{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"28cb8394ea86","filters":{"venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology"}},"results":[{"id":"W3174654865","doi":"10.4236/ojmh.2021.112002","title":"Review on the Estimating the Effective Way for Managing the Produced Water: Case Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Produced water; Environmental science; Workover; Reuse; Wastewater; Waste management; Shut down; Petroleum industry; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Geology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed A. Kassab","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali E. Abbas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Iman Elgamal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Basem M. Shawky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mahmoud F. Mubarak","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rasha Hosny","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0440276855959557,"gpt":0.3436825772883121,"spread":0.2996548916923564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004090291,0.0001275846,0.0002962486,0.00002588966,0.0002566025,0.00009351799,0.000512725,0.00002792549,0.00001680337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000472973,0.000050878,0.00009567844,0.00008929415,0.00001936715,0.00008752749,0.0001070908,0.0004018694,0.00000242729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002889305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001210513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005978412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005899096,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985785,0.0006422214,0.0003512124,0.0001199494,0.0001163077,0.0001917394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981025,0.001259374,0.00008330576,0.0004047887,0.0001194087,0.00003061976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001707508,0.00002067237,0.00001620595,0.000102581,0.0001686754,0.0002090135,0.001319423,0.9722205,0.000366308,0.00003236788,0.000269594,0.02525759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000534458,0.0001857341,0.00001968976,0.0002388709,0.0001232238,0.002148261,0.0002098932,0.9918682,0.001417227,0.001846189,0.001324921,0.00008335466],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.851137,0.005760262,0.1323347,0.008115265,0.0006003771,0.001707039,0.000001167951,0.000019383,0.0003247898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962224,0.0001377029,0.002852618,0.0004332159,0.0001680134,0.0001146447,5.899831e-7,0.00002742988,0.00004335885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1450854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2074745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2233375878","doi":"10.4236/ojmh.2016.61001","title":"Impact of Global Warming on Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Relationship of Precipitation: A Case Study of Toronto, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Duration (music); Climatology; Intensity (physics); Precipitation; Environmental science; Global warming; Atmospheric sciences; Gumbel distribution; Meteorology; Climate change; Geography; Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Extreme value theory; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Érick Carlier","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jamal El Khattabi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04057037669745082,"gpt":0.3142558230971128,"spread":0.2736854463996619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007173607,0.00009685232,0.0003538476,0.0000148881,0.0000532836,0.000005079952,0.0003207019,0.00005810564,0.0004995669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003129732,0.00006585522,0.00006922891,0.00006474226,0.00009763621,0.0004307579,0.0001317095,0.00007810654,8.827118e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007419665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002560294,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5793236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7149803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984555,0.000222083,0.0007711308,0.0001450873,0.0002726879,0.0001334652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984709,0.0003000358,0.0007900844,0.0002486349,0.0001075188,0.00008285279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005643835,0.0006820877,0.9548913,0.000007356105,0.0001120032,0.0001330339,0.003029191,0.0317876,0.005871916,0.000165671,0.00009324853,0.002662241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004717657,0.008617771,0.9543574,0.0001257039,0.0002071105,0.002622998,0.001371379,0.008995605,0.000577458,0.01813075,0.000008276251,0.0002678765],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975082,0.00002295707,0.0006697749,0.0002225182,0.00008688923,0.0002526553,0.00002662714,0.000001042861,0.001209281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995374,0.000005546788,0.0004061833,0.00001877448,0.00001100072,0.000002270314,6.082039e-7,0.000004568829,0.00001362835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1356567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5469908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2488558180","doi":"10.4236/ojmh.2016.63013","title":"Parameter Estimation of a Distributed Hydrological Model Using a Genetic Algorithm","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Moncton","funders":"New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Université de Moncton","keywords":"Watershed; Calibration; Computer science; Genetic algorithm; Resource (disambiguation); Flow (mathematics); Mathematical optimization; Hydrology (agriculture); Mathematics; Statistics; Geology; Machine learning","authors":[{"name":"Jasmin Boisvert","is_ca":true},{"name":"Nassir El‐Jabi","is_ca":true},{"name":"André St‐Hilaire","is_ca":true},{"name":"Salah‐Eddine El Adlouni","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03168617759782405,"gpt":0.2730626944511851,"spread":0.241376516853361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005049828,0.000138869,0.000394355,0.00005664485,0.00008705088,0.00001085951,0.000562428,0.0001147198,0.0002912523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008272627,0.00008486121,0.00008613863,0.00007755673,0.0003996118,0.0003223959,0.0005996664,0.0001105688,0.0000231742],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006865041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001414696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002301838,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003390113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986539,0.0001557572,0.0005117714,0.0002123811,0.0001885438,0.0002775821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991779,0.0001047458,0.0004373403,0.0001862247,0.00001833857,0.00007546601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002024103,0.000135473,0.00623121,0.000002717674,0.0001052147,0.00005071587,0.0001527424,0.940467,0.003720765,0.00002525047,0.000209855,0.04869667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001030221,0.0003968269,0.002737306,0.00001340707,0.00009190173,0.0001359032,0.000002623919,0.9112801,0.0005475065,0.08358584,0.00007244024,0.0001059362],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4955205,0.00002518458,0.5035234,0.0006505681,0.0000349216,0.00009346456,0.000006247796,0.000002771504,0.0001429421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9141247,0.0000351598,0.08554299,0.0002175641,0.00001334631,0.000004452804,0.00000100033,0.000008041258,0.00005271099],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4186043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.346054,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2937870990","doi":"10.4236/ojmh.2019.92003","title":"End-Member Selection in Two-Component Isotope-Based Hydrograph Separation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan; University of Manitoba; Research Manitoba","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba","keywords":"Hydrograph; Watershed; Hydrography; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Transferability; δ18O; Stable isotope ratio; Geology; Drainage basin; Geography; Computer science; Oceanography; Cartography","authors":[{"name":"Samuel Bansah","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan Arthur Quaye‐Ballard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel Ato Andam‐Akorful","is_ca":false},{"name":"Edward Bam","is_ca":true},{"name":"Geophrey K. Anornu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01451925213712425,"gpt":0.2844031133377743,"spread":0.2698838612006501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005847389,0.0001069855,0.0002489462,0.0001059229,0.00006000048,0.00004484297,0.0003036044,0.00004326074,0.001533143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000541318,0.00009116199,0.00006198665,0.0001577663,0.00005075191,0.0004516804,0.0001205383,0.0001717838,0.0002168843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001320755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001962047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003286932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001093988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988726,0.0001608286,0.0003657934,0.0001805335,0.0002238151,0.0001963685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995756,0.00004026193,0.0002280717,0.00008794663,0.00002052198,0.00004762998],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003639973,0.0002890542,0.7395828,0.000004032021,0.00004422535,0.00002414233,0.0007680992,0.1528634,0.07486834,0.0000815612,0.0003748522,0.03073544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01122232,0.001650743,0.6072946,0.00005145566,0.00007679349,0.0003482267,0.0001020217,0.3124945,0.01485348,0.004076701,0.04722202,0.000607168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848536,0.00003724366,0.009495355,0.0006431451,0.0001432341,0.0002411631,5.761365e-7,0.000004234432,0.004581485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981787,0.000005577113,0.0004712946,0.0004308915,0.0000229426,0.00001146657,0.000002147345,0.000008104827,0.0008689053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1596311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4312683365","doi":"10.4236/ojmh.2022.124008","title":"Analysis of the Water Management System in a Mountain Territory, the Case of the Nekor Watershed, Rif, Morocco","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Water management and technologies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Water resources; Integrated water resources management; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Watershed management; Sustainable management; Business; Water scarcity; Work (physics); Climate change; Equity (law); Decentralization; Water cycle; Natural resource economics; Geography; Watershed; Political science; Sustainability; Economics; Computer science; Engineering; Geology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Othman Machrafi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayoub Sguigaa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ayoub Attou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Sabir","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mustapha Naïmi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mohamed Chikhaoui","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01630763157201693,"gpt":0.2122491702870307,"spread":0.1959415387150138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001136303,0.0001018002,0.0003265794,0.00006758104,0.0002635108,0.00003484252,0.002211216,0.00004084997,0.0001059709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000499672,0.00002118119,0.0002292598,0.0004255091,0.0001336433,0.00008333103,0.002088983,0.0002290654,5.374249e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005595409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003867728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001109174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002095512,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985148,0.000450472,0.0004720574,0.0001446983,0.0002112891,0.0002067307],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999346,0.00004946409,0.0003620238,0.0001983003,0.00002958322,0.00001467309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002155604,0.001836381,0.3942423,0.0002337794,0.01037467,0.004047944,0.01207883,0.2633212,0.1378643,0.009510867,0.00311503,0.1612191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007216721,0.004561098,0.566997,0.0002753357,0.0103973,0.005383436,0.1029902,0.1138396,0.05084457,0.05191749,0.08391157,0.001665671],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908903,0.00005858385,0.000004477257,0.008038665,0.0001286062,0.0003418274,0.00001378993,0.000004233919,0.000519564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994535,0.000006431578,0.000009657814,0.0001410191,0.00001739861,0.00002322128,0.000002340214,0.000001029005,0.0003453469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1727547,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4109026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W640220736","doi":"","title":"Sediment impacts of removal of a low-head dam on a sand bedload river, Ottawa River, Ohio","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Modern Hydrology","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bed load; Hydrology (agriculture); River valley; River bed; Head (geology); Sediment; Geology; Dam removal; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology; Sediment transport; Geography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"James E. Evans","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01200695223134604,"gpt":0.2550067350760257,"spread":0.2429997828446797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001279111,0.0002213145,0.0007090631,0.0001131686,0.00008494605,0.000008539013,0.0009748368,0.0002064743,0.001180065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007180428,0.0001792318,0.000150184,0.000137185,0.000689834,0.0003635963,0.0001735909,0.0003480918,0.00003926538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000572469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006737522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002012642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001117525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978119,0.000227575,0.0008365733,0.0002925556,0.0004585279,0.0003729305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984172,0.0001594909,0.0008547076,0.0003195226,0.00004337247,0.0002057311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01414859,0.007025969,0.287342,0.0003814838,0.001414508,0.001361896,0.01678471,0.1992488,0.3703197,0.001508462,0.004926191,0.09553772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04649049,0.046421,0.2768272,0.001455186,0.00151962,0.005597502,0.0001055757,0.04479764,0.391982,0.1104865,0.0717906,0.002526696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852031,0.0002715354,0.001410797,0.0005959276,0.0001864014,0.0002013141,0.000009761769,0.000004626177,0.01211647],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997566,0.0001207623,0.001518397,0.0006078049,0.00004678952,0.0000025139,0.000003722453,0.00001602428,0.0001179297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1544512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}