{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"df5a96824953","filters":{"venue":"POPULATION"}},"results":[{"id":"W3144774181","doi":"10.19181/population.2021.24.1.2","title":"Epidemiological crisis of 2020: financial situation of the population and social support","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"POPULATION","topic":"Socioeconomic and Demographic Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Population; Pandemic; Cash; Business; Payment; Social support; Social policy; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Socioeconomics; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Economics; Finance; Demography; Psychology; Geography; Medicine; Sociology; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01544459887260496,"gpt":0.2554824818704954,"spread":0.2400378829978905,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002463041,0.00004641011,0.0001428033,0.00001165247,0.00009226038,0.000002725967,0.00003862796,0.00007306878,0.0005134275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001163478,0.00003612082,0.00009116073,0.0001491351,0.00006177731,0.00007565587,0.0000524386,0.00003812614,0.000003550432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003055677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004179647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006869906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000258375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999344,0.00009469501,0.0002653087,0.0001286633,0.0001060822,0.00006123629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996591,0.00003720755,0.0002046953,0.00007719129,0.000009527186,0.00001231823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003982289,0.00001299613,0.9922709,0.000003324403,0.000004429538,7.716653e-8,0.0001841677,0.00036675,0.0002031058,0.0006835964,0.0004228088,0.005843849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007478448,0.000006787476,0.9890579,0.000001161066,0.00003423989,6.822344e-7,0.0001018703,0.001095267,0.00008422042,0.009468016,0.00003891091,0.00003615515],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998428,0.00001164793,0.0004554267,0.0008183797,0.00004253996,0.00004625164,0.000005236277,0.000004266009,0.0001882408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993567,0.000008985489,0.0003592487,0.0001412819,0.00002820208,0.000001826754,0.00006124932,0.000002118917,0.00004038091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00878442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.562167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4361225504","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.1.7","title":"Emigration from Russia to the USA and Canada in the context of the expansion of Russian-speaking communities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"POPULATION","topic":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Immigration; Context (archaeology); Geopolitics; Population; Political science; Miami; Geography; Economic history; Politics; History; Demography; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04576723365159125,"gpt":0.2899694995893251,"spread":0.2442022659377339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000518567,0.00003918172,0.00006933541,0.00002791602,0.0003221516,0.00001892821,0.0001936816,0.00002572187,0.00001366908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004476724,0.00002203116,0.00001565835,0.0001982879,0.00006968395,0.0000785011,0.00003454933,0.00005133277,9.319799e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000908315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009401502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9788008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9969934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992347,0.0002527933,0.0001707807,0.00004872884,0.0002183497,0.0000746384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994786,0.0002756186,0.0001074255,0.0001147957,0.00001296313,0.00001053645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000334166,0.000002136592,0.89281,0.000001598541,0.000003587322,6.202846e-8,0.09187564,0.0001677998,0.00001537221,0.01033069,0.0005239249,0.004265857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004858711,0.000001989504,0.9486415,0.0000251391,0.000002635228,4.15595e-8,0.04851012,0.0001119109,0.00002080064,0.0005377226,0.002072604,0.00002699102],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914706,0.00001695755,0.000003417931,0.007475024,0.0001394691,0.0001450639,0.000009116067,0.000003973375,0.0007363294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996023,0.00002320873,0.00001468593,0.0002331804,0.00003102515,0.000006817106,0.00002631702,0.000002420386,0.00006003535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05583147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2477762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3014583495","doi":"10.19181/population.2020.23.1.4","title":"Financial situation and social support received by families with children in Ulyanovsk oblast","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"POPULATION","topic":"Socioeconomic and Demographic Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Consumption (sociology); Quarter (Canadian coin); Work (physics); Business; Order (exchange); Poverty rate; Demographic economics; Socioeconomics; Economic growth; Public economics; Geography; Economics; Finance; Sociology; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006056176479557295,"gpt":0.1925120573519617,"spread":0.1864558808724044,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005375604,0.00006012975,0.0000903784,0.00001904394,0.00008313375,0.00001155406,0.00003167556,0.00004448484,0.0001964583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009011893,0.00005744106,0.00001620552,0.0001318732,0.00005565292,0.0001549103,0.00001844066,0.00004648957,0.00003090954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003666825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000310192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009769956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006496771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995292,0.00001914929,0.0001158609,0.0001701105,0.00008375743,0.00008191355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998847,0.000006824816,0.00005608223,0.00002898511,0.000001787148,0.00002162805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001812823,0.00000757767,0.9923702,8.747365e-7,0.000002937096,1.408607e-7,0.001400819,0.0001877644,0.0001053748,0.00002232803,0.0009839169,0.004899922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002593972,0.00002909108,0.997866,7.151208e-7,0.00001234697,2.929468e-7,0.0001712109,0.001181888,0.00001210077,0.0003206879,0.00007145764,0.00007484009],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980748,0.000004582261,0.0004785194,0.001044628,0.000006388253,0.00008580038,0.000006523921,0.0000159217,0.0002828849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990069,0.000006762418,0.000141041,0.0006173014,0.00002904232,0.000004590755,0.0001678782,0.000004488207,0.00002195724],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005495756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2342378,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389783746","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.4.15","title":"Economic affordability of medicines and its impact on households in Russia","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"POPULATION","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Population; Business; Consumption (sociology); Payment; Government (linguistics); Quarter (Canadian coin); Receipt; Health care; Economic growth; Economics; Environmental health; Medicine; Finance; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07679951011362599,"gpt":0.3512057057307321,"spread":0.2744061956171061,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004439506,0.00008134194,0.000255817,0.0002236316,0.00002190575,0.00001032558,0.0000572874,0.00005633936,0.0001147534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005498401,0.00008292071,0.00004689445,0.0001241799,0.00001721406,0.0001183445,0.00002306162,0.00006106406,0.0001612059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001135846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007286435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006963246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001006734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999218,0.000009052739,0.0004249624,0.0001858054,0.00001136302,0.0001507727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996186,0.00006134532,0.000144595,0.0001162937,0.000002875585,0.00005632703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002778909,0.00002058103,0.8932635,0.00002685985,0.000009522589,3.232396e-7,0.000129859,0.003452671,0.00001720468,0.1018668,0.0001802461,0.001004674],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003253692,0.00003787586,0.8986656,0.000007318076,0.000001300565,3.519194e-7,0.000004563416,0.05459148,0.00004732604,0.04590491,0.0003386079,0.00007528695],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958941,0.0001431196,0.000002227973,0.0009891514,0.000144719,0.0001233618,0.0001445366,0.00002060125,0.002538161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995261,0.0002114604,0.000007040321,0.0001161488,0.00006357873,0.000006874437,0.0000311407,0.00001087638,0.00002673334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05596187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3381408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3035774189","doi":"10.19181/population.2020.23.2.2","title":"Rural life of Russian women","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"POPULATION","topic":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Rural area; Population; Rural settlement; Geography; Socioeconomics; Rural history; Economic growth; Quarter (Canadian coin); Ideology; Political science; Sociology; Demography; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03735020793293554,"gpt":0.2904976892362922,"spread":0.2531474813033566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001452695,0.00003578153,0.00008155408,0.0000198194,0.0001077233,0.00001279736,0.00007988908,0.00003649824,0.0003743584],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001014406,0.00003775282,0.00002402927,0.0001130012,0.00004291945,0.0001403043,0.00001263057,0.00002781457,0.00004665364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001079138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005606472,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009412566,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005849903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995013,0.00004058735,0.000141988,0.00006643006,0.0001359471,0.0001137544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997416,0.00001869407,0.00008019303,0.0000334522,0.00001000131,0.0001160655],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001946424,0.00001448123,0.7663982,0.000009904305,0.00002158134,2.971454e-7,0.0688352,0.00008892114,0.00003002195,0.1487325,0.001309658,0.0145398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001527066,0.00001150286,0.9710014,0.000004265378,0.000002425873,2.905713e-8,0.005212089,0.0001196355,0.000005737424,0.003979885,0.01943223,0.00007809285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677206,0.00001285105,0.00004109826,0.01201384,0.0001053884,0.00005575085,0.000001483407,0.0000383611,0.02001062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988678,0.000009576,0.0002125236,0.0003584213,0.0001706096,0.000004980347,0.00001432801,0.000003851553,0.0003579396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2046032,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4098962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}