{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":28,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":28,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"baa19caf83c7","filters":{"venue":"Optics Continuum"}},"results":[{"id":"W4392286507","doi":"10.1364/optcon.518074","title":"Highly sensitive ZnO/Ag/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> hybrid structure-based surface plasmon biosensor for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Biosensor; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Materials science; Surface plasmon resonance; Surface plasmon; Plasmon; Nanotechnology; Bacteria; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle; Tuberculosis; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005269794076100415,"gpt":0.2222364275905125,"spread":0.2169666335144121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002970944,0.0004251274,0.0004142222,0.0001043005,0.0001835828,0.0001366578,0.0001770282,0.0003091797,5.049601e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001661287,0.0003353009,0.0003901803,0.0002712745,0.0002395543,0.00001687635,0.00008779164,0.0002162872,0.000002567699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005661594,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009315512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000903165,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001539313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980199,0.0001153484,0.0005108361,0.0006991934,0.0002242198,0.0004304873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983875,0.0001941904,0.0002573968,0.000574483,0.0004963854,0.00009006837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002782634,0.00003778036,0.00002118739,0.00009762229,0.0003375568,0.000007482108,0.00002030073,0.00007614605,0.9903049,0.00001597854,0.0002903718,0.008512353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003592784,0.0004185826,0.0003187118,0.00009401581,0.0004054117,0.0000283462,0.00003960437,0.00456961,0.9911875,0.00005578987,0.002101436,0.0004217091],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756235,0.0002714394,0.02159505,0.0003320304,0.0005981504,0.0005692598,0.0008672521,0.0001197033,0.00002365553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947395,0.0004036826,0.003638931,0.000138259,0.0003574812,0.00001839602,0.0005854898,0.00007945834,0.00003874423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0191161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220836196","doi":"10.1364/optcon.452661","title":"Extended Kalman filter and extended sliding innovation filter in terahertz spectral acquisition","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Extended Kalman filter; Computer science; Kalman filter; Electronic engineering; Noise (video); Data acquisition; Engineering; Optics; Physics; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01053714350119374,"gpt":0.2220780219559663,"spread":0.2115408784547725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001481022,0.000129683,0.0001350943,0.0002600403,0.0001269811,0.00003537992,0.0001273621,0.00007578576,0.0002129967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001019974,0.0001546697,0.00002146678,0.000453182,0.00002724311,0.0001293014,0.00008137293,0.0003322836,0.000008839608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007045637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006178554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002830458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001452923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991954,0.00001977466,0.0002573444,0.0002027753,0.0000899196,0.0002347829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996753,0.00002809352,0.00003905821,0.000214031,0.00002246707,0.00002100885],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007024765,0.0003718546,0.006863249,0.00008497915,0.0001126226,0.00009781113,0.002075598,0.0005819775,0.6750687,0.1479629,0.009514158,0.1571959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005772436,0.0005473464,0.4173872,0.0001308919,0.0001048987,0.0003374131,0.001860717,0.1550846,0.1810067,0.07584612,0.159505,0.002416722],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915392,0.000127825,0.003090938,0.0005094007,0.0001921878,0.0002331674,0.00002027502,0.0003227409,0.003964313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958636,0.00001386244,0.003082213,0.0001408132,0.00005392432,0.0001801342,0.00006202595,0.00002659293,0.0005767893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.494062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6307248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386927335","doi":"10.1364/optcon.500014","title":"Terahertz wireless communication systems: challenges and solutions for realizations of effective bidirectional links","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Terahertz radiation; Transceiver; Broadband; Wireless; Computer science; Modulation (music); Communications system; Transmitter; Electronic engineering; Retroreflector; Optical communication; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications; Physics; Optoelectronics; Engineering; Optics; Laser; Channel (broadcasting); Acoustics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02090543949911737,"gpt":0.241762751711762,"spread":0.2208573122126446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001644245,0.00007464772,0.0001262647,0.0001150538,0.0001411842,0.00001099811,0.00009103698,0.0001833619,8.358813e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003571519,0.00008289781,0.00002629348,0.0001699485,0.00007903541,0.00005093719,0.00003605592,0.0001221785,0.000004466895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001653568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005933372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005124801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006309433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995468,0.00001930774,0.0001583131,0.00009859038,0.00003998782,0.0001370562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993341,0.0002856989,0.00003785291,0.0002219791,0.00009787807,0.0000224946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009941851,0.00009151101,0.0003161349,0.000409443,0.0003410982,4.26258e-7,0.00166393,0.002910009,0.01924441,0.7406085,0.005342979,0.2290616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001424187,0.0001435264,0.02758733,0.0004305774,0.0002106083,0.00001819449,0.001863829,0.7623536,0.007221423,0.0173194,0.1808173,0.0006100732],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8020366,0.02621669,0.1394851,0.004666081,0.001150417,0.004527654,0.0006590296,0.0051268,0.01613169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936905,0.004030906,0.001090767,0.00000350564,0.00003152249,0.0007951643,0.00008384902,0.00002131344,0.0002524639],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7594436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3380474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220762381","doi":"10.1364/optcon.452020","title":"Highly sensitive double D-shaped channel photonic crystal fiber based plasmonic refractive index sensor","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Independent University, Bangladesh; Shahjalal University of Science and Technology","keywords":"Materials science; Refractive index; Surface plasmon resonance; Photonic-crystal fiber; Plasmon; Optics; Wavelength; Analyte; Surface plasmon polariton; Optoelectronics; Surface plasmon; Metamaterial; Optical fiber; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009998040228646305,"gpt":0.2143865816029813,"spread":0.204388541374335,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002118238,0.0004570716,0.0004928223,0.0002403438,0.0002851815,0.00006161675,0.0002558728,0.0001567839,0.0003940898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004064764,0.0005538491,0.0001744387,0.0004763348,0.00009061537,0.0002075834,0.0001670485,0.0009496099,0.0001752968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005445463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008260724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001877727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002415121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976267,0.00007121603,0.0004386967,0.0005406486,0.0005127902,0.0008099144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99862,0.0003235742,0.0001431764,0.0005679282,0.0001559239,0.0001893399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001039879,0.0002384568,0.00005626421,0.00009139864,0.0005316567,0.0007954098,0.001918873,0.864887,0.1275868,0.0002785074,0.002089044,0.000486725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005638405,0.000273872,0.0003328697,0.00004337315,0.0001274091,0.0001322383,0.001968873,0.8575518,0.1080281,0.0001332654,0.02442823,0.001341558],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9622835,0.0001116529,0.006949177,0.0002391188,0.001421468,0.001020682,0.0002779135,0.001037479,0.02665905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873351,0.00001052346,0.005409115,0.0001668182,0.0001283787,0.0001575031,0.00009276603,0.0001993637,0.006500446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02505162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122816866","doi":"10.1364/optcon.448535","title":"Measurements and analysis of response function of cold atoms in optical molasses","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute","funders":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada","keywords":"Langevin equation; Physics; Diffusion; Relaxation (psychology); Position (finance); Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01658102806466415,"gpt":0.2401317450423239,"spread":0.2235507169776597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000446128,0.00009622263,0.000325577,0.000202118,0.00005014603,0.00001579422,0.00009353137,0.00001662223,0.0001409321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001205126,0.0001027795,0.0001088128,0.0006304274,0.00004891053,0.000049358,0.000128296,0.0001023777,4.469177e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001994917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004710941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000609472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002194647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990402,0.00008875062,0.0003084147,0.0001751614,0.0002514728,0.0001359646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999396,0.0001562155,0.0001353767,0.0001837999,0.00009220804,0.00003643312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005525266,0.000603846,0.76483,0.00001642465,0.001142607,0.000001906161,0.0002796977,0.001357603,0.1986019,0.029403,0.00005229254,0.003158216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003381468,0.0009633066,0.8062545,0.00004722235,0.002284086,3.258936e-7,0.001862666,0.02666157,0.1537213,0.002266597,0.001963834,0.0005931465],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976377,0.00004422141,0.0003026473,0.00003652517,0.00006045888,0.0001209247,0.00005477088,0.000004547206,0.001738133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994207,8.506459e-7,0.0001880602,0.000009556842,0.00001462119,0.00002097152,0.00001795591,0.000008283641,0.0003190047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04488058,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4191225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4313475349","doi":"10.1364/optcon.473102","title":"PyMieSim: an open-source library for fast and flexible far-field Mie scattering simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mie scattering; Detector; Scattering; Optics; Ranging; Python (programming language); Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy); Optical coherence tomography; Physics; Computer science; Near and far field; Light scattering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02156204943355307,"gpt":0.2630127084963161,"spread":0.241450659062763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000686756,0.0001216616,0.0001518726,0.0001315637,0.0001261222,0.0003760762,0.0002037521,0.00009168309,0.00006144565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006152855,0.0001349956,0.00002277566,0.0003584505,0.00002457277,0.0005483935,0.0001485634,0.000100312,0.00004910644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006426581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008961752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002039336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007674931,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999314,0.000008225365,0.00018111,0.0001712508,0.0000669421,0.000258484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994377,0.0001815461,0.00001792524,0.0002093423,0.00002303727,0.0001303931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001837611,0.0003724588,0.02090199,0.00145447,0.0004792633,0.0000232966,0.002694526,0.3777043,0.1939217,0.05281357,0.1765822,0.1728686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006592764,0.0001201139,0.00178411,0.00004080898,0.00002688102,0.000001711343,0.0001908729,0.85364,0.01114004,0.001110436,0.1309161,0.0003695953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6142378,0.0002511948,0.3363263,0.003280557,0.001331055,0.001384748,0.0003110362,0.004355722,0.03852157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9665459,0.00007607035,0.01635,0.0006081669,0.0002328298,0.00002769135,0.0002337222,0.0001327772,0.01579282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4759357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.550496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4317941516","doi":"10.1364/optcon.480593","title":"Dysprosium gain-switched fiber laser at 3.24 µm pumped at 1064 nm","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Dysprosium; Fiber laser; Materials science; Laser; Optics; Fiber; Optoelectronics; Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01170813073562664,"gpt":0.2027258737161703,"spread":0.1910177429805436,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001976545,0.0003443639,0.0003665145,0.0001120965,0.0001440987,0.0000780199,0.0002715071,0.0002248218,0.0006113838],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004209495,0.0003498216,0.0001562004,0.0004121674,0.00007069625,0.0001051928,0.0003546986,0.0002737748,0.004155664],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002244626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001941881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003151936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000122728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981678,0.00001521733,0.0003838759,0.0003534578,0.0002997281,0.0007799705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989592,0.0001170428,0.00005428956,0.0005679718,0.00007297726,0.0002284878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001474113,0.000120479,0.001282051,0.000523334,0.0004449802,0.000500282,0.00254874,0.01240973,0.7056114,0.0003643724,0.2741097,0.00193755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002394721,0.0001222278,0.002180611,0.0001016863,0.0001541693,0.000057318,0.0001967426,0.1149566,0.2153621,0.0004811201,0.6624477,0.001544969],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9471813,0.0001362486,0.0000863856,0.0002679248,0.00145322,0.0003390576,0.00009948858,0.001197549,0.04923885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.781632,0.0002105302,0.0008826041,0.0001242362,0.0003250887,0.00008408782,0.0002145583,0.0001920775,0.2163348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4902493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998954,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385191059","doi":"10.1364/optcon.494610","title":"A method to determine the M<sup>2</sup> beam quality from the electric field in a single plane","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Electric field; Optics; Transverse plane; Laser beam quality; Beam (structure); Laser; Physics; Holography; Field (mathematics); Quality (philosophy); Photonics; Measure (data warehouse); Plane (geometry); Intensity (physics); Computational physics; Laser beams; Computer science; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02975831198901471,"gpt":0.3057585790681149,"spread":0.2760002670791002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000397992,0.0001591779,0.0002401332,0.00005003578,0.0001115401,0.00008040584,0.0004327368,0.00006756556,0.00002968205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000366178,0.0001003353,0.00007102007,0.0006743667,0.00003291034,0.00004411302,0.0002516495,0.0003644238,0.00008254538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002229634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001652432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004134902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009451807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987826,0.00009385998,0.0002816379,0.0002810263,0.0001517525,0.0004091667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962888,0.003026808,0.00007128977,0.0005318476,0.00004024353,0.00004096589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002081678,0.0003633311,0.02606734,0.00001018757,0.0002384856,0.00004495379,0.003156298,0.006358243,0.1152206,0.03817071,0.01198033,0.7981814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002824543,0.0009222904,0.03742248,0.0002318765,0.000197903,0.000005294802,0.008172002,0.06880829,0.4892109,0.3158503,0.07447955,0.001874509],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9390429,0.00002484099,0.05062794,0.007385838,0.00005246147,0.0003488929,0.0000258554,0.0001858784,0.00230537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9644955,0.000001822226,0.03433784,0.0004610261,0.0001874226,0.00003481369,0.00001647077,0.00002008756,0.0004450624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7963068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4091553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400194405","doi":"10.1364/optcon.524839","title":"Arbitrary waveform generation system using a quantum dash optical frequency comb source","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Waveform; Comb filter; Physics; Acoustics; Arbitrary waveform generator; Sine wave; Filter (signal processing); Optics; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Bandwidth (computing); Telecommunications; Engineering; Radar","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01932737614594163,"gpt":0.2537814770372516,"spread":0.2344541008913099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001156269,0.0002328522,0.000255799,0.00009747258,0.0001392094,0.0002318186,0.0002087895,0.000110466,0.00003591564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008643238,0.0002161253,0.0001181965,0.0002176564,0.00009826651,0.0003102777,0.00009031971,0.0003779483,0.00008011368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009262649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000721723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003085059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000402569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998721,0.00001768051,0.0003413129,0.0003704036,0.0001741503,0.0003754339],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993663,0.00005373051,0.0000699267,0.0003748696,0.00006566512,0.00006947196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003831685,0.00005306719,0.0007737435,0.00009795831,0.0001258825,0.00003980423,0.000158088,0.0002928336,0.05482921,0.9298187,0.000327176,0.0134797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006339309,0.0001374706,0.00008254962,0.0005703324,0.0002518273,0.00004374316,0.002247173,0.8102953,0.1466541,0.03177823,0.006272146,0.001033229],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5694028,0.0003386699,0.4084666,0.0001599216,0.0007569544,0.0002637969,0.00004094221,0.0006835121,0.01988681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9648086,0.000002348725,0.0336779,0.00001507639,0.0006272123,0.000025521,0.00005901101,0.00005294102,0.0007313237],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8980405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8813335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390885465","doi":"10.1364/optcon.513562","title":"SuPyMode: an open-source library for design and optimization of fiber optic components,","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Optical fiber; Open source; Computer science; Telecommunications; Software; Operating system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0238217177346694,"gpt":0.2341414579773775,"spread":0.2103197402427081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001159572,0.0001371665,0.0002071076,0.00006352702,0.00003180654,0.0003296512,0.0002039124,0.00008410451,0.000102203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001417653,0.0001309219,0.00002886544,0.0001089179,0.00004152803,0.000684007,0.00007058874,0.00007796139,0.000005388344],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008067304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001391918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002467116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.167476e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993246,0.00001872955,0.0002177816,0.0001946298,0.00006964031,0.0001746585],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994859,0.0002126251,0.00001899515,0.0001619875,0.00002805423,0.00009240513],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000100365,0.0001102055,0.0000470415,0.001107962,0.0002578718,0.00001647339,0.0005627405,0.9289073,0.0378155,0.01306105,0.01043292,0.007580626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002899903,0.0001076672,0.00002217387,0.0001143111,0.00005473782,0.000004659121,0.00003057978,0.9828228,0.007401623,0.0002843769,0.008693434,0.0001736752],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4464349,0.003859769,0.5415784,0.0001957377,0.0008250737,0.001437675,0.000121761,0.0008537807,0.004692995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2642943,0.0002301952,0.7325298,0.00004932366,0.0001346723,0.00005342871,0.0001764454,0.0001665731,0.002365269],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1909514,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.533884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390082878","doi":"10.1364/optcon.509943","title":"Enhanced sensitivity distributed sensing of magnetic fields in optical fiber using random Bragg grating","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Reflectometry; Optics; Faraday effect; Image resolution; Fiber Bragg grating; Sensitivity (control systems); Optical fiber; Materials science; Physics; Grating; Noise (video); Fiber optic sensor; Polarization (electrochemistry); Magnetic field; Time domain; Electronic engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01110536468327886,"gpt":0.2335660247206853,"spread":0.2224606600374064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003349756,0.0002356738,0.0004800602,0.0001638233,0.00004198783,0.00002972017,0.00007154952,0.0001848674,0.00001922143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004603496,0.0002695305,0.00009063762,0.0006715344,0.00008459229,0.0001100033,0.00006796367,0.0003308101,0.0000212115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006518789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001814743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001502277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008701399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984486,0.0000574089,0.0005168879,0.0002521026,0.0002069886,0.0005180028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987557,0.0007040815,0.00006665787,0.0002969363,0.00009417722,0.00008242796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004342073,0.00001775921,0.00009415156,0.0001023525,0.00003144195,0.0001885213,0.0005957425,0.6200023,0.3706256,0.00005573571,0.00003898381,0.008204084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001279495,0.00002616971,0.001028215,0.000165401,0.00003004206,0.00002237822,0.000256074,0.8636415,0.1330664,0.0001566701,0.00002994561,0.0002977108],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8389743,0.00003064877,0.1590135,0.00002898423,0.000273864,0.0002079399,0.00002628764,0.0002435601,0.001200907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693022,0.00001727691,0.03035781,0.000008160718,0.00007204754,0.000002209862,0.00002843672,0.00005565554,0.0001561518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2436393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402170562","doi":"10.1364/optcon.533926","title":"Compact intracavity mid-infrared upconversion detector – a systematic study","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Infrared; Detector; Optoelectronics; Materials science; Optics; Remote sensing; Physics; Doping; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0103648385124164,"gpt":0.2671732446350604,"spread":0.256808406122644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002143053,0.000198452,0.0003283138,0.00006446747,0.000122557,0.0002396175,0.0002701226,0.00009839679,0.0007911692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007945819,0.0001777252,0.0001166536,0.0002159322,0.0000388181,0.0001034945,0.00005046463,0.0002866159,0.0004177744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001148479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005138735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000244327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003257264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987754,0.00003271719,0.0003504617,0.0003504622,0.0002307452,0.0002602442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989281,0.0002589133,0.00007339069,0.0005663956,0.00005788165,0.0001152952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001150979,0.001528384,0.004732428,0.02727002,0.001070198,0.000291186,0.005975757,0.00002254625,0.9442813,0.001764616,0.01262377,0.0003246985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002575016,0.0003567922,0.001848678,0.00659423,0.001939584,0.0000920379,0.01111848,0.04071142,0.9235842,0.00151178,0.008134497,0.001533301],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9710832,0.0004894139,0.0006265951,0.0001275739,0.0003178023,0.0005644921,0.00003486206,0.0005291307,0.02622689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914482,0.000007903597,0.0001369456,0.00002024914,0.0001633341,0.00008475709,0.00001742313,0.00003263129,0.008088616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04068887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8662748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4379143473","doi":"10.1364/optcon.481902","title":"Degree of polarization of luminescence from InP under SiN stripes: fits to FEM simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Luminescence; Finite element method; Photoluminescence; Polarization (electrochemistry); Materials science; Degree of polarization; Optics; Degree (music); Molecular physics; Optoelectronics; Condensed matter physics; Physics; Acoustics; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03552075747361198,"gpt":0.2822945220398488,"spread":0.2467737645662368,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004021593,0.0001017134,0.0001982979,0.00008535505,0.00003832591,0.00002133988,0.0001418164,0.00004070011,0.000155129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002503457,0.00009849858,0.00005445884,0.0004019596,0.00002948862,0.00008176588,0.00005528469,0.00005739394,0.00001335606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005439274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003409634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003991366,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000522952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992676,0.00001638983,0.0002776281,0.0001586063,0.0001392264,0.0001406004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992697,0.0001515416,0.000155429,0.0002191361,0.0001532925,0.00005092553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002326203,0.00007316296,0.2495587,0.0000287903,0.0001325884,5.932803e-7,0.001035848,0.005037216,0.7131713,0.02680802,0.000905826,0.003224688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001450581,0.0001484805,0.6000684,0.0002496735,0.0001746825,1.87536e-7,0.003172456,0.0264672,0.3379436,0.02854905,0.001151462,0.0006241732],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949991,0.00002036604,0.003579563,0.00009101843,0.0001957743,0.0001304654,0.0004109092,0.00001987923,0.0005528906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981459,9.280066e-7,0.001149157,0.00002336998,0.0001189153,0.000001954025,0.0002474971,0.0000126283,0.0002996182],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3752277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4016656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402206858","doi":"10.1364/optcon.522127","title":"Pre-compensating digital-to-analog converter impairments with an LSTM neural network","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artificial neural network; Computer science; Digital-to-analog converter; Analog-to-digital converter; Neuroscience; Artificial intelligence; Electrical engineering; Psychology; Engineering; Voltage","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008425425490097371,"gpt":0.2271205969408318,"spread":0.2186951714507345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009779246,0.0002793265,0.0002537924,0.00007001598,0.00005356204,0.0004577631,0.0002144155,0.00006509198,0.00004193799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001081721,0.0002535118,0.00005281116,0.0002749715,0.00003404755,0.0005493037,0.00004958347,0.0002529271,0.0001350723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000544704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001703423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002229021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001278866,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986326,0.00001565246,0.0002667514,0.0003369342,0.0001939649,0.0005541459],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992481,0.00009596615,0.00002225428,0.0003743495,0.0000457844,0.0002135825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002830224,0.0001428901,0.01676292,0.000584287,0.001263641,0.001390162,0.006694589,0.827581,0.006824302,0.003581994,0.03075516,0.104136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005114494,0.0005877482,0.003135993,0.0002649658,0.00009150912,0.0001176934,0.0001175331,0.979467,0.0004351177,0.0009875195,0.01338821,0.0008952982],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4232548,0.0003602685,0.5547612,0.00008623568,0.002057251,0.0008215446,0.00004892075,0.001972406,0.01663734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825714,0.000003175151,0.01531086,0.0001339203,0.000348563,0.0000313881,0.00003486781,0.0001268013,0.00143899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5593166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401467305","doi":"10.1364/optcon.517917","title":"Techno-economic evaluation of mode division multiplexing in subsea transmission systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Offshore Engineering and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Research & Development Corporation","funders":"","keywords":"Subsea; Mode (computer interface); Division (mathematics); Transmission (telecommunications); Telecommunications; Multiplexing; Time-division multiplexing; Transmission system; Computer science; Engineering; Marine engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01422629372705012,"gpt":0.2524876928897652,"spread":0.2382613991627151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004095314,0.0001197727,0.000172895,0.0002776403,0.00001085632,0.00003906748,0.0001137423,0.0001386298,0.000004808903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000265232,0.0001184631,0.00004195288,0.0001505905,0.00001738113,0.00009952245,0.00001606702,0.0001766632,0.000009081787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001322835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001748647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002736528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001418203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992657,0.00001019302,0.0002670224,0.0001429251,0.0001517765,0.000162427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997106,0.00005354136,0.00001414688,0.0001759521,0.00002540931,0.00002032369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001169775,0.000006202843,0.0001428179,0.0002296812,0.00001785335,0.000002595476,0.0001153304,0.9146962,0.03643182,0.001402126,0.00004974147,0.04690449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001813811,0.00001371291,0.0002517937,0.000452478,0.00001490456,0.000001528036,0.00006599947,0.9687891,0.02925628,0.0003177224,0.0005335031,0.0001215844],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9131374,0.005695825,0.07711966,0.00002605896,0.0008517223,0.0002762958,0.00001391168,0.001047744,0.001831377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979597,0.0001529793,0.001755184,1.721134e-7,0.00002667949,0.00003087255,0.000009238946,0.00003239441,0.0000327491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08482233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4830784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406602640","doi":"10.1364/optcon.546958","title":"Polarization eigenstates of a laser resonator in the Stokes formalism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Laser Design and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Resonator; Laser; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Physics; Formalism (music); Polarization (electrochemistry); Stokes parameters; Optics; Quantum mechanics; Scattering; Chemistry; Art","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005893210139554977,"gpt":0.2116436210107211,"spread":0.2057504108711661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001041194,0.00004825037,0.00006458067,0.00005296444,0.00002056369,0.00001746647,0.0001084175,0.00003183915,0.000004643427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000143353,0.00003818781,0.00001842365,0.0002249229,0.00001666839,0.00004912332,0.000009799669,0.00006200629,0.000003796393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008645205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009626566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001107116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005150046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996734,0.00001130881,0.000133242,0.00004576419,0.00005098467,0.00008532799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997576,0.00005817525,0.00001418045,0.0001337841,0.00002751642,0.000008694063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004619925,0.0004206249,0.02824037,0.0006580523,0.0002282277,0.00001434185,0.01039096,0.01167579,0.2609371,0.5765326,0.09653433,0.0143214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002442745,0.00006419604,0.06163405,0.0002758768,0.00013809,0.000004109199,0.002416556,0.1614744,0.5282829,0.02025457,0.2223666,0.0006458797],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9469191,0.0003636057,0.01802509,0.0007671894,0.0001456807,0.0003889994,0.00004253765,0.00009232642,0.03325548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976833,0.00003225897,0.001039314,0.00008676753,0.00001118724,0.00002492601,0.0000154756,0.000005709242,0.001101037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.556278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1557254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386254986","doi":"10.1364/optcon.497309","title":"One-shot color mapping of a ray direction field for obtaining three-dimensional profiles integrating deep neural networks","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Research & Development Corporation","funders":"","keywords":"Microscale chemistry; Optics; Surface (topology); Physics; Viewing angle; Photometric stereo; Coaxial; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural network; Computer vision; Geometry; Computer science; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08226794276320308,"gpt":0.2932138405456965,"spread":0.2109458977824934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006070957,0.0001359663,0.0002440794,0.0001324978,0.0001224789,0.0001130523,0.0003774206,0.0001026792,0.000006287986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004576379,0.000128295,0.0000993806,0.0003994154,0.0000390511,0.0002630847,0.0001823163,0.0001833143,0.000002175954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002241405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002068822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001063783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006016213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987714,0.00003389431,0.0003629165,0.0002870025,0.0002127266,0.0003320216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998769,0.0004913443,0.0001550876,0.0002228832,0.0003093055,0.00005242111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003056681,0.0004021668,0.01090773,0.0003490645,0.0003085573,0.00001582867,0.002244487,0.004560314,0.3129436,0.1473393,0.005262473,0.5153608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001835701,0.0004617551,0.0008356891,0.0001621073,0.000009803308,8.285273e-7,0.00005500927,0.9736222,0.02291257,0.001554051,0.00005064119,0.0001517529],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09103397,0.00004640756,0.9044684,0.0006761606,0.0005982594,0.0005030289,0.000001382311,0.0004415466,0.002230817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8763215,0.000003372911,0.1232591,0.0001073697,0.0001139844,0.00009548281,0.000006740436,0.00001072631,0.00008174742],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9690619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5231719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410152017","doi":"10.1364/optcon.564008","title":"Three-mode photonic lanterns: comprehensive analysis from theory to experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","keywords":"Lantern; Mode (computer interface); Photonics; Computer science; Physics; Optics; Chemistry; Human–computer interaction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0111529072465437,"gpt":0.2697620756536574,"spread":0.2586091684071137,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005381247,0.0001952671,0.0003814397,0.0001698713,0.000035427,0.00007485153,0.0002958268,0.00009016233,0.000174498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000184433,0.0001890217,0.0001499273,0.0004368637,0.00003213601,0.00005941879,0.00010453,0.0001398916,0.0001458383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005534532,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001318412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007962706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005488959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990535,0.00001705162,0.0002449529,0.000258701,0.0001297308,0.0002960753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992291,0.0001756275,0.00002118585,0.0004132257,0.00005636691,0.0001044731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008709433,0.0008884812,0.02559424,0.0004637415,0.0445859,0.0003253304,0.008521514,0.05454956,0.6524191,0.1381883,0.01906599,0.05452681],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001846583,0.00008219846,0.02592437,0.0003039552,0.002216916,8.929962e-7,0.0009917403,0.6539142,0.206158,0.01070624,0.0965995,0.001255375],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7525553,0.00191647,0.1803068,0.0000619929,0.0006863186,0.0002915791,0.0001362538,0.0003168422,0.0637285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892403,0.00007878916,0.008784026,0.0005242914,0.00004594761,0.00004955918,0.00005835578,0.00002465394,0.001194069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5993646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7708082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4414014967","doi":"10.1364/optcon.573424","title":"Combined rule-based and generative artificial intelligence in the design of smartphone optics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Architecture and Computational Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"European Research Executive Agency","keywords":"Generative grammar; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Human–computer interaction","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01665081693167722,"gpt":0.2304909621942875,"spread":0.2138401452626102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002207227,0.00009627304,0.0001371356,0.00008925966,0.00003268009,0.00002671898,0.0001201638,0.00004251163,0.000002592413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004255667,0.00007833191,0.00002153327,0.0002245078,0.00006363751,0.00001976321,0.00001502335,0.0001184414,0.000001863606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009848608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003253296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001526578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008805549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994481,0.00006332702,0.0001962047,0.0000906576,0.00008951302,0.000112148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993271,0.0004791655,0.00002296257,0.0001089284,0.00004687947,0.0000150197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008626123,0.00007756645,0.0001305353,0.00006259756,0.0000506542,0.00001160341,0.001056707,0.8878193,0.01349578,0.07182316,0.000343421,0.02504239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001481984,0.00007330825,0.000879663,0.00003896703,0.00001920118,6.914481e-7,0.000112794,0.9100115,0.04058669,0.04799735,0.00003025007,0.0001013559],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05036629,0.0001272803,0.9476035,0.0003889333,0.0001124379,0.0002070488,0.000003099778,0.00002363403,0.001167791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9389145,0.00001410562,0.06085046,0.0001288081,0.00002319507,0.00001797323,0.000004820365,0.000007488136,0.00003863093],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8885483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3194283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390056651","doi":"10.1364/optcon.505492","title":"Demonstration of a terahertz integrated planar network synthesis filter","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chebyshev filter; Planar; Terahertz radiation; Microwave; Bandwidth (computing); Integrated circuit; Bessel function; Materials science; Bessel filter; Optoelectronics; Electronic engineering; Optics; Computer science; Electrical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Telecommunications; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00921347138112553,"gpt":0.1999112827261776,"spread":0.190697811345052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007807417,0.00008646617,0.0001271423,0.00006721817,0.00002888822,0.00001137106,0.000120556,0.0001199566,0.0000302603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002347972,0.00008571962,0.00003467541,0.0003651648,0.00004239954,0.00004028326,0.0000110416,0.0001136343,0.0000914011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009018222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006192612,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002665713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003703815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995058,0.000008729795,0.0001799481,0.00009037909,0.0000476834,0.0001675168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996254,0.0001026388,0.00002737085,0.0001942903,0.0000281317,0.00002209846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003140053,0.00009610529,0.01419126,0.0001462591,0.0004705103,0.00003203339,0.0005082091,0.00567016,0.2245376,0.04171665,0.2821679,0.430432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000758916,0.0001039806,0.03212054,0.0004134155,0.0002153962,0.00002550616,0.0004867697,0.2953974,0.3053483,0.01073155,0.3533112,0.001087021],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353509,0.0001429903,0.03352611,0.0007459976,0.0004225597,0.0003427108,0.00007935886,0.002442594,0.0269468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941356,0.00004302069,0.005052106,0.00001399676,0.00004909739,0.00007221571,0.00003310399,0.00001962019,0.0005813081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.429345,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3495545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W7116798507","doi":"10.1364/optcon.584271","title":"High-powered 1639-1853nm tunable fiber laser with cascaded thulium- and bismuth-doped fiber","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Fiber laser; Fiber Bragg grating; Polarization-maintaining optical fiber; Fiber; Dispersion-shifted fiber; Cascade; Power (physics); Graded-index fiber; Diffraction grating","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003802252503615649,"gpt":0.181265458860609,"spread":0.1774632063569933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001191181,0.0003368053,0.0004117929,0.0001182491,0.000103293,0.0001531337,0.0001862993,0.0001838129,0.0003057915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002081649,0.000296025,0.00005852275,0.0003271579,0.0001095024,0.0001656919,0.0001145502,0.000326891,0.00009747713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005741176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004435261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002292936,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009366897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986432,0.00001595356,0.0003145155,0.0003364338,0.0001741976,0.0005156822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999198,0.00009028522,0.00004454301,0.0004286854,0.00009604673,0.0001424984],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004355661,0.002218378,0.006091598,0.007465977,0.01170254,0.0032308,0.01008414,0.0610611,0.1935207,0.03040022,0.590832,0.07903688],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01101291,0.0006420398,0.005539115,0.000859568,0.0009164904,0.0001496359,0.0006510922,0.03236832,0.1394867,0.002739557,0.8024503,0.003184293],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9026622,0.0007487916,0.0004552579,0.0003331071,0.000545699,0.0005007391,0.00007612033,0.0004717517,0.09420638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9021162,0.0001645895,0.006622365,0.0001561083,0.00009706499,0.00004842858,0.00003975121,0.00008417308,0.09067135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2116183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408330819","doi":"10.1364/optcon.562080","title":"Optical Science and Photonics in Africa: introduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Society of Intestinal Research","funders":"","keywords":"Photonics; Engineering physics; Engineering; Political science; Optics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00924786399490713,"gpt":0.2658812553430414,"spread":0.2566333913481342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009134973,0.00009469857,0.0001136857,0.0001638575,0.00007952058,0.00008178057,0.000231452,0.000121849,0.000005574952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001314323,0.00008830252,0.00002205107,0.0003650572,0.000729635,0.000006303773,0.0003164352,0.0001389273,0.000005976423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000029185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002873036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003248046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003977869,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988312,0.00001498439,0.000222134,0.0002864206,0.0002737264,0.0003714996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993158,0.0000169917,0.00002846207,0.0002685048,0.0002604607,0.0001097638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001021804,0.0001508875,0.001482796,0.00008831797,0.00002600959,0.000004350915,0.0001522989,0.000006774289,0.9406881,0.005182687,0.0151712,0.03694436],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001438046,0.0004568751,0.008268174,0.00004234928,0.00002120972,0.00001241792,0.0005448157,0.004042933,0.6227596,0.001264059,0.360802,0.0003474469],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9485954,0.0006761344,0.002185094,0.003594458,0.0006428279,0.0003279583,0.000005871341,0.00001322507,0.04395905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9865385,0.000681455,0.008492753,0.0002088732,0.0001648608,0.00001443278,0.00001430875,0.00000727462,0.003877583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3456308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3600872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410968925","doi":"10.1364/optcon.558823","title":"Real-time detection of chemicals using tapered optical fiber","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Optical fiber; Fiber; Materials science; Computer science; Composite material; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005848484032298366,"gpt":0.2161464347327495,"spread":0.2102979507004512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007553528,0.0001032492,0.0002024433,0.00007128536,0.00002618823,0.000020501,0.00005749132,0.0001465383,0.0000630982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005650676,0.0001047845,0.00007980582,0.0002167913,0.00004649285,0.0000413692,0.00002223216,0.0001172291,0.0000295717],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004225624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007696321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007046576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002125996,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993783,0.000008462205,0.0002437446,0.0001187651,0.00008203055,0.0001686615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996639,0.00005474457,0.00002312043,0.0001493509,0.00006554746,0.00004336016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008082802,0.00001268982,0.000006374723,0.00004240338,0.00003690885,9.566288e-7,0.000005815453,0.0004095013,0.9947904,0.0001515398,0.00007859261,0.004456713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001690579,0.00001426769,0.000203244,0.0000476169,0.00005484777,0.000001866735,0.000006359831,0.2093011,0.789279,0.0001765031,0.0006505818,0.00009556233],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9580112,0.00003747928,0.005431573,0.00002612899,0.0001891825,0.00008392552,0.00000397674,0.0001451468,0.0360714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926842,0.00002900809,0.004730812,0.00000640186,0.00006450536,0.000002037464,0.000001856066,0.00001664491,0.002464494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2088916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4272988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416633613","doi":"10.1364/optcon.582886","title":"Electromagnetic point of view on the absorption of light by subwavelength thin films","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Thin film; Absorption (acoustics); Point (geometry); Electromagnetic radiation; Electromagnetic field; Attenuation coefficient","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003983358994388322,"gpt":0.1878010636684239,"spread":0.1838177046740356,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001105186,0.00007892515,0.0001328577,0.00005558035,0.00001595331,0.000008804132,0.0001754102,0.0000667565,0.00004846392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007768134,0.0000601488,0.00004231187,0.0001566476,0.00002790568,0.00001849481,0.00001725743,0.0001210735,0.000007909436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001228111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008297431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001809341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002563841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995487,0.00001346562,0.0001931502,0.00006557879,0.00007373565,0.0001053829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996015,0.00008114872,0.00004570755,0.0002272226,0.00003551317,0.000008838448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002261287,0.00007138171,0.00003818693,0.0001547545,0.00009743491,6.372439e-7,0.0002352279,0.0007037203,0.7918346,0.1526364,0.04443543,0.00976956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002417721,0.000141419,0.001100029,0.0001363979,0.00002874527,4.813454e-7,0.0001179967,0.0210556,0.9679929,0.00284209,0.006226717,0.000115868],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9548296,0.001822865,0.001415793,0.001484688,0.0002408203,0.0002485276,0.00001428723,0.0003167272,0.03962664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982715,0.0004051848,0.000416362,0.00005839386,0.000005087906,0.000009386355,0.00000248217,0.000008910851,0.0008226691],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1761583,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2452797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417449831","doi":"10.1364/optcon.583203","title":"M-TRACE: a MATLAB toolkit for animated raytracing based on scalable vector graphics illustration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Scalable Vector Graphics; Software; Animation; Visualization; Personalization; Scalability; Key (lock); Graphics; Simple (philosophy); Computer graphics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01726056988588608,"gpt":0.287807485014531,"spread":0.2705469151286449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004909209,0.0001923769,0.0002178058,0.0003859657,0.0002387443,0.0005902108,0.0005490137,0.0001377552,0.00000397243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001018609,0.0001985802,0.0001178672,0.001005558,0.00003776375,0.0002687514,0.00008573022,0.0001393291,0.000002595141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003531491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001175499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006805106,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001729707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986445,0.00004778402,0.000358682,0.0004389181,0.0002141714,0.0002959887],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986021,0.0002585994,0.0001324013,0.0005377991,0.0004087502,0.00006037196],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001965876,0.0001232498,0.0001957247,0.00006747273,0.00001646115,0.000001972162,0.00005178342,0.00008574408,0.001361146,0.9905432,0.004864465,0.002669106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006070336,0.000237292,0.0009407168,0.0001565446,0.00001576802,8.141865e-7,0.000005204315,0.9548112,0.0205278,0.01192293,0.01053805,0.0002366332],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005485551,0.00003769345,0.9902163,0.001038224,0.0004546285,0.0005685276,0.000009512602,0.0005571228,0.001632499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.857966,0.00002294614,0.1393709,0.001402618,0.00007746953,0.0001321273,0.00003554297,0.00002413073,0.0009682192],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9786203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8097865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405457745","doi":"10.1364/optcon.541323","title":"In-band pumped, high peak-power gain-switched mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser at 1925 nm","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Thulium; Fiber laser; Materials science; Doping; Optoelectronics; Laser; Power (physics); Optics; Physics; Wavelength","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006235945517491449,"gpt":0.2427225887679844,"spread":0.236486643250493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001242263,0.0004179123,0.0004569171,0.0001729641,0.0001032547,0.0001628921,0.0003944571,0.0001720821,0.001332365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002303442,0.0003889951,0.000156409,0.0004049228,0.0001498324,0.0003406995,0.0003004916,0.0005458953,0.0009260396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001096795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006306283,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006548954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007305029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979361,0.00003183683,0.0004461842,0.000668645,0.000243928,0.0006733334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988196,0.0001848653,0.0001005281,0.0007051421,0.00008911502,0.000100764],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001195018,0.002572609,0.02924838,0.0007456969,0.003095612,0.002204731,0.009093338,0.00992312,0.3492183,0.2907026,0.2464569,0.05554375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003791466,0.0002037448,0.001642446,0.0003595802,0.0002147687,0.00001042238,0.0009823397,0.00390982,0.7358723,0.07079972,0.1801098,0.002103556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543013,0.0002044339,0.002128572,0.001498128,0.0007029514,0.0004690423,0.0001367977,0.0004134548,0.04014533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9421213,0.0000108765,0.002542089,0.00009127212,0.000229602,0.00009932084,0.00007558705,0.00009019174,0.05473981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.386654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4413305184","doi":"10.1364/optcon.572107","title":"Comparison of Lumerical FDTD and Tidy3D for three-dimensional FDTD simulations of passive silicon photonic components","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Finite-difference time-domain method; Photonics; Photonic crystal; Optics; Silicon; Physics; Materials science; Computer science; Optoelectronics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01728242418882107,"gpt":0.2838453084739938,"spread":0.2665628842851727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005635921,0.000125796,0.0004202517,0.00006634955,0.00003911092,0.00001003202,0.0000978972,0.00008812356,0.00001820484],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006032746,0.0001235097,0.00007247004,0.0001216242,0.0001089207,0.00004598151,0.00004978136,0.0001031274,0.000001539613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001825063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002234998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001022607,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000728584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991728,0.0000100607,0.0003944085,0.00013838,0.0001107548,0.0001735727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991608,0.0004402048,0.00007353719,0.0001550211,0.0001185853,0.00005182391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004469515,0.001471096,0.06064177,0.003139927,0.001800906,0.000005060518,0.0007741609,0.162284,0.6930338,0.05193447,0.003883531,0.02058438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007280458,0.00006556001,0.01152183,0.0001204942,0.00009539403,3.363617e-7,0.00002296519,0.94736,0.03769578,0.0006521357,0.001620284,0.0001171103],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898549,0.0007654755,0.006452983,0.00006489277,0.0002260279,0.0003769256,0.0001074531,0.00003790414,0.00211346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964355,0.00001230071,0.003373836,0.00001982523,0.0000112233,0.00001410846,0.00003785105,0.00001248406,0.000082914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7850761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5036581,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4417024662","doi":"10.1364/optcon.578267","title":"High-speed narrow linewidth All-PM dispersive swept source for real-time FBG sensor interrogation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Continuum","topic":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Laser linewidth; Fiber Bragg grating; Multiplexing; Laser; Wavelength; Fiber laser; Grating; Fiber optic sensor; Tunable laser","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007387439944864733,"gpt":0.2332700462865424,"spread":0.2258826063416776,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001231535,0.0003184491,0.0003992888,0.0001617707,0.00007680251,0.0000692477,0.0002242545,0.0002010707,0.00005564047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001549208,0.0003526753,0.0001468553,0.0002177806,0.00006595331,0.0001410601,0.00005459627,0.0002111885,0.0001797097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002137331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002762887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000103123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001770406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985693,0.00002160474,0.0004233422,0.0003510782,0.0001513222,0.0004833946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988492,0.00033072,0.00008617024,0.0004313623,0.0001981314,0.0001044417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002859431,0.000135627,0.0001254399,0.0004191708,0.001071259,0.00003043657,0.004590337,0.2533365,0.6761178,0.006004766,0.05234712,0.005535645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005022445,0.0002666382,0.0002754142,0.0003755736,0.0006266391,0.00001228003,0.002556602,0.7153047,0.1507333,0.001486951,0.1217964,0.001543026],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.803318,0.0003039023,0.1771847,0.001348957,0.002921794,0.001545846,0.0001188388,0.001486973,0.01177099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.571138,0.0001485856,0.3103603,0.0006027023,0.001341208,0.0001312112,0.0007008741,0.0004213745,0.1151558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5253844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998925,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}