{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":162,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":162,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"73e5d0daa233","filters":{"venue":"PS Political Science & Politics"}},"results":[{"id":"W1980870881","doi":"10.1017/s1049096504004160","title":"Educating the “Good” Citizen: Political Choices and Pedagogical Goals","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":335,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Sociology; Public relations; Pedagogy","authors":[{"name":"Joel Westheimer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Joseph Kahne","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2224212654184356,"gpt":0.4751183346421727,"spread":0.2526970692237371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002266611,0.0002787134,0.0003499099,0.000170489,0.003850488,0.0005787674,0.001085285,0.0002001699,0.0001494052],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00580002,0.0002088132,0.0001225834,0.0006528353,0.01324479,0.0003659248,0.0002160184,0.0005581671,0.00009729939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001694276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004926425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01950439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006007692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929572,0.0002353647,0.000482214,0.0006996858,0.001411505,0.004213975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944811,0.001329723,0.00008378258,0.0004442171,0.0002936019,0.003367525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001140612,0.0001227132,0.004636951,0.000009083262,0.000004200231,0.000004206665,0.01008801,6.577635e-7,0.00004969896,0.9847947,0.00008714385,0.0002014832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004275882,0.0001987684,0.02042265,0.00006229747,0.00006901038,0.00006805009,0.1165223,0.00001210165,0.0002858971,0.7419233,0.1193626,0.000645508],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5094814,0.0001945101,0.00007751915,0.09156657,0.001114496,0.0002427012,0.00001820068,0.0001842333,0.3971204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867542,0.00001334023,0.000789534,0.007249088,0.002921113,0.00002393079,0.000001540457,0.00002100073,0.00222626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4772728,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2798022091","doi":"10.1017/s1049096518000367","title":"Explaining the Trump Vote: The Effect of Racist Resentment and Anti-Immigrant Sentiments","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":295,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Resentment; Political science; Immigration; Voting; Victory; Political economy; Presidential election; Democracy; Politics; Presidential system; Social psychology; Sociology; Law; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Marc Hooghe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ruth Dassonneville","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03520424065615878,"gpt":0.3814721839239279,"spread":0.3462679432677691,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003744215,0.0001572858,0.0002383913,0.00006749554,0.0022174,0.0002252423,0.0005429821,0.00007395586,0.0000330678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002059523,0.00008377717,0.00007441019,0.0004884676,0.009534516,0.0002112872,0.0001517704,0.0001693654,0.00003675512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002532805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002740899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03145028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001092625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995784,0.0006346946,0.0003920354,0.0003037214,0.001102159,0.001783323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974914,0.001190627,0.00009955269,0.0003562103,0.0002118122,0.0006504063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006452124,0.00002203712,0.0399151,0.00001361631,0.00000860148,0.000001011924,0.002461245,3.87318e-7,0.0008057987,0.9563662,0.0001392695,0.0002602327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002303827,0.003779672,0.6011276,0.0004289652,0.0005095135,0.00004694097,0.01382488,0.003837217,0.204936,0.116596,0.0512055,0.001403927],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9735003,0.00003770419,0.0000552717,0.01296883,0.0004306167,0.0004500764,0.00001310156,0.00002979438,0.01251431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982557,0.000002153093,0.00002317787,0.0005830112,0.0007571132,0.0000213756,9.097625e-7,0.000008357127,0.0003481673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8397703,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107341448","doi":"10.1017/s1049096506060471","title":"The Limits of Political Efficacy: Educating Citizens for a Democratic Society","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":285,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Politics; Political science; State (computer science); Government (linguistics); Citizen journalism; Public administration; Civic engagement; Affect (linguistics); Public relations; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Kahne","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joel Westheimer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04340026834063088,"gpt":0.3854473201992711,"spread":0.3420470518586403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001898356,0.0002732428,0.0004016763,0.00009374478,0.003745323,0.0003115862,0.001135516,0.0002345464,0.00001964058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01085521,0.0002227059,0.0004060272,0.0007326812,0.01492027,0.0002127838,0.0001135902,0.0003162638,0.00001879215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001130162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004950696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008915025,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003339397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9919324,0.0002200293,0.0007915799,0.0004722826,0.001429116,0.005154619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9897003,0.007157817,0.00017728,0.0004533224,0.0009118505,0.001599462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003064854,0.0001426739,0.0039072,0.00002720813,0.00001003836,5.444975e-7,0.002145066,7.734831e-7,0.0003742365,0.9914747,0.001661155,0.0002533624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005596784,0.0001483332,0.01125001,0.00006075953,0.000124215,0.000006578137,0.03236926,0.0003461371,0.007940721,0.9239899,0.02272909,0.0004753233],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8378306,0.0001361015,0.0009338279,0.04492993,0.002356442,0.001224829,0.0001532554,0.0002017587,0.1122333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905382,0.000007849769,0.002274974,0.001927416,0.00367316,0.00006305984,0.00000637784,0.00003094277,0.001478028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1527076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2116300523","doi":"10.1017/s1049096512000819","title":"Research Ethics 101: Dilemmas and Responsibilities","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"George Washington University; United States Institute of Peace","keywords":"Politics; Argument (complex analysis); Meta-ethics; Neglect; Political science; Information ethics; Research ethics; Engineering ethics; Applied ethics; Field (mathematics); Task (project management); Sociology; Law; Psychology; Management; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Lee Ann Fujii","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7529986131586558,"gpt":0.681530787637176,"spread":0.07146782552147979,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.05247838,0.0002073853,0.0003817611,0.0005647311,0.001168471,0.0002070067,0.000612977,0.000686122,0.0002214229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2066976,0.0001677823,0.00009055119,0.0009710788,0.0225946,0.0004192849,0.0008569692,0.006988593,0.0003284162],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001061891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005721851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00100584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004732975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9871027,0.0007271026,0.0006277533,0.0007082073,0.00548449,0.005349687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9197861,0.06661867,0.00005597087,0.001699332,0.003923734,0.007916199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003414177,0.000207045,0.0371131,0.0001999656,0.000006220996,0.00001223826,0.001750836,3.879484e-8,0.0008165358,0.959631,0.0001364657,0.00009244774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005018635,0.0006803374,0.1909828,0.0002561837,0.00003344574,0.0001669485,0.005461569,0.0001068103,0.009058241,0.777889,0.01457735,0.0002854191],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8439092,0.0002437841,0.00004200238,0.05584984,0.0003055205,0.000366583,0.00002337708,0.00008242959,0.09917728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823675,0.0001217833,0.002558938,0.005127726,0.001146094,0.00002159881,0.000002350144,0.00003109379,0.008622974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1817419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1976727838","doi":"10.1017/s1049096508080505","title":"On the Limits to Inequality in Representation","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":230,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Griffin; Democracy; Politics; Representation (politics); Public opinion; Political science; Public administration; Government (linguistics); Representative democracy; Public policy; Sociology; Law; History; Classics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Stuart Soroka","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Wlezien","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2118829640297605,"gpt":0.4594372019255752,"spread":0.2475542378958147,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002054402,0.0001217572,0.0001720958,0.0001620263,0.001132458,0.000105672,0.0004906433,0.00007966606,0.0001101376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01068279,0.00008998709,0.00005287487,0.001180701,0.001847048,0.0002482555,0.00005354944,0.0002141579,0.0003617101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009313627,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007812226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04952077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003095153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956575,0.0004581575,0.0003911399,0.0003594561,0.001159625,0.001974099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969906,0.00126047,0.0000426865,0.0003541048,0.0002257346,0.001126467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003231446,0.00006640009,0.03481521,0.000001965474,7.742013e-7,0.000004003895,0.002378603,0.00001067285,0.0001610245,0.9621912,0.0003262426,0.00004070339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001992095,0.0001963349,0.533576,0.00004543223,0.000006341872,0.000004224898,0.001563957,0.0002512136,0.004112668,0.4553916,0.004313513,0.0003394936],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8858163,0.000002389725,0.00009075057,0.04409461,0.0002377197,0.0003589332,0.000007304526,0.0000478456,0.06934418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992275,9.173625e-7,0.00005082942,0.006494161,0.0004033251,0.00004262971,0.000001008113,0.00000736234,0.0007247544],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5067996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3007774595","doi":"10.1017/s1049096519002233","title":"Toward Active Reflexivity: Positionality and Practice in the Production of Knowledge","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reflexivity; Context (archaeology); Sociology; Process (computing); Dynamism; Reflection (computer programming); Knowledge production; Perception; Epistemology; Social science; Knowledge management; Geography; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Jessica Soedirgo","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aarie Glas","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4559091136950114,"gpt":0.6161229090106193,"spread":0.1602137953156079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01523356,0.00008563795,0.0001612288,0.00007436148,0.0005470429,0.00009535122,0.0004063592,0.00007283432,0.00001388639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1119695,0.00006407485,0.00003599692,0.0009208692,0.009656115,0.0006506072,0.0001244211,0.0004224111,0.000007905172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002827646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001692241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00342698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001213155,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9937649,0.003591599,0.0002499286,0.0003322477,0.001132467,0.0009288542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906814,0.00774834,0.00007150496,0.000151814,0.0007349876,0.000611982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000148935,0.00009753437,0.0001574327,0.00003159833,0.000002561744,0.000001818125,0.0926801,2.011402e-7,0.0005618891,0.9054221,0.00003528512,0.0009946162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001571027,0.0002732061,0.0316286,0.00005476881,0.00002535362,0.00001132533,0.2006913,0.00007785443,0.002560176,0.7446303,0.01968202,0.0002079888],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1955066,0.0001173865,0.00058475,0.6172293,0.0001516708,0.0004772521,0.00003418021,0.0000283551,0.1858705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935879,0.00004665738,0.002946625,0.003008807,0.0003496465,0.000009502406,7.491801e-7,0.000003758744,0.00004631269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7980813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2097234680","doi":"10.1017/s1049096510990616","title":"Obama's Missed Landslide: A Racial Cost?","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Victory; Prejudice (legal term); Presidential election; Landslide; Margin (machine learning); Politics; Political science; Race (biology); Presidential system; Face (sociological concept); Point (geometry); Political economy; Law; Sociology; Gender studies; Engineering; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Michael S. Lewis‐Beck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Charles Tien","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04086033450187131,"gpt":0.4071111999712587,"spread":0.3662508654693874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001530095,0.0001804338,0.0002405914,0.0001602282,0.001537049,0.0003080628,0.001087832,0.000267535,0.0009918807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003840136,0.0001665934,0.0001246728,0.0006089616,0.007299051,0.0003887505,0.0001268082,0.0005636805,0.0005484274],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003420161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001468949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007388496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001996639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952199,0.0001247293,0.0003300285,0.0004879379,0.0009427279,0.002894672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969237,0.0003656653,0.00006459223,0.0003494213,0.0003719307,0.001924696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003915946,0.00009423405,0.005042271,0.000001983616,0.000002981129,0.000007287849,0.003175223,2.296224e-8,0.002721997,0.9860566,0.001150619,0.001742829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004464502,0.00009531236,0.02857112,0.000009788163,0.00002119394,0.00001426201,0.004368789,0.00004063753,0.001738091,0.253961,0.710287,0.0004463795],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5434241,0.000007430231,0.0001462996,0.02185065,0.003455643,0.0002449653,0.00002159334,0.0001650803,0.4306843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857925,0.000003440989,0.0005400546,0.007941185,0.003033666,0.00002141028,0.000002651444,0.00001394991,0.002651122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7320956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2098169194","doi":"10.1017/s1049096506060975","title":"Political Corruption as Duplicitous Exclusion","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Thriving; Language change; Politics; Database transaction; Political science; Terrorism; Political corruption; Law and economics; Political economy; Work (physics); Law; Economics; Sociology; Computer science; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Mark E. Warren","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02485958797732046,"gpt":0.3388964925760009,"spread":0.3140369045986804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001534526,0.0002252537,0.0002626464,0.0002865822,0.001863957,0.000412759,0.000670729,0.0001763323,0.0009836354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001100625,0.0002294498,0.0001189557,0.0004988146,0.003349612,0.0004878452,0.0002533346,0.0002338916,0.001842754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003360339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002492402,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02755065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006764527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939247,0.0001085263,0.0005399556,0.0005947557,0.001123885,0.003708219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970604,0.0002439617,0.00007073015,0.0003398941,0.0002947184,0.00199029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003104964,0.0001140128,0.005610695,0.000004168756,0.000001470077,0.000008011638,0.000332159,0.000002103767,0.0002493609,0.9925,0.0002050058,0.0009698797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005936012,0.0001190436,0.1137941,0.00004091741,0.00003024239,0.00005977915,0.006907961,0.0007239694,0.001195926,0.6438658,0.2317714,0.0008973066],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4400426,0.000008483714,0.0003671109,0.01041712,0.0009899925,0.0002012538,0.00001097345,0.0001890614,0.5477734],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9833393,0.000003927459,0.000516053,0.004296526,0.001504294,0.00001646973,0.000008920537,0.00001749719,0.01029706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5432966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2075711808","doi":"10.1017/s1049096503002221","title":"A Demonstration That School-Based Required Service Does Not Deter—But Heightens—Volunteerism","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Child, Adolescent and Family Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Service (business); Public relations; Public administration; Business; Marketing","authors":[{"name":"Edward Metz","is_ca":true},{"name":"James Youniss","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04641657082463126,"gpt":0.3289474293257476,"spread":0.2825308585011164,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002017597,0.0003095684,0.0003139916,0.0002379103,0.001524437,0.0006046687,0.0008431268,0.0002332693,0.0002876488],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002547542,0.000260613,0.0001365961,0.0008311693,0.002377778,0.0009823225,0.00007739504,0.0003499641,0.0001977619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001252981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002922909,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01447883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002273769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993759,0.0003058932,0.0004557721,0.0007100626,0.001608383,0.003160869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962764,0.0003437165,0.0001073366,0.000526403,0.0005376321,0.002208465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005732249,0.00006908274,0.02846248,0.00002633149,0.00000528915,0.00001014676,0.0008822079,0.000004095382,0.009263248,0.9611629,0.00003255991,0.00007590831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002767473,0.0004732603,0.1293865,0.0004049549,0.0002694822,0.00006685343,0.038877,0.008711108,0.4146888,0.3455851,0.05481873,0.00395068],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8945101,0.0000313602,0.002679092,0.009102991,0.001358329,0.0004611763,0.00004581466,0.0003289817,0.09148209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898319,0.000003724304,0.002733196,0.005640309,0.0006723493,0.00002838744,0.000003506708,0.00002777304,0.001058871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6155778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3048702968","doi":"10.1017/s1049096520000906","title":"Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Explaining Youths’ Relative Absence in Legislatures","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Legislature; Operationalization; Representation (politics); Parliament; Democracy; Voting; Political science; Population; Proportional representation; Demographic economics; Psychology; Social psychology; Demography; Politics; Sociology; Law; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Aksel Sundström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Stockemer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1115236385677819,"gpt":0.3688221602872344,"spread":0.2572985217194526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001005551,0.0001662666,0.0002185468,0.000134808,0.0007693932,0.0002662194,0.0004265816,0.0001215592,0.00004114347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004010514,0.0001608291,0.00004807459,0.0005338187,0.004274665,0.0006508355,0.0001786284,0.0003441993,0.00002503661],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003470607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009193968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007724797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003516787,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961562,0.0001954305,0.0003433128,0.0005458528,0.0009085142,0.001850752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977176,0.000315743,0.00007291991,0.0001594614,0.0001845081,0.001549773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001558695,0.00001536984,0.02986795,0.000007462039,0.000002410445,0.000008967957,0.0705588,0.000007497998,0.0001436722,0.8992853,0.00002822827,0.00007279219],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001167016,0.0002292974,0.1717518,0.0001396926,0.0000435275,0.00001474459,0.2874505,0.00363726,0.002960584,0.5203904,0.01108507,0.001130095],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7836825,0.0001733458,0.0005352512,0.015965,0.0003114101,0.0003106862,0.00001962282,0.0001105169,0.1988917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963413,0.00001571931,0.0005059764,0.00245325,0.0004309282,0.000007466645,0.000001495401,0.00001154564,0.0002322822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3788949,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124527393","doi":"10.1017/s104909650400455x","title":"Introduction—Authority Migration: Defining an Emerging Research Agenda","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Delegate; Unitary state; Authoritarianism; Public administration; Central government; Corporate governance; Power (physics); Politics; Government (linguistics); Political science; Power sharing; Bureaucracy; Local government; Political economy; Democracy; Business; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Elisabeth R. Gerber","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ken Kollman","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1134275222100026,"gpt":0.4485797685435707,"spread":0.3351522463335681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006757795,0.0002031628,0.0002636311,0.0002576537,0.004184135,0.0006707184,0.001027889,0.0001758401,0.000208536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007905246,0.0001982163,0.00009485802,0.001525719,0.006491762,0.00137171,0.0001928511,0.0006242947,0.0004611214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002980732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003645411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1483554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006361986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9910165,0.0004441884,0.0005200484,0.0008253264,0.00274345,0.004450474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956533,0.0002590148,0.00007649465,0.0005973144,0.0008957983,0.00251812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001745484,0.0001092205,0.001353339,0.000009264698,0.000002486594,0.000008173401,0.003248041,0.000009969321,0.0002022088,0.994278,0.0005433661,0.0002342486],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002455444,0.0001552813,0.01543971,0.00004156935,0.00001204986,0.00001904505,0.00741643,0.00009849348,0.00167819,0.5426062,0.4318739,0.0004136082],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7142076,0.00009799495,0.0009510746,0.1206137,0.002235664,0.0004010123,0.00006407378,0.0002924651,0.1611364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899434,0.00001176127,0.001407874,0.001087704,0.005396618,0.0000219565,0.000004945867,0.00001803581,0.002107697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4516717,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164894507","doi":"10.1017/s1049096508081158","title":"The Trial-Heat Forecast of the 2008 Presidential Vote: Performance and Value Considerations in an Open-Seat Election","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential election; Context (archaeology); Political science; General election; Quarter (Canadian coin); Electoral college; Bivariate analysis; Presidential system; Economics; Econometrics; Statistics; Law; Politics; Mathematics; History","authors":[{"name":"James E. Campbell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.079827236724602,"gpt":0.3826900988368666,"spread":0.3028628621122645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001734429,0.0001167654,0.0001861741,0.00006841159,0.003330688,0.0003208445,0.0005394568,0.00009399997,0.00001767334],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002256673,0.00007596127,0.00003819499,0.0004993405,0.00473574,0.0008241469,0.0001526651,0.0002039916,0.000004772213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003835057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001710398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06529991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02333175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966753,0.0005061104,0.0004800967,0.000276459,0.0007504875,0.001311599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982336,0.0005796593,0.0000698959,0.0003057013,0.0002869888,0.000524189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003702899,0.0000739912,0.04396916,0.000004920456,0.00000170491,5.597606e-7,0.0009524625,0.00001449797,0.0003464128,0.9544494,0.0001068805,0.00004301751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003823863,0.0008986722,0.7776241,0.00007220689,0.00004114462,0.00003954378,0.000958258,0.004258968,0.009905952,0.2001052,0.00186165,0.0004103864],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858159,0.00002818281,0.0000160276,0.005821011,0.0004337775,0.0008029893,0.000008316817,0.00001685909,0.007056953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986869,0.00001040704,0.00004222976,0.0003429482,0.0003553154,0.00004317868,6.864578e-7,0.000007092088,0.0005112329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7543441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788003252","doi":"10.1017/s1049096517002050","title":"The Chicken and Egg Question: Satisfaction with Democracy and Voter Turnout","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Turnout; Democracy; Voter turnout; Political science; Perception; Politics; Survey data collection; Political economy; Social psychology; Psychology; Sociology; Voting; Law","authors":[{"name":"Filip Kostelka","is_ca":true},{"name":"André Blais","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02186903945426061,"gpt":0.3573160096203222,"spread":0.3354469701660616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001264367,0.000127165,0.0001291235,0.00005221317,0.003509625,0.0005203385,0.0001613913,0.00008198069,0.00002270291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001053496,0.00008065813,0.00001779895,0.0002637428,0.008439304,0.0004454484,0.00006118837,0.0001545736,0.00003080533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002668643,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004540279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03625358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01382897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971657,0.0001951083,0.0002230503,0.0003033242,0.0006200584,0.001492789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979817,0.0004137873,0.00005091158,0.0001906436,0.0003246492,0.001038349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000483481,0.000006724208,0.1189423,0.000004089612,0.000002484235,5.919853e-7,0.0006189843,4.245774e-8,0.00007234772,0.8794817,0.00003057633,0.0008353223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001635317,0.0003444613,0.6504521,0.00003940343,0.00002737266,0.00002096541,0.0007563772,0.0002345383,0.0003774818,0.3400008,0.007364614,0.000218345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9485106,0.00003422638,0.0002256146,0.03482623,0.000256351,0.0002227693,0.000005416699,0.00006138902,0.01585738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972619,0.000007479681,0.0001930837,0.0008546714,0.001070803,0.000009564085,4.644238e-7,0.000008021285,0.0005940293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5394809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2163707000","doi":"10.1017/s1049096505056349","title":"The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage in Canada and the United States","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","field":"Psychology","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Shit; nobody; Politics; Political science; Sociology; Law; History; Art history; Computer security","authors":[{"name":"Miriam Smith","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02300826210639783,"gpt":0.3507405087895538,"spread":0.3277322466831559,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001486006,0.0001981974,0.0002936683,0.0001973019,0.0007150454,0.0001105695,0.0008345565,0.00007778539,0.00008057951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001047655,0.0001230269,0.00004898946,0.0006047142,0.005270152,0.0001066012,0.0001919138,0.0004017802,0.00002656079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00112856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002892471,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9894791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7946164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995509,0.0003403253,0.0006597944,0.0003227011,0.0006437157,0.00252446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961333,0.002090046,0.0001121085,0.0006396662,0.000178686,0.0008462164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008685697,0.00003716548,0.05022685,0.00003314703,0.000006906449,0.000004131186,0.001067507,0.000007315997,0.00000209062,0.9471972,0.001114417,0.0002945652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002459192,0.0001173989,0.5411913,0.00002564467,0.00008428823,0.00009466163,0.008858175,0.00322149,0.0001411971,0.3901674,0.05314002,0.0004992486],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9256662,0.0002504654,0.000009162919,0.04288035,0.0004548048,0.0002592598,0.0001250672,0.00001639924,0.03033835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843754,0.0001245312,0.0000435541,0.009753043,0.000454317,0.00001396848,0.000005130628,0.00001568551,0.005214419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5570298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810369529","doi":"10.1017/s1049096518000926","title":"Data Access, Transparency, and Replication: New Insights from the Political Behavior Literature","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Politics; Replication (statistics); Political science; Data sharing; Public relations; Law; Statistics; Medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Stockemer","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sebastian Koehler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tobias Lentz","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1624169664032016,"gpt":0.4777498636635403,"spread":0.3153328972603388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001066359,0.000185919,0.0002314135,0.0001007636,0.001870444,0.001169348,0.002631595,0.000131198,0.0002029179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003453588,0.0001299546,0.00006280626,0.001113637,0.006479746,0.001135114,0.0005819288,0.0002788829,0.0000417159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002229792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002072186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02372494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003278499,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958006,0.0003009583,0.00040722,0.0009430301,0.001155021,0.001393127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952132,0.001169596,0.00007348862,0.001316333,0.0004766749,0.001750707],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002014296,0.00004730816,0.008505541,0.000001643653,0.000007238344,0.000002812575,0.001478559,6.088865e-8,0.00004166053,0.986424,0.0006489634,0.002840246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001446134,0.00003753418,0.2119705,0.00002928758,0.0001302867,0.000006055762,0.001153489,0.0006123733,0.0002363622,0.7218442,0.06359286,0.0002424668],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5897177,0.001225621,0.01509721,0.2610517,0.001639605,0.00101617,0.001170737,0.0003688925,0.1287124],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852973,0.00001756982,0.004124695,0.006197371,0.003718916,0.000008200292,0.00007831482,0.000009788174,0.0005478346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3955796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2100091374","doi":"10.1017/s1049096509090775","title":"Obama and the Economy in 2008","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Victory; Presidential election; Voting; Government (linguistics); Political science; Presidential system; Political economy; Economics; Public administration; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Michael S. Lewis‐Beck","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03522019768122763,"gpt":0.3686293268177244,"spread":0.3334091291364967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002205472,0.0001138455,0.000205138,0.0001039698,0.0007431305,0.0002733433,0.0003578958,0.00008091938,0.00004519775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001690121,0.00008088236,0.00004442841,0.0004240774,0.004670494,0.0003761479,0.0000403476,0.0001870421,0.00004881066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004613515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006063112,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02505309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00170673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968086,0.0002427556,0.0003326715,0.0002719352,0.0004014995,0.001942563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982753,0.0004749988,0.00004027346,0.0001982821,0.0001195478,0.0008916281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003346419,0.00002652293,0.007429716,0.000002314635,7.00523e-7,0.000001468533,0.0009576223,7.450813e-7,0.00001263161,0.9912065,0.00007412252,0.0002843248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004834451,0.00005264836,0.08965533,0.00001544799,0.000008342511,0.000003717662,0.0006984312,0.0004588399,0.0001154603,0.8960304,0.01231551,0.0001624034],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5816028,0.00008016199,0.00004866179,0.09843958,0.0001730031,0.0003721495,0.000003850087,0.00005058043,0.3192292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931362,0.000004072984,0.00005167347,0.005745437,0.0004520607,0.00001112531,4.669128e-7,0.00000376399,0.000595155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4115334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1983028646","doi":"10.1017/s1049096510990677","title":"Undergraduate Research-Methods Training in Political Science: A Comparative Perspective","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Politics; Liberal arts education; Curriculum; State (computer science); Political science; Norm (philosophy); Higher education; Training (meteorology); Mathematics education; Sociology; Pedagogy; Psychology; Law; Computer science; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jonathan Parker","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4593989836391525,"gpt":0.6441923012390856,"spread":0.1847933175999331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.09266727,0.0003877096,0.000678102,0.001844569,0.007606567,0.001158468,0.004306158,0.0003507242,0.0001130091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1333196,0.0003572855,0.0001240314,0.0114845,0.1384081,0.001773453,0.001063062,0.003623798,0.00007629031],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008031246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02581633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0503634,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005559016,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9765648,0.004213878,0.0008322792,0.001659165,0.004959041,0.01177078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9828461,0.008902711,0.0001656529,0.0008041855,0.003752457,0.003528942],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005181993,0.0001087565,0.002242263,0.000003443584,0.000003339842,0.000008886906,0.06058897,9.655365e-7,0.006487042,0.9297333,0.00003272008,0.000785141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001596682,0.00009698015,0.01266034,0.00002104853,0.000005437474,0.000007941442,0.2438972,0.0001895941,0.003529556,0.736841,0.002232185,0.0003590373],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3515216,0.00001082118,0.001477953,0.04362739,0.002204643,0.0005792714,0.00001705135,0.0002074785,0.6003538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9253754,0.000002440897,0.07170209,0.00114095,0.001206003,0.00004494326,7.311747e-7,0.00001925736,0.0005081941],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5998456,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969248992","doi":"10.1017/s1049096519001203","title":"The Case for Non-Binary Gender Questions in Surveys","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Binary number; Population; Gender gap; Binary opposition; Political science; Psychology; Gender studies; Social psychology; Geography; Demography; Sociology; Demographic economics; Mathematics; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Mike Medeiros","is_ca":false},{"name":"Benjamin Forest","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrik Öhberg","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07788915284236125,"gpt":0.4183139611837047,"spread":0.3404248083413434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005934669,0.00013618,0.0001855113,0.0001091102,0.001546834,0.000288646,0.0004397698,0.0001176051,0.0000481408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002641926,0.0001038849,0.00008078842,0.0005530646,0.001916594,0.0003467155,0.00006878577,0.0001931492,0.0001470854],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009339318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001340514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06280646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01287179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955506,0.0004823288,0.0004076028,0.0003507912,0.0005090716,0.00269957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964959,0.00184178,0.00005229396,0.0003307179,0.0003396468,0.0009396651],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001494895,0.00004562335,0.02649305,0.00001277871,0.000001884964,0.00001179162,0.0005726583,0.000006217203,0.0001015815,0.9725271,0.00009268628,0.0001331091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007578356,0.0003290484,0.2800644,0.00006205139,0.00003414068,0.00006308202,0.006858464,0.009129313,0.0004312346,0.6791314,0.02241218,0.0007269065],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9507054,0.00002126221,0.0003656658,0.007843216,0.0008621263,0.000843979,0.00003619857,0.00004904728,0.03927308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969318,0.000001667529,0.0001065658,0.0004908693,0.0004489629,0.00007616453,0.000002380954,0.00001184552,0.001929741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2933958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128429656","doi":"10.1017/s1049096504045184","title":"How Many Voters Change Their Minds in the Month Preceding an Election?","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Simple (philosophy); Voting; Political science; General election; Political economy; Economics; Law; Epistemology; Politics; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"André Blais","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09644785516931054,"gpt":0.3827893293874498,"spread":0.2863414742181393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002029412,0.000192855,0.0002028965,0.0001677376,0.00191053,0.00126046,0.0007917618,0.0001412799,0.00001267927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001014351,0.0001376391,0.00007473427,0.001007986,0.001987349,0.001246604,0.00004886814,0.0003075981,0.00002048692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001346701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006283364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07839694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02475459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951646,0.0003110713,0.0002923578,0.0004217238,0.0009960058,0.002814278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981834,0.0002233511,0.00006089235,0.0003310781,0.0001838502,0.001017437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001756849,0.0001083798,0.005540251,0.000006186005,0.000001537194,0.000003043077,0.00797864,0.000002284966,0.0003015505,0.9857622,0.0000134247,0.0002807555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008820542,0.0008164399,0.1446075,0.0001294189,0.00004363237,0.00002892559,0.03653191,0.000812008,0.00688826,0.7896484,0.01863263,0.0009788276],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9165978,0.00002045115,0.0004079174,0.06885912,0.0003995362,0.0005652994,0.00001251874,0.00008352644,0.0130538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952971,0.000001828526,0.0001026258,0.002720361,0.001565482,0.00008953971,0.000003167796,0.00001252659,0.0002074231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1961138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997763,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2312528398","doi":"10.1017/s1049096504004147","title":"Introduction—The Politics of Civic Education","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Critical and Liberation Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Joel Westheimer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02514528592394836,"gpt":0.3808190758451035,"spread":0.3556737899211551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001106612,0.0001342458,0.0001765741,0.0001626771,0.001558833,0.0001796955,0.0006583561,0.00009424093,0.0004508209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003464045,0.0001069654,0.00008827433,0.0007579324,0.007821629,0.0004261771,0.00009414607,0.0002244432,0.0001452519],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008337328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006287945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0103361,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002948798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964629,0.0001167201,0.0004282738,0.0003391941,0.001048806,0.001604083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975791,0.0002471319,0.00006491275,0.0004023558,0.0007412712,0.0009652293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[7.136025e-7,0.0001851659,0.0002647993,0.000009095212,0.000002206372,3.348053e-7,0.00224083,0.00000666779,0.0002137921,0.9962556,0.0005501445,0.0002705897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001334398,0.00005901265,0.004505195,0.00001350826,0.00002570799,0.00001153399,0.009221309,0.00001255004,0.003767215,0.779837,0.2022384,0.0001751271],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4249403,0.00007752849,0.0008881394,0.3215437,0.00231081,0.0004008093,0.00003122196,0.0001253032,0.2496822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848095,0.000007323508,0.0007373974,0.003811177,0.004164162,0.00001328372,0.000004015773,0.000009532452,0.006443586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5598692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999741,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2129408311","doi":"10.1017/s1049096510990719","title":"(Ending) Civil War in the Classroom: A Peacebuilding Simulation","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Peacebuilding; Face (sociological concept); Field (mathematics); Spanish Civil War; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Management science; Engineering ethics; Engineering; Public administration; Social science; Law; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Rex Brynen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1149535791648007,"gpt":0.4757308142312275,"spread":0.3607772350664268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.02336846,0.0001944161,0.0002295354,0.0003080725,0.003053993,0.0003973298,0.002355785,0.0002026764,0.0001379876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04089884,0.0001450513,0.00008381678,0.002418668,0.01124036,0.0008363374,0.0002462981,0.001131223,0.00003435282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008271589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001424512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005687071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003005141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9930021,0.001103519,0.0004523216,0.0005444223,0.001977079,0.002920527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939985,0.004624005,0.0001299406,0.0004488153,0.0003257037,0.0004730641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001142642,0.00004821496,0.01606984,0.000002535666,9.543722e-7,0.000003447732,0.01573637,0.00002651231,0.0006970276,0.9663221,0.00004954678,0.001042329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002173154,0.00007420812,0.07449365,0.00002313742,0.00001435227,0.000006130988,0.05916383,0.002444476,0.0004294231,0.8013371,0.06127802,0.0005184134],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6474302,0.000008160135,0.002082918,0.009872822,0.001416449,0.0003228883,0.000005749462,0.0001312561,0.3387295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989826,0.000003268919,0.006356772,0.002365709,0.001191721,0.00001693329,8.474786e-7,0.000009806306,0.0002289861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3423958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2172196411","doi":"10.1017/s1049096512000066","title":"Forecasting the 2012 French Presidential Election","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Presidential election; Margin (machine learning); Unemployment; Politics; Political economy; Political science; Function (biology); General election; Economics; Macroeconomics; Law; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Martial Foucault","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0829308518263459,"gpt":0.3857705785435029,"spread":0.302839726717157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003037071,0.0001572856,0.0001627375,0.000102224,0.002509853,0.0003318719,0.0005136462,0.0001230478,0.0003719105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002894055,0.0001150811,0.00009073649,0.0006541656,0.002569366,0.001279942,0.00009854112,0.0002754272,0.0002086094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008238955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007279605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05716014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002453073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.993912,0.0003382077,0.0003795593,0.0002538644,0.001180021,0.003936359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997155,0.000534782,0.00008298831,0.0002771584,0.0002969874,0.001653047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[7.486443e-7,0.00005108523,0.03088429,0.000005586764,0.000003256547,3.278598e-7,0.001335733,0.00000106771,0.000169093,0.9662986,0.001035459,0.0002147119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004409717,0.0002403693,0.3774054,0.00007592121,0.0001862631,0.00005090954,0.003220833,0.002326947,0.009112635,0.3975184,0.2082819,0.001139404],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8098794,0.0001175431,0.0008493361,0.01127496,0.002257847,0.0004809432,0.00001129024,0.0001546424,0.174974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909038,0.000001096154,0.0001063959,0.0009003511,0.004632229,0.0000310669,0.000001802829,0.00001248459,0.003410793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5687802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2107902416","doi":"10.1017/s1049096513000036","title":"Vote Au Pluriel: How People Vote When Offered to Vote Under Different Rules","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Contingent vote; Spoilt vote; Voting; Ranked voting system; Political science; Group voting ticket; Presidential election; Instant-runoff voting; Split-ticket voting; Bullet voting; Advertising; Cardinal voting systems; Public administration; Law; Business; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Karine Van der Straeten","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐François Laslier","is_ca":false},{"name":"André Blais","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04574570099806885,"gpt":0.338779646461954,"spread":0.2930339454638851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001027072,0.000404472,0.0005309802,0.0002628076,0.001700409,0.001101605,0.001052648,0.0002602819,0.0001005693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002508447,0.0003376851,0.0001813396,0.0005952218,0.002249803,0.0008589622,0.0002808318,0.0003495954,0.0004864873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002349655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001453543,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.290572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06729901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9912402,0.0003870967,0.0005783411,0.000782209,0.001860446,0.005151726],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932438,0.0005964003,0.0001081758,0.0006110554,0.0006659413,0.00477469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002769712,0.0001071243,0.03006923,0.00002120215,0.000009915772,0.000001103754,0.002285928,0.000004055076,0.001185445,0.965139,0.0009635871,0.0002106116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003519739,0.0002809491,0.5338653,0.00008717645,0.0000622761,0.000003752154,0.001757136,0.0006502201,0.002669313,0.446865,0.01250037,0.0009065447],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8781471,0.00001147797,0.002279515,0.1050158,0.0008089071,0.0008265313,0.00005302499,0.0002020152,0.01265565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9873062,7.256584e-7,0.0004186421,0.00409743,0.001586502,0.0001091637,0.000008515619,0.00003518284,0.006437668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.518274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999353,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102179623","doi":"10.1017/s1049096505056544","title":"Student Use of the Internet for Research Projects: A Problem? Our Problem? What Can We Do About It?","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Northern Alberta Institute of Technology; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"The Internet; Quality (philosophy); Class (philosophy); Psychological intervention; Politics; Mathematics education; Psychology; Medical education; Public relations; Computer science; Political science; Medicine; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Robinson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Karen Schlegl","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4091370620966532,"gpt":0.5548583304698924,"spread":0.1457212683732392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0261021,0.0002563296,0.0003922063,0.0003292854,0.002634041,0.001573967,0.00363571,0.0002115746,0.00002452245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02063905,0.0001773929,0.00017149,0.002559891,0.01380565,0.001709419,0.00111212,0.0007884842,0.00001108231],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002867755,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004564249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01118083,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002998602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9887316,0.002164152,0.0007990528,0.0008188582,0.003518855,0.00396747],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993568,0.002772236,0.0002676185,0.0006295228,0.002090242,0.0006723911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000506302,0.0001662967,0.005680659,0.00003029266,0.000008297841,4.404524e-7,0.06112022,0.000006500496,0.0002332468,0.9271375,0.001315737,0.004295781],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003781399,0.0003982676,0.007116656,0.0006374792,0.0000337323,0.000003882089,0.3150678,0.000117975,0.005199063,0.5113545,0.1591143,0.0005782198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5973203,0.0002247685,0.001559176,0.3101717,0.003183351,0.006737877,0.0001256188,0.0002626406,0.08041462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9613866,0.00006598849,0.03168537,0.0019992,0.001033506,0.000182161,8.100567e-7,0.00001929094,0.003627073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.415783,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2975658760","doi":"10.1017/s1049096519001173","title":"How Many Citations to Women Is “Enough”? Estimates of Gender Representation in Political Science","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Political Science Research and Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Representation (politics); Citation; Field (mathematics); Political science; Distribution (mathematics); Work (physics); Gender bias; Public relations; Social science; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Michelle Dion","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sara McLaughlin Mitchell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08081685276867762,"gpt":0.4536194545781833,"spread":0.3728026018095057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006158378,0.0002316912,0.0003768977,0.001188107,0.0009369354,0.0007892339,0.001737871,0.0001266467,0.000416918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02162335,0.0002201553,0.00008664135,0.004817174,0.009497154,0.002002211,0.0003650177,0.0003096821,0.0002778156],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006342101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009600286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01529716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001444035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9850179,0.0001668096,0.0005404406,0.0009649931,0.003401449,0.009908384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898009,0.0009188992,0.00008495417,0.0006692678,0.001062212,0.007463722],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004431367,0.0001596981,0.05184875,0.00002304278,0.000002250684,0.000001580499,0.008087252,0.0000029762,0.003670671,0.935863,0.00004216716,0.0002941863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002639658,0.0001967732,0.4331262,0.00004697844,0.000008178017,0.000004550343,0.05157333,0.0007995439,0.01446829,0.4978409,0.001273671,0.0003976609],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8717796,0.000007408817,0.0003835377,0.03806354,0.0004033842,0.0006256104,0.00004124167,0.00005366459,0.08864197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942223,0.000003403361,0.002271024,0.002178658,0.0002474255,0.0000586774,0.000002382204,0.00001376678,0.001002329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4380221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2138994623","doi":"10.1017/s1049096509990205","title":"Political Science Journals in Comparative Perspective: Evaluating Scholarly Journals in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Political Science Research and Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Political science; Perspective (graphical); Hierarchy; Kingdom; American political science; Public administration; Social science; Public relations; Library science; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"James C. Garand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Micheal W. Giles","is_ca":false},{"name":"André Blais","is_ca":true},{"name":"Iain McLean","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2127494779241173,"gpt":0.5252687554784755,"spread":0.3125192775543582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04294029,0.0002921709,0.0004358388,0.001450831,0.004078939,0.003711804,0.002758881,0.0001129609,0.00007476908],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05479735,0.0001819803,0.00007035607,0.009393139,0.02100726,0.002214241,0.0002162769,0.001633169,0.000009016006],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01013947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02380587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9363593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2421444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9815838,0.002342901,0.0008508605,0.0007212914,0.005655639,0.008845555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9881148,0.004165569,0.0001636606,0.0004973602,0.002309572,0.004749049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001550284,0.0001228026,0.008158493,0.000002514264,0.000002280782,0.00001231534,0.01059932,0.00003034278,0.00008384798,0.9808333,0.00004618716,0.00009307408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000674505,0.000124845,0.3873563,0.00009523855,0.00001341813,0.00003538005,0.09652305,0.006260058,0.0001050538,0.5077744,0.0007754823,0.0002623371],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8123935,0.00009124052,0.00003983932,0.1647464,0.000162136,0.0005315032,0.00001878442,0.00001880989,0.02199777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846795,0.00002862111,0.0001566628,0.01464841,0.0004036726,0.0000181644,0.000002725681,0.00000648261,0.00005573055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6942149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051625237","doi":"10.1017/s1049096505056386","title":"Too Close to Call: Political Choice in Canada, 2004","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Surprise; CONTEST; Political science; Federal election; Turnout; Opposition (politics); Battle; Political economy; Primary election; National election; Politics; Democracy; Public administration; Voting; Law; History; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Harold D. Clarke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Allan Kornberg","is_ca":false},{"name":"John Macleod","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas J. Scotto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03743899530302239,"gpt":0.375781523912496,"spread":0.3383425286094736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001518874,0.0002897276,0.0004148163,0.0002708416,0.0007405349,0.0002402072,0.0009057639,0.0001590057,0.0002017267],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005403644,0.0002863368,0.00008199467,0.001170299,0.001475057,0.0006027287,0.0001535252,0.0004152466,0.0003258913],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01376336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01322722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9920629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.986744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9896343,0.0002918288,0.000796184,0.0006889619,0.001904554,0.006684125],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924816,0.0007591015,0.00005722659,0.0004644114,0.000392648,0.005845044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002653791,0.00008274063,0.07499865,0.00000869516,0.000002156422,0.000008581284,0.0003565094,0.00001929156,0.0001004374,0.9227518,0.001381874,0.0002865922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008083406,0.0002238103,0.5424438,0.000123402,0.00004234113,0.00001452906,0.002042356,0.001119172,0.003376444,0.08407371,0.3642116,0.001520565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8020079,0.00002656332,0.00007090695,0.1010216,0.0005655208,0.0005095422,0.00005571032,0.0000862353,0.09565599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9781736,4.636816e-7,0.0003214983,0.01727886,0.001841372,0.0000424012,0.000003081424,0.00002264916,0.002316056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8386781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2567085958","doi":"10.1017/s1049096516002304","title":"Disciplines that Forget: Political Science and Ethnography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Politics; Ethnography; Social science; Environmental ethics; Political economy; Sociology; Anthropology; Law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Edward Schatz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08242280763266507,"gpt":0.4176194526348762,"spread":0.3351966450022111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004776912,0.0003857722,0.000448085,0.0003933771,0.0116632,0.002660424,0.003460514,0.0002206059,0.00004133155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01907416,0.0003410766,0.0001486544,0.000676209,0.07198869,0.002682776,0.001347366,0.0005024077,0.00005763412],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001223007,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004460201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02752052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001255375,"domain_scores_codex":[0.986463,0.00009775192,0.0004507508,0.001092544,0.003519453,0.008376515],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9900076,0.0005346911,0.0001836151,0.001319122,0.001010338,0.006944587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003309045,0.00006209307,0.04956183,0.00001421421,0.000003905754,0.000008835651,0.000894791,2.654902e-8,0.00023035,0.9487239,0.00008899219,0.00040778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003675106,0.00008653352,0.4997626,0.0000618169,0.00004104968,0.00001480523,0.003433845,0.000175414,0.003776809,0.4537222,0.03789105,0.0006663523],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5095215,0.00004975076,0.0001092695,0.05257199,0.0009836592,0.0003432026,0.00009681606,0.0001654565,0.4361583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921955,0.00001956771,0.0005152315,0.004272519,0.001153974,0.00002038858,9.778074e-7,0.0000245594,0.001797255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4950017,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2006843012","doi":"10.1017/s1049096510001113","title":"Forecasting Canadian Federal Elections","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Federal election; Political science; Function (biology); Econometrics; Economics; Public administration; Law; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Éric Bélanger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐François Godbout","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06877324096208226,"gpt":0.3762029068487169,"spread":0.3074296658866346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001470394,0.0001520434,0.0001654295,0.0002559997,0.003737659,0.0005308388,0.0004789444,0.0001784792,0.0004762192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004363548,0.0001489625,0.00007978127,0.0007287399,0.002751604,0.0004801945,0.00004197316,0.0004883495,0.0002058257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00111161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005003555,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8410919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8139395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944227,0.0001023736,0.0003258773,0.0003572494,0.0007638637,0.004027991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945689,0.0002644934,0.0000433483,0.0002593721,0.0004572355,0.004406596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[3.671272e-7,0.00002107303,0.02991799,0.000002936983,0.000001691456,0.00000300539,0.0004111837,6.048971e-7,0.0005624545,0.9686862,0.000227127,0.0001654034],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003527352,0.0001886568,0.105656,0.00003883441,0.00004356389,0.0000616319,0.001918748,0.003902667,0.004153549,0.6544947,0.2280445,0.001144459],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6767716,0.000002595942,0.00005549641,0.01364496,0.001224782,0.0001968962,0.00001909081,0.00009960354,0.3079849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938149,2.29042e-7,0.0003700348,0.001758608,0.001900058,0.00001995376,0.000003157473,0.00001412386,0.002118863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3170433,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2124363653","doi":"10.1017/s1049096512000704","title":"Obama and 2012: Still a Racial Cost to Pay?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Candidacy; Presidency; Victory; Political science; Context (archaeology); Demographic economics; Prejudice (legal term); Balance (ability); Economics; Politics; Law; Psychology; History","authors":[{"name":"Charles Tien","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael S. Lewis‐Beck","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06543768531689646,"gpt":0.4119976534078476,"spread":0.3465599680909511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002002105,0.0001836877,0.0002444698,0.0001544927,0.0009670606,0.0002816313,0.0003534797,0.0001353512,0.0002114769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003132105,0.0001472263,0.00005414384,0.0005782379,0.002334081,0.0009241291,0.000146292,0.0002061275,0.0004624832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000764095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006801714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0180441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001374175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940158,0.0002080699,0.0003605551,0.0003429432,0.0009894026,0.004083259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939402,0.0003747362,0.00004678902,0.0002434831,0.0002714787,0.005123356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000263334,0.00006524923,0.04287472,0.000007454317,0.00000213217,7.930819e-7,0.003150424,2.799725e-7,0.0002143027,0.9526109,0.0003885977,0.0006825755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003416256,0.0001943996,0.3551384,0.00005053887,0.00005407173,0.00001093249,0.001772972,0.00009361692,0.001624387,0.08714435,0.552819,0.000755702],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9087241,0.000070459,0.0006157793,0.02238936,0.001300804,0.000712027,0.00005250796,0.0001433132,0.06599164],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917352,0.000001751499,0.0003098611,0.00353476,0.002481082,0.00003951593,0.000001721232,0.00001367543,0.001882445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8654665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9884948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2072071894","doi":"10.1017/s1049096506061014","title":"Is Canada a Westminster or Consensus Democracy? A Brief Analysis","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Parliament; Constitution; Federalism; Political science; Polity; Charter; Democracy; Law; Devolution (biology); Government (linguistics); Public administration; Sociology; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Donley T. Studlar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kyle Christensen","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02929314756414196,"gpt":0.3230816937185514,"spread":0.2937885461544095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005590084,0.0001787646,0.0003125214,0.0001739305,0.002665963,0.0001925966,0.000492391,0.00007302754,0.0003867788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001074519,0.0001454004,0.0001283881,0.001799195,0.006897834,0.0001342131,0.0001304883,0.0001403223,0.00003400701],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001458996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01013356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.984353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9411217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953613,0.00008103397,0.000381287,0.000447938,0.001501822,0.002226611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979004,0.0004341036,0.00006737161,0.0002236697,0.0004663042,0.0009082083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003154196,0.00004171457,0.04454468,0.000001944073,0.00003189856,0.00003233432,0.0002030474,0.000003833238,0.000008358095,0.9525453,0.002531425,0.00005231174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003549881,0.00006294233,0.3059546,0.00002296937,0.0005540493,0.00001894086,0.005117588,0.0003019613,0.000364791,0.4268616,0.2596324,0.0007531293],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4256857,0.00006869275,0.0001302386,0.054586,0.0004530728,0.0001978242,0.0002119598,0.00008400566,0.5185825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868509,0.000004044828,0.000222355,0.00867244,0.000645355,0.00000654736,0.000002935926,0.00000515803,0.003590299],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5611652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143090376","doi":"10.1017/s1049096510990732","title":"Blogging in the Political Science Classroom","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; The Internet; Focus (optics); Class (philosophy); Sociology; Political communication; Public relations; Media studies; Political science; Pedagogy; Computer science; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Lawrence","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle Dion","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1078904999909811,"gpt":0.4707405078102727,"spread":0.3628500078192915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0407822,0.0003064072,0.000356511,0.0006752349,0.00479647,0.001190186,0.006171668,0.0002501849,0.0001185177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06923679,0.0002262471,0.0001141875,0.005507567,0.07149143,0.001413073,0.0006721549,0.001902239,0.00008611097],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002012267,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007360969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02693487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003748685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9845015,0.001067077,0.0006711789,0.001025061,0.004094149,0.008640968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925789,0.003859623,0.0001407634,0.0008959899,0.0007541427,0.001770619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001325676,0.00009150392,0.02748034,0.000003039006,9.688634e-7,0.000009214325,0.007415702,4.155797e-7,0.003121078,0.961086,0.00006662682,0.0007237354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001581604,0.0000645254,0.09510852,0.0000154295,0.0000104369,0.00002041503,0.06649162,0.0001314507,0.002116204,0.8265182,0.008929493,0.0004355469],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5814171,0.00000474808,0.0004115249,0.04280642,0.002044095,0.000329612,0.000008651578,0.0001493229,0.3728285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795761,0.000001740526,0.009526758,0.00905565,0.00152929,0.00002666362,6.782172e-7,0.00001370263,0.0002694549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3981589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125252290","doi":"10.1017/s1049096512000881","title":"The Objective and Subjective Economy and the Presidential Vote","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Energy, Economy, and Technology Trends","field":"Energy","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Quarter (Canadian coin); Economics; Political science; Law; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Robert S. Erikson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher Wlezien","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008903613461964568,"gpt":0.2544789979909194,"spread":0.2455753845289548,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009894841,0.0001822086,0.0002020311,0.0000915064,0.001234916,0.0002310503,0.0004195438,0.000110675,0.00001264746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007581576,0.0001076369,0.00005401705,0.0001631505,0.010096,0.0004477522,0.0003440921,0.0002708097,0.00001750067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001951412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001590263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004619562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007294883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997434,0.0001048994,0.00024691,0.0003238259,0.0001551852,0.001735199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979795,0.0009559157,0.00006244946,0.0003832931,0.0000862347,0.000532672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008274017,0.00001810363,0.01105088,0.000002360385,0.00002017257,5.82059e-7,0.0003360649,0.000001052082,0.00000947037,0.9875051,0.00002174065,0.001026158],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008060876,0.00005898125,0.1504326,0.000006508294,0.00006805744,0.000098195,0.001671337,0.0005186646,0.003844421,0.8199986,0.02223328,0.0002632601],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6593443,0.0008426476,0.0000816442,0.007228557,0.0004659051,0.0001525808,0.000009455731,0.00009988921,0.331775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974474,0.00003525128,0.00007949211,0.0009624208,0.0004889602,0.00003816474,6.519469e-7,0.00001270862,0.0009349615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3381031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9925979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2784003388","doi":"10.1017/s1049096517001913","title":"Slack: Adopting Social-Networking Platforms for Active Learning","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Social media; Active learning (machine learning); Collaborative learning; Public relations; Online learning; Computer science; Social learning; Mathematics education; Political science; Multimedia; Psychology; Knowledge management; World Wide Web","authors":[{"name":"Jerald Sabin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Andrea Olive","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05043094006758021,"gpt":0.4008700226602246,"spread":0.3504390825926444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002490412,0.0002015698,0.0002613157,0.0001837587,0.00631381,0.0003674152,0.0006430943,0.0001838858,0.00009629189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003415863,0.0001915166,0.0001371298,0.0007414239,0.00473166,0.0007085513,0.0001789692,0.0004761698,0.0000861731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000878043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002246789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007594306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002210805,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944833,0.0000847635,0.0003510538,0.0005169297,0.0009415841,0.003622368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975157,0.0006658463,0.0001429695,0.0001514856,0.000665486,0.000858452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007129108,0.00003210035,0.001851907,0.000008740206,0.000006753261,0.000001223866,0.004923314,0.000003062655,0.00009457497,0.969555,0.00009436546,0.02342189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005810832,0.0004117176,0.003867225,0.00008386155,0.00006677733,0.000005783304,0.05603173,0.003468559,0.001897739,0.1676755,0.7651138,0.0007961995],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7204098,0.00002123973,0.004564955,0.008030086,0.001564069,0.0005509442,0.0000207241,0.0004630891,0.2643752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9818816,0.000003691943,0.005840426,0.0008252662,0.009517783,0.00001470007,0.000005368288,0.00002585052,0.001885304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8018795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2321752935","doi":"10.1017/s1049096512001308","title":"The Workplace Relevance of the Liberal Arts Political Science BA and How It Might Be Enhanced: Reflections on an Exploratory Survey of the NGO Sector","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Relevance (law); Liberal arts education; Politics; Political science; Interpersonal communication; Public relations; Pedagogy; Psychology; Higher education; Sociology; Social psychology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Andrew Robinson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2046760459366317,"gpt":0.4483334036028808,"spread":0.2436573576662492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01729662,0.0002660917,0.0003403919,0.0001409658,0.006677489,0.0005744227,0.00370824,0.0001632834,0.00002907033],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06739169,0.0001446649,0.0001051677,0.003811303,0.05846114,0.001168671,0.0008169892,0.0007338947,0.000004665621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001199147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0040935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01099045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005959153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899798,0.002847104,0.0005126583,0.000725137,0.002778027,0.003157262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9890341,0.006996532,0.0003414685,0.001060414,0.001667439,0.0009000837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004111118,0.00006168313,0.005830484,0.000005147718,0.000003301756,1.023752e-7,0.006242689,0.000001747946,0.005156718,0.9821953,0.0002566637,0.0002421135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001758918,0.0002736391,0.5010418,0.0001052958,0.00002121044,0.000003520163,0.0437053,0.0001031755,0.05002297,0.4012829,0.002796047,0.0004682669],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8852482,0.00001932843,0.0002204333,0.05892264,0.00190345,0.0006274082,0.00004014313,0.00005427882,0.05296405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942747,0.000009473826,0.001181116,0.003081784,0.0003293772,0.00003449033,3.226593e-7,0.0000134156,0.001075273],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5809124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9955955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066456570","doi":"10.1017/s1049096513000565","title":"Fieldwork in the Era of Social Media: Opportunities and Challenges","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Social media; Anonymity; Politics; Public relations; Openness to experience; Confidentiality; Political science; Compromise; Harm; Democracy; Sociology; Social psychology; Law; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Isabelle Côté","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6148320336116887,"gpt":0.5427003076991788,"spread":0.07213172591250994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003311684,0.00009374582,0.0002405939,0.00009447389,0.0001462603,0.00004866874,0.0004014442,0.000193643,0.0001424053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01592862,0.0000605323,0.00004594859,0.0001765023,0.005754406,0.0001162096,0.0001505063,0.001159516,0.00001533796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008195337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007960209,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000443186,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009784592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969853,0.0001047781,0.0003614244,0.0002354554,0.001271597,0.001041432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9865842,0.01194838,0.0000407009,0.0003391884,0.0004753165,0.0006122002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002384354,0.00008362442,0.001228407,0.0001091465,0.000002330452,0.000009166762,0.00344107,1.129912e-8,0.00003233679,0.9934493,0.00004834615,0.001593878],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002666124,0.0001654504,0.2614396,0.00009794013,0.0000136291,0.00002207362,0.02049586,0.00005069933,0.0003209673,0.7163749,0.0006662203,0.00008602234],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6568226,0.0002332196,0.000002830371,0.2848764,0.00007652175,0.0001837494,0.000005765784,0.00001091778,0.05778807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941725,0.0009323776,0.0002409588,0.004180308,0.0003078397,0.00001716757,8.497381e-7,0.000006066903,0.0001419103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.33735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390746669","doi":"10.1017/s1049096523000914","title":"The Resilience of Democracy’s Third Wave","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Democratization; Democracy; Optimism; Pessimism; Mood swing; Mood; Third wave; Political science; Psychological resilience; Development economics; Political economy; State (computer science); Keynesian economics; Economics; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Politics; Law; Philosophy; Epistemology; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Steven Levitsky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lucan A. Way","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03080706754785319,"gpt":0.3634082915898648,"spread":0.3326012240420116,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003416418,0.0001756925,0.0001959971,0.0001624355,0.002430947,0.0005725731,0.001377234,0.0001055574,0.00006141957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004062296,0.0001193222,0.0001226826,0.001047745,0.01025159,0.0005986541,0.0002756668,0.0003206439,0.0001499162],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009333321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002817419,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005691437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004650672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994049,0.0001978658,0.0004931653,0.0005012778,0.002016383,0.00274233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996815,0.001264666,0.0000645152,0.0005233729,0.0002959018,0.001036516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001269787,0.00002701844,0.0008485727,0.00001292546,0.000005244787,0.00001095319,0.002114288,9.130262e-7,0.0003777095,0.9951088,0.0007125912,0.0007797116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007876707,0.00006513872,0.009491002,0.0001035754,0.00003055267,0.000006984869,0.003769633,0.00101872,0.006208377,0.9018916,0.07706501,0.0002706313],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5449952,0.0003885917,0.000517441,0.04242432,0.003347069,0.0005006281,0.00005806631,0.0003650466,0.4074036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920714,0.00004143426,0.0004211109,0.000964535,0.0005230199,0.000008135525,7.130799e-7,0.00001358578,0.00595603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4470762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3120379104","doi":"10.1017/s1049096520001377","title":"State-Level Forecasts for the 2020 US Presidential Election: Tough Victory Ahead for Biden","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Victory; Presidential election; Political science; State (computer science); Presidential system; Political economy; Law; Economics; Politics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Bruno Jérôme","is_ca":false},{"name":"Véronique Jérôme","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philippe Mongrain","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Nadeau","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1166158759115585,"gpt":0.3981909934205188,"spread":0.2815751175089602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001352978,0.0002140337,0.0002789067,0.00005450968,0.00213569,0.0004582538,0.0007409153,0.0001301676,0.00009906827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004420529,0.0001681403,0.0001986858,0.0005642101,0.001926736,0.000500276,0.00008984929,0.0001932207,0.00005769191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006274158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0017554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01560207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003111482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950609,0.0001501579,0.0005310142,0.0005247327,0.0009502019,0.002782999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99579,0.001538267,0.0001051268,0.000236752,0.0006764597,0.001653383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003014373,0.00003997957,0.00222345,0.0000473235,0.00001532803,8.38781e-7,0.001670991,0.00001403627,0.0005705956,0.9905251,0.004279709,0.0005825223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001578241,0.001371518,0.03908715,0.00006111093,0.0002755769,0.000008275057,0.002023998,0.01745847,0.01867756,0.4131506,0.5051393,0.001168267],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5664857,0.0002624606,0.1127465,0.2883014,0.004541994,0.007799004,0.001219631,0.0006167673,0.01802655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879411,0.000003291258,0.0006127993,0.005027294,0.004655938,0.0002441141,0.0000076571,0.00002495198,0.001482867],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5773745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998071621","doi":"10.1017/s1049096519001100","title":"The Qualifying Field Exam: What Is It Good For?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Political Science Research and Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Theme (computing); Group cohesiveness; Value (mathematics); Field (mathematics); Politics; Certification; Sociology; Variety (cybernetics); Epistemology; Public relations; Political science; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science; Law; World Wide Web; Mathematics; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Nicole McMahon","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Alcantara","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura B. Stephenson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1018625407967487,"gpt":0.4808195916183353,"spread":0.3789570508215866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008038962,0.0001675229,0.0001883675,0.0001160316,0.003676797,0.00207941,0.001631127,0.0001366186,0.0005174102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009437487,0.0001211955,0.0001381595,0.00072337,0.003680517,0.001656908,0.0002121663,0.0002837421,0.0006301753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001404574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004393533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007633966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003609201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9895849,0.0001841441,0.0003699301,0.0005486822,0.00184924,0.007463168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.991604,0.003980515,0.0000618449,0.0005490432,0.0005068574,0.003297756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003000577,0.00003660213,0.002444872,0.00001053162,0.000002794891,2.814366e-7,0.002693407,1.689823e-7,0.00009872351,0.9897932,0.001215928,0.003700452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002260361,0.0002405456,0.003605583,0.0000670384,0.00001318791,0.000003013962,0.07533567,0.0005078724,0.003850437,0.4430259,0.4727379,0.0003867723],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2599268,0.0001856652,0.0006073258,0.3558601,0.002976879,0.001151318,0.00002451884,0.0001042115,0.3791632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742957,0.0001260858,0.0002474573,0.0137519,0.0008879157,0.0000472153,0.000001429494,0.00001020361,0.01063209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7143689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2531630465","doi":"10.1017/s1049096516001372","title":"Correct Voting and Post-Election Regret","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Regret; Voting; Feeling; Politics; Social psychology; Affect (linguistics); Political science; Economics; Psychology; Law; Mathematics; Statistics; Communication","authors":[{"name":"André Blais","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anja Kilibarda","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04209492587957948,"gpt":0.3725853587817434,"spread":0.3304904329021639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001537184,0.0001501538,0.0001901756,0.0001416597,0.001232843,0.0002131222,0.0002611964,0.0001219908,0.0001077174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005354717,0.000105771,0.00005370511,0.0004107537,0.003141085,0.0005878845,0.00007396039,0.0001249488,0.0001257448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008596546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000778442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02400172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001740558,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958957,0.0002173898,0.0003267459,0.0004081228,0.0007634531,0.002388533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971268,0.0006297291,0.00006530211,0.0001780171,0.0004440896,0.001556087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002390761,0.00002122945,0.02372951,0.000006129384,0.000002037924,0.000001296796,0.0003754754,5.009109e-8,0.004299605,0.9694899,0.00008059501,0.001991763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001277474,0.001103183,0.4814961,0.0004308958,0.0001243307,0.00008118167,0.003138252,0.0005053213,0.03279556,0.4117028,0.06550985,0.001835093],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9246643,0.00002275281,0.0007300169,0.02776008,0.0007010132,0.0002571509,0.00002131138,0.0001751778,0.04566818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952113,0.000002950344,0.0001026527,0.001221557,0.0008682373,0.00001186199,8.292537e-7,0.00001176465,0.002568872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5577872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2603539924","doi":"10.1017/s104909651600319x","title":"The Role of Social Group Membership on Classroom Participation","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","field":"Psychology","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Citizen journalism; Psychology; Mathematics education; Race (biology); Politics; Critical thinking; Pedagogy; Political science; Sociology; Gender studies","authors":[{"name":"Şule Yaylacı","is_ca":true},{"name":"Edana Beauvais","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.110419040441703,"gpt":0.4906406264971819,"spread":0.3802215860554789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000925997,0.000091847,0.0001183637,0.00006102463,0.002690398,0.0001644059,0.001195119,0.00008117537,0.0003548231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001179828,0.00007129045,0.00005977037,0.00009057953,0.002854584,0.0001105694,0.0001333131,0.0002372216,0.000190645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002524233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002960788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00121787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001553808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978446,0.000155418,0.0003301579,0.0002156742,0.0004256351,0.001028454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975455,0.0004866141,0.0001904832,0.001121383,0.000245518,0.0004104384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006688429,0.0001305567,0.01863458,0.00000309169,0.000003458997,1.011357e-7,0.001917432,5.345933e-8,0.00004582803,0.9758998,0.0002042103,0.003154205],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001283392,0.0000717183,0.7230027,0.000006618352,0.000009120007,0.00000104985,0.005582897,0.00006812738,0.0003343286,0.2315299,0.03918282,0.00008236939],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4059463,0.00003354892,0.00001248849,0.03348855,0.0008897624,0.0001613675,0.00001861978,0.00003165856,0.5594177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971994,0.000002108046,0.00005898242,0.001108184,0.0003601058,0.00004073736,0.000002726979,0.000008261573,0.001219464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7443699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2145917137","doi":"10.1017/s1049096508080074","title":"Middlemen No More? Emergent Patterns in Congressional Leadership Selection","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Alliance; Mainstream; Democracy; Wright; Political science; Ideology; Selection (genetic algorithm); House of Representatives; Quarter (Canadian coin); Public administration; Economic history; Political economy; Law; Sociology; Politics; History; Art history","authors":[{"name":"Douglas B. Harris","is_ca":false},{"name":"Garrison Nelson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1781420947921757,"gpt":0.4046103496374759,"spread":0.2264682548453002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001216703,0.0001919772,0.0002501627,0.0002383132,0.001141837,0.0000886746,0.0004267308,0.0001565027,0.000719233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001828037,0.0001797987,0.00008378117,0.000712955,0.002477738,0.0004842143,0.00006616645,0.0003029851,0.0003090321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001384165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001427595,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04888931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00392801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941619,0.0002781295,0.0005343633,0.0004602102,0.001388879,0.003176497],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974992,0.00024891,0.00007349864,0.0001903476,0.0004247339,0.001563332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003633225,0.0001047063,0.3174451,0.00001428285,0.000002217065,0.000007322676,0.001268854,0.000004295445,0.0002963728,0.6805445,0.0002791655,0.00002959445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006874474,0.0002427827,0.9439429,0.0001592658,0.00002190817,0.00002569893,0.003386822,0.001786022,0.003358009,0.02722317,0.0183464,0.0008195692],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646022,0.00001713072,0.00009855662,0.01057551,0.0007084214,0.0003120624,0.00002282069,0.00009406394,0.02356917],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940366,0.000004560624,0.0001093984,0.001824727,0.001095952,0.00003504476,0.00000594995,0.00001396787,0.002873815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6533213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9574442,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2164895671","doi":"10.1017/s1049096511001260","title":"The Method of Problems versus the Method of Topics","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Mainstream; Unconscious mind; Identification (biology); Criticism; Epistemology; Commonsense knowledge; Cover (algebra); Habit; Computer science; Psychology; Sociology; Social psychology; Philosophy; Body of knowledge; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Фред Эйдлин","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1822741675175239,"gpt":0.3449327956843572,"spread":0.1626586281668333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002016171,0.0001243809,0.0001905744,0.00007343903,0.001169573,0.00007324653,0.001277307,0.00003457984,0.0001696872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006263786,0.00006770065,0.0001096304,0.0001291401,0.01042338,0.0002476429,0.000171271,0.0001787182,0.00001422521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009844208,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003674116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002295746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001910962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977484,0.0001211277,0.0003872715,0.0002352905,0.0006054317,0.0009024263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981006,0.0006663362,0.0001387239,0.0004812193,0.000348111,0.0002650413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000682443,0.00004754114,0.00001778663,0.00001437411,0.000006233245,3.173573e-7,0.01250672,8.625109e-7,0.0001565161,0.9861462,0.00005860896,0.001037995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001854692,0.0003517314,0.0005312929,0.00001958081,0.00005080407,0.000006025497,0.005678305,0.0003919608,0.006847371,0.888082,0.0976932,0.0001621993],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005923755,0.0001112027,0.002697906,0.005359411,0.001748235,0.0002523337,0.00005149009,0.00003473579,0.9838209],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904438,0.00000520306,0.006787624,0.0004747312,0.0004273419,0.000008655919,3.033947e-7,0.000006995074,0.001845292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9845201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388534932","doi":"10.1017/s1049096523000926","title":"The Invincible Gender Gap in Political Ambition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Politics; Gender gap; Perception; Representation (politics); Inclusion (mineral); Socialization; Political science; Gender studies; Demographic economics; Psychology; Social psychology; Sociology; Economics; Law","authors":[{"name":"Richard L. Fox","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer L. Lawless","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1211927260536492,"gpt":0.4180374879324663,"spread":0.2968447618788171,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003539365,0.0001942224,0.0001964593,0.0004460475,0.002460304,0.0005564862,0.0008769815,0.0001649249,0.00005613428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003482115,0.0001552907,0.0001088695,0.001926649,0.005459054,0.0004167245,0.0002700114,0.0003602746,0.0005225996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001466102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002119077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02007886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001734847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916785,0.0003393655,0.0005096365,0.000538045,0.001717305,0.005217178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965168,0.0009219806,0.00005868048,0.0004703364,0.0003144087,0.00171776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001520178,0.00004569886,0.01147898,0.000007955179,0.000002867424,0.00001234178,0.001680548,0.000004986985,0.0001473611,0.985982,0.000494503,0.0001412185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002121373,0.00002741781,0.1351047,0.00001175971,0.00001044211,0.000006132012,0.02029199,0.0008323265,0.00094003,0.8316907,0.01062554,0.00024682],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5236275,0.00002720561,0.0001567758,0.04756568,0.001299001,0.0004970399,0.00003337495,0.000300259,0.4264931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994675,0.00002966298,0.00009409889,0.002073989,0.0007853796,0.00003972209,0.000008735526,0.00001987959,0.00227349],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4710475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3108796216","doi":"10.1017/s1049096520001493","title":"Simulating “Normalcy” in a Global Pandemic: Synchronous e-Learning and the Ethics of Care in Teaching","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methodologies in Social Sciences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Content (measure theory); Pandemic; Action (physics); Political science; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Multimedia; Computer science; Public relations; Medicine; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Stéphanie Martel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Serena Rourke","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sydney A. Wade","is_ca":true},{"name":"Munro Watters","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1045339905482194,"gpt":0.4757629724050733,"spread":0.3712289818568539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01897248,0.0001553152,0.000385418,0.00009150601,0.001493579,0.0001515104,0.0009162132,0.0001906657,0.000008954182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1028348,0.0001198766,0.0000557134,0.001385496,0.01310131,0.0003681106,0.0004903837,0.001623026,0.000001566054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00120944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001712345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.024863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00219543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.992671,0.003495679,0.0005631291,0.0004341435,0.001138633,0.001697414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930678,0.006051035,0.0001632482,0.0001220319,0.0002222548,0.0003736061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008825633,0.000008223911,0.2009777,0.00001824493,9.697078e-7,0.000001789084,0.1050877,0.00008597384,0.00001816619,0.6913826,3.430466e-7,0.002409376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00135036,0.0002636229,0.08220711,0.0001908838,0.00002018833,0.000004136759,0.6001596,0.00797134,0.00007546211,0.3050122,0.002224404,0.0005206725],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8791509,0.000158644,0.001157036,0.01613674,0.0001878018,0.0003364623,0.00000682395,0.00007695681,0.1027887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923621,0.00001815378,0.005609291,0.00177604,0.0002130381,0.000005435153,4.064044e-7,0.000005533293,0.000009950311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4950719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3044241490","doi":"10.1017/s1049096520000839","title":"Faculty Perceptions of Political Science PhD Career Training","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Calgary; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Curriculum; Face (sociological concept); Perception; Medical education; Transferable skills analysis; Political science; Psychology; Pedagogy; Public relations; Sociology; Higher education; Medicine; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Loleen Berdahl","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan Malloy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lisa Young","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.5343464994820344,"gpt":0.5787599259152177,"spread":0.04441342643318336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001321084,0.0002357072,0.0004027422,0.0002575204,0.002477741,0.00006077364,0.001068622,0.0001615316,0.0008798098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006224801,0.0002080199,0.0001343675,0.001311755,0.007112425,0.0005383359,0.000444017,0.0007839138,0.0004128451],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001386322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009379819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002324719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004684549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9922107,0.0001429272,0.0008116316,0.0006807157,0.001384763,0.004769275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925041,0.0004186691,0.0001218777,0.0004672103,0.001308778,0.00517943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000198514,0.00007734826,0.008242276,0.00005217674,0.000003295069,8.922569e-7,0.01087774,0.000002827933,0.001089425,0.9791465,0.0004188545,0.00008668881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008873984,0.0004101384,0.6204625,0.0001818666,0.00009828842,0.00001528825,0.2929372,0.004011213,0.0008488127,0.06432711,0.01499745,0.000822773],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8254688,0.00001594771,0.0008313482,0.07911115,0.0009455148,0.0004503632,0.0005712933,0.000175227,0.09243035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878617,0.000002230606,0.001745563,0.008895658,0.001031911,0.0000354503,0.0000175304,0.00002056975,0.0003893953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9148194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4235020221","doi":"10.1017/s1049096509990734","title":"Blogging in the Political Science Classroom","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Reflective Practices in Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Politics; Media studies; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Lawrence","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michelle Dion","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04106136085376139,"gpt":0.4530371841887792,"spread":0.4119758233350178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.011872,0.0002238835,0.0002124479,0.0005971823,0.00249447,0.001186055,0.003214343,0.0001689703,0.0001252298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03276403,0.0001764967,0.00007746635,0.002923378,0.02552298,0.001993355,0.0002912988,0.001330354,0.0001867631],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002156614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008691915,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02224239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003352225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9894976,0.0004159585,0.000470853,0.0007934938,0.002837894,0.005984194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99433,0.002037623,0.0001097777,0.0008412127,0.0006604647,0.002020892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001377681,0.0001747745,0.03609676,0.000003307063,9.389967e-7,0.000004465884,0.004783358,4.310938e-7,0.002731708,0.9556688,0.00003821486,0.0004958556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001725178,0.00006013421,0.1631346,0.00001502358,0.00002021721,0.00004479137,0.03890608,0.0003191937,0.00324624,0.7732142,0.02048767,0.0003793655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.533796,0.000004650622,0.00007820128,0.04715718,0.001484325,0.0002637267,0.000004036156,0.00006142941,0.4171505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9883458,0.00000266324,0.002704437,0.007033392,0.00156769,0.00003463149,8.024206e-7,0.0000141227,0.0002964762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4545498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2990909818","doi":"10.1017/s1049096519001732","title":"Analysis of Text-Analysis Syllabi: Building a Text-Analysis Syllabus Using Scaling","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; University of Toronto; Université de Montréal","funders":"Université Laval","keywords":"Syllabus; Variety (cybernetics); Field (mathematics); Computer science; Rank (graph theory); Mathematics education; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Nadjim Fréchet","is_ca":true},{"name":"Justin Savoie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yannick Dufresne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0510488252297131,"gpt":0.4261477139350056,"spread":0.3750988887052925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","bibliometrics","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00607519,0.0003779208,0.001779892,0.006254022,0.001187525,0.0004748687,0.001431661,0.0002071591,0.001316835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002572753,0.0003563309,0.002245697,0.04138943,0.002748557,0.000562117,0.000354597,0.0003016809,0.00004491964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001338359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001434258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03205471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001803623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9910393,0.0007277895,0.001312368,0.00118145,0.003137473,0.002601573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935843,0.002151459,0.0004969944,0.0008865816,0.001408176,0.001472524],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000332917,0.00009902061,0.2848974,0.00001070023,0.006513732,0.000002641592,0.00106347,0.04311762,0.0005227972,0.6634266,0.000001144153,0.000341537],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001840749,0.00003307309,0.2377916,0.00001711586,0.07317836,0.000001124262,0.003735382,0.6574283,0.0004637797,0.02599039,0.0004870133,0.0006898029],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9235292,0.0000854961,0.05979464,0.0008067929,0.000180776,0.0002017295,0.00007213211,0.00008148673,0.01524773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824044,0.000006250234,0.01617162,0.0004204433,0.0002173525,0.000004211643,0.00001928224,0.00001696728,0.0007395009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6374363,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2626118613","doi":"10.1017/s1049096517000464","title":"Canadian Ethnocultural Diversity and Federal Party Support: The Dynamics of Liberal Partisanship in Immigrant Communities","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Diversity (politics); Dynamics (music); Political science; Public administration; Political economy; Sociology; Law","authors":[{"name":"Stephen White","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04114540879993753,"gpt":0.2933578899316732,"spread":0.2522124811317357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001129068,0.00009108189,0.0001654888,0.0001757584,0.0142425,0.000798436,0.001105009,0.0000888589,0.0001401891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005809189,0.00008546497,0.00005205967,0.0001223995,0.01584606,0.000543195,0.0004415938,0.0002807864,0.00001063705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002595143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002653948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9983021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9996885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976782,0.0001303693,0.0001900877,0.0001484271,0.0004624549,0.00139052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998201,0.0001370915,0.00006970127,0.0003577995,0.0001238846,0.001110596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001031842,0.000009789685,0.199223,0.000005279888,0.000001667915,0.000006279131,0.02826058,2.670384e-7,8.021402e-7,0.7721841,0.0001846995,0.0001225699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001663677,0.00003585106,0.896387,0.0000232836,0.00001632532,0.00000536031,0.04303451,0.0002659207,0.000008129396,0.04861493,0.01122845,0.0002138965],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9173499,0.00002116438,7.69394e-7,0.02180193,0.000246577,0.0001131046,0.0001371539,0.000008242347,0.0603211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995468,0.00002502076,0.0000141703,0.0008644378,0.00008479972,0.000002064131,0.000003068751,0.000003620116,0.003534837],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7235692,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9870408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4241914537","doi":"10.1017/s1049096508081341","title":"2009 APSA Annual Meeting & Exhibition: Toronto, ON, Canada | September 3–6, 2009","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PS Political Science & Politics","topic":"Bone and Dental Protein Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Exhibition; Political science; Library science; Media studies; History; Sociology; Art history; Computer science","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02579565214516017,"gpt":0.3004614553943318,"spread":0.2746658032491716,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003301478,0.0002742557,0.00039414,0.00006252996,0.0008198738,0.00003320547,0.0002128362,0.00009179999,0.0004179743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007776878,0.0002303671,0.00009766418,0.000261774,0.001629826,0.0002644554,0.0001551564,0.000274892,0.0002409498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00167678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002126326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4491646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1122701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954765,0.00003834989,0.000445127,0.0005190162,0.001434961,0.002086033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973894,0.0001472801,0.00005974473,0.0004470069,0.0004147087,0.001541805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007239136,0.0007401418,0.0320817,0.0001328502,0.00006605733,0.0007627385,0.0009468201,0.000008105567,0.0009609832,0.6158788,0.3479022,0.000447151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003179397,0.00134053,0.2902575,0.0006280594,0.000240081,0.003525219,0.006476647,0.0001712389,0.02286136,0.01112331,0.6582053,0.001991342],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.531558,0.0004793232,0.00002953449,0.004118571,0.0004157189,0.0003050196,0.0001944121,0.00009768242,0.4628018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9731953,0.00001665105,0.0007262122,0.01338196,0.0008810889,0.00001482361,0.00001161175,0.000019804,0.01175259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6047555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9394097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}