{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"016d39b46eb7","filters":{"venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine"}},"results":[{"id":"W2120941338","doi":"10.1080/15401420390844483","title":"Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationship in the Immune System following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Mechanisms and Implications","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine","topic":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","field":"Medicine","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Immune system; Ionizing radiation; Immunity; Lymphocyte; Carcinogenesis; Cancer research; Immunology; Medicine; Radiobiology; Biology; Cancer; Radiation therapy; Irradiation; Internal medicine","authors":[{"name":"Shuzheng Liu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02890619530824454,"gpt":0.3398641068756881,"spread":0.3109579115674435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000597164,0.0002413796,0.0002852195,0.0003331787,0.00009870096,0.0003107068,0.0004285098,0.0005737668,0.001487168],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008886069,0.0001392466,0.0003337856,0.000327688,0.0004308876,0.0002641978,0.0002587847,0.0005236052,0.0004182427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002759384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001511166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001663161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001000366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997976,0.00008398169,0.00001505762,0.00003532419,0.00004114257,0.00002694647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992886,0.0003801477,0.0001342583,0.00007013915,0.00009035769,0.00003640197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003069165,0.0007629265,0.03934558,0.002180434,0.000162427,0.001772624,0.000613462,0.006023501,0.8630325,0.00272959,0.000764015,0.07954368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001955176,0.01320755,0.4210247,0.000164271,0.0005400129,0.0107875,0.0009343298,0.02328561,0.5047273,0.009043067,0.01598546,0.0001047673],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9371259,0.04657632,0.01109336,0.000669299,0.00008556388,0.0001093814,0.0001651664,0.0001844399,0.003990549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9816678,0.01313484,0.00275506,0.0002690391,0.00008120076,0.0000694129,0.0001196266,0.0000111805,0.001891966],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001487168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00497508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980634605","doi":"10.2201/nonlin.003.01.003","title":"Hormetic Influence of Glucocorticoids on Human Memory","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine","topic":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Douglas College; McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Hormesis; Cognition; Human memory; Function (biology); Glucocorticoid; Human studies; Neuroscience; Psychology; Biology; Medicine; Internal medicine; Endocrinology","authors":[{"name":"Sonia Lupien","is_ca":true},{"name":"Claudia Buß","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tania E. Schramek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Françoise S. Maheu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jens C. Pruessner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06037195628812471,"gpt":0.3948512756815513,"spread":0.3344793193934266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001549053,0.0001820876,0.0001922247,0.0002848608,0.000172153,0.0004449944,0.0001120117,0.0001692503,0.00140649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002758008,0.00003023821,0.0001172853,0.0001249823,0.0005009038,0.0002310954,0.0002097644,0.0002097453,0.00014892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000240375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001886164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00078316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001266329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999108,0.00003331181,0.000005619085,0.00001520363,0.00002061272,0.00001437522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998806,0.00004685384,0.00002434253,0.00001453701,0.00001589358,0.00001787739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002254023,0.0001308304,0.02963327,0.001739091,0.0002060816,0.002136233,0.002226964,0.00146246,0.3329068,0.04273894,0.003437014,0.5811282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001216557,0.003863668,0.3110372,0.0009151893,0.0004887134,0.008783744,0.002976336,0.00106365,0.2557077,0.08595695,0.3289246,0.0001605747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6137949,0.3175109,0.01196334,0.005368855,0.000554221,0.00003145978,0.0004365649,0.0001324072,0.05020748],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9400997,0.05401921,0.00261593,0.0005440928,0.0002878636,0.00001222121,0.00007529802,0.00000729134,0.002338416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00140649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004705191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106259422","doi":"10.1080/15401420490900263","title":"An Examination of Radiation Hormesis Mechanisms Using a Multistage Carcinogenesis Model","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine","topic":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","field":"Medicine","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Carcinogenesis; DNA damage; Hormesis; Lung cancer; DNA repair; Genome instability; Cancer; Limiting; Linear energy transfer; Cancer research; Biology; Chemistry; Irradiation; Biophysics; Toxicology; DNA; Medicine; Pathology; Genetics; Physics; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Helmut Schöllnberger","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert D. Stewart","is_ca":false},{"name":"R. E. J. Mitchel","is_ca":true},{"name":"W. Hofmann","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03483349594087957,"gpt":0.3648985499126304,"spread":0.3300650539717508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007320209,0.0005940167,0.0007218307,0.00053478,0.0002735132,0.000527885,0.001065376,0.0007559251,0.002005919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001311955,0.000207495,0.001320577,0.0004202602,0.00039838,0.000617745,0.0006102445,0.0007511113,0.0002260284],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009854678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008756567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005613674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002526562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997565,0.00009264337,0.000008418724,0.00003970662,0.00005793765,0.00004473021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992959,0.000445206,0.0001030177,0.00004717773,0.00007063075,0.00003801594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009029336,0.0000772097,0.001169628,0.000083646,0.00002822349,0.000160681,0.00006079019,0.9481391,0.01375073,0.03244023,0.0002151136,0.003784233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002286946,0.0002028331,0.0005664504,0.000007004668,0.00002216271,0.00005053495,0.00001363412,0.9891766,0.001630895,0.007508733,0.0007832025,0.00001500729],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3325865,0.001011362,0.6469209,0.0009785881,0.00007555023,0.0002701373,0.0006265953,0.0002388384,0.01729152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9501296,0.001058841,0.03659185,0.0001573728,0.00003162819,0.0002628936,0.0002011063,0.00004388997,0.01152286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005613674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01116204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2137672543","doi":"10.1080/15401420490900272","title":"Alcohol: Friend or FOE? Alcoholic Beverage Hormesis for Cataract and Atherosclerosis is Related to Plasma Antioxidant Activity","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine","topic":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","field":"Medicine","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Wine; Alcohol; Antioxidant; Chemistry; Food science; Ingestion; Ethanol; Oxidative stress; Biochemistry","authors":[{"name":"Claire D. Prickett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Erin J. Lister","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michelle M. Collins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Colleen C. Trevithick‐Sutton","is_ca":true},{"name":"Maurice Hirst","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joe A. Vinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"E. C. Noble","is_ca":true},{"name":"John R. Trevithick","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1296349961604761,"gpt":0.4470272857931029,"spread":0.3173922896326268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006609253,0.0002547804,0.0003732129,0.0005439125,0.0003775785,0.0005579388,0.0001549624,0.0006034799,0.005449474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002434903,0.0001599755,0.0003636121,0.0004270964,0.000508983,0.0005781697,0.0002486607,0.0005671727,0.0008888211],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002646163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002309969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001024118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001583496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997596,0.0001032497,0.000009844205,0.00004150593,0.00005448235,0.00003127754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984855,0.0003168731,0.000662207,0.0001428972,0.0001881442,0.0002043851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006258076,0.0006125097,0.8056416,0.0008109437,0.001186844,0.001445466,0.0008934813,0.000120029,0.04641221,0.001374422,0.005583416,0.1296611],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006152699,0.002354631,0.9655879,0.000298717,0.0005005972,0.004417142,0.001329361,0.0004618698,0.00610155,0.002238238,0.01659605,0.00005239006],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9538711,0.02708856,0.002061066,0.01091854,0.0004857132,0.00003595505,0.0004090127,0.000124151,0.005005854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892858,0.005941209,0.001004969,0.0009943218,0.0003178813,0.00001009185,0.0001468187,0.00001763038,0.002281263],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005449474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01823032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080504905","doi":"10.1080/15401420490507512","title":"The Bystander Effect: Recent Developments and Implications for Understanding the Dose Response","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine","topic":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Atomic Energy (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Bystander effect; Ionizing radiation; Adaptive response; Biology; In vitro; Cell; Cell type; Toxicology; Cell biology; Neuroscience; Medicine; Immunology; Irradiation; Genetics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"R. E. J. Mitchel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05572014230223774,"gpt":0.3937796129531262,"spread":0.3380594706508885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005517408,0.002068114,0.004394289,0.004127852,0.000807319,0.004329888,0.00349291,0.005849547,0.002628656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005344739,0.0008206216,0.001809903,0.004432134,0.009963226,0.01326229,0.002127044,0.008930439,0.001471754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004261773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002409717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003190585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001916667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984124,0.0004520997,0.0001743096,0.0004961096,0.0003434909,0.0001215135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9883417,0.00780515,0.001072974,0.0005906699,0.001711274,0.0004781373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004888459,0.0003538585,0.004520351,0.01782038,0.0002663488,0.001189139,0.001308277,0.009632022,0.02357348,0.1721323,0.009140709,0.7595743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004702209,0.001216598,0.006918587,0.002799219,0.000315787,0.005317737,0.002030063,0.01222518,0.01100519,0.3745575,0.5830565,0.0005105186],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002001589,0.9657668,0.02106654,0.007839249,0.0007669565,0.00002398245,0.00003364884,0.00008069143,0.002420591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0192579,0.9495526,0.0221893,0.002873392,0.004338753,0.00006652693,0.00006903327,0.0000451325,0.001607303],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005849547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03092152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}