{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":24,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":24,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"1adfddc19e9d","filters":{"venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments"}},"results":[{"id":"W2085447889","doi":"10.1007/s12549-012-0097-1","title":"‘Glishades ericksoni’, an indeterminate juvenile hadrosaurid from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana: implications for hadrosauroid diversity in the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of western North America","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"American Museum of Natural History","keywords":"Cretaceous; Juvenile; Paleontology; Biology; Cladistics; Zoology; Ecology; Phylogenetic tree","authors":[{"name":"Nicolás E. Campione","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kirstin S. Brink","is_ca":true},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Freedman","is_ca":false},{"name":"Christopher T. McGarrity","is_ca":true},{"name":"David C. Evans","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03224736898534313,"gpt":0.2275020788004611,"spread":0.1952547098151179,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002891895,0.0001382919,0.0002393092,0.000049519,0.0005043626,0.00000596303,0.0004032072,0.00007850296,0.00008377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003224412,0.00009236443,0.00004533634,0.000132989,0.0006513904,0.0004026977,0.00007693011,0.0001289768,0.00001113445],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008569939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007374736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003144264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007003185,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989484,0.0002179913,0.0002428298,0.0001896829,0.0001291316,0.0002719507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989477,0.0004687097,0.0002596719,0.0002299325,0.000015536,0.00007847404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008486603,0.00006299758,0.9910209,0.000009059269,0.00001962299,9.547399e-7,0.005828693,0.0001694308,0.00002605487,0.000002775458,0.0001106243,0.002664026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00060805,0.000216412,0.9957687,0.000007886086,0.00009306602,0.000008681875,0.001556748,0.0003260466,0.000008911064,0.0001622923,0.00114655,0.00009669333],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995286,0.0009391117,0.0002344707,0.000761681,0.00008024183,0.0003214783,0.002257798,0.00000625936,0.0001129561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981346,0.0003992666,0.0001679014,0.000280626,0.0000454078,0.000002822743,0.000962836,0.000001283407,0.000005282159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004747767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4753208,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128450845","doi":"10.1007/s12549-014-0169-5","title":"The Euro-American genus Eopelobates, and a re-definition of the family Pelobatidae (Amphibia, Anura)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Paleontology; Genus; Biology; Holotype; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Zbyněk Roček","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Wuttke","is_ca":false},{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bhart‐Anjan S. Bhullar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01009636246914611,"gpt":0.174362980452447,"spread":0.1642666179833009,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003022084,0.0001720127,0.0001781429,0.00001442004,0.0006856434,0.0000232756,0.000293589,0.00007083742,0.00009991724],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000394629,0.0001087586,0.00006331485,0.0001116257,0.002410191,0.00007331766,0.0006648139,0.0001318343,0.0001379586],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000436063,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003429117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003662622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001048249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986971,0.0002426597,0.0001830155,0.0003577436,0.0002402182,0.0002792356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992193,0.0001289312,0.0002035399,0.0003370169,0.00000342326,0.0001077859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003466108,0.00004050431,0.9805542,0.000006395328,0.00002054662,0.000001187089,0.0005121156,0.000009001044,0.001695054,0.00008487354,0.001542483,0.01549896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003599584,0.0001201306,0.9575467,0.000008313504,0.00003579239,0.000006453804,0.0005472124,0.00007044424,0.0001662756,0.0002940123,0.04069889,0.000145841],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930858,0.0001200122,0.00002942913,0.0005776607,0.0001130235,0.0001998172,0.00005680316,0.00001263768,0.005804842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977843,0.001159754,0.0002591584,0.0005272951,0.0000191111,0.00000280594,0.000009004668,0.000006157259,0.0002324032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0391564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8880448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1992171381","doi":"10.1007/s12549-013-0130-z","title":"Mesozoic and Palaeocene lissamphibian assemblages of North America: a comprehensive review","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Cretaceous; Paleontology; Aptian; Geology; Mesozoic; Sequence (biology); Structural basin; Biology","authors":[{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"David G. DeMar","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03363761237590036,"gpt":0.2501713156627763,"spread":0.2165337032868759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001255472,0.0007309953,0.002165675,0.00009415055,0.0002445572,0.00002061065,0.0004536358,0.0003368585,0.001976573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002530449,0.000592008,0.000336623,0.0002589534,0.001653823,0.0001668506,0.001507247,0.000383959,0.001223958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001056297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001540129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001801782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001801571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970708,0.0003887943,0.0006675515,0.001016624,0.0003537258,0.0005025189],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981004,0.0001826883,0.0007743131,0.00056109,0.000008728624,0.0003727832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004882954,0.0001089219,0.04581229,0.01314444,0.0002117811,0.0000245236,0.000114161,6.899652e-7,0.000002866198,8.159941e-7,0.004969695,0.9356049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002433856,0.0001338388,0.03878053,0.003663247,0.0009717169,0.00004652334,0.00003643969,0.00000192981,8.376346e-7,0.000004225943,0.9555296,0.000587769],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.006443323,0.9912387,0.000004719644,0.00005131912,0.00009367777,0.001352894,0.0003316293,0.00002691328,0.0004568806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003010783,0.9982347,0.0002822281,0.0003535868,0.00002991029,0.00003387672,0.0003367205,0.00002802477,0.0003998782],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9505599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084497837","doi":"10.1007/s12549-011-0061-5","title":"Early Eocene plant diversity and dynamics in the Falkland flora, Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Brandon University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Ecology; Temperate climate; Flora (microbiology); Rarefaction (ecology); Geography; Biogeography; Cenozoic; Southern Hemisphere; Species richness; Biodiversity; Paleobotany; Taxon; Paleontology; Biology; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"Robin Y. Smith","is_ca":true},{"name":"James F. Basinger","is_ca":true},{"name":"David R. Greenwood","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01474508807043268,"gpt":0.1207649338964885,"spread":0.1060198458260558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001637192,0.000108874,0.0001461902,0.000008072075,0.001462855,0.00007592251,0.0002583267,0.00009406804,0.0001572264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005925753,0.00007556557,0.00002661106,0.00008967242,0.0001420737,0.0001677536,0.0005962706,0.0001460326,0.000006497529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000862231,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004850671,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9395499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9830255,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990067,0.00008443728,0.00009785284,0.0002964454,0.0002339103,0.0002806197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999714,0.00006131676,0.0000544798,0.0000505038,0.000006182705,0.0001135366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002687348,0.00005237769,0.996736,0.000005394223,0.00001429273,0.0001349645,0.0006639715,1.585117e-7,0.00000841384,0.000005916461,0.0009696105,0.001381972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003177455,0.0000730305,0.996327,0.00001242503,0.00003148421,0.00002970505,0.001820785,0.00003513699,0.000001540291,0.0000866015,0.001091789,0.0001727332],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973906,0.00006988388,5.546814e-7,0.0001153258,0.0000727294,0.0001534458,0.001689804,0.00001134899,0.000496351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988357,0.0005118713,0.0000105051,0.0002430554,0.00001915237,9.134262e-7,0.0002506909,4.107624e-7,0.0001277338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04347559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2025262268","doi":"10.1007/s12549-011-0058-0","title":"The Miguasha Fossil-Fish-Lagerstätte: a consequence of the Devonian land–sea interactions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"","keywords":"Devonian; Taphonomy; Species richness; Sedimentary depositional environment; Paleontology; Vertebrate; Biodiversity; Assemblage (archaeology); Geology; Ecology; Lagerstätte; Abundance (ecology); Relative species abundance; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Richard Cloutier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Noël Proust","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernadette Tessier","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02529868092867084,"gpt":0.1838158415442308,"spread":0.15851716061556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001960399,0.000133804,0.000129665,0.00002897154,0.001050921,0.00002267765,0.0003848014,0.00007207871,0.0004526117],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001836072,0.00008226326,0.0000948735,0.00009428096,0.0012026,0.0001574862,0.00001667987,0.0001988454,0.00003366628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003416558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001827974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001173654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004528492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990436,0.0001553908,0.000165606,0.0002128751,0.0001682605,0.0002542225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993289,0.000167681,0.0001416754,0.0002535025,0.00000983278,0.00009847772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005543789,0.00001973074,0.9908531,0.000005729068,0.00005141338,0.00001334409,0.0007763435,0.000001809096,0.00001666729,0.00001598906,0.0001811092,0.008009301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002439204,0.00005163482,0.9967941,0.00001318887,0.00004229442,0.00003717901,0.0003832479,0.00004848635,0.0002096685,0.0003290063,0.001744999,0.0001022423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773637,0.000801639,0.00001277196,0.0004395692,0.0002497089,0.0001640785,0.0002370491,0.00001146546,0.02072001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992591,0.0003903476,0.0001249276,0.0001171499,0.00001156881,8.797413e-7,0.000004546188,5.618944e-7,0.0000909587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02189536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.808294,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027926916","doi":"10.1007/s12549-010-0040-2","title":"Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Late Cretaceous of Utah, USA","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"National Park Service; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Harvard University; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cretaceous; Cenomanian; Paleontology; Osteology; Geology; Dorsum; Yixian Formation; Biology; Zoology; Mesozoic; Anatomy; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"Zbyněk Roček","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jeffrey G. Eaton","is_ca":false},{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tomáš Přikryl","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008496789972033137,"gpt":0.1935038761981892,"spread":0.1850070862261561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002967301,0.0001083075,0.0001577052,0.00003666132,0.00008851073,0.000004140697,0.0002536636,0.0001229599,0.0008851308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001572591,0.00008017799,0.00005008737,0.00009852454,0.0008108083,0.00008554217,0.000194548,0.0001684365,0.0001094758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002576058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003232847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003998853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003056936,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991779,0.00009541315,0.0001718273,0.0001901279,0.0001893776,0.0001753996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995478,0.00005832138,0.0001247276,0.0002210613,0.000002003521,0.00004610339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002177901,0.00009360714,0.949607,0.000007455298,0.000006103288,0.000003856531,0.000904784,0.00004399939,0.04842301,0.00002418444,0.00007150762,0.0007927686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003535524,0.00007076466,0.9961604,0.00000469878,0.00001776191,0.000006602682,0.0004260673,0.00006014294,0.00145408,0.0001223656,0.001235835,0.00008772897],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968841,0.00003826977,0.00001640578,0.0000801361,0.00008326824,0.000153668,0.00002708292,0.000003366427,0.002713712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994944,0.00012443,0.0001194609,0.00004714356,0.000008521044,0.000001436338,0.000005696823,0.000002437906,0.0001964324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04696893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9691561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038381419","doi":"10.1007/s12549-013-0113-0","title":"A new turtle from the Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Changma Basin, Gansu Province, P. R. China","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Carapace; Cretaceous; Paleontology; Turtle (robot); Biology; Juvenile; Geology; Zoology; Ecology; Crustacean","authors":[{"name":"Donald B. Brinkman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chong-Xi Yuan","is_ca":false},{"name":"Qiang Ji","is_ca":false},{"name":"Daqing Li","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hai‐Lu You","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007787443148032408,"gpt":0.1508085986111676,"spread":0.1430211554631352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001054385,0.0001378165,0.0001678628,0.00003098427,0.0003151644,0.00001847878,0.000229584,0.0001298085,0.004514212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001299418,0.00009893366,0.00005095167,0.00005778221,0.0002717255,0.0003740534,0.00004410541,0.0001333763,0.0009126502],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005242349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001507969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01190396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001535017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991125,0.0001244548,0.0001558614,0.0002245315,0.0001420951,0.0002405233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994795,0.0001034806,0.0001192884,0.0001751075,0.00000751508,0.0001150488],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004085409,0.0000124594,0.9827592,0.000005256207,0.00003155668,0.000002231842,0.0007159282,0.00001395828,0.00005452397,0.000004764054,0.002978366,0.01338084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003972015,0.0001081604,0.9937549,0.000008572252,0.00003607203,0.000006937691,0.0001595838,0.0003562591,0.00007706753,0.0005971673,0.004382619,0.0001154483],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995251,0.001060868,0.0002856837,0.0009546583,0.0001389921,0.0002900084,0.0003587871,0.00001551884,0.001644476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980636,0.000520167,0.0004524145,0.0002478255,0.0000593839,9.38144e-7,0.0002557327,0.000001241091,0.0003986978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01326539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2471143728","doi":"10.1007/s12549-012-0110-8","title":"A new species of Sinemys (Testudines: Cryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Cretaceous; Carapace; Paleontology; Genus; Biology; Geology; Zoology; Crustacean","authors":[{"name":"Haiyan Tong","is_ca":false},{"name":"Donald B. Brinkman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01365865562998887,"gpt":0.1720807590310305,"spread":0.1584221034010416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001684222,0.0001744059,0.0002830302,0.00004009831,0.0002238113,0.000005788984,0.0002563142,0.0001389003,0.002960795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003496348,0.0001247323,0.00007665838,0.0001042586,0.0006334997,0.0001986985,0.0000727316,0.0001399833,0.0001921761],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000413101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001253926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004322837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003100084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989418,0.0001293812,0.0002247385,0.0002112349,0.0001791108,0.0003136969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999244,0.0002207727,0.0001774224,0.0002074503,0.000009369208,0.000141013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000103686,0.00004368897,0.9949408,0.000007137934,0.00009281169,0.000002151572,0.001517596,0.00002975194,0.0001652822,0.00002423482,0.0009144386,0.002158468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004693788,0.0001096634,0.9953343,0.00001019619,0.00008982559,0.00000447342,0.000270022,0.0000286312,0.0001127075,0.0001987052,0.003240958,0.0001311893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914672,0.004671059,0.00009465573,0.0002897536,0.0002280667,0.0001332711,0.0004591024,0.000009889293,0.002647046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980299,0.000802861,0.0005494697,0.00007711632,0.0001144791,2.897545e-7,0.0001120964,0.000001546186,0.0003122584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006562727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2185060381","doi":"10.1007/s12549-015-0202-3","title":"Ericek, a new Pliocene vertebrate locality in the Çameli Basin (southwestern Anatolia, Turkey)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu; Universiteit Utrecht","keywords":"Fauna; Type locality; Paleontology; Biology; Ecology; Geology; Taxonomy (biology)","authors":[{"name":"Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende","is_ca":false},{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lysanne van Bennekom","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mehmet Cihat Alçiçek","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alison M. Murray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Frank P. Wesselingh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hülya Alçiçek","is_ca":false},{"name":"А. С. Тесаков","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04207757009244379,"gpt":0.2035980138217093,"spread":0.1615204437292655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004470514,0.0001989358,0.0002305528,0.0000701703,0.0002596313,0.00004522095,0.0002856306,0.0001102371,0.0003521167],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003051656,0.0001497285,0.00004909073,0.0001888829,0.0003261564,0.0001992116,0.00005384352,0.000214485,0.0007604528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001332875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002934111,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008155672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01392861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985309,0.0002682605,0.000183463,0.000353859,0.0003036147,0.0003599512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993522,0.00009798227,0.00007578429,0.0002173746,0.000009001873,0.0002476421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006272393,0.0000309176,0.9918837,0.000006189157,0.00002325528,0.00004067793,0.002970033,0.0001272873,3.282714e-7,0.000008148429,0.002878074,0.001968699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001086397,0.00008755448,0.9814802,0.000008020405,0.00003388082,0.0000156969,0.003163097,0.0005312687,0.000002127297,0.0002948869,0.01311472,0.0001821285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906224,0.001269221,0.00005726827,0.001419988,0.0002132137,0.0002005036,0.0001308409,0.00002189224,0.006064646],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975923,0.000394402,0.0001534541,0.001499506,0.00004365301,6.631788e-7,0.00006799339,0.000001586134,0.0002464362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01040344,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2120806785","doi":"10.1007/s12549-009-0010-8","title":"Historical biogeography of the genus Chamaecyparis (Cupressaceae, Coniferales) based on its fossil record","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; East Tennessee State University; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Chamaecyparis; Beringia; Paleogene; Neogene; Cupressaceae; Land bridge; Paleontology; Northern Hemisphere; Pleistocene; Geography; Biogeography; Holarctic; Early Pleistocene; Geology; Genus; Biological dispersal; Ecology; Cretaceous; Climatology; Biology; Demography","authors":[{"name":"Yu‐Sheng Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Barbara Mohr","is_ca":false},{"name":"James F. Basinger","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02308497866332153,"gpt":0.1653798314066411,"spread":0.1422948527433195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001150752,0.000152037,0.0001817486,0.00002361132,0.0004863671,0.00001611176,0.000278697,0.000135184,0.0002381828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001528883,0.00006881665,0.0001513614,0.0001703221,0.0001023402,0.00009019871,0.00008851045,0.0001381049,0.00004319215],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006663701,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002902417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001766403,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002457876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989729,0.00009380149,0.0001369376,0.0002867246,0.0002811102,0.0002285074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999597,0.00007326815,0.000125659,0.00008553784,0.00001268275,0.0001058228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001604097,0.0002696134,0.9786957,0.000006995392,0.00001645543,0.000004859616,0.00006215891,0.00002536834,0.005060473,0.00002115635,0.00360929,0.01206754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003248718,0.0002879296,0.9515644,0.00002143908,0.00003771006,0.000001272418,0.00003529025,0.0001146226,0.0006973442,0.00004422644,0.04672223,0.000148691],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967246,0.0001560351,0.000002557682,0.001554355,0.0001518294,0.0001703687,0.0002853815,0.00002144046,0.0009334028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990588,0.0002677155,0.00002644805,0.0003999215,0.00003341673,7.681587e-7,0.00002340671,3.343847e-7,0.000189168],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04311294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3740792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969999583","doi":"10.1007/s12549-013-0132-x","title":"“Mesozoic and Cenozoic lissamphibian and squamate assemblages of Laurasia”—introduction to the special issue","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Laurasia; Paleontology; Supercontinent; Cretaceous; Mesozoic; Geology; Squamata; Cenozoic; Tectonics; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Randall L. Nydam","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005307771385545136,"gpt":0.1788649013684393,"spread":0.1735571299828941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001768756,0.0001766852,0.0001934012,0.00003734761,0.000321317,0.00003551237,0.0001445628,0.0001033922,0.003586943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001836293,0.0001319215,0.0000300506,0.00008148715,0.0006726145,0.0001789896,0.0005223332,0.000104405,0.0007899287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003516362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001769309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003032207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006188435,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988707,0.00009325942,0.000164096,0.0004397566,0.0001706268,0.000261531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994646,0.00003870322,0.00008831958,0.0002189694,0.000003647832,0.0001857972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002945866,0.00005596384,0.939087,0.00001704187,0.0000246954,0.000002418044,0.00150404,0.00002007691,0.005904358,0.00001326456,0.0305455,0.02279618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003089879,0.0001285694,0.9116921,0.000005674548,0.00002998212,0.00001829577,0.0006055134,0.00002806438,0.0005856426,0.00005471366,0.08638471,0.0001576882],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933719,0.00008254423,0.00001364208,0.00466133,0.0001793132,0.0004023201,0.00002435899,0.00001137707,0.00125321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970418,0.000576595,0.0002156513,0.0003610627,0.0005466989,0.000005678687,0.00001050802,0.000006457219,0.001235571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05583921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2029510303","doi":"10.1007/s12549-014-0162-z","title":"Reply to “Ichthyosaur embryos outside the mother body: not due to carcass explosion but to carcass implosion” by van Loon (2013)","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Implosion; Paleontology; Geology; Taphonomy; Biology; Anatomy; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Achim G. Reisdorf","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gail S. Anderson","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lynne Bell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christian Klug","is_ca":false},{"name":"Annette Schmid‐Röhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans–Joachim Röhl","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael G. Jung","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael Wuttke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael W. Maisch","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mark Benecke","is_ca":false},{"name":"D. Wyler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roman Bux","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Fornaro","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andreas Wetzel","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01121598437559406,"gpt":0.1839878967682542,"spread":0.1727719123926601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005419831,0.0003399901,0.0003644152,0.0001185804,0.0009079705,0.00004067289,0.0005531113,0.0002006694,0.001364744],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007208203,0.0002652924,0.00008607007,0.0001537604,0.0002143374,0.0001677339,0.0002207258,0.0002463484,0.005142035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002712113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001280022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003941431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001584833,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974594,0.0003941287,0.0002735518,0.0008242397,0.0003402509,0.0007084661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849,0.0002235155,0.00008901911,0.0005333463,0.00001958743,0.000644486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003997728,0.00004810977,0.9514106,0.000009923372,0.00004817907,0.00002496987,0.0009737791,0.0004245578,0.001743339,0.000008588405,0.03972476,0.005183425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004489961,0.0004915969,0.8595055,0.00001369013,0.000049905,0.00003248656,0.0003377166,0.0002122354,0.0004379385,0.00009510343,0.1380198,0.000355043],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9848156,0.0001552009,0.0006573128,0.01076051,0.0004281481,0.0006303884,0.0008779397,0.00004780255,0.001627112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810578,0.00009260277,0.0003850042,0.0170156,0.000114727,0.00000873822,0.0001697158,0.000006472382,0.001149394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09829503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995562116","doi":"10.1007/s12549-013-0123-y","title":"Did fire play a role in formation of dinosaur-rich deposits? An example from the Late Cretaceous of Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Royal Holloway, University of London","keywords":"Geology; Vertebrate; Charcoal; Taphonomy; Cretaceous; Paleontology; Outcrop; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Sarah A. Brown","is_ca":false},{"name":"Margaret E. Collinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrew C. Scott","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007293602906146661,"gpt":0.1528757000388817,"spread":0.1455820971327351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001713005,0.0001537261,0.0002216149,0.00001665143,0.0001527938,0.00001553836,0.0002981283,0.00007460701,0.0005748519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009878595,0.0001268595,0.00002801834,0.000101664,0.0001450658,0.0004116987,0.0002727559,0.0001071203,0.00004817398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001449438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008617686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7778212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3726629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987465,0.0001535448,0.0002640302,0.0002367661,0.000350429,0.0002487003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992498,0.0001443197,0.0001993184,0.0003000912,0.000003550416,0.0001029628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001772185,0.00006832447,0.9879926,0.00001236651,0.00001323277,0.000002998943,0.003700282,0.0003624865,0.005645071,4.913221e-7,0.0002844611,0.00189997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005427649,0.00006723578,0.9883193,0.00002201078,0.00002067575,0.000001644327,0.0009487036,0.005310291,0.004356977,0.00003970004,0.0002327374,0.0001379985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988757,0.00008421879,0.0000134391,0.00006207119,0.00004874271,0.0004572301,0.0000962767,0.000006147505,0.0003561179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996799,0.00005276245,0.00006987199,0.00007871584,0.000006265938,0.000009624146,0.00004584847,0.000005354942,0.00005171117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4051584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6387844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2281339652","doi":"10.1007/s12549-015-0225-9","title":"Turtle remains from the Wadi Milk Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Northern Sudan","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Cretaceous; Wadi; Paleontology; Turtle (robot); Bioturbation; Geology; Taxon; Fauna; Littoral zone; Outcrop; Cenomanian; Ecology; Geography; Biology; Sediment; Oceanography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Nicole Klein","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Bussert","is_ca":false},{"name":"David C. Evans","is_ca":true},{"name":"Khalaf Allah O. Salih","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Eisawi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mutwakil Nafi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Johannes Müller","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01110320283049429,"gpt":0.162258050845923,"spread":0.1511548480154287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001511059,0.0001128433,0.0001369995,0.00002375901,0.0002737906,0.000005115978,0.0001955324,0.0001124496,0.001662358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002269365,0.00006392215,0.00005227423,0.00003761896,0.0004854859,0.0001963863,0.00003599667,0.00007041743,0.0006473713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007075556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007399582,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005672387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005034132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991778,0.0001423138,0.0001427753,0.0002053716,0.0001230643,0.0002086508],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993883,0.0002564211,0.00009809521,0.0001776975,0.000008585458,0.00007089047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000698403,0.00001201746,0.9928975,0.000002885106,0.00003262463,0.000003173591,0.0004286316,0.000007527807,0.0001932071,0.000006496777,0.0003071061,0.006039067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004385236,0.00006316183,0.9903476,0.0000117857,0.0000332223,0.000007280215,0.0002210289,0.00007061115,0.0001208609,0.0004694835,0.008118772,0.00009767856],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954306,0.0008386953,0.0001305133,0.00117014,0.0001292871,0.0001073347,0.0008751196,0.00001110962,0.001307129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99837,0.0009699648,0.0001180506,0.0001935509,0.00003798463,3.058063e-7,0.000155499,0.00000101381,0.0001536106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007811666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2985351911","doi":"10.1007/s12549-019-00400-8","title":"Depositional environments and landscapes of the upper Miocene Ipururo Formation at Shumanza, Subandean Zone, northern Peru","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; HEC Montréal","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Geographic Society","keywords":"Geology; Paleontology; Facies; Neogene; Sedimentary depositional environment; Pollen; Late Miocene; Paleoecology; Biostratigraphy; Sedimentary rock; Paleobotany; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Augustin Feussom Tcheumeleu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Séverine Fauquette","is_ca":false},{"name":"Angélica Aliaga Castillo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Camila Martínez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Federico Moreno","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rosa E. Navarrete","is_ca":false},{"name":"Francisco Javier Parra","is_ca":false},{"name":"Frank P. Wesselingh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rodolfo Salas‐Gismondi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rafael Varas-Malca","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martín Roddaz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pierre‐Olivier Antoine","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005693859389465183,"gpt":0.1298851575384806,"spread":0.1241912981490154,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007762221,0.0001209259,0.0001228019,0.00001081592,0.0004455677,0.0000152262,0.0001334402,0.00008713624,0.0003849641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002451582,0.00005729719,0.00006019706,0.00004266479,0.0001038651,0.0002045746,0.0003166277,0.00007058164,0.0001224842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004431822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001165905,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009663685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002458294,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992172,0.00005316628,0.0001095544,0.0002169043,0.0002355999,0.0001676115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997362,0.00003827292,0.00009896518,0.00005589395,0.000004437628,0.00006615222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005471161,0.00004835325,0.9802926,0.00001078213,0.00001769935,8.315026e-7,0.0002093769,0.00001645958,0.01840574,0.000004971844,0.00007034467,0.0008681574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003836497,0.00006736594,0.9946443,0.00001731697,0.00003542678,0.00001160585,0.0001866151,0.0001009603,0.001425116,0.00001810341,0.002989759,0.0001197449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988415,0.0001084306,0.000002390167,0.000191677,0.00005202536,0.0001786452,0.0004096299,0.000006277628,0.0002094692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988816,0.0003738379,0.00001378719,0.00009785666,0.00001611166,8.482809e-7,0.0002214524,5.330848e-7,0.0003940186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01698062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4215087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982628543","doi":"10.1007/s12549-014-0153-0","title":"Mineralogy of cheilostome bryozoans across the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in Mississippi, USA","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Aragonite; Calcite; Geology; Carbonate compensation depth; Paleontology; Biomineralization; Geochemistry; Mineralogy","authors":[{"name":"Paul D. Taylor","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noël P. James","is_ca":true},{"name":"George E. Phillips","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008404741153033113,"gpt":0.2009189473211009,"spread":0.1925142061680678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005738984,0.0001997954,0.0002651426,0.00003291745,0.0004421951,0.00001712988,0.0003744159,0.0001385757,0.003167787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006965738,0.0001624872,0.00006781745,0.0001416767,0.001476768,0.0001741524,0.0007539366,0.0002120214,0.0004072413],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009188915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004983433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006180062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001170222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984961,0.0001668162,0.0002466094,0.0003924897,0.0002773757,0.0004206422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993317,0.0001104583,0.0001308981,0.0003140172,0.000004663382,0.0001082628],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004005037,0.0001187526,0.9941984,0.00001313779,0.00001674498,0.000005743741,0.0009449503,0.00006673232,0.001037702,0.00004051697,0.001086378,0.002430876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007076084,0.0000948363,0.9558588,0.000007857168,0.00001734775,0.000007975165,0.0001928737,0.0000878996,0.0006237323,0.0002525291,0.04197969,0.0001688996],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856303,0.00005803816,0.00002295617,0.0006506692,0.0001154146,0.0001715247,0.00003679572,0.000007789134,0.01330651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980239,0.0002527216,0.0001286926,0.0005653462,0.00002595995,0.000004828756,0.00001094443,0.000005746371,0.000981823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04089331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9977434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2972790487","doi":"10.1007/s12549-019-00393-4","title":"Evaluating tectonic models for the formation of the North American Cordillera using multivariate statistical analysis of Late Triassic conodont faunas","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Terrane; Conodont; Geology; Paleontology; Fauna; Tectonics; Biostratigraphy; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Martyn L. Golding","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05276728135857562,"gpt":0.2612914193920527,"spread":0.2085241380334771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003583817,0.0001089513,0.0002736474,0.00004588149,0.0002327446,0.00001824179,0.0003977888,0.00003020122,0.0000241015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004183143,0.00007256646,0.0001152899,0.0003074805,0.0001930267,0.0001523933,0.0003648843,0.00008109806,0.000001475781],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003039282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001442868,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001344874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001094332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990106,0.0001122462,0.0002401978,0.0002364364,0.0002286826,0.0001718063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987696,0.0003852517,0.000408456,0.0003643486,0.00003901997,0.00003334743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009114467,0.00009254528,0.4493004,0.0000920512,0.0007291864,3.98871e-7,0.002701355,0.5358406,0.003008061,0.0002993727,0.000007123591,0.007837654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004297511,0.00004917053,0.2805255,0.000007392974,0.0003386209,3.339062e-7,0.0001268811,0.7179052,0.0004149582,0.0001189926,0.00001807264,0.00006515215],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.822027,0.00001488302,0.1773155,0.0001000232,0.00003906304,0.0003363155,0.000109854,0.000005154395,0.00005219194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938679,0.00002171914,0.006011402,0.00004257355,0.000003101115,0.000003362503,0.00001504537,0.000001093991,0.0000337998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1820645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2959174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083107542","doi":"10.1007/s12549-015-0188-x","title":"Pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) cranial remains from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Scollard Formation of Alberta, Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Paleontology; Cretaceous; Geology; Geography; Biodiversity; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"David C. Evans","is_ca":true},{"name":"Matthew J. Vavrek","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hans C. E. Larsson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01398020262280374,"gpt":0.1628622991919931,"spread":0.1488820965691894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002127218,0.0001686984,0.0002206494,0.00002908918,0.000366898,0.0000121635,0.0002542741,0.0001429058,0.0004864046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007096834,0.0001293671,0.00004099068,0.00009201859,0.0003265051,0.0002062754,0.00005145845,0.0001745022,0.0001378764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002354673,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001121689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3662044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.852581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987472,0.0002323944,0.0002170209,0.000253527,0.000265059,0.0002847579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991168,0.0003193935,0.0001600368,0.0001929652,0.00001955314,0.000191244],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001511697,0.00001724728,0.9943,0.000004869455,0.00004440769,0.00002138311,0.0006389427,0.0003907607,0.000005994938,0.000003115769,0.004036953,0.000385168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007893367,0.0001102149,0.9877298,0.00000845972,0.00008034497,0.00002964432,0.0007313968,0.0006721801,0.00002265694,0.0001686224,0.00950485,0.0001525177],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937549,0.0009420393,0.00003532343,0.001167259,0.0003973725,0.000182377,0.001083507,0.000008479837,0.002428781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984151,0.000236625,0.0001569345,0.0003717033,0.00007717522,5.536328e-7,0.0006529583,0.0000015189,0.00008750022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4863767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6380162,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4311131660","doi":"10.1007/s12549-022-00569-5","title":"Lagomorpha (Mammalia) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene locality of Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Université de Bordeaux; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conseil Régional Aquitaine; Ministère des relations internationales et de la Francophonie","keywords":"Genus; Pleistocene; Vertebrate; Paleontology; Postcrania; Plio-Pleistocene; Biology; Biological dispersal; Type locality; Zoology; Geography; Taxon","authors":[{"name":"Şevket Şen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Denis Geraads","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02533423423435336,"gpt":0.2014246526301401,"spread":0.1760904183957868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003051095,0.0001804181,0.0002503569,0.00004207614,0.0005616903,0.0000164697,0.0002811844,0.00009742544,0.001110924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004153014,0.0001389156,0.00008000361,0.0001896812,0.0007256145,0.000110073,0.0001041736,0.0001547511,0.0008699918],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006673741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001094229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002997058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005764617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986514,0.0001585848,0.0002080221,0.0003547149,0.0003018271,0.0003254003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990907,0.0004022336,0.0001209274,0.0002546314,0.00001277549,0.0001187778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006364961,0.00001847569,0.9889604,0.000008047784,0.0000891138,0.00001581974,0.0004815935,0.00009959056,0.00001415867,0.00001194391,0.007633309,0.002603839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005694474,0.0000614243,0.9804021,0.00001008549,0.00006047566,0.000002091053,0.0009192436,0.0005146732,0.00004466249,0.0001939189,0.01706992,0.0001519747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938781,0.0009004943,0.00002656621,0.001786021,0.0002993852,0.0001726536,0.001480156,0.00004705399,0.001409589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967479,0.001776449,0.00007689856,0.0007654912,0.00003664041,9.247646e-7,0.000368228,0.000002003307,0.0002254406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009436611,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999908,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4389568911","doi":"10.1007/s12549-023-00596-w","title":"Early Cretaceous Equisetites from Slovakia","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Culture, Multiculturalism and Status of Women, Government of Alberta; Universitatea din București; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave; Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV; Agentúra Ministerstva Školstva, Vedy, Výskumu a Športu SR; Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky; Slovenská Akadémia Vied","keywords":"Cretaceous; Massif; Geology; Mesozoic; Paleontology; Biodiversity; Habitat; Structural basin; Sedimentation; Earth science; Ecology; Sediment; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Jiřı́ Kvaček","is_ca":false},{"name":"Andrej Čerňanský","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01645801588099268,"gpt":0.1839015355858303,"spread":0.1674435197048376,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001357881,0.0001737779,0.0001849601,0.00009607773,0.000461559,0.00004928774,0.0002082292,0.000138796,0.001091339],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001283785,0.0001669689,0.00007117167,0.0001566643,0.0003193349,0.0002085843,0.00001481245,0.0001515477,0.001907522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002110184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006044759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009302154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002927335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988137,0.00007748226,0.0001326427,0.0003852788,0.0002167542,0.0003741025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994008,0.0001593268,0.00005884192,0.0001799252,0.000004454944,0.0001966411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000370716,0.000008390791,0.9736565,0.000004263689,0.00005044969,0.00007740733,0.0004683264,0.00001429172,0.00005268826,0.000003917915,0.0005726383,0.02505407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004130279,0.00007647825,0.9966753,0.000007621683,0.00003792959,0.000002965278,0.0001738246,0.0002743335,0.00004096852,0.0006885725,0.001409415,0.0001996038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9840404,0.001452468,0.00001047874,0.0001569608,0.0002129653,0.0001083011,0.0007512522,0.0001420183,0.01312511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986705,0.000700481,0.0002033199,0.00007946209,0.00004437084,5.511188e-7,0.0001737459,8.884061e-7,0.0001267193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02485446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4397039385","doi":"10.1007/s12549-024-00606-5","title":"A dance fly (Empididae: Hilarempis Bezzi) from the Foulden Maar Fossil-Lagerstätte (Early Miocene, New Zealand)","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Diptera species taxonomy and behavior","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency","funders":"Marsden Fund; Royal Society Te Apārangi; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Otago","keywords":"Maar; Paleontology; Lagerstätte; Geology; Dance; Biodiversity; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Uwe Kaulfuß","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bradley J. Sinclair","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01833452459413678,"gpt":0.1780573079187254,"spread":0.1597227833245886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411431,0.000298188,0.0002319407,0.00001365442,0.0005934484,0.0003737427,0.0004886714,0.0001698152,0.002075769],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009882592,0.0001267081,0.0001677247,0.0001820396,0.0002281868,0.0003533952,0.0003362719,0.0002807264,0.0007679021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005368773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009192935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002098787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003583774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982947,0.00008952587,0.0002050303,0.00065242,0.0003320749,0.0004262665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992905,0.0002363004,0.00006721381,0.0001537861,0.000007704029,0.0002444557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005698018,0.00007220038,0.7890139,0.00000595167,0.00008453828,0.00006923357,0.0008636821,8.060677e-7,0.00294825,0.00001674199,0.02921555,0.1776522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001737045,0.00007855828,0.5707783,0.00003454288,0.00008355577,0.000003565064,0.0001812376,0.000007266106,0.0002448882,0.00007401134,0.4281401,0.0002003052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926187,0.001528268,0.000008259334,0.003790324,0.0003726933,0.0003003722,0.0009031753,0.00009664055,0.0003815588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927518,0.0009302687,0.0001354712,0.0006685255,0.000450806,0.000008584795,0.0001767336,0.000002229605,0.004875523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3989246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411665210","doi":"10.1007/s12549-025-00659-0","title":"Anurans from the Early Miocene of Chamtwara (western Kenya), and the first fossil record for Arthroleptidae (Afrobatrachia, Ranoidea)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Étrangères","keywords":"Paleontology; Fossil Record; Geology; Biodiversity; Late Miocene; Geography; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Alfred Lemierre","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martín Pickford","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brigitte Senut","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dominique Gommery","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006886583033735579,"gpt":0.1835273104714453,"spread":0.1766407274377097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002902538,0.0002066708,0.0002921634,0.00001912928,0.0006476989,0.00002870117,0.0003313095,0.0001385364,0.0002012891],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002102922,0.0001285057,0.000117283,0.0000745341,0.002015012,0.00009547717,0.000423321,0.0001353717,0.00005221074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003274757,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004698764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001150476,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006204473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988101,0.0001112496,0.0002366597,0.0004318026,0.0001438952,0.0002663315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990596,0.0003928082,0.0001446764,0.0003326308,0.000003722547,0.00006660401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003708375,0.00004943364,0.9889787,0.00001195821,0.00008529622,0.000001053827,0.001482381,0.00001202553,0.0001774938,0.00002558188,0.0009753124,0.007829876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002994854,0.00007971419,0.9687278,0.00002606989,0.00012759,0.000001171516,0.0003027712,0.00006350763,0.0001469453,0.0005592083,0.02682856,0.0001417648],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946833,0.0007044774,0.000368731,0.002519768,0.000170543,0.0006420981,0.0002782742,0.0000124061,0.0006203661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967582,0.001288166,0.0002349649,0.0009050709,0.00003215648,0.00001672605,0.00001922138,0.00000559418,0.0007398844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02585325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7424396,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411744321","doi":"10.1007/s12549-025-00663-4","title":"Reidentification of the holotype of ‘Ceratodus’ hieroglyphus Cope from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana, USA, as the scale of a holostean fish","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cretaceous; Holotype; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biodiversity; Scale (ratio); Paleontology; Geology; Geography; Fishery; Ecology; Cartography; Biology; Taxonomy (biology)","authors":[{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Donald B. Brinkman","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alison M. Murray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008005899309202709,"gpt":0.1801665693116332,"spread":0.1721606700024305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002894727,0.0001101944,0.0002345924,0.0000307492,0.000273009,0.0000045644,0.0004976039,0.0001323215,0.0005599361],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005076678,0.00006407827,0.00009631905,0.0001493038,0.001482312,0.00006675078,0.00009383492,0.0001412689,0.00002977577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000047786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002388356,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004120075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003115353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988726,0.0003212054,0.0002810032,0.0002126027,0.0001713033,0.0001412343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989142,0.0003323535,0.0003016958,0.0003980543,0.00002533033,0.00002835972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000176473,0.00003914331,0.9966725,0.00001480114,0.0000981908,6.065263e-7,0.0007195544,0.00007647889,0.0005047981,0.00002625331,0.000604693,0.001066536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003203798,0.00008054288,0.9957387,0.00002877006,0.0001353093,0.000003221747,0.000652758,0.00008281537,0.001481053,0.0003965537,0.001024048,0.00005578445],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945825,0.001241729,0.000007079379,0.0009258483,0.00019641,0.0002355533,0.001014608,0.000002376016,0.001793909],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987998,0.0005800117,0.00004380936,0.0001853182,0.000008575039,6.275089e-7,0.00006873138,8.738868e-7,0.000312247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004217319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6228349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411665233","doi":"10.1007/s12549-025-00665-2","title":"Introduction to the special issue “Festschrift for Márton Venczel”","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments","topic":"Collembola Taxonomy and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true},{"name":"Zoltán Szentesi","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009108646430175239,"gpt":0.1832810983002203,"spread":0.1741724518700451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000171633,0.000108588,0.0001289609,0.00001337086,0.001042236,0.00003008502,0.0001589084,0.00006641718,0.0006474554],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000389923,0.00004666039,0.00005414257,0.000128049,0.00009825343,0.00005624844,0.0002203589,0.00007092366,0.0001812723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002420425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002337249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003892656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004337782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992884,0.00003725822,0.00009813229,0.000302336,0.00006467511,0.0002091346],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997268,0.0001226218,0.00003360449,0.00005778866,0.00001071271,0.00004844856],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002158932,0.000113736,0.3305925,0.00001230216,0.00009167713,0.000001147408,0.00039258,0.0000174254,0.000691749,0.0001873073,0.5566037,0.1110801],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001170334,0.0000757257,0.3750899,0.000002290027,0.00002508556,3.599631e-7,0.0004531786,0.00000348499,0.0001036395,0.00005477206,0.6240152,0.00005936883],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9323944,0.0001024112,0.00002391221,0.06321573,0.001050159,0.0007448119,0.0001460419,0.0000217169,0.002300817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814355,0.0003709719,0.0001746742,0.00310809,0.00697408,0.00009332038,0.00007769088,6.397509e-7,0.007764991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1110207,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.801614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}