{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"23fac1693ada","filters":{"venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases"}},"results":[{"id":"W2032884516","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2015.51003","title":"Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Disease Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—The Effect of Acute Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Spirometry; Pulmonary rehabilitation; Internal medicine; Pulmonary function testing; Systemic inflammation; C-reactive protein; Proinflammatory cytokine; Pulmonary disease; Gastroenterology; Inflammation; Asthma","authors":[{"name":"Amani I. El Gammal","is_ca":true},{"name":"R O'Farrell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Liam O’Mahony","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fergus Shanahan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kieran J. Killian","is_ca":true},{"name":"Terence M. O’Connor","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01252927627122546,"gpt":0.2952469913154301,"spread":0.2827177150442047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005669,0.000285213,0.0004704929,0.0001460088,0.0001318476,0.0002053544,0.0001489555,0.0004130807,0.001238657],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007726854,0.0000848455,0.0004204285,0.000143926,0.0001865848,0.0001502747,0.0002017107,0.0005054491,0.0001297457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000951417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001954174,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002775241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004145295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997528,0.0001162424,0.00001850496,0.00002935696,0.00004220943,0.00004096877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993423,0.0002380824,0.0001466192,0.00002961626,0.00004432998,0.0001990473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04326091,0.01240689,0.7191156,0.001292674,0.001547118,0.0004521888,0.0002179177,0.001046457,0.03200981,0.0001095656,0.0009899604,0.187551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002580633,0.01211579,0.985207,0.00005775857,0.0002284137,0.0002262882,0.0000399956,0.0002752532,0.0009707146,0.00004388224,0.0005710247,0.000005845923],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991459,0.007497486,0.0001142723,0.000199378,0.00003473255,0.0000309861,0.00004920079,0.00000779228,0.0006071941],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979495,0.001194491,0.0002307881,0.00008279928,0.00008276289,0.00002597132,0.00009618332,0.000001298873,0.0003362407],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001238657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004143655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006863914","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2013.34021","title":"Multivariate Asthma Phenotypes in Adults: The Quebec City Case-Control Asthma Cohort","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","field":"Medicine","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Atopy; Asthma; Medicine; Cohort; Spirometry; Cohort study; Allergy; Internal medicine; Immunology","authors":[{"name":"Émilie Lavoie-Charland","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Christophe Bérubé","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michel Laviolette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Louis‐Philippe Boulet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yohan Bossé","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01279215182608183,"gpt":0.279165243893154,"spread":0.2663730920670722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001115786,0.0005245681,0.0004770756,0.001052259,0.001795706,0.0009869759,0.001130619,0.0006800153,0.003437024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002423159,0.000297208,0.00045285,0.002257434,0.0004375087,0.0003187942,0.000582224,0.0007010163,0.0004578786],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006503441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0045503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9337441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9281886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991102,0.0001665502,0.00004607621,0.0003063899,0.0002061901,0.0001646315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985672,0.0001356376,0.0002205958,0.0002542318,0.0005697751,0.0002526277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003895283,0.00009306993,0.9843073,0.00003039097,0.0001934713,0.0003157205,0.0003370382,0.0002345037,0.0008066828,0.0001601077,0.008126178,0.005005992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005547677,0.00004028853,0.9967905,0.0000181847,0.00005165183,0.0001457338,0.000210353,0.0004870709,0.00005122148,0.00003024997,0.002108638,0.00001066869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.96851,0.0009120078,0.0009834797,0.0005765441,0.00004693392,0.0003049957,0.02625896,0.00004559519,0.002361538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870675,0.0003594687,0.0006746182,0.0002302192,0.00002514292,0.0001562796,0.01022623,0.00001535416,0.001245183],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06625587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1332921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3015922112","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2020.102004","title":"Respiratory Symptoms Associated with Workplaces Located along a Road with High-Traffic at Cotonou, Benin","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Respondent; Environmental health; Medicine; Nose; Road traffic; Respiratory system; Roundabout; Demography; Geography; Surgery; Internal medicine; Transport engineering; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Parfait Houngbégnon","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hervé Lawin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marius Kêdoté","is_ca":false},{"name":"Affoussatou Amadou","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eloïc Atindégla","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin Fayomi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simplice Dossou-Gbété","is_ca":false},{"name":"Victoire Aguèh","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03603090507295256,"gpt":0.2828072933508161,"spread":0.2467763882778635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002254933,0.0003498109,0.0002121279,0.0004889957,0.0009662781,0.0004591899,0.0003224128,0.0004577309,0.003177251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004375592,0.0002056167,0.0001905846,0.0004471389,0.0003016714,0.0002293075,0.0004418925,0.0003110123,0.0002275112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003937707,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004621324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01685752,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03371494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997535,0.00005791362,0.00001822251,0.00004912033,0.00004243942,0.00007876499],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995454,0.00007395749,0.0001750716,0.00001282999,0.00006211385,0.0001306485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005415277,0.00008292279,0.9965504,0.00004585738,0.00001168497,0.0006560856,0.0005428334,0.0000197553,0.0007961183,0.00001253169,0.00009772267,0.001129798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002459724,0.0001194996,0.9964893,0.00002698537,0.000007829364,0.0005968913,0.002477083,0.00005268364,0.00008062599,0.00001129329,0.000132279,0.000003019091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999459,0.0001697572,0.00002242032,0.00004675394,0.000005778576,0.000006379219,0.00007812618,0.0000011599,0.0002106102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995858,0.00009369181,0.00003319495,0.00001719394,0.00000656073,0.000004960926,0.00007807189,4.364971e-7,0.0001800281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01685752,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03351885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2961929912","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2019.93007","title":"Relation of Indices of Lung Hyperinflation to Dyspnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Physiologic Assessment and Discussion","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Medicine; Spirometry; Cardiology; COPD; Lung volumes; Hyperinflation; Obstructive lung disease; Internal medicine; Plethysmograph; Body mass index; Gold standard (test); Lung; Asthma","authors":[{"name":"Matthew Miller","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Slootsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ravi Patel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa Mert","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ahmet Baydur","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0126124188139105,"gpt":0.308793718022633,"spread":0.2961812992087225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001592864,0.0002128626,0.0003550852,0.001230774,0.0002609782,0.0006175428,0.0003133242,0.0004229006,0.0007526019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002343275,0.00008611316,0.0002226436,0.001063721,0.0004256876,0.0004349076,0.0003984077,0.0003961078,0.0001016653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000260827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002897448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009584812,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001018819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994689,0.0001712916,0.0001012472,0.00008729084,0.0001185206,0.00005269864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983437,0.0007576337,0.0004690497,0.00007892984,0.0001766328,0.0001740562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004873289,0.00001326184,0.9970812,0.00001526465,0.00001193717,0.0000633927,0.00002984515,0.00003552484,0.0001810923,0.00001312844,0.00003542976,0.002471121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000255436,0.0000968716,0.9988511,0.000008488378,0.0000106244,0.0004836156,0.0001292995,0.0001750896,0.00008322757,0.00002804149,0.0001286154,0.000002503647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956908,0.002863222,0.0003446434,0.0002690344,0.00001293795,0.00001667359,0.0001617962,0.000005822699,0.0006350094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991121,0.0003894165,0.0002107051,0.00002956559,0.00005038642,0.000009440236,0.0001610628,7.213675e-7,0.00003665627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001592864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008423924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076546884","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2013.31002","title":"Cigarette Smoke Induces Apoptosis by Activation of Caspase-3 in Isolated Fetal Rat Lung Type II Alveolar Ep-ithelial Cells &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;in Vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Institute for Biodiagnostics; University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Apoptosis; Caspase; Programmed cell death; Fetus; Lung; Biology; Caspase 3; Cell biology; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Andrology; Medicine; Biochemistry; Pregnancy","authors":[{"name":"Asra Ahmed","is_ca":true},{"name":"James A. Thliveris","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anthony Shaw","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael Sowa","is_ca":true},{"name":"James S.C. Gilchrist","is_ca":true},{"name":"J. Elliott Scott","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01830328435263884,"gpt":0.2677470700708421,"spread":0.2494437857182032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000204303,0.0004508467,0.0003114865,0.0003280622,0.0001304883,0.0001959746,0.0001999511,0.0003139374,0.001608039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001134366,0.0001718618,0.0005662924,0.0002400235,0.0002162292,0.0002371606,0.0001618631,0.0009615486,0.0004099508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002022291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000241004,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001153147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001382914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997823,0.00003146439,0.00003441008,0.0000337473,0.00006754246,0.00005051962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999086,0.00002324221,0.00001666565,0.00001364995,0.00001850977,0.00001941204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002863166,0.00008317789,0.000439289,0.00005584342,0.00001152129,0.0001486795,0.00003015073,0.00002468538,0.9975706,0.00006078296,0.00003593346,0.001252971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003347251,0.0009278049,0.009065768,0.00001207174,0.00002876085,0.0004598836,0.00006349768,0.0004955149,0.9877813,0.00005634603,0.001070735,0.000004923823],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9853083,0.007343732,0.004219988,0.0002194239,0.0001103451,0.00005548393,0.0005638576,0.00006716207,0.002111655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859868,0.004123824,0.003454837,0.0001902341,0.00003324348,0.00009312708,0.001719836,0.00001487459,0.004383287],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001608039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005379438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2346996355","doi":"10.4236/ojrd.2016.62004","title":"Lung Hyperinflation Is Associated with Pulmonary Exacerbations in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases","topic":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Hyperinflation; Exacerbation; Cystic fibrosis; Dynamic hyperinflation; Lung; Lung volumes; COPD; Internal medicine; Respiratory disease; Quality of life (healthcare); Respiratory system; Pulmonary fibrosis; Cardiology","authors":[{"name":"Kosal Seng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lynn Fukushima","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pooja Patel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arteen Pirverdian","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Milic‐Emili","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ahmet Baydur","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01523260299352898,"gpt":0.2967261644191371,"spread":0.2814935614256081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005926145,0.0001907182,0.0003263359,0.0005028347,0.0003120393,0.0003705178,0.0002333347,0.0005321644,0.001552718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003624202,0.0001577066,0.0002284333,0.000649096,0.0003525609,0.0003387788,0.0004093128,0.0006416875,0.0001735417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001880764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002734525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00134489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001580361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994817,0.0001244613,0.00008681112,0.0001034808,0.0001343208,0.0000691984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956291,0.0008415955,0.002761336,0.0001286536,0.0002477079,0.0003917235],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000329494,0.000008668208,0.9990651,0.000006467538,0.00001016372,0.00007133977,0.00002235485,0.0000145266,0.0001652293,0.000003801246,0.00002176562,0.0005775974],"study_design_scores_gemma":[8.235454e-7,0.00003382768,0.9991996,0.000003477521,0.000008972311,0.0005975934,0.0000285031,0.00005588273,0.00003441516,0.000008138581,0.00002791035,9.419708e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988468,0.0007056848,0.00007165936,0.00007234644,0.000003550088,0.000004317942,0.00008135742,0.000003209253,0.0002111525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997423,0.00008537876,0.00004674846,0.00001226398,0.0000076285,0.000002023736,0.00006651702,6.476932e-7,0.00003651031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001552718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005194426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}