{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":12,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":12,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"c57cc6200c07","filters":{"venue":"Paddy and Water Environment"}},"results":[{"id":"W2088966354","doi":"10.1007/s10333-015-0493-z","title":"Rainwater harvesting for the management of agricultural droughts in arid and semi-arid regions","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University","keywords":"Rainwater harvesting; Arid; Vegetation (pathology); Environmental science; Agriculture; Ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Agroforestry; Geography; Water resource management; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Shereif H. Mahmoud","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Adamowski","is_ca":true},{"name":"A. A. Alazba","is_ca":false},{"name":"A. M. El-Gindy","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01852374960295792,"gpt":0.1981353593808434,"spread":0.1796116097778855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000374236,0.0001000154,0.0001206196,0.00001188974,0.00009640355,0.00001970422,0.0000822989,0.00003028525,0.00005646829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002803419,0.00004721437,0.00003415568,0.00003236779,0.0001708948,0.00009530519,0.0001966307,0.00004728395,0.00001245658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004193059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":5.644824e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000325176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008341918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992362,0.00003297876,0.0001703312,0.0002260883,0.0001420692,0.0001923443],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997239,0.00004008712,0.00002679162,0.0001422755,0.000001266772,0.00006574736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000213524,0.000707412,0.8655465,0.0002443354,0.0004817974,0.00002486013,0.03334271,0.03791997,0.006726374,0.0007839297,0.001847125,0.05216149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001719043,0.0001489352,0.9383376,0.00003253068,0.000243095,0.00001432562,0.004800502,0.003153416,0.005698428,0.005369975,0.04011418,0.0003680072],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968144,0.0001310343,0.0005909223,0.001435992,0.00002296157,0.00026068,0.000003679799,0.000005095423,0.0007352495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975812,0.0001508765,0.0005166284,0.00006488498,0.00001404761,0.00006257306,0.00001115101,0.000003967446,0.00159467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0727911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1925346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2929425498","doi":"10.1007/s10333-019-00754-x","title":"Investigating monthly precipitation variability using a multiscale approach based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Hilbert–Huang transform; Residual; Entropy (arrow of time); Rain gauge; Precipitation; Wavelet; Environmental science; Sample entropy; Time series; Hydrometeorology; Mathematics; Meteorology; Statistics; Computer science; Algorithm; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Physics; White noise","authors":[{"name":"Farhad Alizadeh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kiyoumar Roushangar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Adamowski","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02884731993006726,"gpt":0.2857946773829157,"spread":0.2569473574528484,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005650279,0.0001753602,0.000163753,0.00002227857,0.0001529512,0.00003283799,0.00007864409,0.0001016176,0.000770281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001313468,0.000136174,0.00004666882,0.00003270041,0.0001231401,0.0001895999,0.0001367319,0.000127819,0.0002488487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002498975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003470676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001427726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001884615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984273,0.0001975972,0.0002473701,0.0005632683,0.0002806571,0.0002837688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994301,0.00008949602,0.0000462829,0.000309358,0.000002214566,0.0001225005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003215434,0.0003823208,0.1103847,0.00003256592,0.000005129262,3.52542e-7,0.001397647,0.7927218,0.09453786,0.000008470866,0.00001606798,0.0004809334],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004752876,0.0001096937,0.02881101,0.00001377692,0.00002021802,0.000001140597,0.00004576281,0.9607196,0.007955196,0.001472407,0.0001728199,0.0002030466],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9713925,0.000001566791,0.02413215,0.0002004205,0.0000376417,0.0005278704,0.00001470484,0.00002511792,0.003668012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9626629,0.000001836263,0.03674972,0.000372948,0.00001354913,0.0000409918,0.00008034108,0.00001397871,0.00006368374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1679978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8434036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111541632","doi":"10.1007/s10333-008-0125-y","title":"Assessment of the water quality of two rivers in Hanoi City and its suitability for irrigation water","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Water quality; Irrigation; Environmental science; Water resource management; Hydrology (agriculture); Quality (philosophy); Agronomy; Geology; Ecology; Biology; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương","is_ca":false},{"name":"Masami Ohtsubo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Loretta Y. Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Takahiro Higashi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Motohei Kanayama","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04611634043737201,"gpt":0.2935179845409607,"spread":0.2474016441035887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001211549,0.0001510135,0.0002470487,0.00002225494,0.0001600083,0.000006615341,0.0001229738,0.00006134994,0.0006103233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004360835,0.00006882021,0.00006930289,0.00002084971,0.0004318552,0.0001641342,0.0003343468,0.00008902344,0.000009398024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001359867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003842958,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005417992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007151123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983042,0.0002745384,0.0004809668,0.0003258029,0.000319557,0.0002949226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995728,0.00004018641,0.00007095098,0.0002473433,0.000004442362,0.0000643416],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000436637,0.0002995439,0.6378794,0.00008256942,0.0000188422,5.048823e-7,0.005480337,0.001150729,0.3545278,0.0002073544,0.000009875159,0.0002994264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007227501,0.00005328074,0.5839089,0.000005654482,0.00001085356,0.000001212828,0.00004502248,0.0002755928,0.4124911,0.001779764,0.0006072089,0.00009861628],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976537,0.000008489574,0.0004635135,0.000996421,0.00005305954,0.0005741261,0.00004036432,0.000004715669,0.0002056249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989744,0.0000323408,0.0005146586,0.00008941276,0.000008944838,0.00004987582,0.00002349635,0.000006324744,0.0003005638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05796335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6682612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2464509330","doi":"10.1007/s10333-016-0538-y","title":"Converting rice paddy to dry land farming in the Tai Lake Basin, China: toward an understanding of environmental and economic impacts","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Chinese Academy of Sciences; China Association for Science and Technology","keywords":"Agriculture; Environmental science; Surface runoff; Environmental impact of agriculture; Agricultural land; Land use; Nutrient pollution; Paddy field; Agricultural pollution; Nutrient management; Pollution; Water resource management; Agricultural economics; Geography; Economics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Wenjun Jiao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qingwen Min","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony M. Fuller","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225860931009058,"gpt":0.1939907998990029,"spread":0.1817321905889123,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004641354,0.0002058158,0.0001977729,0.00004557413,0.0001280188,0.00003237657,0.000167119,0.00006198031,0.0002134534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002800544,0.0001118972,0.00003143042,0.00002033336,0.0002550228,0.0002935973,0.0002894334,0.00007887982,0.00007621783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002474195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001893026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002439412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007538515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986314,0.0000948174,0.0002845942,0.0004089197,0.0001877298,0.0003925592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999512,0.00005745826,0.00006130733,0.0002221787,2.446845e-7,0.000146856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004723814,0.000081161,0.9799484,0.0000109518,0.00001061966,0.000008451391,0.006075863,0.0001265286,0.01112789,0.00002130918,0.000007650113,0.002533921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001116929,0.0002754763,0.9877983,0.00003268519,0.00002726018,0.00001722125,0.001380255,0.0004845272,0.004717118,0.002620127,0.001203991,0.0003260946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979057,0.00002904671,0.0005307782,0.0009927026,0.000045851,0.0002596939,0.00005295997,0.000008819433,0.0001744484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992559,0.0002662731,0.0001399399,0.0002290363,0.00002647868,0.00001609873,0.00001101194,0.00001680014,0.00003844717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007849897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4563036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977097772","doi":"10.1007/s10333-005-0012-8","title":"Effects of smectite, salinity and water content on sedimentation and self-weight consolidation of thoroughly disturbed soft marine clay","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Settling; Salinity; Consolidation (business); Brackish water; Clay minerals; Water content; Geology; Sediment; Soil science; Mineralogy; Geotechnical engineering; Environmental science; Geomorphology; Environmental engineering; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Fumiyoshi Kondo","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. Kenneth Torrance","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005625122103237656,"gpt":0.1743644492878686,"spread":0.1687393271846309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007708628,0.0001238531,0.0001525985,0.00003259156,0.00003052801,0.00000934553,0.00001925149,0.00006082554,0.00001836535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000156473,0.00007764723,0.00001592761,0.000009696054,0.00004604431,0.00008253929,0.0000333429,0.00006486544,0.000004133582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002169142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.465237e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001579006,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002028922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994513,0.00002825396,0.0001740934,0.0001343175,0.00008963769,0.0001223776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998183,0.00004071067,0.0000203134,0.0000707098,0.000004574363,0.00004542092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002418292,0.0004583192,0.0318267,0.0007952305,0.0003420944,0.000006456937,0.006540666,0.002197379,0.9073421,0.00006172926,0.00008200576,0.05010545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001077063,0.0001532919,0.08141866,0.00002219557,0.00007029392,0.000002958163,0.00002565018,0.002727083,0.9132468,0.00005511114,0.001083483,0.0001174013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990912,0.0001732739,0.0002114778,0.0000919414,0.00005819973,0.0001950835,0.000005777231,0.00002497228,0.0001480849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987401,0.0007269679,0.0003338062,0.00003888847,0.00003592197,0.00001579658,0.00005033938,0.00001122381,0.00004696143],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04998804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3166362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2032076198","doi":"10.1007/s10333-010-0227-1","title":"On-farm evaluation of a low-input rice production system in Panama","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"System of Rice Intensification; Panama; Agriculture; Subsistence agriculture; Environmental science; Yield (engineering); Agronomy; Soil fertility; Production (economics); Wet season; Agroforestry; Agricultural science; Soil water; Geography; Biology; Economics; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Marie‐Soleil Turmel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Juan Felipe Espinosa‐Cristia","is_ca":false},{"name":"León Franco","is_ca":false},{"name":"Candelario Pérez","is_ca":false},{"name":"H. Castilo Hernandez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Eric Wong González","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guillermo Fernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Carlos Rojas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daniel Sánchez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicolás Fernández","is_ca":false},{"name":"Manuel Barrios","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joann K. Whalen","is_ca":true},{"name":"Benjamin L. Turner","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01621313871000642,"gpt":0.1994809165121495,"spread":0.183267777802143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004516653,0.00005998916,0.00006558563,0.000009039889,0.00004242065,0.000008769696,0.00003786655,0.00003710667,0.0001308343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000110143,0.00002024498,0.00001561861,0.00002851967,0.00002131864,0.00002684718,0.00002044822,0.0000591126,0.00001704196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002464298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001205474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006636731,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000069428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993604,0.00004128654,0.0001355058,0.000164966,0.0002052358,0.00009258329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998724,0.00001522278,0.0000352245,0.00004177849,0.00001037434,0.00002502325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001182683,0.0001127832,0.002367383,0.00001250615,0.000003022389,1.757233e-7,0.0001873748,0.00005378754,0.9330323,0.0001196454,0.000007066871,0.06409214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004116352,0.0002032762,0.5369753,0.00003354802,0.00001548735,0.000001852803,0.0005794864,0.0008958024,0.4587866,0.0002507824,0.001705654,0.0001406352],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998633,0.000008841613,0.000002127833,0.0005641119,0.0001107943,0.0002816262,0.000002279975,0.000006870134,0.0003903653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997118,0.000009829253,0.0000151015,0.00004638827,0.00005287729,0.00004128684,0.00001717813,3.918836e-7,0.0001051593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5346079,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1432544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2933523412","doi":"10.1007/s10333-019-00725-2","title":"Slope stability evaluation of an agricultural embankment by statistically derived rainfall patterns","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Levee; Slope stability; Environmental science; Flood myth; Storm; Flooding (psychology); Geotechnical engineering; Stability (learning theory); Hydrology (agriculture); Landslide; Geology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Jaesung Park","is_ca":true},{"name":"Khonesavanh Vilayvong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Younghwan Son","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kazunori Fujisawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Akira Murakami","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009140753055853296,"gpt":0.1864337035568441,"spread":0.1772929505009908,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002174941,0.0001190632,0.0001233055,0.00001099264,0.00001955366,0.00001435185,0.00004813952,0.00004924926,0.0009701169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001821869,0.00007651935,0.00001839253,0.000009958009,0.00002151518,0.00009195917,0.00002324695,0.00006415335,0.00003737706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006255002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002021828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001522728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003899519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991882,0.00005820848,0.0001715122,0.0001675828,0.0002510591,0.0001634566],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997513,0.00001301219,0.00001451989,0.0001443546,0.00001092725,0.00006585024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003355916,0.0001866313,0.01747893,0.0001342989,0.0001114356,0.000001113414,0.003121709,0.0161139,0.9237216,0.00001121606,0.000124247,0.03896133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001362334,0.0002193326,0.4894373,0.00001867996,0.00009501461,0.000002205748,0.0004734971,0.04464087,0.4626232,0.0001341645,0.0006536304,0.0003397798],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985724,0.00007915841,0.0005834269,0.0000303959,0.0000775538,0.0002757236,0.00006815884,0.00002414588,0.0002890215],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993349,0.00005557065,0.0002411117,0.0000155478,0.00001298697,0.00002599881,0.000278639,0.000009252986,0.000025991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4719584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1986328487","doi":"10.1007/s10333-008-0132-z","title":"The geochemical characteristics of sediment in Tondano Lake, Indonesia: heavy metals and organic matter contents, and grain size distribution","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Organic matter; Sediment; Loam; Grain size; Heavy metals; Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Particle-size distribution; Silt; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Soil science; Soil water; Ecology; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Particle size","authors":[{"name":"Meldi Tieneke Magdalena Sinolungan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bambang Soeroto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fumiyoshi Kondo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tatsuya Koumoto","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007233271089039334,"gpt":0.1680806597291305,"spread":0.1608473886400912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002133869,0.0001091099,0.0001572621,0.000006151269,0.0001121071,0.00002383235,0.0001077906,0.00005281486,0.00003069306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001214679,0.00006757168,0.00001521225,0.00002149915,0.0001995536,0.00006287004,0.0002994187,0.00008404701,0.000003868083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001182249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002600091,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005565973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.963233e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992089,0.00004362518,0.0002107075,0.0002316889,0.000112979,0.00019206],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996662,0.00006010102,0.00004738398,0.0001663883,0.000006231975,0.00005374197],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000962424,0.0003357158,0.7361351,0.0001521619,0.00009214808,0.00008663807,0.003302967,0.000004244782,0.2542864,0.0004874095,0.0006671368,0.004353807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006932374,0.00006834137,0.8309453,0.00002073984,0.00001434639,0.0001266724,0.00005131787,0.0003410876,0.1503201,0.0008566435,0.01637092,0.0001913435],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945881,0.000189403,0.001506363,0.003522038,0.00002986634,0.0001159273,0.00001278105,0.000005470749,0.00003000957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989589,0.0004372009,0.0001310687,0.0001292975,0.00001082002,0.00001387801,0.00002269938,0.000001578392,0.0002945653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1039664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2755493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362583133","doi":"10.1007/s10333-023-00931-z","title":"Way forward to adopt agricultural practices for paddy straw management based on carbon sequestration and GHG emissions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Straw; Carbon sequestration; Environmental science; Mulch; Agriculture; Agronomy; Cropping; Tillage; Global warming; Agroforestry; Agricultural engineering; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Engineering; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Manjeet Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Asim Biswas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Aseem Verma","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tarandeep Singh","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. P. Choudhary","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02060837090765216,"gpt":0.2245593278349245,"spread":0.2039509569272724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001813469,0.0001430743,0.0001057434,0.00001586094,0.0001736265,0.00006170958,0.00006252543,0.00006101384,0.00002549913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007995819,0.00005059382,0.00003893526,0.00005756319,0.00002379781,0.00005133622,0.00006066841,0.00005233103,0.00001338903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000254121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.456909e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006058747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004740654,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990919,0.00003439009,0.000130799,0.0003171316,0.0001751274,0.0002506109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996781,0.00007929874,0.00004786096,0.00005091392,0.000005748514,0.0001381081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006581324,0.0005902462,0.02312885,0.0001918594,0.0001732966,0.00004989351,0.001395659,0.002711626,0.7875326,0.000993482,0.001271195,0.1813032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001213432,0.0027763,0.8535352,0.00009152303,0.0002090867,0.000007313088,0.00296821,0.036036,0.0652946,0.0009575559,0.03593072,0.000980049],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943984,0.00001478922,0.00001019769,0.004350236,0.00004902768,0.0005041157,0.00003556715,0.00004842212,0.000589202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982064,0.0001135015,0.0002631359,0.0003034312,0.00007479124,0.0001477171,0.000248899,0.000001705874,0.00064044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8304064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2063156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888500390","doi":"10.1007/s10333-018-0676-5","title":"Pb fractionation and redistribution as affected by applied inorganic amendments under different soil moisture regimes and incubation time in saline–sodic Pb-polluted paddy soil","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Sodic soil; Chemistry; Soil water; Organic matter; Gypsum; Carbonate; Soil science; Environmental science; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ghulam Murtaza","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tayyaba Naz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Amjad Hussain","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Button","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gijs Du Laing","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003564721414961934,"gpt":0.1877990690529349,"spread":0.1842343476379729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003729713,0.0003619626,0.0002846385,0.00006636613,0.0002747343,0.00005931672,0.00009948434,0.0002255802,0.001122206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001253112,0.0002916344,0.00002462129,0.00007692444,0.0005455187,0.0002552368,0.0003502665,0.0002180192,0.0003624715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005859475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003589115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001298314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004939141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977409,0.0001767086,0.0003915719,0.000759233,0.0005031424,0.0004284516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993523,0.00004424617,0.0001270958,0.0002820429,0.000002479357,0.0001917891],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001083814,0.0004764345,0.007339294,0.000019201,0.00004626093,0.000003424246,0.0009790962,0.0002303716,0.98502,0.00004730599,0.000720519,0.005009665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002891341,0.0005031363,0.4869892,0.00003495909,0.0001186881,0.00002561239,0.0002499367,0.002459351,0.4958573,0.004585062,0.005478202,0.0008071565],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947321,0.0001170468,0.002995162,0.0008321629,0.00006985109,0.0005911319,0.00003849027,0.00003979716,0.0005842494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977896,0.0004387212,0.0001717214,0.0002940391,0.00006593544,0.00009706774,0.0004341986,0.00003215926,0.0006765341],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4891627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2069363581","doi":"10.1007/s10333-007-0067-9","title":"Rice and the Millennium Development Goals: the International Rice Research Institute’s Strategic Plan 2007–2015","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers; International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Plan (archaeology); Strategic planning; Political science; Agriculture; Regional science; Environmental planning; Business; Geography; Biology; Marketing; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"R. S. Zeigler","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09707231996714198,"gpt":0.2834866231144211,"spread":0.1864143031472791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00206187,0.0000996064,0.00007390827,0.000009668684,0.0007313943,0.0001613369,0.0002218341,0.00004974174,0.0002749721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009902565,0.00002127941,0.0000156344,0.00007289931,0.0002908404,0.0001685781,0.0002107146,0.0002001477,0.00007130757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000276334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002798325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002720852,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001379292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989723,0.00008919846,0.0001898782,0.0002028646,0.0003047837,0.0002409621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995229,0.0003111769,0.00004521047,0.00004668645,0.00002436257,0.00004971137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002701142,0.001595554,0.03895189,0.00009760215,0.001011486,0.0001245184,0.03164108,0.0001416328,0.5468735,0.0323555,0.07342266,0.2710835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002392365,0.00004575676,0.1582902,0.000005951165,0.000008695762,0.00002143868,0.004457058,0.0000143572,0.002977129,0.000782287,0.8330379,0.0001200862],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9708204,0.0006721461,0.000007643499,0.02329008,0.000124481,0.0002140127,0.000005101947,0.000008595216,0.004857538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996705,0.001132826,0.00008887401,0.000537484,0.0002713197,0.00002608388,0.00005205444,5.785099e-7,0.001185804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7596152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5625368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2111215898","doi":"10.1007/s10333-009-0176-8","title":"Synoptic weather typing and typhoon with an application to Chiayi, Taiwan: potential for future climate change impact analysis","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paddy and Water Environment","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Typhoon; Climatology; Environmental science; Climate change; Meteorology; Geography; Oceanography; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Chad Shouquan Cheng","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pao‐Shan Yu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qian Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Guilong Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jung-Lien Chu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007575490085567568,"gpt":0.2207688897956346,"spread":0.2131933997100671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001901092,0.0001582197,0.0001659976,0.00003938567,0.0001649097,0.00003108693,0.00006612973,0.00005872078,0.0002091675],"category_scores_gemma":[5.109624e-7,0.0001012236,0.00004360396,0.00005959416,0.00004772431,0.0001871539,0.00006477915,0.00004632664,0.00002862263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006629145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":6.9608e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006182009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002927759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990256,0.00002160462,0.0001224797,0.0004244153,0.0001066594,0.0002991779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995679,0.000004335179,0.0000294761,0.0002378178,0.000001516242,0.0001589157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004615083,0.002298655,0.2581675,0.0001567124,0.0007445031,0.00001435307,0.03017811,0.176783,0.1853042,0.0006176636,0.00007132987,0.3410489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001498256,0.003035275,0.8704965,0.00001743015,0.001033391,0.00001926486,0.0005372808,0.1156262,0.001510194,0.00165145,0.003686087,0.0008886291],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9852529,0.00004039165,0.0128089,0.001136769,0.00001125499,0.0006274538,0.00003499723,0.0000176723,0.00006963435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996729,0.0001452373,0.002508603,0.0003447833,0.00007351898,0.0001011293,0.0000694992,0.00001031665,0.00001788808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6123291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4127779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}