{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":149,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":149,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"67de43d77a71","filters":{"venue":"Palaeontology"}},"results":[{"id":"W2089680322","doi":"10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x","title":"The first named Ediacaran body fossil, <i>Aspidella Terranovica</i>","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":262,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Paleontology; Geology; Precambrian; Trace fossil; Benthic zone; Macrofossil","authors":[{"name":"James G. Gehlîng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Guy M. Narbonne","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael M. Anderson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008131165313094192,"gpt":0.2062402105719403,"spread":0.1981090452588461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003762945,0.0002317625,0.0003049001,0.00004890809,0.0010258,0.00006263906,0.0005743746,0.0002379412,0.002460811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004803941,0.0001537623,0.0001580742,0.0001903897,0.0007702434,0.0001247462,0.000001680172,0.0003138417,0.0004920267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002440494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005435822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001364757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08457697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981099,0.0001788145,0.0003776371,0.0003970546,0.0001925599,0.0007440385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986647,0.0006410232,0.0000850545,0.0004098385,0.00002732152,0.0001720137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001340297,0.00001404195,0.5342994,0.000004612094,0.00004496674,0.00004131013,0.0001922279,0.0000179428,0.000005306548,0.0002688854,0.003138114,0.4618391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003657255,0.0001350207,0.8257813,0.00000489909,0.00001960763,0.0001000334,0.0000379402,0.0005957981,0.00001594283,0.001663651,0.171106,0.0001740899],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3830993,0.02407162,0.00002406163,0.005830923,0.0009545485,0.0002549518,0.00003255872,0.0001244723,0.5856076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979556,0.0007486836,0.0001220977,0.0004527211,0.0002255338,0.000008048321,0.000009409725,0.000001672651,0.0004762787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6148562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984511,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2157312423","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00746.x","title":"THE OLDEST HORSESHOE CRAB: A NEW XIPHOSURID FROM LATE ORDOVICIAN KONSERVAT‐LAGERSTÄTTEN DEPOSITS, MANITOBA, CANADA","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada; Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Horseshoe crab; Telson; Lagerstätte; Ordovician; Paleozoic; Paleontology; Geology; Crustacean; Biology; Decapoda; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"David M. Rudkin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Graham A. Young","is_ca":false},{"name":"Godfrey S. Nowlan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03697116822102345,"gpt":0.1628060877516896,"spread":0.1258349195306662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008787165,0.0002028975,0.0002441522,0.00003639963,0.0009943346,0.00004519946,0.0005667405,0.0001190454,0.001174652],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004369007,0.0001554793,0.00007080763,0.0001523029,0.000207924,0.0001230907,0.00002736469,0.0002295304,0.0004277429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002372805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005019723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9774011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9994553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985185,0.0001393632,0.0002304841,0.0003438012,0.0002191882,0.0005487135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987693,0.0004879229,0.0001024445,0.000335213,0.0000313638,0.0002737582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007173703,0.000005802929,0.9680827,0.000001665214,0.00005683307,0.0005350542,0.0001731085,0.00003229188,0.000003032434,0.000008765815,0.01594103,0.01508793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003184773,0.00004161519,0.8429842,0.000003910516,0.00002532621,0.00008080088,0.0002492799,0.0001868643,0.00002172063,0.0001021405,0.1558057,0.0001799381],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841136,0.001787204,0.00003802692,0.003398494,0.001167338,0.0001666516,0.0001284629,0.00005113181,0.009149041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958313,0.0002254672,0.0003949914,0.002457805,0.0002270611,0.000001062257,0.0001399406,0.000003661694,0.000718766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1398647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2102369866","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x","title":"New anomalocaridid appendages from the Burgess Shale, Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":112,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Appendage; Taxon; Paleontology; Genus; Taphonomy; Geology; Ridge; Geography; Biology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Allison C. Daley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Graham E. Budd","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007071147433917028,"gpt":0.1883652743064168,"spread":0.1812941268724997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001467515,0.0001672038,0.0002270091,0.0000231912,0.0002875509,0.0000304048,0.0005651831,0.0001752612,0.003537435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008047321,0.0001120416,0.00005961109,0.0001065734,0.0002092878,0.00008348225,0.000003068032,0.0004727022,0.00004209969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000152831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005300264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9484197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9989643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998798,0.000103631,0.0002011789,0.000310645,0.0001617155,0.0004248152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986563,0.0006863552,0.00007954053,0.0003563315,0.0000215775,0.0001999138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001754496,0.000002359802,0.8435978,8.739258e-7,0.00002960517,0.0000517004,0.00008982409,0.000001099914,0.00004486631,0.000431773,0.00737523,0.1483573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001876565,0.00002510626,0.9815586,0.000002003309,0.00001848519,0.00005724702,0.00008415246,0.000117723,0.00006808282,0.00198188,0.01575398,0.000145043],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8878795,0.005246108,0.0001476562,0.004306761,0.002783997,0.0001260892,0.0001644272,0.00004403451,0.09930141],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981745,0.00002334951,0.0007667123,0.0004905962,0.0003597204,9.982903e-7,0.00003909181,0.000001001722,0.0001439745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1482123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1536342710","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01024.x","title":"Effaced preservation in the Ediacara biota and its implications for the early macrofossil record","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":109,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; British Geological Survey; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Paleontology; Macrofossil; Geology; Biota; Taphonomy; Ecology; Biology; Holocene","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Duncan McIlroy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan B. Antcliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin D. Brasier","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02822370377149967,"gpt":0.2660420499699847,"spread":0.237818346198485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005110718,0.00009364204,0.0001207277,0.00004637694,0.0003293313,0.00003819212,0.0003511272,0.0001533908,0.00004082954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001945586,0.00005300493,0.00004074785,0.0001421999,0.0001859539,0.0001342557,0.000001926246,0.0002643013,0.000005456813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.079447e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002666489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001344234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1476751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991996,0.0001094758,0.0001735781,0.0002044065,0.00005253105,0.0002603725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981247,0.001511706,0.00006961153,0.000222003,0.00003331818,0.00003867938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003067644,0.000006404922,0.8778358,0.000004103411,0.000009681486,5.335368e-7,0.0004466342,0.000001105528,0.0002603559,0.003623662,0.0001436586,0.1176374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002517263,0.00007960323,0.9886168,0.000001415774,0.00001488447,0.00002001091,0.00006640342,0.001031398,0.00001680774,0.006804292,0.003027865,0.00006884258],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727778,0.003362621,0.0001694751,0.01438666,0.000444799,0.0005646202,0.00006005032,0.0000163115,0.008217666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991758,0.0001096024,0.0003697977,0.0001671625,0.0001010493,0.00004749782,0.000008725535,6.64744e-7,0.00001973978],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1463308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8678776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092786715","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00453.x","title":"HIRNANTIAN (LATEST ORDOVICIAN) GRAPTOLITES FROM THE UPPER YANGTZE REGION, CHINA","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Ordovician; Biozone; Paleontology; Fauna; Extinction event; Taxon; Geology; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Ecology; Biostratigraphy; Biology; Population","authors":[{"name":"Xu Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Melchin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Charles E. Mitchell","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01209372853348468,"gpt":0.2118405258129712,"spread":0.1997467972794866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000195512,0.0002345365,0.0003028794,0.00006850529,0.0004702452,0.0000459551,0.0005526005,0.000235775,0.001281014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009245262,0.0001518911,0.0001515727,0.0002085474,0.0005002446,0.0002112799,0.000003673973,0.0003368816,0.0003127831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002459381,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004673217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009558371,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2477795,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983009,0.0002457335,0.0003217117,0.0004096439,0.0001481057,0.0005738875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987411,0.0005254568,0.0001312192,0.0004274414,0.00003082996,0.00014396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003051467,0.00001457524,0.7938138,0.000001333963,0.00004444866,0.00003014838,0.0005836179,0.00001070104,0.000006068536,0.0009198391,0.001668919,0.202876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002870819,0.0000633632,0.9554172,0.000009167513,0.00003491028,0.0001131244,0.0001168094,0.0005590643,0.00001836598,0.003933564,0.03925065,0.0001966564],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8147534,0.02977354,0.0001299836,0.02413816,0.0006918646,0.0001981277,0.00007807271,0.000128978,0.1301078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971039,0.0002845918,0.000914223,0.0009678568,0.0005603774,0.000002978225,0.00004702584,0.000001914706,0.0001171475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2382212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996319,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2059805615","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00554.x","title":"A NEW ELASMOSAURID PLESIOSAUR FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF FUKUSHIMA, JAPAN","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":99,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"","keywords":"Cretaceous; Paleontology; Geology; Holotype; Genus; Anatomy; Biology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Tamaki Sato","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yoshikazu Hasegawa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Makoto Manabe","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009552659151710708,"gpt":0.2002847080792343,"spread":0.1907320489275236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001758194,0.0001750977,0.0003311947,0.00004590606,0.0001656468,0.000006829936,0.000443034,0.0002688391,0.005078356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007140195,0.0001168651,0.0001099006,0.000134567,0.0004045288,0.00007070496,0.00001657945,0.0002109892,0.0004565954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003699243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03799247,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1951962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984792,0.0002722355,0.0003550445,0.0003327374,0.0001217777,0.0004390414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985544,0.0008565153,0.0001503648,0.0003270673,0.0000320408,0.00007962754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001158685,0.0000132185,0.9783728,0.000002102104,0.00003559139,0.00001214977,0.00009649319,0.0001225322,0.0001336322,0.001220715,0.009610208,0.01026467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003699842,0.0001122611,0.9560771,0.000004516845,0.00003467677,0.00008618951,0.00006965987,0.0004681178,0.00006329532,0.01217296,0.03040974,0.0001315029],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9538954,0.01333851,0.0005150043,0.004077766,0.0007540785,0.0001419504,0.0001734177,0.00005039643,0.02705348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961884,0.00008547797,0.001990431,0.0004724338,0.0003838645,0.000001620428,0.0002881439,0.000002844698,0.0005867886],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1572038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9958311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2108589163","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01164.x","title":"The architecture of Ediacaran Fronds","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Subdivision; Paleontology; Frond; Phylogenetic tree; Biology; Branching (polymer chemistry); Scheme (mathematics); Evolutionary biology; Geography; Mathematics; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Martin D. Brasier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jonathan B. Antcliffe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexander Liu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01072182577917772,"gpt":0.2185050250322981,"spread":0.2077831992531204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003272755,0.00008772658,0.0001582568,0.00003745521,0.0001796792,0.000005120279,0.0002224334,0.0001095812,0.0002623005],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006258586,0.00005191767,0.00007596658,0.00008442425,0.0004275722,0.00005786401,0.000001193575,0.0001602793,0.00002433194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.006411e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001912399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003821343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01141494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990864,0.0001526907,0.0001713135,0.00009569724,0.0000945155,0.0003994011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999134,0.0005022675,0.00007780109,0.0001768279,0.00001557666,0.00009354013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002805454,0.000005662579,0.7565835,0.000002782705,0.00002034284,8.671022e-7,0.0002982829,0.000003588307,0.00001861444,0.001426789,0.0001987715,0.2414127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001143036,0.00005599536,0.9883943,0.000001663807,0.00001221775,0.00003392351,0.00008804013,0.00003024501,0.00007849821,0.002534889,0.008594489,0.00006142191],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6480536,0.05449064,0.0003269601,0.0009918009,0.001437715,0.0001160815,0.00003415421,0.00002830668,0.2945207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992086,0.00009172201,0.0004606403,0.00003850565,0.0001578512,0.000001198285,0.000004897881,4.247476e-7,0.00003615208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.351155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6369806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2081665834","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00904.x","title":"Morphospace occupation in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs: skull shape variation, species delineation and temporal patterns","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Bristol; University of Oxford","keywords":"Skull; Snout; Biology; Allometry; Premaxilla; Morphometrics; Evolutionary biology; Morphology (biology); Range (aeronautics); Variation (astronomy); Anatomy; Paleontology; Zoology; Maxilla","authors":[{"name":"Stephanie E. Pierce","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kenneth D. Angielczyk","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emily J. Rayfield","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0133733582399426,"gpt":0.2236189152863942,"spread":0.2102455570464516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000274107,0.0001637643,0.0002510362,0.0001704268,0.0001329633,0.00001594358,0.0001240559,0.000244112,0.001224371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008409332,0.0001501638,0.00002952488,0.0001555557,0.0001221745,0.0002167006,0.000005910334,0.0001725257,0.00007131961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009699647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003909226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002402284,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06970882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986851,0.0002008073,0.0003202322,0.0003594721,0.00008939463,0.0003449889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994739,0.0001411107,0.0001224977,0.0001364871,0.00004593099,0.000080114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001021825,0.00002399092,0.9832104,0.000004688849,0.000007139894,0.00002467451,0.0003436073,0.0001258332,0.00004481429,0.0006002817,0.0001200512,0.01539227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004872495,0.0002223714,0.9755465,0.000007803462,0.000009262351,0.0001134095,0.00009619363,0.02034844,0.000005889856,0.002049214,0.0009536585,0.0001600062],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894091,0.0009024818,0.003240007,0.003110473,0.0002905098,0.0001941897,0.00005445919,0.00004897478,0.002749782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973682,0.0001644926,0.001215862,0.000576477,0.0001184144,0.000002476774,0.0004253496,0.000001675195,0.0001270814],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06730653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017736314","doi":"10.1111/1475-4983.00242","title":"The Late Triassic Phytosaur <i>Mystriosuchus Westphali</i>, With A Revision of the Genus","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":89,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Anatomy; Synapomorphy; Cladistics; Paleontology; Genus; Snout; Fossa; Rostrum; Osteology; Clade; Zoology; Phylogenetics","authors":[{"name":"Axel Hungerbühler","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01503500954313891,"gpt":0.1976826753430181,"spread":0.1826476657998791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000319282,0.0001447713,0.0002557026,0.00003092325,0.0004302711,0.000007459715,0.0004711109,0.0001581065,0.0005871824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001065807,0.00006571361,0.00008704275,0.0002366904,0.0008050343,0.00005859032,0.00001436466,0.0002298795,0.000144022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003659809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003212705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003243379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01612542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984881,0.0004747965,0.0002879197,0.0002121584,0.0001363858,0.0004006536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986451,0.0006506703,0.0002089288,0.0003941322,0.00004322749,0.00005798819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001839868,0.00001938908,0.8926454,0.000008307653,0.00005160457,0.00001498134,0.0001817589,0.000111918,0.00001817172,0.0003865777,0.001756249,0.1046217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006195365,0.0002822063,0.914601,0.0000152663,0.0000381656,0.0002999558,0.00006228406,0.001836575,0.00002363105,0.0004660358,0.08163961,0.0001157101],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9521312,0.01698902,0.00005468523,0.005659749,0.0008409206,0.0002897829,0.00003645302,0.00003407686,0.02396416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978031,0.0008140779,0.00009988816,0.0002863202,0.00007809376,0.000001964546,0.000007338283,0.000002040752,0.0009072002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.104506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8998362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1984804423","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00791.x","title":"A NEW, LARGE ORNITHOMIMID FROM THE CRETACEOUS DINOSAUR PARK FORMATION OF ALBERTA, CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF DISSOCIATED DINOSAUR REMAINS","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Paleontology; Geology; Theropoda; Cretaceous; Manus; Anatomy; Ridge; Biology","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0224020108434093,"gpt":0.2304580697092907,"spread":0.2080560588658814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002278284,0.0001361004,0.0003304448,0.00002788455,0.0005526536,0.000002494688,0.0004406194,0.0001302986,0.0001836325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003950892,0.00007973798,0.00007086274,0.0001678125,0.0001831124,0.00006836737,0.00001678318,0.000136179,0.00000509666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001201443,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00032141,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6112608,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985989,0.0003064917,0.0004375307,0.0002118473,0.000101012,0.0003442278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955139,0.003659616,0.0003253019,0.0003435729,0.00009673439,0.00006094682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001138158,0.00005529198,0.9916525,0.000003139411,0.0001102032,0.000001560895,0.001834011,0.0001302598,0.00001657371,0.0001560612,0.004830812,0.001095811],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007620204,0.0002181679,0.9907618,0.000002744165,0.00009184265,0.00003829266,0.001175738,0.001278929,0.0000106767,0.0006175662,0.004954931,0.00008729468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902279,0.001592086,0.001596894,0.00423625,0.0003131438,0.000701253,0.0006508312,0.00001133414,0.0006703116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990575,0.0001076439,0.00009758669,0.0002197238,0.00007746631,0.00002119044,0.0003314554,0.000002365919,0.00008500997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3868757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4250621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1522087968","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00589.x","title":"A NEW GENUS OF ICHTHYOSAUR FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF WESTERN CANADA","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Genus; Cretaceous; Paleontology; Geology; Holotype; Fauna; Anatomy; Biology; Zoology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Erin E. Maxwell","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael W. Caldwell","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007630608236954626,"gpt":0.1850429694045414,"spread":0.1774123611675868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009990204,0.000109178,0.0002842312,0.00002168825,0.00005644068,0.000001643655,0.0003091708,0.0001370064,0.001519318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003986359,0.00007427299,0.00004955458,0.0000841567,0.000240644,0.00003004462,0.00001031357,0.0001101903,0.00002803142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004241971,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003603346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9489781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9977811,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989742,0.0001671575,0.0003021858,0.0001866096,0.0001073818,0.0002624682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989516,0.0005735803,0.0001631308,0.0002271644,0.00003500178,0.00004957934],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001015234,0.0000108303,0.989299,0.000002666419,0.0000353481,0.00003000171,0.00003926974,0.0002006481,0.00004408601,0.0001039938,0.005072857,0.005059785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002398698,0.0001080122,0.9751922,0.000003866867,0.00002621515,0.00004907852,0.0000272745,0.0001584365,0.00004220219,0.001384365,0.02269293,0.00007550164],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.978215,0.01025099,0.0002823464,0.001443437,0.0007890405,0.00008345747,0.0002276604,0.000009751139,0.008698328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987711,0.00002860989,0.0003661063,0.0002424833,0.0001571102,5.029531e-7,0.0001016845,0.00000142241,0.0003310114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04880291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2128901068","doi":"10.1111/pala.12168","title":"The macro‐ and microfossil record of the Cambrian priapulid <i>Ottoia</i>","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Clare College, University of Cambridge; National Museum of Natural History; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; Parks Canada","keywords":"Paleontology; Geology; Macrofossil; Oil shale; Lagerstätte; Range (aeronautics); Lithology; Structural basin; Sedimentary rock; Facies","authors":[{"name":"Martin R. Smith","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas H. P. Harvey","is_ca":false},{"name":"Nicholas J. Butterfield","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01669136845434257,"gpt":0.2127593140218527,"spread":0.1960679455675101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000494545,0.0001184975,0.0002003807,0.00002369077,0.0003053834,0.00002255657,0.0003791952,0.0001255261,0.00002257228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001524796,0.00006229361,0.00006483957,0.00012526,0.000876856,0.00006037743,0.000006095078,0.000177589,0.000009357698],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000145616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009230995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003685347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1504861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988266,0.0002938865,0.000248824,0.0001960675,0.0001202864,0.0003142953],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990534,0.0003432385,0.0001482433,0.0002920595,0.00004738873,0.0001156492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006254523,0.000004379929,0.8588215,0.000003938614,0.00002061375,0.000004194168,0.0002488375,5.286983e-7,0.0000425442,0.0005500647,0.0008879681,0.1393529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003229827,0.00009696206,0.9822416,0.000005431223,0.00001676651,0.0000996954,0.0002207068,0.0000857256,0.00008429207,0.003520992,0.01322432,0.00008054503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8840338,0.02023026,0.00001957116,0.002465005,0.00125187,0.0001732589,0.00002402763,0.00001797063,0.09178423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991809,0.0001747405,0.0002751304,0.0001138058,0.0000586509,0.000001720746,0.000001229886,7.517829e-7,0.0001930882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1468007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8650154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008588765","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00914.x","title":"The bivalved arthropods <i>Isoxys</i> and <i>Tuzoia</i> with soft‐part preservation from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte (Kangaroo Island, Australia)","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lagerstätte; Fauna; Arthropod; Bay; Paleontology; Oil shale; Taxon; Geology; Biology; Ecology; Oceanography","authors":[{"name":"Diego C. García‐Bellido","is_ca":false},{"name":"John R. Paterson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Gregory D. Edgecombe","is_ca":false},{"name":"J. B. Jago","is_ca":false},{"name":"James G. Gehlîng","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael S. Y. Lee","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02090829775628312,"gpt":0.2417313817847278,"spread":0.2208230840284447,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006343714,0.0001992152,0.0002479354,0.00002753757,0.0007257037,0.00008257008,0.0004216799,0.0002298765,0.001442918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001904527,0.000102577,0.00004959665,0.0001494061,0.0007663506,0.0001709934,0.00003109968,0.0004314103,0.0001836377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004370749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004667826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003765013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3911102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980975,0.0004470964,0.0002420199,0.0004196501,0.0001712362,0.0006225024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979062,0.001405044,0.000102172,0.0004104365,0.00005661519,0.0001195148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004527631,0.00002202433,0.9851876,0.0000022223,0.00005556806,0.00002641844,0.0001494974,0.00001499468,0.00001651336,0.0001164483,0.007448499,0.006507398],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005652922,0.0006434201,0.9401456,0.00000614367,0.0000279776,0.00004069947,0.0001160955,0.0005373284,0.00001345526,0.001511847,0.05624853,0.000143612],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9778543,0.0008456821,0.00005824372,0.01497649,0.0004682071,0.0003594118,0.00006610278,0.00003961977,0.005331908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944236,0.0002673098,0.00005660795,0.001556992,0.0002943196,0.000007479901,0.0001877008,0.000003615701,0.003202434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3873451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1921551652","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00568.x","title":"A new species of <i>Clevosaurus</i> (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do sul, Brazil","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Geographic Society","keywords":"Paleontology; Genus; Range (aeronautics); Skull; Geology; Biology; Geography; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"José F. Bonaparte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans‐Dieter Sues","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01101713830701802,"gpt":0.2104113906596561,"spread":0.1993942523526381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003718431,0.0002239228,0.000620243,0.0000842652,0.0001468893,0.000007946876,0.0005259778,0.0003304023,0.006011056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001383624,0.0001515482,0.0001990541,0.0002471074,0.0008409759,0.0001068446,0.00002178205,0.0002376933,0.0001657489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004941377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001476855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02718055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09358568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978886,0.0004543762,0.0006265803,0.0003796135,0.0001878664,0.00046302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976724,0.001447565,0.0003357046,0.0003991305,0.00006216598,0.00008300575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003924117,0.00003538681,0.9699108,0.00000729315,0.00007729371,0.00001078189,0.0001864204,0.00007227771,0.0004571893,0.002651551,0.01926304,0.006935578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001269187,0.0001561682,0.9501708,0.00001382891,0.00006716873,0.00003096913,0.00009935881,0.00008066626,0.0002017346,0.01668338,0.03107733,0.0001493741],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9273793,0.01646887,0.00070352,0.003844191,0.001284918,0.0002462506,0.0004048533,0.00004115842,0.04962692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965395,0.0002706394,0.001057615,0.000274133,0.0005133045,0.000002044734,0.0002506532,0.000003601688,0.001088449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06916024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125148092","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01001.x","title":"A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the Late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Tardigrade Biology and Ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"George Brown College; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Xenarthra; Sloth; Genus; Sister group; Incertae sedis; Biology; Late Miocene; Paleontology; Zoology; Anatomy; Clade; Phylogenetic tree","authors":[{"name":"Gerardo De Iuliis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Timothy J. Gaudin","is_ca":false},{"name":"MATTHEW J. VICARS","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02854616338703666,"gpt":0.1822075091843779,"spread":0.1536613457973413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001572882,0.0001873743,0.0004892211,0.00001091501,0.0001011819,0.000004826503,0.0003318935,0.0002579605,0.004232245],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005683383,0.00007015538,0.0001219807,0.0001157203,0.0006122145,0.00005015553,0.00008429593,0.0001199214,0.00002367282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007352457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001879644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0106773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03129026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987885,0.0001874043,0.0003498819,0.000280073,0.00007562529,0.0003185318],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991312,0.00038991,0.0002243332,0.000136166,0.00003979666,0.00007859832],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000372561,0.0001042911,0.7692279,0.000008014372,0.0001829374,0.000008565264,0.003735331,3.484096e-7,0.182267,0.002411546,0.0006013106,0.04108018],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003101271,0.0005235178,0.968527,0.00001006727,0.00003434973,0.00001288644,0.0005687268,0.000002663971,0.007238219,0.001706067,0.02092812,0.0001382731],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931585,0.002199643,0.00003323669,0.001516532,0.0002372107,0.0002164777,0.00009382236,0.00002671142,0.002517866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997794,0.0003785822,0.000775003,0.0003057464,0.0001795141,0.00001080334,0.00001580148,0.00000211316,0.0005384835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1992991,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2123098427","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01174.x","title":"Early Triassic conodont clusters from South China: revision of the architecture of the 15 element apparatuses of the superfamily Gondolelloidea","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Conodont; Paleontology; Subfamily; Geology; Early Triassic; SUPERFAMILY; China; Position (finance); Permian; Biology; Biostratigraphy; Geography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Nicolas Goudemand","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Orchard","is_ca":true},{"name":"Paul Tafforeau","is_ca":false},{"name":"Séverine Urdy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Brühwiler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arnaud Brayard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Thomas Galfetti","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hugo Bucher","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01416237312613887,"gpt":0.209850787939496,"spread":0.1956884148133572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004548759,0.0001829526,0.000448874,0.00004055994,0.0001706371,0.000005713791,0.0008071242,0.0001751097,0.0001204074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000130997,0.00008151349,0.0003198527,0.0002188659,0.0008870681,0.00006144248,0.00002157315,0.0003168748,0.000002733766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002589284,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007124922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003568327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007656344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978616,0.0008110523,0.0005159322,0.0002008254,0.0002611423,0.0003494033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983936,0.0003962031,0.0005036563,0.000610481,0.00003577072,0.00006027038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000141109,0.00002956142,0.9784357,0.00002288917,0.00008109619,1.913308e-7,0.003856211,0.00009306684,0.0005927232,0.0001473537,0.0001141298,0.01648599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005540526,0.00009770582,0.9955953,0.00005733512,0.0000950364,0.000005019992,0.0003774452,0.0000618987,0.002137888,0.0004782882,0.0004521777,0.00008790086],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815711,0.01142617,0.00008598224,0.0006783648,0.0009917165,0.0004056758,0.0002098737,0.000006785523,0.004624381],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999635,0.00003894069,0.0001311696,0.00009090923,0.00005754514,0.000001274994,0.00000324679,0.000001570712,0.00004032598],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01806397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5394267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1997762570","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00429.x","title":"Intra‐tree variability in wood anatomy and its implications for fossil wood systematics and palaeoclimatic studies","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":71,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Killam Trusts; Dalhousie University; University of Bristol","keywords":"Tracheid; Paleontology; Fossil wood; Transect; Dendrochronology; Geology; Biology; Tree (set theory); Trunk; Taxon; Taphonomy; Ecology; Xylem; Botany; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Howard J. Falcon‐Lang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04489752318028032,"gpt":0.2728985200972026,"spread":0.2280009969169222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004857445,0.00009499396,0.0002562133,0.00001705701,0.0001675512,0.00001485399,0.00008822826,0.0001014842,0.000006032364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004125518,0.00004419654,0.00002426149,0.0001067423,0.00007060837,0.0001049439,0.00005821355,0.00005968862,0.000003519533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003303399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000477753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002514951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009044201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999194,0.0001149343,0.0002123621,0.0002250697,0.00004060541,0.0002130049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987046,0.001073322,0.00007266392,0.00003949362,0.00005682793,0.00005314356],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001063813,0.0004461656,0.7938539,0.001179201,0.0001749642,0.000003724002,0.002829666,0.0000100193,0.0146894,0.05955547,0.0009827329,0.1261683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004323027,0.0001255328,0.982422,0.00006371144,0.00005601492,0.00004156916,0.001052795,0.002387264,0.00006491654,0.01205279,0.001124259,0.0001768573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895986,0.001931728,0.0000350959,0.007673597,0.0000438737,0.0003905727,0.00007952844,0.00002685508,0.0002201431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990569,0.0003220137,0.0004221652,0.00006754808,0.00004655762,0.00005349426,0.00001471708,3.527641e-7,0.00001629923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.188568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5046877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2035405514","doi":"10.1111/1475-4983.00194","title":"A Primitive Late Triassic ‘ictidosaur’ from Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dentition; Skull; Paleontology; Geology; Anatomy; Dorsum; Biology","authors":[{"name":"José F. Bonaparte","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jorge Ferigolo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ana María Ribeiro","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01438377508422777,"gpt":0.2297721775557102,"spread":0.2153884024714824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002883406,0.0002599701,0.0004830307,0.000129362,0.0002967404,0.00001807802,0.0003531371,0.0004404699,0.009197409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001300122,0.0002184879,0.0001276662,0.0002251995,0.0005283362,0.0001829798,0.00001744318,0.0003558262,0.001899559],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001021367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008861192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00469926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1052132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977067,0.0004826202,0.0003693272,0.0005947293,0.0001304607,0.0007162273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985218,0.0007797536,0.0001455124,0.0003081506,0.00004973841,0.0001950452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000617841,0.00003464305,0.9624498,0.000002318585,0.00009625502,0.000242478,0.0003053744,0.0000554108,0.00006862464,0.0003632338,0.001193382,0.03457065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001355708,0.0002105581,0.9498503,0.000008127935,0.00004430909,0.0002197027,0.00007625985,0.0008801894,0.000009137375,0.01220264,0.03488963,0.0002533947],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9194358,0.004824786,0.000390253,0.001839505,0.001345795,0.0001938333,0.0001671336,0.0001288335,0.07167405],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963694,0.000648528,0.0004847516,0.0009388352,0.0003231018,0.000006869749,0.0004231347,0.000004274763,0.000801152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1005139,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2064101633","doi":"10.1111/1475-4983.00253","title":"Palaeontology and Evolutionary Developmental Biology: A Science of the Nineteenth and Twenty–first Centuries","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Paleontology; Fossil Record; Evolutionary developmental biology; Geology; Evolutionary biology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Brian K. Hall","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01412007290734961,"gpt":0.1999916172453861,"spread":0.1858715443380365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002884454,0.0001982015,0.0003297006,0.000156956,0.0006919394,0.000008037819,0.0003839538,0.0002213166,0.0008007843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002555054,0.0001373321,0.0000417489,0.0003024112,0.006705679,0.0001591811,0.0001024139,0.0001987063,0.00003290891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001209988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000703797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007181921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01176768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982937,0.0001923931,0.0003302839,0.000501096,0.0001173284,0.0005651974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990999,0.0003585018,0.0001557611,0.0001949036,0.00006023795,0.0001307601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003216978,0.00002090816,0.9898865,0.00001347129,0.00002642986,0.000004221048,0.0003783627,0.000005892893,0.0001246691,0.002954792,0.0002462457,0.006306299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004138867,0.0001480475,0.9886236,0.000009465919,0.00002010645,0.0006933506,0.0001707029,0.001285455,0.00003711442,0.003499092,0.004942198,0.0001569899],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9702341,0.01508675,0.00001732063,0.002547453,0.0006876463,0.0001951193,0.00006377084,0.00003097083,0.01113689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975317,0.0009703692,0.001148487,0.000197449,0.00004104702,0.000004335809,0.00001278442,0.000002155009,0.00009172093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02729757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1534534265","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00709.x","title":"SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND MASS MORTALITY IN THE BASAL CERATOPSIAN DINOSAUR<i>PSITTACOSAURUS</i>(EARLY CRETACEOUS, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA)","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Royal Society","keywords":"Yixian Formation; Paleontology; Cretaceous; Sociality; China; Geology; Theropoda; Body plan; Extinction event; Geography; Biology; Ecology; Archaeology; Demography; Mesozoic; Fishery","authors":[{"name":"Qi Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul M. Barrett","is_ca":false},{"name":"David A. Eberth","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01554238412712794,"gpt":0.2555506219320676,"spread":0.2400082378049396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001408186,0.0001822356,0.0003910414,0.0001394724,0.0002307403,0.00001365652,0.0003368118,0.0003520911,0.0002683251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008130636,0.0001373824,0.00007364211,0.0002916563,0.0005468533,0.0001416298,0.00001530857,0.0003817465,0.00001230488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005876288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005216605,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005843699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2642449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979845,0.0004858055,0.000411817,0.0003683625,0.0001706924,0.000578768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991838,0.0003232063,0.0001644808,0.0002136473,0.00003384526,0.00008107237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009238633,0.0000334423,0.9954465,0.00001040776,0.00002231902,0.00008584023,0.001431142,0.000002144837,0.00003555758,0.001139792,0.000135023,0.001565421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003799408,0.0001715682,0.9952131,0.000002434974,0.00002976739,0.0001363544,0.0003519114,0.0001261478,0.00001035218,0.003123964,0.0003089249,0.0001455257],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873382,0.00107754,0.0001464679,0.002294433,0.0002642617,0.0001896329,0.00005680509,0.00002328426,0.008609362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992535,0.00004690033,0.0001656744,0.0002915443,0.0001215658,0.000002901639,0.00008669171,0.000002542157,0.00002873832],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2584012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8833964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2093278658","doi":"10.1111/pala.12161","title":"A large new leanchoiliid from the <scp>B</scp>urgess <scp>S</scp>hale and the influence of inapplicable states on stem arthropod phylogeny","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"Royal Ontario Museum","keywords":"Appendage; Biology; Telson; Phylogenetic tree; Arthropod; Anatomy; Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetics; Paleontology; Zoology; Carapace; Crustacean; Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Cédric Aria","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Bernard Caron","is_ca":true},{"name":"Robert R. Gaines","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01779898070045335,"gpt":0.223759556084539,"spread":0.2059605753840856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008792268,0.0003098073,0.0006096016,0.00006595876,0.0003386291,0.00005096879,0.0006495896,0.000258007,0.00002565875],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006020764,0.0001802504,0.0001136559,0.0002664601,0.001279837,0.0001665491,0.00001764622,0.0004447319,0.00005990286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003511408,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001585042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006587007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04003049,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974856,0.0005549248,0.0004491641,0.0005080872,0.0003104297,0.000691804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929801,0.005791346,0.0003101421,0.0005531377,0.00008771449,0.000277515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007600447,0.00004963755,0.9673094,0.00001417515,0.0001531557,0.00002427973,0.008135492,0.0004961364,0.00002895253,0.002285947,0.007313245,0.0141136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002040467,0.0003007432,0.957903,0.00002574971,0.0000583959,0.00003586939,0.005193322,0.0005991173,0.0001350632,0.01579545,0.01785767,0.00005519598],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9459208,0.03621105,0.0001253536,0.0005613072,0.0002501344,0.0003970017,0.000222998,0.00004432088,0.01626707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998087,0.0008113363,0.0001479317,0.0005323756,0.0001249669,0.00001200545,0.00002703685,0.000003268313,0.0002541169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05216619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957628,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2161347331","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00796.x","title":"GRIESBACHIAN AND DIENERIAN (EARLY TRIASSIC) AMMONOID FAUNAS FROM NORTHWESTERN GUANGXI AND SOUTHERN GUIZHOU (SOUTH CHINA)","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ecological succession; Paleontology; Geology; Fauna; Taxon; China; Arctic; Geography; Ecology; Oceanography; Archaeology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Thomas Brühwiler","is_ca":false},{"name":"Arnaud Brayard","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hugo Bucher","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kuang Guodun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01869573528564713,"gpt":0.2048721123569603,"spread":0.1861763770713131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002388989,0.0002571701,0.0004839883,0.000127809,0.0005034637,0.00003170075,0.0002473487,0.0003333999,0.0006335303],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006016238,0.0002121248,0.0000531645,0.0001180626,0.001157414,0.0001203863,0.00004900057,0.0003772657,0.0003518547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001052718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004902033,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0115466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2048416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979597,0.0003906136,0.00028137,0.0005851318,0.0001440566,0.0006391545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989472,0.0003238916,0.0001081993,0.0003019386,0.00002969285,0.0002890681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002491704,0.00001169277,0.9876519,0.000008405461,0.00005371754,0.0002679277,0.008989255,0.000005287227,0.000003563353,0.00005435913,0.00001821743,0.002686439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00102025,0.0002384002,0.9957387,0.00000605947,0.00002747377,0.0004395741,0.0006307471,0.0003387665,0.000009274545,0.0009000301,0.0004206455,0.000230038],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932084,0.002480523,0.00003563281,0.0006449953,0.0002962299,0.0001806175,0.0001720076,0.00006271843,0.002918873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986096,0.0001758692,0.0003652828,0.0001777803,0.0001246295,0.000004692185,0.0001320356,0.000006846706,0.0004032371],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.193295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2079916804","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00770.x","title":"PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF MANIRAPTORAN THEROPODS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EGG PARATAXONOMY","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Phylogenetic tree; Zoology; Theropoda; Monophyly; Taxon; Cladistics; Evolutionary biology; Eggshell; Ecology; Clade; Genetics; Gene","authors":[{"name":"Darla K. Zelenitsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Therrien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04588213186803983,"gpt":0.2616055486621635,"spread":0.2157234167941236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598692,0.00009654987,0.0004072173,0.0001784544,0.0001082321,6.464901e-7,0.0001381396,0.0001239083,0.0001481725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007576635,0.00008338494,0.00008945824,0.0002951506,0.0004636287,0.00003900245,0.000005698413,0.00004816584,0.000003124398],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001585183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004001334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002317523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00510296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990491,0.0001150709,0.0002826364,0.0003258797,0.00003161924,0.0001956525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992015,0.0003079544,0.000172709,0.0001736415,0.0000972686,0.00004689397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001028373,0.00002629096,0.9927581,0.00001054217,0.0004259705,6.741483e-7,0.0002200459,0.0002238572,0.0009048569,0.00124389,0.00002989893,0.004053064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002202808,0.0002404049,0.9965507,0.000001028142,0.0002594287,0.00004552956,0.00004411454,0.00104212,0.0001557349,0.0009557354,0.0004065592,0.00007837403],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899734,0.006691027,0.0008295099,0.0003759464,0.00006255454,0.0002336214,0.0003783749,0.000009063005,0.001446562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982212,0.0002708768,0.001281923,0.00003045625,0.00002950366,0.0000121326,0.0001136239,0.00000124922,0.00003903311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008247861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3400339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2605902411","doi":"10.1111/pala.12291","title":"A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; Victoria University; Imperial College London; Palaeontological Association","keywords":"Cladistics; Clade; Phylogenetic tree; Phylogenetics; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Taxon; Paleontology; Tree (set theory); Zoology; Mathematics; Combinatorics","authors":[{"name":"Thomas J. Raven","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susannah C. R. Maidment","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01988284255107615,"gpt":0.2424806357887624,"spread":0.2225977932376863,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002452609,0.0001594101,0.0003836253,0.00008216604,0.0003904748,0.00001286882,0.000732553,0.0002855541,0.004516297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002500007,0.0001353873,0.00009625094,0.00004176526,0.0005336271,0.0001510262,0.00002919091,0.0001890486,0.0005197103],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002390665,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001534889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004977858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08636779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998711,0.0001487389,0.0002929578,0.0003247913,0.0001022663,0.0004202316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986883,0.000185388,0.0003127582,0.0006136459,0.00004363326,0.0001562899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001413893,0.00001165908,0.9610536,0.000008941323,0.00005065172,0.00002923831,0.00008857591,0.00001381204,0.0003027704,0.002133962,0.00145495,0.03471047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005603648,0.000192432,0.9820923,0.000005716026,0.00002611427,0.0001257593,0.00002792961,0.0002327414,0.00007711932,0.008901179,0.007613415,0.0001449637],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8782071,0.003206952,0.0008307691,0.001233564,0.002188041,0.0001749763,0.00008193393,0.0000495516,0.1140271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959828,0.00007719203,0.002714254,0.0001215466,0.0002555883,0.000001038806,0.00004069011,0.000002248832,0.0008045989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1177757,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2001729520","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00824.x","title":"A NEW TRAVERSODONTID CYNODONT (THERAPSIDA, EUCYNODONTIA) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC SANTA MARIA FORMATION OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","keywords":"Postcrania; Geology; Outcrop; Dorsum; Paleontology; Anatomy; Autapomorphy; Skull; Rib cage; Crest; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Míriam Reichel","is_ca":true},{"name":"César Leandro Schultz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Marina Bento Soares","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03493641473370501,"gpt":0.2159652481631685,"spread":0.1810288334294635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004032775,0.000252756,0.0005419567,0.00009743593,0.0003882053,0.00001190821,0.0005929098,0.000362938,0.003264226],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001075522,0.0001775742,0.000198748,0.0002258985,0.0005389401,0.0002681146,0.00001944821,0.000294588,0.000329422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001026442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000158552,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01763237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1158095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977471,0.0005682819,0.0005635025,0.0003854888,0.0002177428,0.0005179269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981971,0.000885765,0.0003079236,0.0004119659,0.00005624131,0.0001409993],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001034979,0.00003530284,0.9504238,0.000008306021,0.0001252678,0.00003938422,0.002755791,0.00006378622,0.0002061425,0.0002220117,0.01270834,0.03237683],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002004682,0.0002540347,0.9765481,0.00001540198,0.00006141537,0.0003147349,0.0002612773,0.0009927559,0.00008293946,0.002463253,0.01679347,0.0002079476],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9677598,0.01116254,0.004722635,0.001736112,0.001218507,0.0003596244,0.0002099619,0.00006646304,0.01276435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995973,0.001189075,0.00131156,0.0005005081,0.0002644929,0.000003599936,0.0003675424,0.000004853732,0.0003854038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0981771,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976469,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1928576874","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00512.x","title":"THE GEOLOGICALLY YOUNGEST ALBANERPETONTID AMPHIBIAN, FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE OF HUNGARY","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Laurasia; Paleontology; Osteology; Geology; Sister group; Neogene; Cladistics; Genus; Range (aeronautics); Late Miocene; Taxon; Clade; Zoology; Biology; Phylogenetics; Mesozoic; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"Márton Venczel","is_ca":false},{"name":"James D. Gardner","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008782950882783308,"gpt":0.2133429050424702,"spread":0.2045599541596869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003264635,0.000165707,0.0002328328,0.000009307196,0.0002447769,0.00001015962,0.0007237535,0.000204129,0.002839149],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001260914,0.00007997203,0.0001109099,0.0000996476,0.001717296,0.0000456597,0.0002870047,0.000203293,0.0008985071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004900944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001394609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006875797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01375785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985026,0.0002223772,0.0003356609,0.0003569548,0.0001607597,0.0004216383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985707,0.0006180526,0.0001648936,0.000562496,0.00001162157,0.00007218009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003192601,0.0003124708,0.8406364,0.000001621276,0.00009407592,0.00003628909,0.0006083504,0.0001412714,0.01314289,0.002047389,0.0338957,0.1087643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002975346,0.0002031457,0.7217759,0.000003647941,0.00002190414,0.00004649163,0.00008511541,0.000148336,0.0005561583,0.0007018819,0.2760174,0.0001425143],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9504892,0.001246384,0.00008102735,0.01267355,0.0004843468,0.000215979,0.00001269863,0.00003935923,0.0347574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954726,0.0003490436,0.0004692138,0.001400638,0.0002291147,0.00001752558,0.000008814745,0.000009266259,0.002043806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2421217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1749420351","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00690.x","title":"THE FIRST NEOCERATOPSIAN DINOSAUR REMAINS FROM EUROPE","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Biological dispersal; Paleontology; Arid; Geology; Structural basin; Population; Habitat; Geography; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Johan Lindgren","is_ca":false},{"name":"Philip J. Currie","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mikael Siverson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Rees","is_ca":false},{"name":"Peter Cederström","is_ca":false},{"name":"Filip Lindgren","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01065558847157202,"gpt":0.2111563521515916,"spread":0.2005007636800196,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005578182,0.0001537168,0.0001919965,0.00004533878,0.0007632589,0.00001723378,0.0004237747,0.0002118398,0.0009127075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001976336,0.0001009823,0.00005530131,0.0001811751,0.0005611809,0.00007353807,0.00001657945,0.0002568862,0.001233235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004796936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003990431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002025719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5704957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984872,0.0001485404,0.0002902273,0.0003297509,0.0000953645,0.0006488613],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981638,0.001272279,0.00009119281,0.0003023324,0.00004478477,0.0001255958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001041607,0.000007968297,0.9753765,0.000001080905,0.00002846715,0.0001137934,0.00009980481,0.00001103755,0.000008832284,0.00226239,0.001923094,0.02006285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000154315,0.00006305747,0.733025,0.000001719485,0.000008273053,0.00008347595,0.00005180536,0.0002578126,0.000007828956,0.002428762,0.26382,0.00009796111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8172368,0.006421202,0.0008887607,0.007801849,0.002560847,0.000158424,0.00006191098,0.0001211892,0.164749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974183,0.0002405116,0.0002938556,0.00123566,0.0004004394,0.000001018076,0.0000911548,0.000002623729,0.0003164108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5684699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995444,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2143096385","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00689.x","title":"CONIFEROUS TREES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERDUNE DEPOSITS IN THE JURASSIC NAVAJO SANDSTONE FORMATION, UTAH, USA","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Killam Trusts; Dalhousie University; Palaeontological Association","keywords":"Geology; Water table; Paleontology; Pluvial; Aeolian processes; Navajo; Groundwater","authors":[{"name":"Judith Totman Parrish","is_ca":false},{"name":"Howard J. Falcon‐Lang","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01918669454483105,"gpt":0.2539605029548497,"spread":0.2347738084100186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001285328,0.0001507048,0.000273013,0.0001675375,0.0002220607,0.00002203331,0.0003667243,0.0002282558,0.0004180071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001554565,0.00009223523,0.00003462044,0.0003797498,0.0004470582,0.0001502717,0.00001098108,0.0004301074,0.0002590011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003732171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004383591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006133839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.758671,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981501,0.0004550648,0.0003156006,0.0002269686,0.0001911271,0.0006611698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981402,0.001424303,0.0001091267,0.00019113,0.00006132331,0.00007392717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001828504,0.00003609927,0.9950231,0.00000565433,0.0000279552,0.0003542481,0.001276999,0.00003760794,0.000005385869,0.000168724,0.0001113669,0.00277002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000752746,0.0003320425,0.9962989,0.00001438739,0.00001549577,0.0008791504,0.0005964676,0.0003899059,0.00005026945,0.0003443616,0.0002080819,0.0001181708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799967,0.000599766,0.0003025325,0.00138925,0.0001441115,0.0002190371,0.000006907994,0.00002561967,0.0173161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991005,0.00002918987,0.00007308787,0.0005095576,0.00002623018,0.000004575951,0.0001128519,0.000002292486,0.0001417352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7580576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4576884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2125910896","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00994.x","title":"Oldest known Varanus (Squamata: Varanidae) from the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene of Egypt: support for an African origin of the genus","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Squamata; Biological dispersal; Genus; Paleontology; Lizard; Geology; Ecology; Zoology; Biology; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Robert B. Holmes","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alison M. Murray","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yousry Attia","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elwyn L. Simons","is_ca":false},{"name":"Prithijit S. Chatrath","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01306756666639223,"gpt":0.2416056179287074,"spread":0.2285380512623152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000280176,0.0001574126,0.000301948,0.00001527758,0.0001068025,0.000005704449,0.000505945,0.0001997075,0.001186088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007422788,0.00008590904,0.00009256715,0.00009379873,0.001333649,0.00005572374,0.0001597377,0.0001636901,0.0000237901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001514739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003025063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001949015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006940316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988253,0.0001050137,0.0003010595,0.0003454253,0.0001167257,0.000306543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988847,0.0002500872,0.0001873325,0.0005777836,0.00001815547,0.00008194189],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001870799,0.0002439931,0.8748406,0.00001263859,0.00004742862,0.000003208478,0.001352329,0.00000813063,0.1009868,0.002106602,0.001381485,0.01882978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006424658,0.0003100907,0.9445001,0.000004459864,0.0000539779,0.00003929475,0.0001203354,0.0001627884,0.004743618,0.0009549873,0.04832084,0.0001469985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931925,0.00007788093,0.0001453881,0.0006025324,0.0006829111,0.0003515441,0.0001128852,0.00001202258,0.004822321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984038,0.00002681326,0.0009024119,0.0002484682,0.000110612,0.00002107877,0.0000110231,0.00001289375,0.0002628821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09624315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2106280659","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00957.x","title":"Mammalian tooth marks on the bones of dinosaurs and other Late Cretaceous vertebrates","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cretaceous; Marsupial; Paleontology; Extant taxon; Biology; Vertebrate; Evolution of mammals; Eutheria; Cenozoic; Anatomy; Evolutionary biology; Structural basin; Phanerozoic","authors":[{"name":"Nicholas R. Longrich","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Ryan","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0150219616237748,"gpt":0.2200624550982964,"spread":0.2050404934745216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002131188,0.000117391,0.0001992247,0.00004307541,0.0001559371,0.00001019735,0.0001450284,0.0001162883,0.00217068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001122642,0.00007024011,0.00003630774,0.00005805484,0.0005816756,0.00002387252,0.000009164851,0.0002042125,0.0000939606],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":5.658339e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001258943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001189212,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2456782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992392,0.0001153342,0.000154404,0.0001833273,0.00007752002,0.000230219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991682,0.0005054525,0.00007596846,0.0001743294,0.00002286676,0.00005322398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004557899,0.000008034517,0.9907991,0.000006279291,0.00002836349,0.000005384486,0.0003382618,0.000003627583,0.00009475635,0.003360183,0.0009071449,0.00440326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000166682,0.0001181889,0.9749787,0.000003879402,0.0000154117,0.00002968068,0.0001642131,0.0005439059,0.00006766803,0.001792205,0.02202998,0.00008947764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9081285,0.001058738,0.000004473962,0.003936339,0.0004717053,0.00009805935,0.00003049325,0.00002048959,0.08625118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99796,0.00005705843,0.0001105578,0.001033722,0.00004671274,0.000001902383,0.000003549768,0.000002127133,0.0007843465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.244489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2033199930","doi":"10.1111/1475-4983.00181","title":"A new species of <i>Protopterus</i> and a revision of <i>Ceratodus humei</i> (Dipnoi: Ceratodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous Mut Formation of eastern Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lungfish; Paleontology; Cretaceous; Geology; Type specimen; Actinopterygii; Biology; Genus; Zoology; Fish <Actinopterygii>","authors":[{"name":"C. S. Churcher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Gerardo De Iuliis","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01336787878506662,"gpt":0.227557707282203,"spread":0.2141898284971364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002740734,0.0001643841,0.0005242783,0.00003987036,0.00004436923,0.000003591127,0.0003032616,0.0001847022,0.0005076833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006423005,0.000116697,0.00008225002,0.0001275232,0.0006349172,0.0001484923,0.0002820506,0.0001124021,0.00002256855],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000173373,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001879411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002397983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004118152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985999,0.0001892691,0.0006319274,0.0002094551,0.0001430064,0.0002264056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989157,0.0001802992,0.000459988,0.0003606773,0.00003249825,0.0000508212],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004073247,0.00006379225,0.9398648,0.00004671356,0.00004065179,0.000004915798,0.001632524,0.00002377224,0.03343482,0.0001298883,0.0004280643,0.02392273],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002375063,0.001070606,0.886396,0.0001386939,0.0001762057,0.0001438129,0.0004042492,0.00039731,0.0689867,0.001355439,0.03825286,0.0003030867],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919356,0.0007911537,0.002390102,0.0003762354,0.00009526651,0.0004084115,0.0000189711,0.000008904415,0.003975379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977909,0.0005066153,0.0007364634,0.0001353562,0.00002518551,0.000006502557,0.0000168101,0.000007703564,0.0007744919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05346883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5558776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2810339393","doi":"10.1111/pala.12378","title":"Virtual endocasts of fossil Sciuroidea: brain size reduction in the evolution of fossoriality","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto Scarborough; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Museum of Natural History","keywords":"Endocast; Arboreal locomotion; Fossorial; Biology; Fossil Record; Mammal; Zoology; Evolutionary biology; Ecology; Paleontology; Skull; Habitat","authors":[{"name":"Ornella Bertrand","is_ca":true},{"name":"Farrah Amador‐Mughal","is_ca":true},{"name":"Madlen M. Lang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Mary Silcox","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01908806313802952,"gpt":0.2596709299381826,"spread":0.2405828668001531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009741848,0.0001023831,0.0002725801,0.00008574118,0.0001158492,0.000003708219,0.0002238044,0.00011338,0.0003021387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009006581,0.00007367689,0.00005764594,0.0003133488,0.001126262,0.0000682004,0.000009948249,0.0001243547,0.00003056231],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001069195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007848973,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01066098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2658425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983546,0.0006168239,0.0003924132,0.0002138582,0.0001716168,0.0002506466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985748,0.0008673471,0.000202389,0.0002144858,0.0001133037,0.00002770564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002124788,0.00003927806,0.9816085,0.00001201434,0.00002460305,0.000002367728,0.002678035,0.00002069616,0.0004044455,0.005634426,0.001289559,0.008073587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000486777,0.0004882013,0.9909599,0.00000842369,0.00001355878,0.00004829064,0.002291323,0.0002361216,0.00009286881,0.004137039,0.001168741,0.0000686866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.969493,0.001398504,0.0001930025,0.001645747,0.001240929,0.0001691555,0.0000245106,0.0000138279,0.02582131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993956,0.00002173822,0.0001911203,0.00005751765,0.0002264041,0.000002198663,0.000003670848,0.000001092354,0.0001006727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2551815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9959271,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2038607448","doi":"10.1111/pala.12063","title":"Ontogeny, morphology and taxonomy of the soft‐bodied <scp>C</scp>ambrian ‘mollusc’ <i><scp>W</scp>iwaxia</i>","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Annelid; Body plan; Biology; Polychaete; Zoology; Taxon; Dorsum; Taphonomy; Leech; Taxonomy (biology); Ontogeny; Paleontology; Evolutionary biology; Anatomy; Ecology; Cell biology","authors":[{"name":"Martin R. Smith","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01782138148020516,"gpt":0.1988382390695825,"spread":0.1810168575893774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004324783,0.00040652,0.000738189,0.0001727298,0.0003920018,0.00004622183,0.0007645059,0.0005489161,0.0003198021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007537366,0.0002988052,0.000233938,0.000290376,0.001583222,0.0002427612,0.00002456352,0.0004847631,0.0001674505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004598695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001311029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007946444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04269453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969751,0.0005197895,0.0006283111,0.0006636695,0.0002343988,0.0009787356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996332,0.002233286,0.0004202471,0.0006049653,0.0001060004,0.0003034429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007703052,0.00003883701,0.9563901,0.00003253714,0.0001251168,0.0000258314,0.0006291864,0.0000135937,0.0005852171,0.0005802831,0.008509284,0.03306231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007602595,0.0002378139,0.9786124,0.00001412603,0.00006644295,0.000324562,0.0006923399,0.0003840306,0.0003943028,0.002559919,0.01587102,0.00008274708],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7708476,0.01027117,0.0001810952,0.0003920891,0.0007894342,0.0006449212,0.00007563587,0.00005954344,0.2167386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971141,0.000188763,0.001005539,0.0005227561,0.0001269769,0.00004191276,0.00001709076,0.000004521615,0.0009783402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2262665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2045780248","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00649.x","title":"REASSESSMENT OF THE GENUS <i>LEANCHOILIA</i> (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNOMORPHA) FROM THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN BURGESS SHALE, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Appendage; Paleontology; Genus; Dorsum; Type species; Geology; Anatomy; Shield; Biology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Diego C. García‐Bellido","is_ca":false},{"name":"Desmond Collins","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01345718364934354,"gpt":0.1971481030495242,"spread":0.1836909194001807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004911281,0.0001514438,0.0003515012,0.00001380057,0.0005167232,0.00005378838,0.0007098455,0.0001782415,0.0009971916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008941874,0.0001369333,0.0001247052,0.0002075816,0.0007480792,0.00007529021,0.000008387352,0.0003462833,0.000004436617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000114826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004348136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9935692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980105,0.0002417681,0.0004609927,0.00036817,0.0003436409,0.0005749224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982488,0.0007704064,0.0002638893,0.0005025426,0.00007210109,0.0001423314],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001640559,0.00001575902,0.7705366,0.000004529903,0.00005119193,0.00009225727,0.00008863542,0.000001071843,0.000004920965,0.0000246712,0.003353606,0.2258103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003370211,0.00004764015,0.990485,0.00002698637,0.00003439285,0.0001253376,0.000431816,0.0000314272,0.00001753253,0.0003762759,0.007926075,0.0001604903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498911,0.01360489,0.00005038952,0.0008401417,0.001658329,0.000263753,0.0005843432,0.0000193939,0.03308765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985881,0.0001085981,0.0001820928,0.0006702884,0.000167979,0.000002834209,0.00003305287,0.000001952734,0.0002451144],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2256498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2065975036","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00815.x","title":"UNIQUE MANIRAPTORAN EGG CLUTCH FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS TWO MEDICINE FORMATION OF MONTANA REVEALS THEROPOD NESTING BEHAVIOUR","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Tyrrell Museum; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Nest (protein structural motif); Cretaceous; Clutch; Avian clutch size; Eggshell; Nesting (process); Paleontology; Geology; Biology; Zoology; Ecology; Reproduction; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Darla K. Zelenitsky","is_ca":true},{"name":"François Therrien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02936059890599399,"gpt":0.2467739671556645,"spread":0.2174133682496705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004327416,0.0001810124,0.0003961211,0.00006427387,0.0003454162,0.000002426818,0.0003751534,0.0002138661,0.001265335],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001715733,0.0001147967,0.00006928779,0.0001499708,0.0007711733,0.0001431289,0.00001484026,0.0002602986,0.000083504],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007946785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004425441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01860077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06559709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981478,0.000584075,0.0004791289,0.0002745431,0.0001441437,0.0003703356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984117,0.0008543148,0.0002640122,0.0003132764,0.00007891589,0.00007782618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009651909,0.00001246721,0.9943838,0.000003940475,0.00002403051,0.00004993625,0.00138711,0.00006753622,0.0001795681,0.0002728848,0.0006816227,0.00284061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005508016,0.0002133146,0.9918982,0.00001801689,0.00004099044,0.0006686337,0.0004366004,0.001844598,0.00003249426,0.003390162,0.0007814924,0.0001246565],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.981275,0.006063118,0.0008053404,0.002998285,0.0004606122,0.0002119375,0.00006825394,0.00004774347,0.008069719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977557,0.0003736987,0.0007591198,0.0005543217,0.0002060072,0.000003517239,0.0002474042,0.000003404393,0.00009682801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04699632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139532522","doi":"10.1111/pala.12196","title":"The molecular record of Cryogenian sponges – a response to Antcliffe (2013)","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Marine Sponges and Natural Products","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","keywords":"Paleontology; Sponge; Geology; Biology; Zoology","authors":[{"name":"Gordon D. Love","is_ca":false},{"name":"Roger E. Summons","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01266897206867412,"gpt":0.2679517599796148,"spread":0.2552827879109407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007959902,0.0001472615,0.0001928759,0.00005072062,0.00005392866,0.000009962462,0.0003498115,0.0001422242,0.0000110324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001306367,0.0001056221,0.00007615391,0.0001288217,0.0001207373,0.000001949411,0.0002094521,0.00009160914,0.00002435244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001128142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001036473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001386469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008889188,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986661,0.0003072585,0.0002367428,0.000342154,0.0001280161,0.0003197283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988428,0.00005578378,0.00009221165,0.0006137047,0.0002234845,0.0001720539],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006765253,0.00005325077,0.008419283,0.00001280002,0.0001015336,0.00003311119,0.0001190354,0.00002079849,0.9244506,0.0005655965,0.01821845,0.04124033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006932938,0.001331039,0.01826779,0.00000566186,0.00002074563,0.00007462058,0.00009782518,0.00001641583,0.158207,0.0004335968,0.8206236,0.0002284377],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861373,0.003224691,0.0001312942,0.008618039,0.0004465227,0.0002294035,0.000007352719,0.00001103885,0.001194301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960132,0.0001795656,0.001114235,0.0003855338,0.0001350213,0.00002004394,0.00001123184,0.00001684016,0.002124286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8024051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4307146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2729864196","doi":"10.1111/pala.12315","title":"Vase‐shaped microfossils from the Tonian Callison Lake Formation of Yukon, Canada: taxonomy, taphonomy and stratigraphic palaeobiology","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NASA Astrobiology Institute; Dartmouth College; Harvard University; Williams College; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Geology; Paleontology; Taphonomy; Stromatolite; Conodont; Supercontinent; Authigenic; Chemostratigraphy; Sedimentary depositional environment; Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point; Sedimentary rock; Biostratigraphy; Craton; Isotopes of carbon; Ecology; Carbonate; Biology; Structural basin","authors":[{"name":"Phoebe Cohen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Spencer W. Irvine","is_ca":false},{"name":"Justin V. Strauss","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02444752059314242,"gpt":0.2091434824189331,"spread":0.1846959618257907,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002805605,0.0002220404,0.0004322516,0.00004918612,0.0007496767,0.00005616588,0.000610931,0.0002374367,0.0002341498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001102665,0.0001589136,0.00007723145,0.00005219301,0.0009535205,0.000250457,0.000007761334,0.0002538018,0.000003189616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003164463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002618602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6360823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9983215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984673,0.000226681,0.0004315175,0.0003400867,0.0001081187,0.0004262691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982776,0.0005229225,0.0004841335,0.0005280573,0.00005865323,0.000128649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005590306,0.000007750238,0.9298388,0.00001038732,0.00005801029,0.00001684276,0.000179132,0.000001939569,0.0001292581,0.0002425379,0.0004516814,0.06900779],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004769798,0.00009822991,0.991113,0.00001377687,0.00004295397,0.00003812681,0.0002019791,0.0004866094,0.0001666137,0.0007743414,0.006413849,0.0001735579],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.975695,0.00844837,0.0002422628,0.002042296,0.00048556,0.0003510385,0.0006758321,0.00001620543,0.01204342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989833,0.0002244063,0.0004652577,0.0001444347,0.00008235111,0.0000107296,0.00007913327,0.000001129812,0.000009251235],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3622392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6480308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002989484","doi":"10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00407.x","title":"A new pachyostotic squamate reptile from the Cenomanian of France","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University College London; University of Alberta; Le Mans Université","keywords":"Cenomanian; Paleontology; Squamata; Lizard; Geology; Taxon; Phanerozoic; Mesozoic; Cretaceous; Structural basin; Cenozoic","authors":[{"name":"Jean‐Claude Rage","is_ca":false},{"name":"Didier Néraudeau","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008647710467951928,"gpt":0.1951017739376951,"spread":0.1864540634697432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001402747,0.000121643,0.0002433749,0.00002821061,0.000125905,0.000003884901,0.0003509763,0.0001733627,0.00219187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008005367,0.00008213545,0.00006543881,0.0001171084,0.0003389475,0.0000602028,0.00001123273,0.0001643063,0.000478063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003476461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001084712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02257012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07775392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989582,0.0001361425,0.0002468042,0.0002617183,0.00007775333,0.0003194143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991443,0.0003279644,0.0001205665,0.0003008761,0.00002200001,0.00008425376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006073567,0.00001074376,0.9828903,0.0000026729,0.00003110322,0.00001963743,0.0004798217,0.0004052951,0.00006717852,0.001482209,0.0003642332,0.01418606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004704721,0.0001311162,0.9737405,0.000007685205,0.00001881555,0.00006492413,0.00008378037,0.0001171093,0.0000532478,0.01916072,0.006059587,0.00009209248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.973251,0.007912511,0.001705943,0.005190363,0.0007685257,0.0001364172,0.00009663904,0.0000451345,0.01089341],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966235,0.00007323853,0.002377873,0.0005441577,0.0001502095,0.000001025401,0.00007152618,0.000001829604,0.0001566469],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0551838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4293428505","doi":"10.1111/pala.12618","title":"Planetary‐scale change to the biosphere signalled by global species translocations can be used to identify the Anthropocene","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Anthropocene; Biosphere; Paleontology; Appropriation; Fossil Record; Geography; Geology; Domestication; Global change; Ecology; Climate change; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Mark Williams","is_ca":false},{"name":"Reinhold Leinfelder","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anthony D. Barnosky","is_ca":false},{"name":"Martin J. Head","is_ca":true},{"name":"Francine M.G. McCarthy","is_ca":true},{"name":"Alejandro Cearreta","is_ca":false},{"name":"Stephen Himson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Rachael Holmes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colin N. Waters","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jan Zalasiewicz","is_ca":false},{"name":"Simon Turner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary McGann","is_ca":false},{"name":"Elizabeth A. Hadly","is_ca":false},{"name":"M. Allison Stegner","is_ca":false},{"name":"Paul Michael Pilkington","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jérôme Kaiser","is_ca":false},{"name":"Juan Carlos Berrío","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ian P. Wilkinson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jens Zinke","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kristine L. DeLong","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05928743789239996,"gpt":0.3344015693339609,"spread":0.2751141314415609,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005641544,0.0001494848,0.0002476492,0.0000307814,0.002153451,0.00003234998,0.001004102,0.00007037085,0.002595841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005962744,0.0001077189,0.00007582509,0.000589332,0.0007219617,0.00004032275,0.0001814465,0.000189533,0.00004270357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001512168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001540424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009675709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7718702,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976859,0.0007687209,0.0002266329,0.0003495715,0.0003664121,0.0006027748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991453,0.0002510321,0.00006622182,0.0003147902,0.00004192343,0.0001807096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002181233,0.0003537595,0.5124541,0.00001103841,0.000186012,0.00005962238,0.2682588,0.0003279799,0.001455657,0.0409235,0.1655851,0.01016637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003607089,0.0002439989,0.3177927,0.000002621178,0.00003655185,0.00001561369,0.02693684,0.00002742258,0.00007632324,0.0009591109,0.6533172,0.00023089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6317635,0.0005931065,0.0003442362,0.3611822,0.0008103611,0.0008310284,0.0007361972,0.00005497109,0.003684406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912232,0.00006070714,0.0001186506,0.007128859,0.0002870804,0.0004422911,0.00006594903,0.000008948138,0.000664277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7621945,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2080927492","doi":"10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00384.x","title":"Late Eocene and early Oligocene teleost and associated ichthyofauna of the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum, Egypt","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"","keywords":"Characiformes; Paleontology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biology; Geology; Ecology; Fishery","authors":[{"name":"Alison M. Murray","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01025337329862599,"gpt":0.188206713141606,"spread":0.17795333984298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001776938,0.0001149138,0.0002491815,0.000009327913,0.000301898,0.0000073121,0.0001251837,0.0002157732,0.00001841182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001379908,0.00004130579,0.00004147476,0.0001318224,0.0004201915,0.00007108467,0.00009149817,0.0001177001,0.000004064916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001334891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005079404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004822719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01177161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992145,0.00008528956,0.0002143369,0.0001812882,0.00005038951,0.0002541984],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995725,0.0001603491,0.000130659,0.00004113023,0.00005776348,0.00003756901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002665274,0.00004860888,0.9833447,0.000006954632,0.00005370907,0.000002049202,0.0004643759,0.00000105121,0.01104519,0.0007219674,0.00007785266,0.004206865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003528997,0.0002263271,0.99354,0.000009363526,0.00002545154,0.00002023435,0.0001192861,0.000002975395,0.001125453,0.004186413,0.0003052034,0.00008635448],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906998,0.0008884836,0.000001409299,0.007455412,0.0001181534,0.000138927,0.00002203093,0.00002491749,0.0006508505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999124,0.0003335676,0.00002321039,0.0004160339,0.0000292926,0.000008711257,0.000006632386,5.90065e-7,0.0000579695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01128934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6568834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2513057828","doi":"10.1111/pala.12258","title":"How far did feedback between biodiversity and early diagenesis affect the nature of Early Palaeozoic sea floors?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Ordovician; Paleozoic; Geology; Paleontology; Diagenesis; Carbonate; Bioturbation; Precambrian; Phanerozoic; Carbonate platform; Devonian; Sediment; Sedimentary depositional environment; Cenozoic","authors":[{"name":"V. Paul Wright","is_ca":false},{"name":"Lesley Cherns","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01397760429164024,"gpt":0.2081276993767171,"spread":0.1941500950850769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003511951,0.0002226048,0.0004249721,0.0001081276,0.0002845588,0.00003613193,0.0004300276,0.0004422863,0.00008000495],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001205971,0.0001215179,0.0001434605,0.0001841378,0.0009933708,0.0002360331,0.00001028778,0.0002666189,0.00002483187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002159585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002983254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00171259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01123518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983907,0.0003842599,0.0001875062,0.0003977362,0.0001856177,0.0004541873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983,0.001023459,0.0001653346,0.0003098801,0.00004999727,0.0001513136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006032682,0.000005808274,0.8681504,0.00001146003,0.0001016703,0.00001462282,0.0002166142,7.476848e-8,0.00008614465,0.00006348154,0.0001235265,0.1311659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004843162,0.0003385223,0.9973508,0.00001257452,0.00008420178,0.00001505909,0.00005649832,0.000002533298,0.0002835303,0.0006009634,0.0005974676,0.0001735247],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9826304,0.01101069,0.00009172065,0.003555898,0.0002748384,0.0002030806,0.0003030582,0.00003566917,0.00189468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993156,0.0003828493,0.0001081504,0.00004886868,0.00008232106,0.000001681787,0.00000545496,0.000001114446,0.0000539305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1309924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6269497,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2850388562","doi":"10.1111/pala.12383","title":"Three new naraoiid species from the Burgess Shale, with a morphometric and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Naraoiidae","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Earth Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cladogram; Biology; Paleontology; Cladistics; Canyon; Clade; Genus; Phylogenetic tree; Zoology; Geology","authors":[{"name":"Benjamin Mayers","is_ca":true},{"name":"Cédric Aria","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jean‐Bernard Caron","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02434009034636747,"gpt":0.2045043703299229,"spread":0.1801642799835555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001635715,0.0001588163,0.0002788654,0.0001107745,0.0001854794,0.00002008479,0.0002654772,0.0001303479,0.0004667225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009294501,0.00009834886,0.00003734308,0.00043392,0.001547969,0.00008037321,0.000003695596,0.0001307411,0.00001385871],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001175667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007481987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007912053,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09334282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989322,0.00009506106,0.0002276747,0.0003086358,0.0001643315,0.0002720359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988728,0.0005230035,0.0001579708,0.0002680296,0.00005802806,0.0001201704],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008748951,0.000005825459,0.9436073,0.000004360846,0.00005489333,0.000008069507,0.0004531883,0.000002021525,0.0002376659,0.0003493103,0.0002454939,0.0549444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003898419,0.0005023886,0.989937,0.00001620238,0.00004542666,0.00005136288,0.0001070486,0.0003803513,0.0003325999,0.007917727,0.0001952569,0.0001247605],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721791,0.01432482,0.00106067,0.0007163646,0.0001773499,0.000159965,0.00004209422,0.00002044661,0.01131921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969962,0.0001029853,0.002542242,0.0001032969,0.000207598,0.000001477089,0.00001249861,0.000001270252,0.00003248555],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08543076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2166567416","doi":"10.1111/pala.12081","title":"New<scp>M</scp>iddle<scp>C</scp>ambrian bivalved arthropods from the<scp>B</scp>urgess<scp>S</scp>hale (<scp>B</scp>ritish<scp>C</scp>olumbia,<scp>C</scp>anada)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Appendage; Taxon; Biology; Arthropod; Zoology; Stereochemistry; Evolutionary biology; Chemistry; Anatomy; Paleontology","authors":[{"name":"David Legg","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Bernard Caron","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01847084950095854,"gpt":0.2309522007860141,"spread":0.2124813512850555,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006496172,0.005196465,0.006955519,0.002412959,0.00564313,0.002251726,0.009753953,0.007616899,0.002726873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06129232,0.005057652,0.002708947,0.004457754,0.007038505,0.003057767,0.002491266,0.009106289,0.02099206],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004393898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003359329,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05106807,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1732099,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9609179,0.007225484,0.005701914,0.008241119,0.004196914,0.01371662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8988752,0.08447684,0.003319605,0.005925484,0.001678245,0.005724654],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001817234,0.0007100662,0.5804614,0.000289461,0.001708784,0.001236809,0.004591705,0.0002049878,0.0009207237,0.0006357023,0.4030476,0.006174554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005046998,0.001820594,0.5058652,0.0002271319,0.0006734678,0.001188717,0.01607332,0.002551154,0.001375303,0.008216547,0.456614,0.0003476522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8184898,0.02267063,0.0004677919,0.001432517,0.01051711,0.005116712,0.002004283,0.001686132,0.1376151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8184029,0.01074879,0.002784697,0.007348536,0.007888995,0.00107554,0.006572241,0.0007123324,0.144466],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1221418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2614764321","doi":"10.1111/pala.12298","title":"Protracted growth impedes the detection of sexual dimorphism in non‐avian dinosaurs","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"","keywords":"Sexual dimorphism; Biology; Predation; Taphonomy; Alligator; Vertebrate; Ecology; Evolutionary biology; Lineage (genetic); Zoology; Taxon; Survivorship curve; Fossil Record","authors":[{"name":"David W. E. Hone","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jordan C. Mallon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01588298728611009,"gpt":0.2343417088539451,"spread":0.218458721567835,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003659592,0.00012427,0.0002438039,0.00008340043,0.000392925,0.00001091195,0.0004853363,0.0002375055,0.0001830398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003020907,0.00008433715,0.00003316414,0.00006610985,0.0008380364,0.0001644414,0.00001846551,0.0002590586,0.00006001261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003950321,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003636943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0145994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2688314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988625,0.0001999661,0.0002549327,0.0002584487,0.00007533941,0.0003488343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999104,0.0002296512,0.0002295371,0.0003473441,0.00004006721,0.00004946092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001259977,0.00001754783,0.9775511,0.00001072008,0.00001851527,0.00001928226,0.0001899789,0.000008214131,0.001897554,0.0001238361,0.00001239191,0.02002487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003349054,0.0002481446,0.9960216,0.00000463224,0.00001668532,0.00009005931,0.00009864111,0.000896895,0.0002417553,0.001813517,0.0001359566,0.00009725786],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912802,0.0004977933,0.00009956445,0.001354207,0.0006240395,0.0002377292,0.0000217787,0.00001655014,0.005868122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996558,0.0000430946,0.00005699934,0.00006311607,0.00009028963,0.000009212102,0.0000217743,0.000001683013,0.00005800128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.254232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9919625,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1562867642","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01130.x","title":"A revision of the anatomy of the Early Devonian jawed vertebrate<i>Ptomacanthus anglicus</i>Miles","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Uppsala Universitet; Vetenskapsrådet","keywords":"Chondrichthyes; Biology; Paleontology; Context (archaeology); Monophyly; Devonian; Vertebrate; Taxon; Genus; Anatomy; Elasmobranchii; Cladistics; Evolutionary biology; SPINE (molecular biology); Zoology; Phylogenetics; Bioinformatics","authors":[{"name":"Martin Brazeau","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006584335341764331,"gpt":0.2344254304930848,"spread":0.2278410951513204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002789636,0.0001129385,0.0002242678,0.00001811944,0.00009997192,0.000001244557,0.0005090574,0.0001735758,0.0008913682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001165088,0.00006000651,0.0001019779,0.000201368,0.0009197626,0.00006021121,0.0004344306,0.0001505169,0.00008393962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000286672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000156711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001008835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001569904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988171,0.0003431905,0.000248465,0.0001549078,0.000109238,0.0003271026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992524,0.00008749674,0.0001724737,0.0004296998,0.00001171908,0.00004616845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003203359,0.00005383008,0.9880808,0.000006219956,0.00001466898,4.680615e-7,0.0005535341,0.000002434071,0.005075373,0.001573578,0.000801212,0.003805851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002355961,0.00007206471,0.9708288,0.000007385261,0.00002538904,0.00002729907,0.00003890194,0.00001670024,0.01014785,0.0002552086,0.01827427,0.00007056838],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885364,0.0002404905,0.00001355037,0.0006380628,0.0005278386,0.0001917689,0.000005704888,0.000009511143,0.009836705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993039,0.00001749039,0.0001036431,0.0003154484,0.00003014537,0.000005480014,0.000001027091,0.000005705566,0.0002171139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01747306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9759857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2155072505","doi":"10.1111/pala.12164","title":"Early Pennsylvanian (Langsettian) fish assemblages from the Joggins Formation, Canada, and their implications for palaeoecology and palaeogeography","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Bell (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Pennsylvanian; Paleoecology; Paleontology; Context (archaeology); Euryhaline; Ecology; Biology; Palaeogeography; Taxon","authors":[{"name":"David K. Carpenter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Howard J. Falcon‐Lang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Michael J. Benton","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melissa Grey","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01145349967637379,"gpt":0.2132179373165725,"spread":0.2017644376401987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002478738,0.0001663265,0.0002215944,0.00002338066,0.0002622031,0.00001609743,0.0003139304,0.0001707924,0.00007749577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002134584,0.0001142582,0.00003110632,0.00007571862,0.0004783977,0.0001013658,0.0002749636,0.0001231136,0.00001190245],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004926153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004949761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2773577,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9573857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989102,0.0001592623,0.0002090868,0.0003213735,0.00003690723,0.0003631593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987746,0.0006227294,0.00009285053,0.0003357431,0.00002772279,0.0001463233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002824672,0.00001480901,0.9643476,0.000002089098,0.000031987,9.90468e-7,0.001033287,0.000001521144,0.0002588974,0.001023948,0.02702983,0.006226819],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004688041,0.0001091904,0.902627,9.617053e-7,0.00002433254,0.00004773123,0.0002897727,0.00004480068,0.00003144514,0.01243775,0.08379309,0.0001251282],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9685845,0.0002495696,0.00057627,0.02868944,0.0002115317,0.0003639853,0.0001650507,0.00002815066,0.001131477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951892,0.00005967706,0.0004326896,0.003921988,0.00006204011,0.0001527507,0.0001039667,0.000008998936,0.0000686864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.680028,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7274544,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2104265893","doi":"10.1111/pala.12206","title":"The <i><scp>B</scp>eothukis</i>/<i><scp>C</scp>ulmofrons</i> problem and its bearing on <scp>E</scp>diacaran macrofossil taxonomy: evidence from an exceptional new fossil locality","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Cambridge Philosophical Society; National Geographic Society","keywords":"Macrofossil; Taxon; Biology; Evolutionary biology; Synapomorphy; Paleontology; Taxonomy (biology); Genus; Zoology; Ecology; Phylogenetics; Clade","authors":[{"name":"Alexander Liu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jack Matthews","is_ca":false},{"name":"Duncan McIlroy","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05922486044515456,"gpt":0.2612705240238636,"spread":0.202045663578709,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001943256,0.0008522567,0.001003634,0.0002186005,0.001308738,0.0004137891,0.001394921,0.000842638,0.000045314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002567499,0.0006828441,0.0002723574,0.0004809033,0.001371018,0.001121936,0.00004747999,0.001237692,0.0002640898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003474932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008012528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007745993,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06281686,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933934,0.001268094,0.001021562,0.001642029,0.0008368483,0.00183805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875293,0.009221713,0.0006007186,0.0009264341,0.0002325767,0.001489236],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005588659,0.0001078375,0.9154989,0.00004304343,0.0002477285,0.0001150147,0.003590971,0.00040311,0.0001661898,0.0008154273,0.02180432,0.05715162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001281957,0.000777071,0.9267897,0.0001103505,0.0001366317,0.0001496429,0.00224554,0.00263973,0.0002886124,0.011629,0.05380256,0.0001491831],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8551006,0.08184077,0.0009971801,0.0007753182,0.00140766,0.001042279,0.0003051615,0.0002568956,0.05827412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940048,0.001186127,0.001894474,0.000514901,0.0008853677,0.00007377801,0.00009196288,0.00001466924,0.001333873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1389042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066082604","doi":"10.1111/1475-4983.00266","title":"A Reappraisal Of <i>Coletta Seca</i>, A Basal Procolophonoid Reptile From The Lower Triassic Of South Africa","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto","funders":"National Research Foundation; McGill University","keywords":"Gondwana; Autapomorphy; Paleontology; Sister group; Taxon; Permian; Fibrous joint; Geology; Snout; Biology; Basal (medicine); Clade; Phylogenetic tree; Anatomy; Tectonics","authors":[{"name":"Sean P. Modesto","is_ca":true},{"name":"R Damiani","is_ca":false},{"name":"Hans‐Dieter Sues","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02432842497420039,"gpt":0.2088685306587179,"spread":0.1845401056845175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003390649,0.0001717315,0.0004624548,0.00005907383,0.0001106718,0.000003416976,0.0004528001,0.0002914492,0.006025383],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003266355,0.0001147268,0.0001312525,0.000239356,0.0008149311,0.00006422059,0.00002156017,0.000236913,0.0002363022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000213125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005212957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000966015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007260029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981495,0.0004604609,0.000484958,0.0003603008,0.0001411679,0.0004036094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979649,0.001183223,0.0003216828,0.0003928322,0.00006315808,0.00007416929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007587676,0.0001736207,0.9731091,0.00001517511,0.0001432411,0.00003496913,0.004389804,0.00006338528,0.0003901002,0.0002442763,0.01164545,0.009032101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009515235,0.0006561561,0.9774678,0.0000126509,0.00005977033,0.00003103249,0.0003804955,0.00251297,0.00007165204,0.001125657,0.01656255,0.0001676825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9422134,0.006731126,0.0001444244,0.002057734,0.001044474,0.0004328138,0.0004786626,0.00004402621,0.04685329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987021,0.00005356517,0.0005887999,0.0002187396,0.0001460342,0.00001068459,0.00004589136,0.000002946844,0.0002312095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05648868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9948832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018536036","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00434.x","title":"The marine diapsid reptile <i>Endennasaurus</i> from the Upper Triassic of Italy","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Postcrania; Paleontology; Rostrum; Genus; Geology; Clade; Biology; Phylogenetic tree; Zoology; Taxon","authors":[{"name":"Johannes Müller","is_ca":true},{"name":"Silvio Renesto","is_ca":false},{"name":"Susan E. Evans","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01038438570717019,"gpt":0.2067964711747784,"spread":0.1964120854676082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000496279,0.0001484037,0.0002639816,0.00002583102,0.0003741956,0.000009534226,0.0005649434,0.0001893469,0.00336054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002371498,0.00007677139,0.0001153592,0.0001179856,0.0008159228,0.00008563088,0.00003570483,0.0002511164,0.0005389597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004594262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005990327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003259523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1591289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983795,0.0004204061,0.0003750477,0.0002820338,0.0001183405,0.0004246238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970489,0.002239876,0.0001680958,0.0004372717,0.00004069345,0.00006512246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001854166,0.00001515979,0.8996624,0.000001005317,0.00006052647,0.000004652927,0.0001450207,0.00003908508,0.00003094839,0.0008051709,0.005418069,0.09363259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003350609,0.00008380624,0.8618019,0.000001925586,0.00002513008,0.00004375204,0.0001295828,0.0008353326,0.00002685265,0.00365843,0.1329723,0.00008586263],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8986189,0.01284379,0.00006490495,0.01843921,0.001349497,0.0002368885,0.0001822901,0.00005177514,0.06821275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967365,0.0005986894,0.0003788128,0.0008891821,0.0004136792,0.000005455967,0.0001402333,0.000002368626,0.0008351197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1558693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066284411","doi":"10.1111/pala.12048","title":"A new specimen of the<scp>T</scp>riassic pistosauroid<i><scp>Y</scp>unguisaurus</i>, with implications for the origin of<scp>P</scp>lesiosauria (<scp>R</scp>eptilia,<scp>S</scp>auropterygia)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Palaeontology","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Museum of Nature","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biology; Anatomy; Holotype; Ontogeny; Evolutionary biology; Zoology; Taxonomy (biology); Genetics","authors":[{"name":"Tamaki Sato","is_ca":true},{"name":"Lijun Zhao","is_ca":false},{"name":"Xiao‐Chun Wu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chun Li","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02004139342380703,"gpt":0.231106412929127,"spread":0.21106501950532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001426238,0.001483568,0.002206923,0.0006021927,0.001392666,0.0001395841,0.003587551,0.001507676,0.0002356945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007615442,0.001048552,0.0008702985,0.00156399,0.002981279,0.0006700573,0.0002873257,0.00148014,0.001028847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008812997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001258834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01835491,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9902878,0.001393053,0.002141235,0.002184812,0.0008235017,0.003169596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9674973,0.02618714,0.002011514,0.002646682,0.0007403742,0.0009169976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000283704,0.0003184198,0.7225884,0.000167818,0.0009003681,0.00003003845,0.002912317,0.0005428387,0.0029981,0.006395893,0.2602291,0.002888452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001953597,0.0009567771,0.6902997,0.00007010835,0.0004754529,0.0004909493,0.002688997,0.0008302316,0.0007294992,0.006367713,0.2950231,0.0001138398],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8942572,0.01540595,0.003775799,0.001912158,0.003743328,0.004125164,0.001527696,0.0003788952,0.07487382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9625961,0.001345719,0.006213774,0.001850888,0.001670781,0.0004417331,0.0008348665,0.0001164955,0.02492971],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06833884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}