887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002107865,0.00003563506,0.004073783,0.000006826156,0.0001469826,3.608203e-7,0.00001969988,0.9949426,0.0001106925,0.00006191489,0.0002805558,0.0001101409],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1449826,0.0001590632,0.8537484,0.00002441966,0.0002292451,0.00009366999,0.000003124321,0.00005694919,0.0007025301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993356,0.0001265455,0.006236603,0.00001848742,0.0001456665,0.000006381409,0.00007900579,0.00001936704,0.00001195046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8483734,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4564554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015633724","doi":"10.1007/s11067-021-09542-9","title":"Routine Pattern Discovery and Anomaly Detection in Individual Travel Behavior","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Latent Dirichlet allocation; Anomaly detection; Probabilistic logic; Statistical model; Travel behavior; Trajectory; Generative model; Key (lock); Data modeling","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01519312659386688,"gpt":0.2447698876219552,"spread":0.2295767610280884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003471942,0.00006758975,0.000142362,0.00003736403,0.0002169779,0.0002017738,0.0000441593,0.0001012423,0.00005261692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001893011,0.00007775755,0.00003234764,0.00007278287,0.0001022899,0.0001617242,0.00002756723,0.0001069372,6.830875e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004705952,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007166228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0360101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.679108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993236,0.00008799586,0.0001844409,0.0002147882,0.0000393941,0.0001497491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999727,0.00006730484,0.00005150469,0.00007517554,0.00001789158,0.00006115771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000758378,0.0000564186,0.3654148,0.000003746765,0.00001411445,0.000003453194,0.002055751,0.002136452,0.000004355324,0.0002965509,0.000002226269,0.6300045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003987241,0.00003150808,0.9069158,0.000009325936,0.00005737156,0.000001121959,0.002187865,0.08962114,0.00003425546,0.00021099,0.0003672103,0.0001647132],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815586,0.0001489024,0.01761902,0.0002120529,0.0001074077,0.00008047997,0.000009894014,0.000006303461,0.0002573849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988744,0.0005447107,0.000009148617,0.0001493849,0.0002925794,0.00001315314,0.00002867423,0.000004891369,0.00008304389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6430979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9704092,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4376139913","doi":"10.1007/s11067-023-09587-y","title":"World City Networks and Multinational Firms: An Analysis of Economic Ties Over a Decade","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Multinational corporation; Subsidiary; Globe; Economic geography; Business; Position (finance); Perspective (graphical); Industrial organization; Regional science; Economic system; Economy; Geography; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0144738655107936,"gpt":0.2722205838205733,"spread":0.2577467183097797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007161094,0.0001665282,0.0004243869,0.0002466898,0.0004051953,0.0001682616,0.0001684167,0.0002021955,0.000120943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002256843,0.000183827,0.0001165261,0.0004081594,0.0003445091,0.0002488792,0.0001151263,0.0001528066,0.000001260401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001152784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006723611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01046426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3079189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998663,0.00009046965,0.0003994592,0.0003728485,0.00007564478,0.0003985534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990306,0.0003122714,0.0002282938,0.000168849,0.00003747054,0.000222515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000298456,0.00001105498,0.225793,0.000001950976,0.0001538272,6.551557e-7,0.0005198539,0.7393545,3.578105e-8,0.02420066,0.0003178785,0.009616771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002070114,0.0000218835,0.2292577,0.000005273067,0.0001211685,1.448173e-7,0.0002255459,0.7653334,3.991544e-8,0.0008286834,0.003845469,0.000153617],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914585,0.0002493959,0.005017073,0.0002214317,0.0005146433,0.0001732663,0.00006161055,0.00006186113,0.002242266],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960477,0.002485654,0.00009338262,0.0001906935,0.0006854731,0.000008692715,0.0001083965,0.00001425192,0.0003657065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2974547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2971592801","doi":"10.1007/s11067-020-09505-6","title":"Spatial Aggregation Issues in Traffic Assignment Models","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","keywords":"Computer science; Operations research; TRIPS architecture; Transport engineering; Trip distribution; Order (exchange); Engineering; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02091499488984167,"gpt":0.2396646037447416,"spread":0.2187496088548999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001537838,0.00006835508,0.0001185133,0.00002350331,0.0001961958,0.00005798175,0.00004920938,0.00009507585,0.0000382751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001040262,0.00007880413,0.00002088925,0.00005618663,0.00004357587,0.0001826407,0.000006882145,0.00007894007,0.000001692961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003366388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000433908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004358192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02184377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994036,0.00004397833,0.0001932622,0.0001683121,0.00005097649,0.0001398508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997619,0.00003275536,0.00006745433,0.00003066349,0.00001440578,0.00009282298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000247303,0.000008562241,0.002716065,0.000001901085,0.000003066897,7.192861e-7,0.008008077,0.9209895,1.241467e-7,0.002083792,0.00005248272,0.06611097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002861333,0.00003008424,0.002049063,0.000008738993,0.000005011511,4.874502e-8,0.0004000412,0.9920732,0.000001289295,0.0002166058,0.004835651,0.00009409803],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5533946,0.0004084681,0.4342999,0.007974911,0.0003953159,0.0003498685,0.00001064003,0.00009530504,0.003071075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970835,0.001745597,0.0003109421,0.0003435325,0.0004252167,0.000006243402,0.00004492437,0.000007272821,0.00003280361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4436889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2912194282","doi":"10.1007/s11067-019-9444-3","title":"Calibrating and Applying Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input–Output Models for Real-World Applications","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Equivalence (formal languages); Calibration; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Econometrics; Economics; Computer science; Mathematics; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01219999747927367,"gpt":0.2208974063526955,"spread":0.2086974088734219,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002699122,0.0001466711,0.000211989,0.00001927736,0.0002038682,0.00006005316,0.00008074814,0.00007899988,0.00007752615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004335035,0.0001456741,0.00005343731,0.00003812914,0.0001754967,0.0002174946,0.0001104126,0.00009785532,0.000003131568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001132906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001263673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001696444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001590923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990659,0.00002585436,0.0002426566,0.0003673542,0.00004521928,0.0002530478],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994002,0.0001866947,0.00008749666,0.0001899055,0.000003080472,0.0001326313],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001791794,0.00005527373,0.3653532,0.00003267071,0.0000103309,1.519592e-7,0.0001079964,0.5213239,0.00001499007,0.0007786949,0.00005065707,0.112093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001223744,0.00003521073,0.02524936,0.000004221485,0.00001073435,4.949726e-7,0.00005004486,0.966594,0.00001163539,0.002291992,0.004365894,0.0001626494],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6862965,0.00003984459,0.3084129,0.0001471985,0.00005119085,0.001734722,0.000021633,0.00002550501,0.003270537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966245,0.00007132593,0.002358883,0.0003380312,0.00007793886,0.0002546922,0.00004325918,0.00001700101,0.0002143601],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4452701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5940419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2060765480","doi":"10.1007/s11067-014-9263-5","title":"Covering Part of a Planar Network","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Heuristic; Facility location problem; Mathematical optimization; Maximization; Planar; Minification; Cover (algebra); 1-center problem; Regular polygon; Convex hull; Covering problems; Mathematics; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Engineering; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01148380612550679,"gpt":0.1750723034064728,"spread":0.163588497280966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002873181,0.00009625294,0.0001702374,0.00003609893,0.00008563392,0.0000627695,0.00008915269,0.00004427717,0.0001298854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001396739,0.0001007164,0.00003832986,0.00006165074,0.00003173131,0.0001888883,0.00006994858,0.0000506405,0.00002255835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000761387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000352289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002210887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004171529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993595,0.000005045345,0.0002624465,0.0001647874,0.00003372072,0.0001744999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997169,0.00001487258,0.0000849179,0.0001472028,0.00002386104,0.0000122155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004185925,0.00002405887,0.0206513,0.00008143467,0.00003341253,1.711406e-7,0.00001303296,0.7437406,6.090041e-7,0.13896,0.007391741,0.0890618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001753325,0.000007143203,0.00646512,0.00001117664,0.00001379273,7.752646e-8,0.000009040375,0.6639426,3.07274e-7,0.001496463,0.327786,0.00009295885],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5897964,0.0003308999,0.2853065,0.001673839,0.004635824,0.0005695799,0.00000515894,0.000164121,0.1175177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964057,0.000187572,0.0000933723,0.00125593,0.001908137,0.000006078346,0.0000255782,0.00001002063,0.0001076559],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4066092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4107096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2070445465","doi":"10.1007/s11067-005-2626-1","title":"Dynamic Submodel Integration Using an Offer-Accept Discrete Event Simulation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Partition (number theory); Space (punctuation); Discrete choice; Database transaction; Operations research; Econometrics; Agent-based model; Simple (philosophy); Economics; Microeconomics; Simulation; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01996846964381155,"gpt":0.2951143621593834,"spread":0.2751458925155719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000207996,0.00007850564,0.00009715727,0.00003731121,0.0003283419,0.0001103779,0.00004990809,0.0001056422,0.00003524308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007693072,0.00008543371,0.00002634012,0.0000438409,0.00004705418,0.0004935161,0.000004165717,0.00006996647,0.000001052792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000925021,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004374529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001966935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02807247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994011,0.0000468707,0.0002056838,0.0001637865,0.00004681013,0.0001357645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996874,0.00003068255,0.0001010702,0.00006604829,0.00003530696,0.00007946733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001707486,0.00001168133,0.0008936802,6.759547e-7,0.000003167547,6.376067e-8,0.001622272,0.9332478,0.000001747858,0.001543024,0.00000116945,0.06265762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001563431,0.00001965643,0.005960361,0.000007197106,0.00001265936,1.143218e-7,0.0002830866,0.9926726,0.000001245489,0.0001995677,0.0005801412,0.0001070335],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4252805,0.00002745383,0.5741298,0.0001313883,0.0001262544,0.00008498828,0.000003847061,0.00002741558,0.0001882762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961525,0.0001773188,0.00307751,0.00007832241,0.0002905941,0.000002565097,0.0001501215,0.0000103227,0.0000607981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5710523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9896626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1981703298","doi":"10.1007/s11067-010-9136-5","title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Location Modeling","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Operations research; Heuristics; Computer science; Tabu search; Heuristic; Point (geometry); Simulated annealing; Industrial engineering; Geography; Engineering; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008130657888610967,"gpt":0.1652027335741034,"spread":0.1570720756854924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006973064,0.00007423794,0.00007262649,0.00001947649,0.00006209229,0.00003861673,0.00005378764,0.00006811729,0.00008414774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004045633,0.00006289476,0.00001348751,0.0000294429,0.00001454508,0.0000306825,0.00000518581,0.0001896486,0.00003095189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001437006,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004099878,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005934928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003409036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996505,0.000002427099,0.0001162335,0.000108162,0.00001747185,0.0001052146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997932,0.000009418952,0.000009439623,0.0001303687,0.00001276203,0.00004481108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008906219,0.000003144564,0.00003694569,0.00000184458,0.000004648704,1.087808e-7,0.00005436457,0.9341757,0.000002556409,0.002477593,0.004957724,0.05827651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000508004,0.00001540598,0.000220374,0.000001170566,0.00000507045,6.884433e-7,0.000004788099,0.8055565,0.000009804462,0.0001052119,0.1939657,0.00006449457],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1338434,0.0000496491,0.8451552,0.001881031,0.01053853,0.0002327918,0.000007257282,0.00009738057,0.008194809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9420648,0.0001398976,0.0001894113,0.0001359452,0.05738576,0.000004461111,0.00001594898,0.00001387346,0.00004996346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8449658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2564774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406809439","doi":"10.1007/s11067-025-09665-3","title":"The Vulnerability of the Global Arms Trade: A Network Perspective","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Vulnerability (computing); International trade; Computer science; Operations research; Engineering; Economics; Computer security; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01252711180803625,"gpt":0.2284853504156263,"spread":0.2159582386075901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00055037,0.0001620764,0.0003983979,0.00001753256,0.0004786078,0.00005720235,0.0002749339,0.0001104,0.000009511083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001001385,0.0001203133,0.0001833462,0.0001771066,0.0004041519,0.00004888887,0.0001546154,0.0001861886,0.00000281068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001684344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003801072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004176937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01172462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987496,0.00003872719,0.0005510018,0.000325466,0.00001406272,0.0003211653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990717,0.0002269198,0.000230983,0.000405057,0.00002274103,0.00004258221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005422779,0.00002474739,0.2181422,0.000008108624,0.0001469316,8.54593e-8,0.0003469972,0.01605215,1.078411e-8,0.7570908,0.002688681,0.00544499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000466566,0.00004937925,0.4223805,0.00001452127,0.00002258402,0.000001186968,0.0004036825,0.0505536,6.441209e-7,0.4510047,0.07492011,0.0001825772],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.583626,0.08773046,0.01025139,0.04508379,0.009591568,0.001535487,0.0005964962,0.00006998209,0.2615148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947644,0.003719348,0.00003254026,0.0008106073,0.000436947,0.00001799791,0.00000159837,0.000007589056,0.0002089543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4111384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6542615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2073465641","doi":"10.1007/s11067-009-9110-2","title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Funding Transportation Infrastructure","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; European Commission","keywords":"Finance; Revenue; Economic shortage; Transportation infrastructure; Business; Public fund; Transport engineering; Critical infrastructure; Public infrastructure; Private sector; Economics; Engineering; Public economics; Economic growth; Computer security; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009668006940860818,"gpt":0.2084193339830942,"spread":0.1987513270422334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001781746,0.0001239694,0.0001212054,0.00009300277,0.0001845265,0.0003613071,0.0001189273,0.000071249,0.0002168732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001988871,0.0001020088,0.00002951896,0.0001393247,0.00001498084,0.0004196897,0.00001309406,0.0001408396,0.00005749748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000343924,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007512333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001234443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001239934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99933,0.0000048735,0.0001735277,0.0002398771,0.00004623997,0.000205456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997033,0.00001215388,0.0001007051,0.0001408075,0.00002640435,0.00001657004],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002067043,0.00002082802,0.002333797,0.000009181185,0.00001424671,0.000001008111,0.0001671139,0.2997645,0.000008097084,0.05861628,0.1381269,0.5007313],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002064797,0.00003006036,0.05927065,0.000005378175,0.00001432361,4.176727e-7,0.00004550302,0.05936458,0.000006056815,0.00136044,0.8795509,0.0001451712],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8790585,0.00002557797,0.007104859,0.07086996,0.005975618,0.0008076142,0.000005102114,0.0001291363,0.03602361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8747351,0.00002111726,0.00003970406,0.005565789,0.1194558,0.000004597123,0.00005738623,0.00001086086,0.0001097266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.741424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.41598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401963281","doi":"10.1007/s11067-024-09647-x","title":"Fulfillment Center Location and Network Design in Dual-Channel Retailing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Center (category theory); Dual (grammatical number); Channel (broadcasting); Logistics center; Transport engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Computer network; Engineering drawing; Operations management; Operations research","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02139368713610293,"gpt":0.2129569753767854,"spread":0.1915632882406825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003479759,0.0001525211,0.0001963584,0.00009099965,0.0001108587,0.0003842552,0.00003269175,0.00006892284,0.00001587449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007895705,0.0001535634,0.00002504162,0.0001180561,0.0000431878,0.0003340355,0.0001509847,0.00012708,0.00001029225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003615639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001000713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006700451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004035749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991558,0.00000930802,0.0002539165,0.0003051004,0.00003229423,0.0002436193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997633,0.00005308343,0.00005718633,0.00009120018,0.00002235866,0.00001289935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001105994,0.00004577696,0.2355435,0.0002147567,0.00009287584,0.00004358141,0.0001752109,0.175726,0.00000241859,0.008028296,0.0008801604,0.5791368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002957664,0.000008857014,0.0246688,0.0001270134,0.00004504249,0.000003935201,0.00004182782,0.9657696,3.468482e-7,0.0006891376,0.008151481,0.0001982024],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8449925,0.01553598,0.1310736,0.00192301,0.003266199,0.001072408,0.000003348533,0.0002172501,0.001915772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997467,0.001461689,0.00008716358,0.0001735246,0.0007097425,0.00002693526,0.00001393164,0.00002325972,0.00003669575],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7900436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6262133,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401010912","doi":"10.1007/s11067-024-09639-x","title":"Multinational Firms and the Economic Self-Reliance of North American Cities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Multinational corporation; Economic geography; Business; Industrial organization; Economics; International trade; Economy; Finance","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.004605665362316169,"gpt":0.2149543520932327,"spread":0.2103486867309165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003294887,0.0000923036,0.000193328,0.00002373096,0.000220995,0.0001563827,0.0001057114,0.00004020216,0.0000106428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001218124,0.00007378076,0.00004958746,0.00006034261,0.0008335424,0.0001021693,0.00005486263,0.0001021411,0.000001781176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007974024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001064602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01204237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09633039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993327,0.00005062986,0.0002120867,0.0001822664,0.00003890527,0.0001834091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993712,0.0003723079,0.00009626283,0.00007683046,0.00001836949,0.0000650484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009955969,0.00001261777,0.08930752,0.00002412684,0.0001397284,0.000001514848,0.003647285,0.2019632,1.583253e-8,0.4338811,0.001954216,0.2689691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002257537,0.00002255736,0.03408436,0.000009734887,0.00002020821,9.135327e-7,0.0001543936,0.9172803,2.533836e-8,0.001430575,0.04667307,0.00009809093],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884626,0.001702535,0.002232492,0.001603174,0.0008456708,0.0002183399,0.00004234818,0.0000508777,0.004841916],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9863954,0.01239652,0.0001651862,0.0001987503,0.0006757509,0.000007994689,0.000006777559,0.00000858822,0.0001450193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7153171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9945365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407038070","doi":"10.1007/s11067-025-09667-1","title":"Using Physicians’ Affiliations to Build Hospital Networks: Local Clustering and the COVID-19 Pandemic","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Cluster analysis; Geography; Medical emergency; Virology; Computer science; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Disease; Outbreak","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04180861710599518,"gpt":0.2816317663655225,"spread":0.2398231492595273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000629781,0.0001662685,0.0003964835,0.0001142689,0.0003870052,0.0001610576,0.0001497202,0.0001214441,0.00001089792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005894728,0.0001723932,0.00006709404,0.0001417224,0.0001584446,0.0001045793,0.0002447202,0.0001838384,0.000003959936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002186221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003686363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01486858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01010374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986914,0.00003141895,0.0005143282,0.0004007387,0.00001196402,0.0003501781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992354,0.0001725726,0.0001819517,0.0002430507,0.00001188815,0.0001551613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005244841,0.00001551862,0.01229965,0.00002600542,0.00006080544,4.703322e-7,0.0003535577,0.7206464,2.358738e-8,0.2312844,0.0005090195,0.03475177],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008847372,0.00003011258,0.002493286,0.00001638251,0.0000145041,0.000001369847,0.0001128416,0.9094265,5.67737e-8,0.008339567,0.07850055,0.0001800595],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03743358,0.001712324,0.9442475,0.01361957,0.0008848774,0.0005484326,0.00003120588,0.00003372113,0.001488817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811645,0.002716349,0.0003735013,0.01511392,0.0004386173,0.00004498186,0.000008632524,0.00001642353,0.0001230941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9438739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9916915,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408160206","doi":"10.1007/s11067-025-09677-z","title":"Ten Years of School Closures and Consolidations in Hamilton, Canada and the Impact on Multimodal Accessibility","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Engineering; Economics; Aeronautics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00847110990320326,"gpt":0.2720508562044468,"spread":0.2635797463012435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004526814,0.00006594211,0.000190638,0.00002497213,0.0001405985,0.00006276104,0.00008660625,0.00006614449,0.00001648519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000570031,0.00004980157,0.00002207126,0.0000633739,0.0004210626,0.00008654049,0.00002078469,0.000116917,3.325025e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006093294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003612727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9076176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9796088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993879,0.00007143836,0.0002172618,0.0001648404,0.00003264985,0.0001259569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994439,0.0003050313,0.0000688096,0.0001033333,0.0000190503,0.00005990584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001174618,0.0000134024,0.9835728,0.000004260915,0.00001332952,2.638311e-7,0.0004135917,0.001802778,1.418019e-7,0.0009439632,0.0000514961,0.01306655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006566356,0.000008609394,0.9773134,0.00001138064,0.000008758853,2.57065e-8,0.0001658499,0.0200712,0.000001389895,0.001556384,0.0001570257,0.0000493547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997713,0.0002734471,0.00006093659,0.0003161656,0.00008997533,0.0002159015,0.00002273987,0.00000355907,0.001304273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992607,0.0005088384,0.00001058053,0.000127553,0.00005117857,0.000005086171,0.000004319416,0.0000022035,0.00002951271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07199122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2030849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399640490","doi":"10.1007/s11067-024-09633-3","title":"The Classical p-median Problem as a Surrogate Model in Hub Location","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Solver; Mathematical optimization; Heuristic; Spoke-hub distribution paradigm; Mathematics; Limit (mathematics); Fraction (chemistry); Flow network; Facility location problem; Variable (mathematics); Computer science; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00905182457387664,"gpt":0.2237927491786057,"spread":0.214740924604729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003302914,0.00008473916,0.00009386075,0.00003238051,0.00005323899,0.0001571865,0.00006020661,0.00009330604,0.000003093951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001172958,0.0000746921,0.00001866722,0.00008253278,0.00003017728,0.00007986107,0.00002125767,0.0001929962,0.000005549607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006706564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003572958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005524695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001258267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994723,0.00002260608,0.0002004471,0.0001142773,0.00002186713,0.0001684848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997107,0.0001276724,0.00001388551,0.00008986679,0.00001020889,0.00004760661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003177807,0.000001620032,0.00008728854,0.00001029941,0.000006129792,4.811628e-7,0.0001414762,0.851859,9.969873e-7,0.003754656,0.00009288056,0.1440419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009654568,0.000008239362,0.000108896,0.00002410677,0.000004156045,0.000001910008,0.00001397374,0.9949799,0.000004110167,0.00242774,0.002246696,0.00008371564],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05705379,0.0009909814,0.9371449,0.001100753,0.0005714777,0.0001971314,0.00000231532,0.0001783865,0.002760256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993861,0.001643919,0.004065142,0.00004155242,0.0002137358,0.00002059203,0.00000749958,0.00002889872,0.0001177026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9368072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3045855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400057008","doi":"10.1007/s11067-024-09631-5","title":"Location and Price Competition on a Uniform Path with Different Pricing Policies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Networks and Spatial Economics","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","keywords":"Competition (biology); Path (computing); Economics; Price policy; Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Business; Econometrics; Operations research; Computer science; Mathematics; Geography; Computer network","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009000796222254472,"gpt":0.1932930860102245,"spread":0.18429228978797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001001198,0.000125581,0.0001258469,0.00009785227,0.0001324932,0.0004982036,0.00003449593,0.00004202065,0.00001825341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003084362,0.000099923,0.00001509733,0.00008511179,0.00003262745,0.0002738563,0.00004971841,0.0001046382,0.000002644872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002428405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008470125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001301141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001568431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994985,0.000003743196,0.0001302655,0.0001915259,0.00003385686,0.0001421216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997905,0.00004729305,0.00005306549,0.00007458963,0.00002118196,0.00001338304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002666549,0.00007908631,0.1626304,0.0007606469,0.00007758667,0.00001052094,0.0003626478,0.01405539,0.00001707298,0.1746245,0.0001765197,0.6469389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002952332,0.00004130182,0.1951065,0.0002867667,0.00007470239,0.000004921124,0.00007810089,0.7954363,0.000002745978,0.0004714794,0.007972309,0.0002296114],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781176,0.0002591002,0.01680825,0.0003814474,0.0002104759,0.000161938,0.000001059555,0.00006870275,0.003991404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985921,0.0003561031,0.0000118496,0.0003813996,0.0005740144,0.000008291341,0.000025341,0.00001671832,0.00003412099],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.781381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4804189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}