{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"ec0064510f0e","filters":{"venue":"Open Research Africa"}},"results":[{"id":"W4200008211","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13320.1","title":"A mapping of health education institutions and programs in the WHO African Region","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Africa","topic":"Global Health and Surgery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"African Academy of Sciences; New Partnership for Africa's Development; Department for International Development; Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa; International Development Research Centre; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Political science; Geography; Economic growth; Regional science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Aaron N. Yarmoshuk","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pierre Abomo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Niamh Fitzgerald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Donald C. Cole","is_ca":true},{"name":"Arnaud Fontanet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Henry A. Adeola","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christina Zarowsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"Justin Pulford","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4056454567382438,"gpt":0.4857297587005123,"spread":0.08008430196226851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003058285,0.00004602971,0.0001983832,0.0001550016,0.0002023322,0.00005852802,0.0001437952,0.00003179507,0.000008324163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006220764,0.00003267415,0.00002015193,0.001553214,0.000137004,0.00007587481,0.0001275676,0.0002712491,0.000003955499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001174132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005355085,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002293938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003249063,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982158,0.0006159293,0.0002411815,0.0001813861,0.0003581591,0.0003875268],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990811,0.0001458923,0.00004378334,0.0002858879,0.0002720369,0.0001712741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002140249,0.002104578,0.04962387,0.001150675,0.00001806093,0.0001344568,0.02055206,3.749609e-7,0.00006776299,0.04890775,0.08279482,0.7944316],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005414861,0.0003506138,0.119966,0.001119445,0.000002236477,0.0001334046,0.04660839,0.00002567412,0.00000843289,0.001915267,0.8292733,0.00005576204],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3423976,0.0092969,0.00007714589,0.1799362,0.00009697496,0.003889993,0.000004908301,0.0000132653,0.464287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969673,0.0006403239,0.0004749507,0.0004599769,0.00002534779,0.0001807417,0.00002113554,0.000003603736,0.001226653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7943758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9499691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4310877239","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13311.3","title":"Delays in initiating rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among dog bite victims in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Africa","topic":"Rabies epidemiology and control","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Wellcome Trust; Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; Carnegie Corporation of New York","keywords":"Rabies; Medicine; Environmental health; Demography; Virology","authors":[{"name":"Stevens Kisaka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fredrick Makumbi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel Majalija","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gloria Bahizi","is_ca":false},{"name":"SM Thumbi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05183020955149832,"gpt":0.3329466867703731,"spread":0.2811164772188748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004855367,0.0001994275,0.0005250559,0.0005193091,0.0009425569,0.00008425803,0.0009411186,0.0002521042,0.0008376775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002012314,0.0001779328,0.00005180882,0.001005577,0.0005809372,0.0002264616,0.001828323,0.002300428,0.00006355336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001690691,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002112957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00297874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001176832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936755,0.004013398,0.0005487312,0.000628158,0.0001250382,0.001009193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997375,0.001982533,0.0001165674,0.0003466637,0.0001218499,0.00005737153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001801898,0.0005321566,0.9365207,0.00005934089,0.0001493638,0.0003380091,0.008195618,0.0001321784,0.03255751,0.002582507,0.004158416,0.01297232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007707005,0.004042816,0.9075432,0.00009578075,0.00001658981,0.0001105482,0.01757687,0.0001726601,0.0007341408,0.003232838,0.05813599,0.0006315461],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779906,0.004766879,0.000004686143,0.001583227,0.0001122532,0.001352465,0.0001103067,0.00001933405,0.01406024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963757,0.0001687832,0.00004718626,0.0001166282,0.00001595254,0.001047136,0.00008681958,0.00002045479,0.002121383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05397757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220870339","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13237.3","title":"An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Africa","topic":"Child Abuse and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"African Academy of Sciences; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Wellcome Trust; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; Carnegie Corporation of New York","keywords":"Domestic violence; Sexual violence; Demography; Psychology; Environmental health; Poison control; Medicine; Injury prevention; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary O. Obiyan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maha El Tantawi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arthur Kemoli","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ola B. Al‐Batayneh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Balgis Gaffar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert J. Schroth","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09742998250822048,"gpt":0.393390453506638,"spread":0.2959604709984175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005141118,0.000137723,0.0002782124,0.000151479,0.00102758,0.0005402258,0.0008188547,0.0000809934,0.001033762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002253346,0.00009967704,0.00002038329,0.0003841254,0.0001625853,0.0001979942,0.0008280477,0.0009755249,0.0001328099],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001522875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007477035,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009855265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004112235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959036,0.002026235,0.0002533367,0.0005456872,0.0006724759,0.0005986359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976035,0.001626592,0.00008597833,0.0004776422,0.00007964646,0.0001266412],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002133601,0.001098847,0.9648508,0.000006344671,0.000119256,0.00009251531,0.02882633,0.000002211239,0.000001295007,0.002961517,0.001457388,0.0003701425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001317397,0.001824453,0.9850889,0.00004817209,0.00001254132,0.000002094557,0.007365366,0.000004651458,0.000003049457,0.001505156,0.002704445,0.0001237886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9785941,0.0001466803,1.993687e-7,0.001390944,0.00006393292,0.001770561,0.0001201816,0.00001631762,0.01789714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983901,0.00004763136,0.000005307984,0.00009475758,0.00007686525,0.0005640138,0.000009907516,0.00001490347,0.0007965625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02146096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386688410","doi":"10.12688/openresafrica.14185.1","title":"Funding and COVID-19 research in Africa: two years on, are the research needs of Africa being met?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Africa","topic":"Global Health and Surgery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"African Academy of Sciences; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Government of the United Kingdom; International Development Research Centre; European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership; Wellcome Trust; Wellcome","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Geography; Economic growth; Political science; Socioeconomics; Virology; Medicine; Sociology; Economics; Outbreak","authors":[{"name":"Emilia Antonio","is_ca":false},{"name":"Moses Alobo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marta Tufet","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kevin Marsh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Proochista Ariana","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alice Norton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5483552357436284,"gpt":0.5487026536186471,"spread":0.0003474178750186852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.07780018,0.0002092276,0.0006888609,0.004549093,0.00131064,0.0003477393,0.001438904,0.0002043548,0.0002043366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01709751,0.0001567107,0.00009247564,0.01791026,0.001352292,0.0002021934,0.002743287,0.003342633,0.0005598202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00090749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002524944,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00337912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002310268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9853294,0.005148239,0.0006841128,0.0007395014,0.004452205,0.003646516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.980897,0.01496232,0.00008186303,0.001280991,0.001127869,0.001649934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004586875,0.0008418422,0.04305746,0.001428526,0.0001323188,0.003492047,0.03755827,0.00004528955,0.001600814,0.06455842,0.8262325,0.01646566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003902911,0.00227958,0.03386068,0.001553884,0.00001402162,0.00004069044,0.1336267,0.0005533186,0.0002088957,0.03406539,0.7895548,0.0003391581],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4616726,0.002865,0.000004586872,0.06437263,0.0001639418,0.005631951,0.00008554143,0.00009538583,0.4651084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9844964,0.0009879629,0.00009375803,0.0001372176,0.0001602928,0.0005408889,0.00001301275,0.00005458985,0.01351588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5228238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4226224755","doi":"10.12688/aasopenres.13311.2","title":"Delays in initiating rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among dog bite victims in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Research Africa","topic":"Rabies epidemiology and control","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"African Academy of Sciences; New Partnership for Africa's Development; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Government of the United Kingdom; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete; Wellcome Trust; African Population and Health Research Center; Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa; Carnegie Corporation of New York","keywords":"Rabies; Medicine; Environmental health; Demography; Virology","authors":[{"name":"Stevens Kisaka","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fredrick Makumbi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Samuel Majalija","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gloria Bahizi","is_ca":false},{"name":"SM Thumbi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05529876733939672,"gpt":0.3433140387002692,"spread":0.2880152713608725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003055332,0.0002080911,0.0005809834,0.00033305,0.0004223494,0.0001293462,0.0006068149,0.0004703514,0.0004459186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004322233,0.0001791375,0.00005545979,0.0009564092,0.0006244666,0.0002723886,0.0009768588,0.001661533,0.0001204615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009415958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00030371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001592847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002740515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946963,0.002986236,0.0005592161,0.0006695169,0.00009315537,0.0009955916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969691,0.002198647,0.00009457659,0.0003826632,0.0002874911,0.00006754026],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007998152,0.000427044,0.896277,0.00008926769,0.0001652051,0.0006810142,0.004734923,0.0000223126,0.07713196,0.002504906,0.002229953,0.01493663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005690312,0.001261024,0.9543117,0.0002555114,0.00001567097,0.0001052034,0.008083201,0.00006859149,0.004615433,0.002641797,0.0224665,0.0004850432],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9688419,0.008207051,0.00001010927,0.001861364,0.00009809856,0.0008395505,0.00005724255,0.0000167013,0.02006803],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961464,0.0005228679,0.000116397,0.000111005,0.00002165699,0.0003086063,0.00008575611,0.00001886477,0.002668482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07251652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7305017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}