{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":25,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":25,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"7f93be71329f","filters":{"venue":"Neurobiology of Language"}},"results":[{"id":"W4226300773","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00071","title":"Differential Tracking of Linguistic vs. Mental State Content in Naturalistic Stimuli by Language and Theory of Mind (ToM) Brain Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Action Observation and Synchronization","field":"Psychology","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Simons Foundation","keywords":"Theory of mind; Psychology; Cognition; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Linguistics; Stimulus (psychology); Naturalism; Cognitive psychology; Content (measure theory); Cognitive science; Neuroscience; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02838188692157531,"gpt":0.299984763061331,"spread":0.2716028761397558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002166568,0.00009857112,0.0002633901,0.0001025855,0.00003351258,0.00000241931,0.0001090812,0.00005974684,0.001800004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001475933,0.00009596981,0.00003829068,0.0001095793,0.0001557674,0.0000157348,0.0000617796,0.0002132893,6.309545e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001988774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009960509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001603425,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003794778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986685,0.0005474329,0.0003797757,0.0001932939,0.00007194645,0.0001390672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991355,0.0003893304,0.0002890877,0.0001328246,0.00003077913,0.00002250057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003869987,0.001693562,0.1253015,0.0002173749,0.0003488228,0.0001262782,0.1889983,0.001544478,0.6449223,0.004216339,0.003045039,0.02571607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01718863,0.003902178,0.8705397,0.0001323529,0.0002020956,0.0001418059,0.05409858,0.01056642,0.04027003,0.0003032646,0.001646613,0.001008304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978689,0.0004647728,0.0004821672,0.00008786876,0.0004974034,0.0001864472,0.0002344169,0.000009461198,0.0001685488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987893,0.000005365595,0.00001780825,0.0002673883,0.00002106769,0.000007896606,0.0002919945,0.00001247771,0.0005866674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7452382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991125,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3011935298","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00007","title":"Task-Induced Functional Connectivity of Picture Naming in Healthy Aging: The Impacts of Age and Task Complexity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal","funders":"Institute of Aging; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Task (project management); Context (archaeology); Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Functional connectivity; Cognitive resource theory; Brain activity and meditation; Functional imaging; Neuroscience; Electroencephalography; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06764031701253845,"gpt":0.2929656041960477,"spread":0.2253252871835093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002511647,0.0001389341,0.0003932234,0.00007604464,0.00007763127,0.000003469802,0.0001582076,0.00006959779,0.00001618935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004821066,0.0001045478,0.00006090575,0.0002940923,0.0006031157,0.00006122195,0.0001819606,0.0003053954,9.247099e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001478648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004772873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001691479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002399271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985629,0.0004566355,0.0002847285,0.0003723989,0.0001285488,0.0001947436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950588,0.004425528,0.0002529602,0.0001813487,0.00003578086,0.00004558197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002913478,0.0000750052,0.01346109,0.0001122826,0.00001228148,0.00001764427,0.003627192,0.00003375419,0.9811305,0.0009868066,0.0001250338,0.0001270232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001591246,0.001563577,0.6465929,0.00003591517,0.0000198033,0.00004394762,0.001324543,0.0001953044,0.347771,0.0005310473,0.00015388,0.0001768142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919097,0.0001037652,0.00002620818,0.007266502,0.0001583212,0.0002317173,0.00009487951,0.00002126062,0.0001875852],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951694,0.000009392405,0.00002217491,0.004732789,0.00004455438,0.000004831933,0.000003924276,0.000009000738,0.000003903303],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6333596,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5771615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3142176711","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00036","title":"The Role of Sensory Feedback in Developmental Stuttering: A Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"Stuttering; Psychology; Auditory feedback; Cognitive psychology; Fluency; Sensory system; Control (management); Speech production; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06609246705566418,"gpt":0.3919457633905516,"spread":0.3258532963348875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003334651,0.0002679222,0.001469574,0.0001130196,0.0000303715,0.000004219647,0.0004100357,0.0001714594,0.0004594181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001253545,0.0001707287,0.0003164554,0.0002407883,0.0002042832,0.000009098815,0.0002342657,0.0003722567,0.0001059578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004941697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001526225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009450444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003483663,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976053,0.0008246076,0.0007109506,0.0003808471,0.00009757735,0.0003807313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984176,0.000700995,0.0003158461,0.0004934761,0.00002981289,0.00004223766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000114781,0.0001392063,0.0001350136,0.006103127,0.0003402749,0.0002699684,0.0003749768,1.069375e-8,0.00005505566,0.00009460473,0.0004587501,0.9920175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002603288,0.0001329884,0.0003374582,0.01343921,0.0001443246,0.0002892286,0.0004427428,1.285913e-8,0.00005733043,0.000003370919,0.9847364,0.0001565574],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002320494,0.9921513,8.602711e-8,0.00003277545,0.0001879207,0.0006574212,0.00008042636,0.00001090351,0.004558663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002988334,0.9985262,0.00004151898,0.00006288513,0.00002894351,0.0001670191,0.00008035535,0.00002910373,0.0007652002],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.991861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6962115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3175115106","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00044","title":"Bilingualism: A Neurocognitive Exercise in Managing Uncertainty","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"College of Humanities and Social Sciences, United Arab Emirates University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Neurocognitive; Fluency; Psycholinguistics; Control (management); Language production; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0558238813099751,"gpt":0.3621085872178928,"spread":0.3062847059079177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004203685,0.0008765922,0.003537827,0.0009154248,0.00008694579,0.0000301617,0.001118593,0.0007342118,0.0002285612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001528129,0.0007324498,0.0008565101,0.001248848,0.0006605519,0.00009053211,0.0005976092,0.00148698,0.00007697204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000497015,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003440975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009663383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003908308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935404,0.002076072,0.001429743,0.001862369,0.0001979753,0.0008934251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956151,0.002343333,0.0008551367,0.0009994636,0.00006433104,0.0001226076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005387823,0.0004554557,0.000004816031,0.009681823,0.000049569,0.02601189,0.003003994,0.00001026604,0.007615966,0.0001758228,0.0001677064,0.9527688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004138437,0.001158514,0.000008299427,0.08493243,0.002782103,0.01436079,0.003264213,0.00002673272,0.03209217,0.0003868002,0.8511534,0.005696157],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01514856,0.9811382,0.000001223553,0.00003937093,0.0008777573,0.001216734,0.0002990999,0.0001460151,0.001133061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001585715,0.9966601,0.00004585168,0.0006866483,0.0001428654,0.0001065943,0.000209921,0.0001216621,0.0004406717],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9470727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995127,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2754105052","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00059-6","title":"Neurobiology of Speech Production","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Production (economics); Speech production; Communication; Psychology; Cognitive science; Neuroscience; Computer science; Speech recognition; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05695087862066522,"gpt":0.2972286526825899,"spread":0.2402777740619247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004197032,0.0006568866,0.001368982,0.0005018457,0.00006264386,0.000005697759,0.0009365059,0.0009611507,0.0006828842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001039634,0.0005726446,0.0003704684,0.0001207104,0.0017623,0.00007556321,0.0003870243,0.0009906883,0.0001662906],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002936004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001810965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002868408,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002623144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996425,0.0003730336,0.001078477,0.001359515,0.0002400189,0.0005240037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966533,0.0005074433,0.001287572,0.001205482,0.0002245158,0.0001217134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002136182,0.00007982218,0.00002082851,0.0001497309,0.00003712259,0.0005396187,0.0005883747,0.000007934751,0.987952,0.003654743,0.004101304,0.002654883],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006851507,0.001574183,0.00002114719,0.000126482,0.0001596248,0.001868698,0.00006066287,0.000001033379,0.952653,0.002790002,0.03940399,0.0006560233],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7567658,0.0009957101,0.000002242705,0.0006032147,0.003887641,0.001063536,0.0006394578,0.000266515,0.2357759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6274148,0.0005866208,0.0002660933,0.001598876,0.001521413,0.00001687682,0.0003041939,0.0002693853,0.3680217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1322458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3106632447","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00027","title":"Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Speech Motor Sequence Learning in Stuttering and Neurotypical Speakers: An fMRI Investigation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","field":"Psychology","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","keywords":"Neurotypical; Stuttering; Speech production; Psychology; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Supplementary motor area; Neurocomputational speech processing; Neuroscience; Audiology; Cognitive psychology; Speech perception; Developmental psychology; Speech recognition; Autism spectrum disorder; Computer science; Autism; Medicine; Perception","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06456369406051861,"gpt":0.3514102938077027,"spread":0.2868465997471841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007617649,0.00009824838,0.0001966228,0.0000679479,0.00002025389,0.000006328116,0.00007695994,0.0000675648,0.00004766909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006147075,0.00009088214,0.00001766155,0.00007993911,0.0002705886,0.00005715637,0.00007717726,0.00024181,0.00000236177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005079748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008175374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003457557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000294509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990905,0.0002226299,0.0001856511,0.0002731641,0.0000484417,0.0001796164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996282,0.0001011216,0.00006860799,0.000098837,0.00001262501,0.00009058463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002001098,0.00004090192,0.7222429,0.00002559548,0.00000897547,0.0002200027,0.006625872,0.000009331428,0.2633218,0.00002885967,0.000003076478,0.007272569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009059545,0.002850427,0.9885462,0.00001527666,0.00001347193,0.00007882761,0.001205815,0.0003827065,0.005898746,0.00001205977,0.000006801401,0.00008370427],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991848,0.0001433861,0.000002761883,0.0003724972,0.00005262235,0.0001690171,0.00001135077,0.00002565162,0.00003793947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996489,0.000009380748,0.0001552547,0.0001129064,0.00002574491,0.000007263465,0.00001423247,0.00001025813,0.00001606293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2663033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3706066,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024729149","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00013","title":"Decoding of Envelope vs. Fundamental Frequency During Complex Auditory Stream Segregation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Universities Space Research Association","keywords":"Auditory scene analysis; Speech recognition; Computer science; Noise (video); Perception; Auditory perception; Acoustics; Active listening; Rhythm; Sound (geography); Computational auditory scene analysis; Envelope (radar); Task (project management); Communication; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Telecommunications; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0386391537016425,"gpt":0.2802691921928557,"spread":0.2416300384912132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006091425,0.00008544084,0.0001809026,0.00005278906,0.0000569702,0.000004243982,0.0001392115,0.00005794907,0.0001407852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003970722,0.00007748831,0.00005351487,0.0001269369,0.0001991354,0.00007118943,0.00005612814,0.0001090065,0.00001424425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001571651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002308206,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003486741,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002262667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991218,0.0001470977,0.0002632498,0.000246339,0.00008160751,0.0001398466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999467,0.0002010704,0.0001494783,0.0001171587,0.00001890499,0.0000464599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002668105,0.00003103199,0.01085666,0.00009622481,0.000002447882,0.000005698542,0.002206279,0.00002967429,0.9860662,0.0002315757,0.00002752726,0.0004200639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003227936,0.0002636641,0.3184282,0.00001641192,0.000004470783,0.000005534273,0.0002400997,0.00007599875,0.680522,0.00002920191,0.00002280926,0.00006878206],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986358,0.00001068929,0.00001716986,0.000421839,0.0001790897,0.0001311512,0.00003604641,0.00004309208,0.0005251508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990871,0.000006406123,0.0005205912,0.0002847143,0.00006267526,0.000002867338,0.000008373066,0.000009608756,0.00001764354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3075715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3159882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281396889","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00073","title":"Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","field":"Psychology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Anticipation (artificial intelligence); Stuttering; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Prefrontal cortex; Cognition; Supramarginal gyrus; Audiology; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0185738909153975,"gpt":0.3248613866194963,"spread":0.3062874957040987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009929886,0.00008020407,0.0001362692,0.0001526293,0.00006405027,0.000003979561,0.0001120716,0.00003240492,0.00163308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008853088,0.00007478522,0.00003125229,0.00009963742,0.00005159448,0.00003730438,0.00009950518,0.0001644874,0.00001672768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005764387,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001149183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000718001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007912234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991159,0.0002181323,0.0001623473,0.0002084563,0.00007127234,0.0002239242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996647,0.00007907801,0.00006685127,0.0001624879,0.000007230406,0.00001960069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009034367,0.0009041931,0.2232729,0.00003049855,0.0001354503,0.0002934765,0.02109713,0.0001114276,0.7473376,0.0008918628,0.0002673368,0.004754629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009727295,0.0006409264,0.9913638,0.000004921316,0.000004997846,0.00001921409,0.001188519,0.0000182547,0.005575424,0.00005397147,0.00008641821,0.00007086048],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974691,0.00003594224,0.00002041408,0.0001241379,0.0002914216,0.0001947205,0.00002111931,0.00002710543,0.001816046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992719,0.000001049799,0.00002578397,0.0001000947,0.0000218334,0.00008401617,0.00007388469,0.000009672635,0.0004118188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7680908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3173435641","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00048","title":"Conceptual Combination in the LATL With and Without Syntactic Composition","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Syntax; Computer science; Phrase; Composition (language); Comprehension; Closure (psychology); Linguistics; Natural language processing; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02032299054132806,"gpt":0.2773107300268008,"spread":0.2569877394854728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001419945,0.0001112423,0.0001920806,0.00005737196,0.00006251222,0.00001230991,0.0001484062,0.0000726911,0.0000291338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001580117,0.00007212048,0.00002392525,0.0001795871,0.0005374815,0.0000688913,0.00004460446,0.0002337277,0.000003995893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004965245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002567986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002072761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004656621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986265,0.0006401241,0.0001687156,0.00031785,0.00007680783,0.0001700527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991134,0.0005327858,0.00009850316,0.0002102871,0.00002534988,0.00001967869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006455425,0.0001256814,0.007036432,0.00001085795,0.000003221572,0.0006172881,0.004675836,0.00000267197,0.9849495,0.002324975,0.00001455868,0.0001744124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001821992,0.0006546477,0.01899663,0.00003880872,0.00003087409,0.004476056,0.003893773,0.00001931802,0.9695857,0.0001404197,0.0001560846,0.0001856896],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978712,0.0001225362,0.000008101738,0.00084544,0.0000780918,0.0001585681,0.00001268222,0.00002431147,0.0008791251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965857,0.00002395413,0.00006041448,0.003228736,0.00002158267,0.000006819446,0.00001817287,0.000008074682,0.00004655403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0153638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2940988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288713276","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00078","title":"Can You Hear What’s Coming? Failure to Replicate ERP Evidence for Phonological Prediction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"N400; Replicate; Psychology; Event-related potential; Phonology; Electroencephalography; Cognitive psychology; Sentence; Comprehension; Linguistics; Computer science; Natural language processing; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07688745440216217,"gpt":0.3288432840469653,"spread":0.2519558296448032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003156465,0.0001290301,0.0002031468,0.0001289887,0.0003113108,0.0000269952,0.0004906925,0.00005756841,0.0001558143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008870265,0.0001187829,0.00008623207,0.000340318,0.0002048433,0.0001947402,0.0002911183,0.0002394653,0.00001216445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004494959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004336676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003456602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001668924,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982338,0.0002689794,0.0002547507,0.0007488003,0.0001544896,0.0003391676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990077,0.0003328248,0.0001199185,0.0004378684,0.00002288126,0.00007880206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001351257,0.00005747756,0.0001311962,0.000008513903,7.412301e-7,0.00001002062,0.001182501,0.0001072658,0.9944487,0.0001115238,0.002503954,0.001303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000904353,0.005106519,0.01099526,0.00004609849,0.00002933493,0.0003660706,0.002764924,0.0003571956,0.9502423,0.0002234219,0.02859131,0.0003732447],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9910991,0.00001825102,0.0001036659,0.00677394,0.001028591,0.0006566577,0.0001669679,0.0001133099,0.00003956679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881765,0.00002926587,0.0001248527,0.01093117,0.00007972334,0.0002334228,0.00001143937,0.00001326123,0.0004003863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04420641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4843827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200114573","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00062","title":"Early Form-Based Morphological Decomposition in Tagalog: MEG Evidence from Reduplication, Infixation, and Circumfixation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; Economic and Social Research Council; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Affix; Morpheme; Linguistics; Reduplication; Tagalog; Computer science; Syntax; Phonology; Natural language processing; Parsing; Noun; Artificial intelligence; Semantics (computer science); Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02995287286388449,"gpt":0.3102993888146632,"spread":0.2803465159507787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002060335,0.0001650325,0.0002847164,0.0001386477,0.00007113298,0.00001920021,0.0002126146,0.0002072585,0.0001097448],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001604966,0.0001516499,0.00005635605,0.0003201407,0.0003059482,0.0001758936,0.0000831914,0.0002474944,0.0000158869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000196617,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006461224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002120611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007693886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979953,0.0005662325,0.000431457,0.0006692206,0.0001006854,0.0002370799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980357,0.001223258,0.0002431119,0.0003663349,0.00007901512,0.00005255134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005977571,0.00008115541,0.02069302,0.00001406793,0.000002268284,0.0003916106,0.001071975,0.00002368267,0.9769527,0.00006574622,0.00002993675,0.0006140274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006011855,0.0001761143,0.1806521,0.00006156483,0.00001393166,0.0002071693,0.00009005791,0.00009798072,0.8171946,0.0007386831,0.00001575313,0.0001509415],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974983,0.0003051189,0.0002699387,0.001342192,0.0001485534,0.0002131335,0.00005223593,0.00006451604,0.0001060664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972742,0.00006829509,0.000617941,0.001838878,0.00004374537,0.00002070575,0.00009832062,0.00001210472,0.00002587602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.159959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6184102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3212505055","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00060","title":"Effects of Sleep on Language and Motor Consolidation: Evidence of Domain General and Specific Mechanisms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Israel Science Foundation","keywords":"Motor learning; Psychology; Motor skill; Cognitive psychology; Grammar; Sequence learning; Consolidation (business); Task (project management); Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Developmental psychology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02271691877649454,"gpt":0.2932661845172219,"spread":0.2705492657407274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000148137,0.0001036418,0.0002733179,0.00009941775,0.00003337107,0.000006795959,0.000136353,0.00007596723,0.00006726805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005922714,0.00008949434,0.0000382044,0.000159933,0.0003581753,0.00004969146,0.0001269738,0.0001237531,0.000002578935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004645427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000191775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001354726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003030393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987487,0.0004143215,0.000201684,0.0003316232,0.0001374273,0.0001662127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998247,0.001319679,0.0001090821,0.0002370152,0.00003825711,0.00004901278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001176427,0.00006253725,0.0001675229,0.0001765584,0.000005839634,0.0001433657,0.0008011714,0.000001488636,0.9925861,0.004226635,0.00001257448,0.001698508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005397268,0.0004822687,0.005189206,0.00007009687,0.000008103751,0.00004493097,0.0002356084,0.00001867599,0.993148,0.0001838386,0.00001393647,0.00006559245],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980839,0.001123434,0.0001310861,0.0001090971,0.000117632,0.0001939171,0.00003025458,0.00001111301,0.0001995923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990876,0.0002095431,0.0003904402,0.0001674229,0.00002710186,0.000008265974,0.000002425985,0.000009471836,0.00009771062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005021683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3649473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044174718","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00020","title":"A Study of Null Effects for the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Adults With and Without Reading Impairment","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Women and Children’s Health Research Institute; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation; Psychology; Reading (process); Audiology; Stimulation; Population; Temporoparietal junction; Brain stimulation; Developmental psychology; Neuroscience; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Medicine; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05205202215910525,"gpt":0.3018099656586857,"spread":0.2497579434995805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007409054,0.0001180938,0.0003328037,0.00005825198,0.00003175188,0.000003154546,0.00009147751,0.00002650436,0.000002417443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003186785,0.00007703019,0.000034047,0.0001864744,0.0001635788,0.00004360339,0.0000214151,0.00007749296,1.141665e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003580112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009446499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008125234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007082026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990193,0.0001993977,0.0002912386,0.0002709911,0.00009989079,0.0001191795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981188,0.001559286,0.0001486797,0.0001186723,0.00003151056,0.00002308539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007777309,0.0009102872,0.1574017,0.000649642,0.00003411933,0.000006408231,0.07177716,0.007082554,0.7499763,0.00003949125,0.000007048941,0.004337937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01602548,0.01446817,0.9227356,0.0002126506,0.0001823525,0.000004078738,0.00106423,0.006727807,0.03837621,0.000004165974,0.00002143368,0.0001778365],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975658,0.00008772103,0.0003310828,0.0000926096,0.0000603708,0.001799831,0.0000395062,0.00001633029,0.000006732677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997273,0.00001899741,0.0001286358,0.00005612707,0.00001406173,0.00004194518,0.000001066535,0.00001066798,0.000001184124],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7653339,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.31412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2215057099","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00043-2","title":"Neurobiology of Statistical Information Processing in the Auditory Domain","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Information processing; Computer science; Neuroscience; Domain (mathematical analysis); Psychology; Cognitive science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03344170253256868,"gpt":0.2920098495163555,"spread":0.2585681469837868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004235915,0.0002288245,0.0004090439,0.0002728715,0.00004735864,0.00001129874,0.0005650209,0.0002435723,0.00009143748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003507048,0.0001653271,0.0000659028,0.0000920809,0.001047519,0.000191048,0.0001147739,0.0005256139,0.0000479953],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002091479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001728222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000103889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001279829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983125,0.0002691657,0.0005875957,0.0003511485,0.0002221392,0.0002574546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987312,0.000292016,0.0005257705,0.0003580659,0.00005493331,0.00003804773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001578,0.00008693613,0.0000150425,0.0002060897,0.000001944632,0.00006054656,0.005559764,0.00002497931,0.9502739,0.02437865,0.006957287,0.01227705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01117607,0.01604432,0.03830944,0.001458336,0.0004866409,0.002556661,0.00515259,0.0004294534,0.08713291,0.08794454,0.7438309,0.00547819],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7649627,0.00006253765,0.0003044073,0.0004453816,0.002005927,0.001136229,0.0007286738,0.00008355045,0.2302706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941685,0.00004380139,0.00008063855,0.002395701,0.0001582517,0.00001313483,0.00008393011,0.00002199192,0.003034054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.863141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6741845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4399726398","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00150","title":"Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Consolidation of Morphologically Derived Words in a Novel Language: Evidence From Hebrew Speakers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Categorization, perception, and language","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"United States - Israel Binational Science Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Hebrew; Linguistics; Consolidation (business); Psychology; History; Cognitive science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02191103862299342,"gpt":0.3159034512263042,"spread":0.2939924126033108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002896873,0.0001444164,0.0003467432,0.0002062002,0.00001758133,0.000007747461,0.0001434925,0.0001919049,0.002021684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000225126,0.0001289756,0.0000657147,0.0002592802,0.0002406201,0.00007818868,0.0000587466,0.0002556188,0.000009716574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001388442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003668089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001794852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003764216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986824,0.0002432252,0.0004387418,0.0003734581,0.00008538597,0.0001767985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989575,0.0005966236,0.00017618,0.0001948563,0.00004187657,0.00003295487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001198787,0.00006531066,0.007099526,0.00007291898,0.0000320799,0.000049847,0.03944109,0.00004658282,0.950402,0.0008026484,0.00001612982,0.001851973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002924456,0.001971715,0.7777072,0.0006406198,0.0002311363,0.0002422395,0.06449627,0.001416356,0.1491844,0.000497949,0.00005836208,0.0006292582],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934544,0.002580408,0.003041963,0.00008113588,0.0002836835,0.0001838559,0.00006901769,0.00005168326,0.0002538452],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988443,0.00006524043,0.0006123632,0.0000947048,0.00004048903,0.000008859402,0.0001134954,0.00001762965,0.0002029682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8012176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309185910","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00092","title":"Sources of Heterogeneity in Functional Connectivity During English Word Processing in Bilingual and Monolingual Children","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Variation (astronomy); Multilingualism; Task (project management); Age of Acquisition; Language proficiency; Literacy; Linguistics; Lateralization of brain function; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Cognition","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01538933665618237,"gpt":0.2514786469370476,"spread":0.2360893102808652,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004002867,0.0001892053,0.0004233237,0.0003996976,0.0001161741,0.000006383398,0.0002594006,0.00009449622,0.0000468633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000678291,0.0001880178,0.00006602916,0.0004039845,0.0004003739,0.00008340516,0.0003754215,0.0005314958,3.462318e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000242022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008063691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001713538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002420842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977959,0.0006333237,0.0004686768,0.0006331943,0.0001274968,0.0003414264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991274,0.0003347515,0.0002660356,0.0002102155,0.00002428391,0.00003730347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002780386,0.0002485312,0.2354593,0.00004188871,0.000003472482,0.0002662711,0.008574848,0.0004268522,0.7537982,0.00001471864,8.213382e-7,0.0008870537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001647751,0.0002752843,0.2992347,0.00002061371,0.000008847796,0.0006660418,0.001932644,0.00003738384,0.6959201,0.00003734359,0.000006074437,0.0002132505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989302,0.0004200166,6.420988e-7,0.00002788722,0.0001851865,0.0002553434,0.00007441801,0.00004580637,0.00006048346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996613,0.0000131862,0.00002166989,0.0001821702,0.00006448323,0.00001440469,0.00001031623,0.00001780009,0.00001461861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06377535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7667143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4393163158","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00143","title":"Impact of ASL Exposure on Spoken Phonemic Discrimination in Adult CI Users: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute for Health and Care Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy; Infrared; Spectroscopy; Audiology; Psychology; Medicine; Physics; Neuroscience; Optics; Cognition; Astronomy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02040921256941128,"gpt":0.307233834902977,"spread":0.2868246223335656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001174889,0.0001587052,0.0002429547,0.0002149398,0.00002682628,0.00002552895,0.0002175901,0.00007150783,0.0001477479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001709605,0.0001196774,0.0001086996,0.0002920635,0.0001322646,0.0001032299,0.00005958226,0.0002601567,0.00002576049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003958901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005535335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001286515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004676109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987148,0.0002342592,0.000297525,0.0004196703,0.0001321837,0.0002015501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992499,0.0003761977,0.000089211,0.0002315973,0.00002443667,0.00002865623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002850055,0.0004482484,0.01502997,0.00003885162,0.00001648557,0.00007931973,0.006204315,0.0002324342,0.9766641,0.00006887729,0.0005960457,0.0003363498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001159687,0.005494466,0.2741728,0.0001366975,0.00002060156,0.00004165078,0.001107665,0.0008675666,0.7167122,0.00008618919,0.00001639299,0.0001840359],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983449,0.00004161505,0.00002315966,0.00007825508,0.0004572069,0.0002778803,0.00008846228,0.00006147079,0.0006270231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995649,0.000005703903,0.0000455608,0.0001270433,0.00005522315,0.00000973754,0.00001297928,0.00001535875,0.000163521],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2599519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4880303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3021266348","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00012-2","title":"Phonology","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Phonology; Perspective (graphical); Linguistics; Cognitive science; Field (mathematics); Cognition; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Philosophy; Neuroscience","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0696737480520689,"gpt":0.3589110405530316,"spread":0.2892372925009627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002749251,0.0003369539,0.0007605043,0.0003294774,0.00002901823,0.000003199389,0.000637235,0.001298848,0.01698206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004538694,0.0003160521,0.0001729627,0.00003530069,0.0008835056,0.00001082933,0.0002581086,0.001039103,0.003347732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002522587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001156118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001221964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005654306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982555,0.0001400756,0.0004361149,0.0005913809,0.0001105237,0.0004663978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982651,0.0002405731,0.0002974257,0.0009421568,0.0001324729,0.0001223074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001225717,0.0003362038,0.000320478,0.0001312111,0.001673551,0.001741132,0.01633418,0.000002740415,0.02704461,0.3328028,0.5934286,0.0249588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002923342,0.003366285,0.002975926,0.00007020088,0.0002329829,0.0007354334,0.0002991549,0.000001511312,0.001468787,0.03181018,0.9550005,0.001115718],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02694407,0.004387282,0.000003583111,0.000248595,0.001971901,0.0002628715,0.0003078462,0.00007619167,0.9657977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08798616,0.0001187923,0.00005102183,0.000328103,0.0003162879,0.0000166952,0.0002391512,0.00009675085,0.9108471],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3615719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999977,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4381571745","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00110","title":"Neural Correlates of Object-Extracted Relative Clause Processing Across English and Chinese","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"University of California, Irvine; Universität des Saarlandes; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Precuneus; Comprehension; Psychology; Linguistics; Angular gyrus; Object (grammar); Relative clause; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Typology; Superior temporal gyrus; Vagueness; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Neuroscience; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01776740660598887,"gpt":0.3122219328137147,"spread":0.2944545262077259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002865157,0.0002618198,0.0004961601,0.0001772211,0.0001389192,0.00001363919,0.0003272273,0.000238239,0.00002983083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002610468,0.0002029486,0.0001023806,0.0007217824,0.000968495,0.0002141818,0.0002550972,0.0004626154,0.00001171362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005302102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002896559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000248602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001914249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979805,0.0003495318,0.0004853267,0.0006060428,0.0001134976,0.0004650643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978933,0.001252627,0.0003779033,0.0003163739,0.00009061894,0.0000691945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001197667,0.00006641445,0.02041625,0.00007718882,0.000009518435,0.0003986297,0.02336399,0.00001553876,0.9537094,0.00003712729,0.00003970997,0.001746482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002775287,0.001336201,0.1470394,0.0001234626,0.00007395579,0.0008536594,0.005151967,0.0007823422,0.8406088,0.0003746909,0.0001472966,0.0007328678],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981128,0.0002495688,0.00000210358,0.000095498,0.0004673962,0.0002502043,0.000140106,0.0002697934,0.0004125242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991087,0.00006282619,0.00003440868,0.0003272762,0.0000894565,0.000005826417,0.00003154004,0.00003091848,0.0003089944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1266232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8276002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406855671","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00161","title":"The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Structural Brain Connectivity and Early Language Skills in a South African Birth Cohort","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute; Alberta Children's Hospital; University of Calgary","funders":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; South African Medical Research Council; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Jacobs Foundation; National Research Foundation; Newton Fund; Wellcome Trust; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","keywords":"Toddler; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Language development; Context (archaeology); Cognition; Early childhood; Moderation; Population; Bayley Scales of Infant Development; Medicine; Psychiatry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.002806093542996168,"gpt":0.240017920131828,"spread":0.2372118265888318,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000313251,0.0001941448,0.0005194278,0.0001712762,0.00004130357,0.000005956065,0.0001616689,0.0001423556,0.000004858225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001715785,0.0001304273,0.0000783447,0.0002383815,0.0003648627,0.00003660186,0.00009542896,0.0003563932,9.645254e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002609859,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004479792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000132264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001224964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986063,0.0003664204,0.0002833522,0.0003440151,0.0001186675,0.0002812198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997067,0.00226882,0.0001560478,0.0004262314,0.00003010721,0.00005176118],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009141658,0.0001009056,0.5673481,0.0005890689,0.0001511149,0.000214992,0.01038555,0.00000227315,0.4139254,0.0003835116,0.00004482716,0.005940116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002171238,0.001062048,0.7685801,0.0002440741,0.00003144252,0.00001428318,0.000305307,0.000005033592,0.227479,0.00002406775,0.000006588757,0.00007679856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967997,0.001391237,0.000003292889,0.000158629,0.0002259974,0.0009690314,0.00004174588,0.00003863098,0.0003717464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994086,0.000009045307,0.00002640632,0.0002048294,0.00002789931,0.00003208104,0.00001047791,0.00001477132,0.0002658926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.201232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5318673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408948506","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00167","title":"Exploring the Relationship Between White Matter Tracts and Resting-State Functional Language Lateralization Index","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université de Montréal; Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Courtois Foundation","keywords":"Lateralization of brain function; White matter; Index (typography); Resting state fMRI; Functional connectivity; Psychology; Neuroscience; Medicine; Computer science; Magnetic resonance imaging","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08830022868781541,"gpt":0.2999409156343998,"spread":0.2116406869465844,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002666141,0.0001836526,0.000233078,0.0002174864,0.0002177241,0.00002798322,0.0002379038,0.0000899139,0.00005163793],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008592322,0.0001334461,0.00005890519,0.0003491632,0.0003729181,0.0001816797,0.000139134,0.0003861594,0.00002385395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001001528,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002710877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004573113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002640799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983473,0.0004767499,0.000362164,0.000447755,0.00008902431,0.0002770418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974576,0.001979778,0.0001676922,0.0003299608,0.00002681354,0.0000381551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006272295,0.00002576857,0.8476826,0.00005143593,0.000009637058,0.00007729956,0.004454013,0.00005047306,0.1464325,0.0002689544,0.0002744959,0.0006101049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003999811,0.00005195791,0.9463619,0.00003947548,0.00002479084,0.00008160807,0.000313816,0.00001046724,0.0521896,0.0002854518,0.0001144849,0.0001264779],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965056,0.00007292655,0.0001155196,0.001516139,0.0003823689,0.0002285409,0.00003745581,0.00008513577,0.001056284],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995234,0.000009427332,0.00002831031,0.002632368,0.00009026181,0.00001957738,0.00002824587,0.00001664158,0.00194121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09867927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5441774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4412532653","doi":"10.1162/nol.a.22","title":"The Effects of Theta-Gamma Peak Stimulation on Sensorimotor Learning During Speech Production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Acadia University","funders":"National Institute for Health and Care Research; Department of Health and Social Care; Wellcome Trust; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; Dominic Barker Trust","keywords":"Stimulation; Production (economics); Psychology; Speech production; Cognitive psychology; Audiology; Communication; Neuroscience; Speech recognition; Computer science; Medicine; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008035961881163825,"gpt":0.2627942429965746,"spread":0.2547582811154108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001295685,0.00009336224,0.0001440986,0.00008508585,0.0001229473,0.000008566257,0.0001789333,0.00004971301,0.000003579029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001286109,0.00006238496,0.00005270479,0.0001392244,0.0001399359,0.00003386511,0.00006256459,0.0001980939,0.000005205196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000908361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009405652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007165781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002253433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989798,0.0003612956,0.0001835417,0.0002619454,0.00007100392,0.0001424166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985386,0.001064409,0.0001396338,0.0002214714,0.00002529223,0.00001065672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000867698,0.00003444588,0.0008214709,0.0000893934,0.000006096538,0.000005847166,0.0004422138,0.0007084563,0.9950383,0.0001450716,0.00003877232,0.002583183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002128299,0.0002668962,0.01866242,0.00006077205,0.000008137238,0.000008381165,0.00005261942,0.0001414576,0.9803805,0.00003171411,0.0001304255,0.00004381565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975371,0.00004699266,0.00001102938,0.0002797275,0.0009281053,0.000245652,0.000001211531,0.0000518379,0.0008983858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974655,0.00001538179,0.00002021806,0.00006988165,0.00006113899,0.000003984884,8.847819e-7,0.000006615285,0.002356373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01784095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2543985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7126232837","doi":"10.1162/nol.e.241","title":"The White Matter Connectome Supporting Speech and Language in the Human","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"White matter; Connectome; Connectomics; Lateralization of brain function; Diffusion MRI; Reading (process); Functional connectivity; Human brain","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02126714840919291,"gpt":0.3656625327855713,"spread":0.3443953843763784,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001901811,0.00006628223,0.0001261419,0.00005096089,0.00007463733,0.00000641083,0.0001305987,0.00003303298,0.00002431859],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050271,0.00003751414,0.00002671683,0.0001238031,0.0001696009,0.00001222463,0.00005710743,0.0001989726,0.000002692439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004227772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007701549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002438064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000225203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994578,0.0000580708,0.0001730779,0.000144707,0.00003056506,0.0001357275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994352,0.0001725871,0.00006189612,0.0003075993,0.00001201833,0.00001066961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003811462,0.0001054923,0.5485544,0.0001014538,0.00001714902,0.0001261826,0.003626999,6.654417e-7,0.430574,0.006081358,0.005968022,0.004806194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009525509,0.00016602,0.9486544,0.00008226401,0.00005411288,0.0002639192,0.004530268,0.00002057944,0.03772385,0.001320741,0.006103043,0.0001282134],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838874,0.0001508691,0.00004287491,0.009973322,0.00001673428,0.0002811709,0.000005541608,0.00003296803,0.00560912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948941,0.00001235608,0.0002874575,0.003875673,0.00001613201,0.00002301523,0.00001052373,0.000006200224,0.0008745599],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4001001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1529782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414596157","doi":"10.1162/nol.a.26","title":"The Speech Network in Childhood Stuttering: Differences in Functional Connectivity of the Planning and Motor Loops","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Functional connectivity; Thalamus; Stuttering; Motor area; Premotor cortex; Basal ganglia; Primary motor cortex; Functional neuroimaging","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01861790421235449,"gpt":0.2974569813150151,"spread":0.2788390771026606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001985814,0.00007074828,0.0001568549,0.00005378904,0.00004439809,0.000004081728,0.0001346537,0.00005026123,0.00002686555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008254506,0.00004011301,0.00002745056,0.0001411663,0.0002014515,0.000008977151,0.0001152287,0.0001772712,8.313418e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009312203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001845096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002389279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002782151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992115,0.0002450556,0.0001498509,0.000159934,0.00004061458,0.0001930258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989735,0.0007769773,0.0000517435,0.0001789686,0.000007977579,0.00001079123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001149379,0.00009912562,0.9945408,0.000007093881,0.00004250388,0.00001241766,0.0008081485,0.000008998926,0.001429019,0.0005202958,0.00008031933,0.002336415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006141269,0.0001172938,0.9982522,0.00003572142,0.000003953715,0.000006291295,0.0004406086,0.000003866221,0.0002835948,0.0001897871,0.00002619165,0.00002634638],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970104,0.0009647909,0.000004342377,0.0003669907,0.0003090672,0.0001991812,0.000009187224,0.000005414765,0.001130678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999656,0.000009601516,0.000007539385,0.00008282855,0.00002241838,0.00002389794,0.000001295474,0.00000288594,0.0001935067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003711494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1635761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409248088","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00168","title":"Structural Development of Speech Networks in Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neurobiology of Language","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute of Mental Health","keywords":"Cross-sectional study; Psychology; Audiology; Developmental psychology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01072306777916547,"gpt":0.3173532492545527,"spread":0.3066301814753872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002625652,0.0001483935,0.0002811553,0.0002594949,0.00004473978,0.000006256802,0.0002621728,0.0001493059,0.0006241412],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000358646,0.0001322816,0.00005158037,0.0003201219,0.0001240199,0.00002902607,0.0001062498,0.0002047989,0.00000779856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002052893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000587263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004568398,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001244881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986355,0.0001385549,0.0005668739,0.000327146,0.00007636108,0.0002555164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999495,0.00007876223,0.000141502,0.0002277122,0.00003747163,0.00001950299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001582277,0.0001520324,0.989028,0.000007539066,0.0001031583,0.00001431081,0.007515228,0.00003768352,0.0005274527,0.0001143357,0.00004280972,0.00229917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001635013,0.0000732174,0.9960756,0.000006409539,0.000006967897,0.00001065441,0.001555638,0.000005584172,0.0005107257,0.00001368749,0.000004867281,0.0001016059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936302,0.0002244539,0.00003162454,0.000008516416,0.0008027385,0.0003818198,0.000007613231,0.00002761873,0.004885413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988554,7.400759e-7,0.0002579474,0.00006421031,0.00003039928,0.00002007294,0.00006539845,0.000008989336,0.0006968323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007047578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6833909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}