{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":1,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":1,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"4239acf260be","filters":{"venue":"Nordia Geographical Publications"}},"results":[{"id":"W3120940476","doi":"10.30671/nordia.100210","title":"Technological and institutional lock-in and excessive synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use on North American grain and oilseed farms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nordia Geographical Publications","topic":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Profitability index; Fertilizer; Production (economics); Business; Environmental science; Greenhouse; Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Tillage; Agricultural economics; Agricultural science; Agronomy; Economics; Geography; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Luke Struckman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02241184746138084,"gpt":0.233279549379285,"spread":0.2108677019179041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007069774,0.000121704,0.0001026732,0.0004806703,0.00161748,0.0007809957,0.0004409991,0.0003249386,0.001650543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001284006,0.0001222922,0.0001108267,0.0007584246,0.001218829,0.0004926329,0.0009585758,0.0003754606,0.0001260115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005959817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006083755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2644727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6629342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992168,0.0001884519,0.00001696038,0.0001107987,0.0001595699,0.0003073987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980711,0.0005063274,0.0007552488,0.00009007142,0.000254233,0.0003230138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004161018,0.001168156,0.9014725,0.000105204,0.00004167159,0.00124582,0.03042613,0.0006356802,0.008532437,0.002002691,0.00263864,0.05131492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005261056,0.0001859536,0.9576613,0.00002306894,0.00001182918,0.00004999421,0.03761717,0.0002127302,0.0005062327,0.0001452146,0.003571631,0.000009561859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985423,0.00001857171,0.00001854876,0.00009247343,9.903376e-7,0.000004506199,0.00002208956,0.000001272805,0.001299373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979709,0.0001119507,0.0001005577,0.0000879323,0.000001905135,0.00001774492,0.00005942176,9.681088e-7,0.001648639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7355273,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5258666,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}