{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":51,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":51,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"8015ab81600e","filters":{"venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization"}},"results":[{"id":"W3011790173","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900419","title":"Metal Nanoparticle–Microbe Interactions: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effects","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Biosynthesis; Biofilm; Microorganism; Metal; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Metal ions in aqueous solution; Antimicrobial; Biomass (ecology); Combinatorial chemistry; Nanotechnology; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Biology; Enzyme; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01793518722415249,"gpt":0.236666893659909,"spread":0.2187317064357565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002750763,0.0002032372,0.0003168067,0.00002550919,0.000240463,0.0003430046,0.000140088,0.00005195769,0.0001126232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002300628,0.0001959791,0.00005618454,0.0003480635,0.0001053633,0.0006576059,0.00009648845,0.00008405424,0.0007707074],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000379058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002591077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005137921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004577182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981446,0.0002499108,0.0005214551,0.0004829387,0.000197993,0.0004031321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989726,0.0001632818,0.0002001663,0.0002702239,0.0000856914,0.0003080545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006143692,0.0001067513,0.003223819,0.0001050799,0.00001598552,0.000004880547,0.0008590781,0.00003966133,0.9923449,0.002426286,0.00004783059,0.0007642911],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003892093,0.00005240934,0.008963054,0.00004587506,0.00007740294,0.0000247875,0.0001077842,0.04015844,0.9487901,0.000005534621,0.001160293,0.0002251615],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933814,0.00007784717,0.002867941,0.002359542,0.0003487938,0.0005920833,0.00004320004,0.000302518,0.00002672026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988006,0.00001934359,0.00006705472,0.0005385517,0.0002224586,0.0002575073,0.00001501879,0.00003510506,0.00004435296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04355485,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9906141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2968677929","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900195","title":"Multidisciplinary Role of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Brain Regeneration and Cancers: From Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier to Treatment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Taipei Medical University","keywords":"Blood–brain barrier; Drug delivery; Mesoporous silica; Drug delivery to the brain; Nanotechnology; Drug; Neuroscience; Medicine; Materials science; Mesoporous material; Pharmacology; Chemistry; Psychology; Central nervous system","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01055604105217707,"gpt":0.2397003663771995,"spread":0.2291443253250224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006438733,0.0002214466,0.0003535961,0.00005275608,0.0001816192,0.0002675295,0.0001539415,0.00006903586,0.0001326782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001295202,0.000176035,0.00003995655,0.0003946962,0.000129496,0.0005007702,0.00008935261,0.00004839506,0.0002100999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001566437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001039993,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001920821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003656985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975293,0.0004704865,0.0006991114,0.0005284161,0.0003094494,0.0004632776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986862,0.0002767838,0.0002514363,0.0005248772,0.00007398365,0.0001867081],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001506251,0.000160013,0.1138512,0.00001838081,0.00001363295,0.000003798684,0.006112888,0.003675775,0.8745694,0.0002972749,0.00000369997,0.001143404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001096452,0.0002389266,0.06829241,0.00007711267,0.00002764424,0.000003644617,0.0009063438,0.0757059,0.8532898,0.00002466518,0.0001575261,0.0001795771],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969108,0.0003196862,0.00008368312,0.001170457,0.0001861988,0.001156318,0.00007196442,0.00008361645,0.00001726728],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990754,0.000005790492,0.00009104567,0.000108347,0.00008981247,0.0002187815,0.00001762704,0.00004596812,0.0003472195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07203013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7178499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2737115369","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700141","title":"High Rate and Long Cycle Life of a CNT/rGO/Si Nanoparticle Composite Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Anode; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Composite number; Graphene; Lithium (medication); Battery (electricity); Electrolyte; Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Carbon nanotube; Electrochemistry; Oxide; Composite material; Electrode; Chemistry; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01748014775806601,"gpt":0.2457611246632584,"spread":0.2282809769051924,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000465795,0.000237348,0.0004350941,0.00003214182,0.0003344751,0.000381016,0.0002027234,0.00007537727,0.00002201598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001381979,0.0002459959,0.00003384161,0.0000758261,0.0001412717,0.001133836,0.0000920054,0.00005000105,0.00002956787],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000421872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001187501,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003260386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000491735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982262,0.0001146051,0.0007293755,0.0003014791,0.0001742284,0.0004541452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987096,0.00008077062,0.0003415056,0.0005934115,0.0001106948,0.0001640061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001214181,0.00005670869,0.04499578,0.0004028227,0.00004837313,0.000001967047,0.0005702827,0.002675665,0.9498344,0.0007191237,0.000009292378,0.0005641446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001022887,0.00007919861,0.1677501,0.0001197794,0.00004405263,0.000003981135,0.00005524953,0.06928657,0.7612343,0.00008593059,0.00008281344,0.0002350217],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985829,0.00008050274,0.01168025,0.0002761596,0.001041596,0.000766889,0.00011844,0.0001969944,0.00001014151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999082,0.00003199386,0.0001876599,0.00005989258,0.0002080255,0.0002566657,0.00004748962,0.00006595998,0.00006031932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1886001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026608464","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201300225","title":"Optimized Synthetic Protocols for Preparation of Versatile Plasmonic Platform Based on Silver Nanoparticles with Pentagonal Symmetries","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Materials science; Nanoparticle; Plasmon; Hydrogen peroxide; Surface plasmon resonance; Silver nanoparticle; Nanosphere lithography; Nanotechnology; Pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Crystallography; Optoelectronics; Crystal structure; Fabrication; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02369860981380529,"gpt":0.2627008340973057,"spread":0.2390022242835004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004634878,0.0002321188,0.0003799539,0.0000530864,0.0002479456,0.0002764633,0.0001943808,0.00007042389,0.0002477605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001226202,0.0001813543,0.00008169052,0.000320249,0.0001331029,0.0007016311,0.00002376953,0.00004594043,0.0002108618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006649655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008093208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004363139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002849403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977927,0.0001204966,0.000734477,0.0004362385,0.0004398942,0.0004762175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982843,0.000307207,0.000424413,0.0004662607,0.0003522846,0.0001655576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006106038,0.0004715276,0.003208391,0.000100372,0.0000142506,3.084772e-7,0.0002957835,0.009135194,0.9824876,0.003205602,0.00003008856,0.0004402708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001355382,0.0005083639,0.004594625,0.00012516,0.0000366285,0.000001524843,0.0001630938,0.2514027,0.7414888,0.00002862048,0.0001158641,0.0001792055],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9870146,0.000008138865,0.003544034,0.0003025528,0.0000727893,0.00880749,0.00007643475,0.0001266473,0.00004734824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823123,0.00000100948,0.000661023,0.00006756114,0.00004768716,0.01676373,0.00004043437,0.00003450303,0.00007173343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2422675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7395414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2105521207","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390011","title":"A Predictive Model for the Initial Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in Sprays and Comparison with Experiments","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Breakup; Nozzle; Mechanics; Instability; Wavelength; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02855758830921673,"gpt":0.2696469842539596,"spread":0.2410893959447429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003224727,0.0001617612,0.0002101847,0.0000168745,0.0001644043,0.000119823,0.00006043561,0.0000571855,0.000002353473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001259105,0.0001355535,0.0000160288,0.0002076364,0.00009998272,0.000328993,0.00002013443,0.0000933138,0.000002395426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008707861,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001920298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001210166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002532178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988247,0.00008662406,0.0003656498,0.0002259365,0.0001439288,0.0003531957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993854,0.0002002501,0.00005638466,0.0001941288,0.00005562065,0.0001082096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002282342,0.0002391078,0.1515193,0.0001346904,0.0001074816,0.000003204868,0.007384947,0.1996349,0.6259067,0.01414854,0.00001152511,0.0006813803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00106377,0.00005930849,0.05359585,0.00002843712,0.00003188879,0.000007256147,0.0003445139,0.9202161,0.02442662,0.00003956549,0.00003355706,0.0001530705],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7917176,0.0001324312,0.2071147,0.00004394646,0.00009331985,0.0007174531,0.00007937784,0.00008625694,0.00001487731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989893,0.00002137926,0.0002573586,0.00001180067,0.00002668768,0.0006348566,0.00001892584,0.00002929889,0.00001037722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7205813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5527712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2142843853","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390034","title":"Primary Break‐up of a Viscous Liquid Jet in a Cross Airflow","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Airflow; Nozzle; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Break-Up; Wind tunnel; Lubrication; Cross section (physics); Transverse plane; Viscosity; Materials science; Physics; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Structural engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009200332806151509,"gpt":0.2158159548949119,"spread":0.2066156220887604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003727053,0.0001805842,0.0003209155,0.00005590341,0.00004261867,0.00006746839,0.00009266777,0.00009384355,0.00003441664],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002589219,0.0001860408,0.00005586924,0.0004126047,0.00004332243,0.0003713791,0.00001036732,0.00009583546,0.00005329801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009625549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003036196,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004282141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002360978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983799,0.0001009869,0.000667223,0.0002167366,0.0002139996,0.0004211118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994545,0.00003343502,0.00004092818,0.0002845425,0.00007336879,0.0001132136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006516452,0.0000986977,0.04912407,0.0002586065,0.00001920645,0.000005654424,0.0009128054,0.009499984,0.9362695,0.003591738,0.000003623815,0.0001509413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001532641,0.0001372297,0.1304591,0.0001342264,0.00001902966,0.00001722754,0.00006440906,0.4614997,0.4054428,0.00001405107,0.000357306,0.0003222197],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905077,0.0001737881,0.00792683,0.00002268546,0.0004861614,0.0003959529,0.00003175168,0.000150397,0.0003048002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996276,0.00005116214,0.00003028666,0.00002279826,0.00003934979,0.00009808606,0.00003126295,0.0000486831,0.00005081061],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5308267,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7586523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2536828501","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600218","title":"Formation of a Supported Lipid Bilayer on Faceted LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> Upconversion Nanoparticles","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fundación para el futuro de Colombia; Concordia University","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Lanthanide; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Bilayer; Materials science; Doping; Computer science; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Membrane; Ion; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0197183651371157,"gpt":0.2253369457779998,"spread":0.2056185806408841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001229605,0.0005508349,0.000792865,0.0001613705,0.0003191798,0.0002937614,0.0004753256,0.0002288496,0.0002619364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000582314,0.0004131176,0.0001476592,0.0006185933,0.0002790712,0.003331328,0.0001985144,0.0001025928,0.002009304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002880025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008846791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003762217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002414873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944483,0.0006928951,0.001845829,0.000883665,0.000962388,0.001166926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968866,0.0002051044,0.0009396847,0.000998906,0.0005641591,0.0004056153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007633821,0.000325166,0.003269,0.0002921956,0.00002410688,0.000008808839,0.002238828,0.002782959,0.988242,0.0001825262,0.0000486053,0.001822438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002094878,0.0004790503,0.002606757,0.0006056901,0.00006777711,0.00002565823,0.0005282037,0.03981084,0.9528672,0.00002172228,0.0003434478,0.0005487849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941458,0.0000353488,0.002142099,0.0009245224,0.0005410534,0.001505514,0.0001961501,0.0004933046,0.00001622656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998835,0.00006596581,0.00008280182,0.0001339743,0.0002925542,0.0003197804,0.00006847521,0.00009921534,0.0001022917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03702788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2900091283","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800326","title":"Temperature–Light Dual‐Responsive Au@PNIPAm Core‐Shell Microgel‐Based Optical Devices","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Grand Challenges Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Alberta","keywords":"Materials science; Photothermal therapy; Lower critical solution temperature; Surface plasmon resonance; Nanoparticle; Photothermal effect; Photonics; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Copolymer; Polymer; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01377701199943479,"gpt":0.2476140721586659,"spread":0.2338370601592311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003691282,0.000324104,0.0003478778,0.00004295798,0.0003644671,0.0003511648,0.0001895695,0.00009582974,0.0003288969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003766056,0.0003020962,0.0001109547,0.0004012986,0.0001822252,0.0005000818,0.0000865265,0.0001472722,0.001337592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001360624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001345987,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001074869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001348677,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975425,0.0001798967,0.0006498906,0.0005082994,0.0003845453,0.0007348403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984568,0.00007396355,0.0002604029,0.0005261782,0.0003642412,0.0003184332],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007665126,0.0003003096,0.09668671,0.00003486396,0.00006170732,0.000007306833,0.0006524018,0.00002844429,0.8858739,0.01585214,0.00006272021,0.0003628092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009423538,0.0002497421,0.06040845,0.00008776746,0.0000849354,0.000006910734,0.0005229758,0.03634625,0.8974025,0.00004910914,0.003452704,0.0004462762],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956208,0.00003352957,0.001193289,0.0006234323,0.0008104945,0.0006102384,0.0000858018,0.0001418907,0.0008805019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973336,6.204509e-7,0.0001203886,0.0001680706,0.001341453,0.0001263218,0.0001654972,0.00005931793,0.0006847294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03631781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3087181499","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202000208","title":"Interfacing DNA and Polydopamine Nanoparticles and Its Applications","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"DNA; Nanotechnology; Oligonucleotide; Biosensor; Nucleic acid; Combinatorial chemistry; Conjugate; Chemistry; Nanoparticle; Covalent bond; Materials science; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01492947426961387,"gpt":0.2480439693940736,"spread":0.2331144951244597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000113956,0.0001253166,0.0001443989,0.00001218906,0.0001131292,0.00007603972,0.00005062596,0.00005678452,0.000001039095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006793869,0.0001176456,0.00002152675,0.0001534516,0.00005232428,0.00001904497,0.0001024641,0.00004234708,0.000007332631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006194275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008777152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002989265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001584362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990499,0.00006804797,0.0002638235,0.0003355661,0.00008655585,0.000196116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995201,0.00001043978,0.0001005671,0.0001348443,0.00006824916,0.0001657791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003640495,0.00002384581,0.004288656,0.00003603505,0.00001902177,7.261564e-7,0.0001199995,0.000005403056,0.9912006,0.0003365077,0.000004018969,0.003928839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002254766,0.0001301517,0.003193666,0.00001448087,0.00002787172,0.00001267182,0.000115048,0.01921462,0.975652,0.000007046423,0.001260373,0.0001466121],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947919,0.0004462105,0.003554867,0.0007889303,0.00001959673,0.0002935934,0.00001747423,0.00007716863,0.00001031839],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992445,0.0001256245,0.00007920969,0.0002261266,0.0001680949,0.00005434105,0.00004093982,0.00001746052,0.00004367816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01920922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4797447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2546913360","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600242","title":"Development and Investigation of Ultrastable PbS/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dots for Near‐Infrared Tumor Imaging","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels","keywords":"Quantum dot; Photoluminescence; Luminescence; Nanoparticle; Infrared; Fluorescence; Materials science; Dispersion (optics); Preclinical imaging; Quantum yield; Nanotechnology; In vivo; Optoelectronics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02893003367900107,"gpt":0.2252268976234751,"spread":0.1962968639444741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008503935,0.0001623425,0.0002753607,0.00002851767,0.0002415168,0.0002176386,0.0001069309,0.00003339788,0.00004836987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001960677,0.0001153149,0.00002980103,0.0001284658,0.0001512397,0.0008868441,0.00003632188,0.00002158478,0.00005951857],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004744203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008476275,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003126436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002826551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982143,0.000146797,0.000681141,0.0003292873,0.0002389591,0.0003895159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989823,0.0001368773,0.0003396699,0.0002246341,0.0001772721,0.0001392731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008729942,0.0000342817,0.03497694,0.0001415622,0.000007457908,6.243278e-7,0.001658079,0.000008402498,0.9587122,0.001954014,0.00001226396,0.002406944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005463283,0.00004984699,0.0456424,0.0002074548,0.00001763679,0.000006274749,0.000242319,0.02572776,0.9259235,0.00008079017,0.001373459,0.0001821847],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905313,0.0001406039,0.008103162,0.0002760672,0.0002672875,0.0005343254,0.00004420502,0.00009263443,0.00001043805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989167,0.000007869421,0.0005890222,0.00004646287,0.00006295796,0.0002137858,0.00001072327,0.00002789011,0.0001246136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03278859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4702406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2995221000","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201900430","title":"Ratiometric pH Sensing in Living Cells Using Carbon Dots","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Fluorescence; Intracellular pH; Intracellular; Chemistry; Biophysics; Glutathione; Viability assay; Nanomaterials; Quantum dot; Cancer cell; Nanotechnology; Cell; Biochemistry; Materials science; Cancer; Biology; Enzyme","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0225663579322495,"gpt":0.250115291019706,"spread":0.2275489330874565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007818381,0.0001752236,0.0002946134,0.0001480288,0.00009393029,0.0002684479,0.0001229446,0.00007703457,0.0001024853],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006914623,0.0001817223,0.00004008948,0.001306124,0.00003455921,0.0004530212,0.00006329804,0.00008478219,0.000406203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001705897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000493134,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005306188,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002276942,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978312,0.0002596072,0.0006427074,0.0004389485,0.0003308999,0.0004966615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989647,0.0001294385,0.0002542892,0.000426656,0.00009650901,0.0001283916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001206545,0.00007535466,0.03782403,0.00004378478,0.000003044476,0.000002546908,0.0007425037,0.002460564,0.9581506,0.0004563119,6.596443e-7,0.0002284898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002184086,0.00001870689,0.03035356,0.00007092754,0.000009351121,0.000006595217,0.0001651207,0.4839852,0.4849733,0.000003741176,0.00004166909,0.000153391],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962992,0.00005045511,0.001844566,0.00005310263,0.0007641274,0.0007263893,0.000008527466,0.0001369976,0.0001166488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995322,0.000005993536,0.000080536,0.00004399567,0.0001301278,0.00002677395,0.000007817899,0.00003480919,0.0001377421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4815246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.741042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3042365350","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202000119","title":"Toward Uniform Optical Properties of Carbon Dots","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Quantum dot; Nanotechnology; Carbon quantum dots; Nanomaterials; Fluorescence; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Ultrafiltration (renal); Absorbance; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Chromatography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05869341270776791,"gpt":0.2414178301413389,"spread":0.182724417433571,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002521834,0.0001441911,0.0002803913,0.00001701669,0.00006695503,0.0001018528,0.0001575767,0.00005902571,0.00005798132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009670222,0.0001249963,0.00004780665,0.000337699,0.0001085761,0.0002658035,0.00006608428,0.00006080079,0.0002083762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003328336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004674363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007939096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002227858,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983527,0.00009219634,0.000602873,0.0003061533,0.0003255572,0.0003204917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991457,0.00002045607,0.0001921887,0.000268114,0.0001425977,0.0002308689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007179193,0.00008584607,0.002586361,0.000123715,0.000006900509,0.000001604579,0.001747308,0.0001662757,0.9837745,0.01123673,0.00000348745,0.0001954269],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003269198,0.00008236865,0.006351848,0.00003597742,0.00002398668,0.000004643971,0.0002663465,0.1142487,0.8782415,0.000008387657,0.0002666252,0.0001426754],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959047,0.00006363081,0.001392514,0.001555612,0.0001777998,0.0004811604,0.00001819438,0.0001827729,0.0002236012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994931,0.000008869984,0.0000312939,0.0001083046,0.000160647,0.0001166038,0.000009606102,0.00002363384,0.00004792674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1140825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5097201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904649384","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800346","title":"Fluorinated Boron Nitride Quantum Dots: A New 0D Material for Energy Conversion and Detection of Cellular Metabolism","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Cancer Institute; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Quantum dot; Boron nitride; Quantum yield; Heterojunction; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Band gap; Nitride; Fluorescence; Quantum efficiency; Semiconductor; Visible spectrum; Nanotechnology; Stokes shift; Photocatalysis; Absorption (acoustics); Chemistry; Catalysis; Luminescence; Physics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01400743324555188,"gpt":0.2282113434738858,"spread":0.2142039102283339,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003805831,0.0001614889,0.0002865062,0.00004915348,0.000187385,0.0001325505,0.0001035386,0.00008858827,0.00007195324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005683876,0.0001558477,0.00004468677,0.0002626641,0.0001159188,0.0003850204,0.00004534092,0.00002722878,0.00003733834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003791432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004062547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008374192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001593046,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984338,0.0001242868,0.0005567141,0.0003557736,0.0002039998,0.0003254712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989447,0.00004382156,0.0003186235,0.000287988,0.0002349187,0.0001699206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003008374,0.00006170691,0.0001713467,0.00005450542,0.00001020872,3.359917e-7,0.0003971177,0.000005480204,0.9877298,0.01047194,0.00001600403,0.0007807366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008744099,0.0001642189,0.003297777,0.00002349503,0.00005906795,0.00000469794,0.0001037364,0.08925611,0.9017492,0.0001002692,0.004208664,0.0001583611],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.943922,0.0000832677,0.05437719,0.0001121181,0.0008173418,0.0004778465,0.00008219069,0.000119021,0.000009045854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990535,0.00002007719,0.00004859456,0.00003231905,0.0004881653,0.0001310399,0.00006088553,0.00002853095,0.0001368684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08925063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6355283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2806846032","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800066","title":"Performances of a Pristine Graphene–Microbubble Hybrid Construct as Dual Imaging Contrast Agent and Assessment of Its Biodistribution by Photoacoustic Imaging","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"FujiFilm VisualSonics (Canada)","funders":"Seventh Framework Programme","keywords":"Graphene; Materials science; Biodistribution; Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine; Biocompatibility; Nanotechnology; Microbubbles; Nanoparticle; Photothermal therapy; Ultrasound; Biomedical engineering; In vivo; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006736492615354055,"gpt":0.2267934474626255,"spread":0.2200569548472715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003736635,0.0002051014,0.000332044,0.00005323637,0.0001258282,0.00008178505,0.00007930295,0.00002538065,0.00003460432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005376583,0.0002109339,0.00003862637,0.0002509363,0.0002385869,0.0004544602,0.00003081591,0.00008682964,0.0000068816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007272429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004595183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004881819,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.288589e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983491,0.00006684295,0.0006844769,0.0002467457,0.0002446735,0.0004081022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991578,0.00005531181,0.0002512922,0.0001825501,0.0002294946,0.0001235733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002001707,0.00005139452,0.06341673,0.0002919397,0.00003860179,0.000002915899,0.0002619793,0.0002969602,0.9336133,0.0001538815,0.00003294013,0.001819349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004844135,0.00002992955,0.01616485,0.0001299937,0.00004947895,0.00005179245,0.0001925959,0.5097627,0.472936,0.000003254841,0.00007009887,0.0001248807],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.941031,0.000567059,0.05708219,0.00003040462,0.0003643635,0.0004043452,0.0003115996,0.0001214196,0.00008758878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999522,0.0001149927,0.00009179387,0.0000157517,0.00006889606,0.00004016516,0.0001106328,0.00002697339,0.000008808715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5094658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8601636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1982971277","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200010)17:3<113::aid-ppsc113>3.0.co;2-z","title":"Characterization of Fibres and Fibre Collectives with Common Laser Diffractometers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Material Properties and Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Diffraction; Materials science; Optics; Characterization (materials science); Laser; Orientation (vector space); Suspension (topology); Composite material; Nanotechnology; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008393292134593656,"gpt":0.1878774353389302,"spread":0.1794841432043365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001041633,0.0001579427,0.0002505177,0.00003099345,0.0001006991,0.0001526635,0.00005960508,0.00005528794,0.0001575493],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005700027,0.0001344555,0.00001769752,0.0002731978,0.0000580848,0.0006248989,0.00001149014,0.00004768375,0.00001620104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002166813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008643195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002582363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002520209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989989,0.00007319264,0.0003620712,0.0001714485,0.0001501305,0.0002442779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996018,0.00002171678,0.00008358993,0.0001563081,0.00004769169,0.0000889392],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001544315,0.00002902219,0.0124338,0.0002944409,0.00002801887,0.000001326833,0.001090529,0.001349352,0.9784137,0.00001643117,0.000001941881,0.006187017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000479499,0.0001328652,0.1581735,0.0001592072,0.00002513975,0.00001066497,0.00008333607,0.1253213,0.7149284,0.000002958272,0.0004811824,0.000201918],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985803,0.00005711144,0.0005889196,0.00004628171,0.00009237504,0.0002989992,0.00003676364,0.0001665001,0.0001327993],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994461,0.00007162688,0.00001690972,0.00001846799,0.00006365895,0.00005070702,0.00005792336,0.00003857539,0.0002360361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2634853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5482938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2018587134","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390003","title":"An Experimental Study of Liquid Jets Interacting with Cross Airflows","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Nozzle; Airflow; Breakup; Jet (fluid); Transverse plane; Wind tunnel; Flow visualization; Viscosity; Lubrication; Break-Up; Cross section (physics); Physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Structural engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01450119646315313,"gpt":0.258327205805347,"spread":0.2438260093421938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002323467,0.0001742565,0.0002367443,0.00003308218,0.00009266668,0.0001175096,0.00008958687,0.00004538677,0.00003470124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001086449,0.0001626114,0.00002527294,0.0002293329,0.00002582982,0.0006478939,0.000006690194,0.00007844128,0.00001839678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005287797,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001155078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003388902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002102604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986217,0.0001257105,0.0004898065,0.00022949,0.0002216743,0.0003116238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994006,0.00002563502,0.0000476007,0.000310475,0.00008411135,0.0001315884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001027746,0.0007542105,0.07125372,0.00004473013,0.00003338273,0.000005364742,0.005111482,0.04164068,0.880444,0.0005722392,3.478413e-7,0.00003699972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001127506,0.001230279,0.02532838,0.00004526298,0.00001873094,0.00001061309,0.001989363,0.4289666,0.5410572,3.529182e-7,0.00002439396,0.0002014362],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937402,0.00004263826,0.005045229,0.00000317857,0.0003504168,0.0005453873,0.000007416489,0.000192347,0.00007320388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997146,0.000002412484,0.00003410855,0.000005426176,0.00004224076,0.000119851,0.00001345548,0.00005426536,0.00001361823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3873259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6631099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2625076220","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700114","title":"High‐Yield Synthesis of Au@Ag Right Bipyramids and Self‐Assembly into Four‐Leaf‐Clover‐like Structures","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Status of Women Canada; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Bimetallic strip; Nanostructure; Yield (engineering); Materials science; Nanomaterials; Shell (structure); Raman spectroscopy; Nanotechnology; Surface plasmon resonance; Self-assembly; Crystallography; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01663470678554475,"gpt":0.2338656951432654,"spread":0.2172309883577206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005769922,0.0002353575,0.0004335626,0.00003666836,0.0007895065,0.0005160776,0.0003791703,0.0001101594,0.00008222966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002361727,0.0002007408,0.00006766331,0.0001209467,0.0002249653,0.0007890072,0.0001391301,0.0000634715,0.0001000001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005613818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005368811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001057017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007042232,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978771,0.0001562003,0.0006731403,0.0004748988,0.0003539706,0.0004647396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979992,0.0001812189,0.0005798041,0.0008683878,0.0001449871,0.0002264108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003598989,0.0001549627,0.02948685,0.0001205049,0.00002302467,0.000002867439,0.0007925992,0.00004902627,0.9585827,0.009162742,0.00001362918,0.00157511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000256144,0.00005272407,0.1824379,0.00007338669,0.00007182093,0.000006618911,0.0001043458,0.006409935,0.8099145,0.0001569491,0.0003098591,0.000205804],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977711,0.00006139637,0.0005080982,0.000586824,0.0004361967,0.0004058807,0.00005088252,0.000122037,0.00005761163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991959,0.00004390304,0.0002641425,0.00003448468,0.0001991346,0.0001460203,0.000005794881,0.00002975844,0.0000808351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.152951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8185971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1963535002","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200500996","title":"Determination of Particle Size Distribution by Laser Diffraction of Doped‐CeO<sub>2</sub> Powder Suspensions: Effect of Suspension Stability and Sonication","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Dispersant; Suspension (topology); Materials science; Sonication; Particle-size distribution; Particle size; Particle (ecology); Zeta potential; Economies of agglomeration; Chemical engineering; Diffraction; Ceramic; Phase (matter); Mineralogy; Dispersion (optics); Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Composite material; Optics; Organic chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01052057418561306,"gpt":0.252933872300623,"spread":0.2424132981150099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001423681,0.0002220674,0.000484906,0.00002017055,0.0001137394,0.00004379381,0.0001211908,0.000112849,0.0000596072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007092962,0.0002077398,0.00006110482,0.0003405386,0.0002210337,0.001201204,0.00008484804,0.00007459163,0.00002792288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001431159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000288088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003436787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001297112,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967855,0.000675678,0.001224219,0.0004385808,0.0005163386,0.0003597216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974183,0.0005183556,0.001056005,0.000489194,0.0003901031,0.0001280225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000406115,0.0003247647,0.0347476,0.0002352927,0.000008500313,3.451057e-7,0.0003423213,0.0001698429,0.9605005,0.0001458752,0.000006301249,0.003112513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001075542,0.0003675216,0.04402174,0.0001030291,0.0000734651,0.000003676113,0.0001054684,0.04242961,0.9116158,0.00001170866,0.00002970281,0.0001626859],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923759,0.0001235813,0.006051639,0.0001020044,0.0001986405,0.0009749531,0.000111146,0.00005716683,0.000004991574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995154,0.00008280859,0.0001022954,0.000009960384,0.00004926273,0.00008401533,0.0001151547,0.00002554689,0.00001561742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04888467,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8471383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562819007","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201600231","title":"Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Radioactive Gold Nanoparticles by Dielectric Barrier Discharge","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Cancer Society; University of Missouri","keywords":"Colloidal gold; Dielectric barrier discharge; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Absorbance; Ion; Plasma; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Radiochemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Dielectric; Chromatography; Optoelectronics; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003615825976919803,"gpt":0.1719137586506234,"spread":0.1682979326737036,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002726678,0.0002054553,0.0003074132,0.00005255368,0.00006447433,0.0000525752,0.00009727696,0.00007593122,0.00001414965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000078864,0.0001614463,0.00004783403,0.0003483301,0.00007774717,0.0001990138,0.00002456739,0.00005431854,0.00002137085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009873266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001314109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001199494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001882116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998438,0.0001020287,0.000500518,0.0002694951,0.0002146229,0.0004753188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992369,0.0001510395,0.0001084171,0.0002588237,0.00006615036,0.0001786452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002993275,0.00006898546,0.005967002,0.00006184767,0.00005626527,8.704854e-7,0.0002233854,0.0008307528,0.9833318,0.001666135,0.00001157208,0.007751471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002505307,0.00004315485,0.00461355,0.0000401756,0.00002779901,0.000003945116,0.00002011828,0.5164841,0.4783141,0.000005543829,0.00005135934,0.0001456598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863573,0.0005632239,0.01216959,0.00008614302,0.0001544347,0.0003311339,0.000120271,0.000168119,0.00004981455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994204,0.0002574909,0.00001817124,0.000007738025,0.00004067352,0.000120489,0.000008520482,0.00005024592,0.00007624714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5156533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6583588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2014477820","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200211)19:5<354::aid-ppsc354>3.0.co;2-v","title":"Synthesis of -Willemite Nanoparticles by Post-calcination of Flame-made Zinc Oxide/Silica Composites","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Flame retardant materials and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Calcination; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Crystallization; Nanoparticle; Composite number; Thermal stability; Amorphous solid; Pyrolysis; Zinc; Particle size; Composite material; Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Catalysis; Chemistry; Crystallography; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01484615372501158,"gpt":0.2056948917495456,"spread":0.1908487380245341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006366103,0.0002364606,0.000559642,0.00005025864,0.0001385112,0.0001316123,0.0002426475,0.00009864673,0.0003853678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002636126,0.0002037728,0.00008683401,0.0003064842,0.0001948405,0.0007042025,0.00006901765,0.00004761794,0.0002452674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004157518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001496108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002093708,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003663794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970902,0.000460666,0.001161685,0.0003663388,0.0004780517,0.0004430952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983098,0.0001833203,0.0006196577,0.0004179343,0.0003308752,0.000138424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001053509,0.0002747978,0.009652401,0.000304773,0.00002353638,0.000001188764,0.0009256612,0.0001907061,0.9871873,0.0005126326,0.00004180456,0.0007798815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000345579,0.0001759446,0.01128682,0.0001747174,0.00006019926,0.000007393938,0.0001695677,0.03267359,0.9547057,0.000005584588,0.0001717086,0.0002232564],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997875,0.0004994146,0.0002222342,0.0003184292,0.0002427419,0.0004646461,0.0002085039,0.0001198971,0.00004909333],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994134,0.00008405202,0.00008920907,0.00003145634,0.00005196027,0.0001050499,0.00003019295,0.00003636943,0.0001583048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03248289,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8309614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2037217233","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200601040","title":"Measurement of Cake Strength in Potash Using a Centrifuge","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Potash; Centrifuge; Fertilizer; Water content; Ultimate tensile strength; Materials science; Composite material; Moisture; Compressive strength; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Geotechnical engineering; Potassium; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0151379564009516,"gpt":0.1987222689935684,"spread":0.1835843125926168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003693981,0.0001504737,0.0002526074,0.00006035241,0.00003644147,0.00004589818,0.00007698566,0.00006377511,0.00001184826],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001840298,0.000159711,0.00004538316,0.0004292289,0.00002218345,0.0002449239,0.00001345327,0.00006302173,0.00001915496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001431272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000198955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002128935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004290069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983935,0.00009148761,0.0006329728,0.0001661636,0.0003415535,0.0003743606],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995339,0.00001006866,0.00007970491,0.0002139623,0.00009339631,0.0000689532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001252949,0.0001024641,0.1226896,0.0001048655,0.00001153351,0.00000410357,0.0001365342,0.008361832,0.8676702,0.0006141315,0.000003568851,0.0002886556],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000689086,0.00001577583,0.08923472,0.00009557387,0.00001861096,0.000003522643,0.00003722911,0.4276911,0.4819171,0.00000619324,0.0001473792,0.0001437843],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919813,0.0003322626,0.006855993,0.00001195448,0.0003038158,0.0003258024,0.0000183991,0.0001279357,0.00004259222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997679,0.000009235144,0.00003687701,0.000003453458,0.00009486121,0.00002915008,0.00002110407,0.00003185948,0.000005549706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4193293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6512825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2622973924","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700051","title":"The 3D Nanoscale Evolution of Platinum–Niobium Oxide Fuel Cell Catalysts via Identical Location Electron Tomography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (Canada); McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Platinum; Dissolution; Oxide; Materials science; Catalysis; Niobium oxide; Corrosion; Electrolyte; Carbon fibers; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Chemical engineering; Niobium; Inorganic chemistry; Metallurgy; Composite material; Chemistry; Electrode; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006235972955320045,"gpt":0.2137391656317741,"spread":0.2075031926764541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000929957,0.0002852891,0.0003461988,0.00007568339,0.0009267589,0.0003146127,0.0005637571,0.0001661624,0.000008521371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002573583,0.0002483706,0.0001318373,0.0004784204,0.0002394174,0.001117763,0.0001202794,0.0001593702,0.0001693341],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003320285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008863062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002121126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006043666,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967865,0.0002904158,0.0009717311,0.000485009,0.0007283732,0.0007379448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996918,0.0001057221,0.0009861608,0.001268352,0.0005379205,0.0001838649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001555683,0.0001577976,0.03554884,0.0001306189,0.00005485693,0.000002227613,0.0002576255,0.000645522,0.9543182,0.007994843,0.00001439018,0.0007195424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007647845,0.0001298805,0.1133901,0.00005297927,0.00009807773,0.00001006285,0.00008915453,0.07847161,0.8059493,0.0001495281,0.0006309929,0.000263572],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893785,0.000399954,0.00844241,0.0002092645,0.0005591933,0.000449157,0.000003723508,0.0001491577,0.0004086537],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989822,0.00003343344,0.00002704404,0.00001284349,0.0001819647,0.0001297832,0.00008807649,0.00005590468,0.0004887332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1483689,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2791126667","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700365","title":"Colloidal Suspensions of Platinum Group Metal Nanoparticles (Pt, Pd, Rh) Synthesized by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBD)","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Dielectric barrier discharge; Platinum nanoparticles; Rhodium; Aqueous solution; Platinum; Palladium; Nanoparticle; Chemical engineering; Inorganic chemistry; Chloride; Chemistry; Electrode; Materials science; Catalysis; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01314539956810354,"gpt":0.2426044115774462,"spread":0.2294590120093427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004794951,0.0002962353,0.0006167142,0.00008399939,0.000298032,0.00008816096,0.0001501382,0.0001467607,0.0002016986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006535479,0.0002643442,0.0001196296,0.0009050806,0.0002419574,0.0003861395,0.00006595944,0.0001283563,0.0003685096],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008326254,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008664586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006730519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002136041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971353,0.0002015603,0.00100555,0.0004984831,0.0005047728,0.0006543624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978941,0.0003506313,0.0004034603,0.0005731888,0.0003572821,0.0004213288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003775051,0.0006822473,0.04341693,0.00006004546,0.000097453,0.000004923476,0.000416657,0.000006696352,0.9505193,0.003499636,0.0002174785,0.0007011293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001957815,0.0005393617,0.03548544,0.0001002464,0.0002605425,0.00004412761,0.0001933345,0.06652509,0.8925611,0.00001616738,0.002048272,0.0002684868],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958097,0.0001043509,0.001690291,0.0003728396,0.0002563685,0.001216333,0.0001693978,0.0001755025,0.0002052423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984247,0.00003595786,0.0001564743,0.00009286174,0.0002255693,0.0003042999,0.0002017122,0.00006082369,0.0004975767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0665184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972000820","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390038","title":"Analysis of Single Particle Attrition during Impact Experiments<sup>†</sup>","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"","keywords":"Breakage; Attrition; Abrasion (mechanical); Particle (ecology); Materials science; Particle size; Fracture (geology); Composite material; Particle-size distribution; Mechanics; Chemistry; Physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02662437423550891,"gpt":0.2548514833756946,"spread":0.2282271091401857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003281689,0.0002330302,0.0004338068,0.00009081187,0.0001388596,0.0001483133,0.00009674341,0.00008535517,0.0001255762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007351513,0.0002335153,0.0001513345,0.001439331,0.00003948427,0.0006441429,0.00001548617,0.00007877374,0.00004770859],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001569719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001129533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003515868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002339395,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979985,0.00016123,0.0007254457,0.0002880624,0.0002993446,0.0005274051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991693,0.00003996056,0.0001528911,0.0003380759,0.000102753,0.0001969767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001724175,0.0001163953,0.1145165,0.00008177431,0.000225951,0.000002175885,0.001234963,0.2165093,0.6670441,0.0001049186,0.000002141209,0.0001445392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004024273,0.00004068441,0.04576506,0.00004224348,0.0001616578,0.00000442593,0.0002652292,0.4879116,0.4652025,0.000001881164,0.00002467517,0.0001776293],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951723,0.0002633175,0.003803546,0.00001079514,0.0001234413,0.0002383627,0.00002723659,0.0002740071,0.0000869971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999631,0.000012446,0.00002945557,0.000006220088,0.00006415603,0.00006690274,0.00005724285,0.00004549036,0.00008702844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2714024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9522477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388199401","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202300080","title":"Templated Droplet Evaporation‐Based Supraparticles in Environmental Applications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; University of Alberta","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Evaporation; Materials science; Biochemical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01530905258207616,"gpt":0.2114737529474821,"spread":0.196164700365406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003276705,0.0001517518,0.0001859796,0.00009825214,0.00009186782,0.0001232147,0.0001307316,0.00008838444,0.00003808481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002082068,0.0001619412,0.00002853382,0.000779549,0.00004294804,0.000297298,0.00003219848,0.00006556042,0.0007052975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007518002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001008538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001524041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007216418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986561,0.00007268038,0.0004912622,0.0002234992,0.0001670631,0.000389419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995095,0.00004181924,0.00005698844,0.0003097127,0.00001464808,0.00006736376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007869981,0.00004274669,0.06508093,0.00004724953,0.000007935662,0.000003746303,0.000141236,0.02455684,0.9082575,0.0004064904,0.00001544356,0.001432035],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000314467,0.00001629478,0.1088545,0.00001842154,0.000006150546,0.000001616084,0.00009689709,0.5192092,0.3705494,0.00003117146,0.0007522977,0.0001495753],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942017,0.00003976194,0.003041785,0.0001505398,0.0001868322,0.0005952102,0.00004725073,0.001722927,0.00001400014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989054,0.00003163826,0.00003819854,0.00001283465,0.00005401099,0.000665661,0.0002256396,0.00003930686,0.00002728077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.537708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9065407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2002339548","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200900069","title":"Evaluation of Digital Image Discretization Error in Droplet Shape Measurement Using Simulation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Discretization; Shape factor; Pixel; Sensitivity (control systems); Image (mathematics); Mathematics; Digital image; Geometric shape; Shape parameter; Approximation error; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Image processing; Computer science; Geometry; Algorithm; Mathematical analysis; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05601896781517245,"gpt":0.2833990413333665,"spread":0.2273800735181941,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009919823,0.0001369391,0.0001853052,0.00008067033,0.00004286316,0.00008780032,0.0000742971,0.00007359928,0.000007852846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002510705,0.0001455586,0.00002978849,0.0004781303,0.000023576,0.0006983175,0.000009801108,0.00006489246,0.000008978281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003093733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003239006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006676765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001883573,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983159,0.0001061425,0.0005379599,0.000179701,0.000588207,0.0002721321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992776,0.0000162176,0.0001233798,0.0001966719,0.0003481469,0.00003800045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001066071,0.00005836024,0.00410871,0.00002793254,0.0000103142,4.429953e-7,0.0003213837,0.08878147,0.8888202,0.0001064549,0.000001105978,0.01775301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003761586,0.00003551645,0.02182595,0.00006639654,0.00003253999,0.000001253926,0.0000899874,0.6640089,0.3134073,0.00004709367,0.000007391351,0.0001014736],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9598603,0.0002533253,0.03892335,0.00005796477,0.0001005447,0.0004816753,0.000008596465,0.0002822306,0.00003201762],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998256,0.000009707293,0.00004369624,0.000004486286,0.00003499902,0.00002421202,0.00003492273,0.00002034771,0.000002030014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5754128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5935706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2009048692","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200006)17:2<56::aid-ppsc56>3.0.co;2-0","title":"Structure of Liquid-Sheet Sprays","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sauter mean diameter; Nozzle; Mechanics; Breakup; Spray characteristics; Turbulence; Coalescence (physics); Turbulence kinetic energy; Materials science; Weber number; Airflow; Air entrainment; Jet (fluid); Spray nozzle; Physics; Thermodynamics; Reynolds number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.006659648074367909,"gpt":0.191307683391389,"spread":0.1846480353170211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000888483,0.000153405,0.0002323355,0.00002563993,0.00005195399,0.00004905818,0.00009948485,0.00008355972,0.0005187255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005366121,0.0001527856,0.00004639309,0.0002693878,0.00003239781,0.0002941349,0.000005925111,0.00007485922,0.000111641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000328508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001046863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002247668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008563379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988124,0.00004621596,0.0004684558,0.0001676142,0.0001895106,0.0003157785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999525,0.00001643407,0.00002458908,0.0002670122,0.00005282584,0.0001141871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004382367,0.00003267107,0.003972002,0.0001095446,0.00002546353,0.000001708734,0.0004832897,0.03187473,0.9603848,0.001869716,0.0000109878,0.001191215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003955431,0.00008375925,0.02888641,0.0000441519,0.00002347565,0.000006611952,0.00002658983,0.5945711,0.3751501,0.00001025385,0.0006147791,0.0001872922],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957079,0.0001006331,0.003049285,0.00004320771,0.0002612959,0.0002671231,0.000088591,0.0002278521,0.0002541151],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995368,0.00006873134,0.0000308191,0.0000208055,0.0001112703,0.00001732769,0.00005977154,0.0000420274,0.0001125104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5852348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6230415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2766539155","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700297","title":"An In Situ Polymerization‐Encapsulation Approach to Prepare TiO<sub>2</sub>–Graphite Carbon–Au Photocatalysts for Efficient Photocatalysis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Hydro-Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Photodegradation; Materials science; Visible spectrum; Graphite; Catalysis; Chemical engineering; Nanoparticle; Polymerization; Carbon fibers; Irradiation; Nanotechnology; Photochemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Optoelectronics; Composite material; Composite number","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01711076778956977,"gpt":0.2719127458646846,"spread":0.2548019780751148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007989705,0.0004526357,0.0006318004,0.0002878337,0.0005983281,0.0004219755,0.0006194277,0.0001957515,0.00000182601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002593778,0.0004930029,0.0001505988,0.0009402231,0.0001185122,0.00100571,0.0001157721,0.0001023464,0.00002424674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003367841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008490498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001102721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006552777,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960748,0.0002590195,0.001163002,0.001122654,0.0005243485,0.000856175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965307,0.00005791965,0.0007769603,0.002009698,0.0002882433,0.0003365192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002403016,0.000567382,0.01589399,0.0000978274,0.00005000941,0.000001929927,0.002732371,0.03543901,0.9423246,0.001184475,0.000001365933,0.001466776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006414993,0.00008508089,0.03286308,0.00005937143,0.00006353487,0.000003198991,0.0002037792,0.3215597,0.64407,0.00002646525,0.00004245871,0.0003818686],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9554209,0.00001806219,0.03946172,0.00004034037,0.0002092076,0.004120415,0.00005590504,0.0003917865,0.0002817107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928829,0.000005643408,0.0002834628,0.00004405963,0.0002141063,0.005249752,0.001169345,0.0001213139,0.00002943195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2982546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997522,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1995686883","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201300155","title":"In Situ Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles in Polymer Brushes Followed by QCM‐D Coupled with Spectroscopic Ellipsometry","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Polymer Surface Interaction Studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Nanoparticle; Polymer; Quartz crystal microbalance; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Ellipsometry; Functional polymers; Nanotechnology; Nanoscopic scale; Polymer chemistry; Copolymer; Thin film; Chemistry; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009426660295159511,"gpt":0.2300360600632763,"spread":0.2206093997681168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004270871,0.0002604775,0.0005647364,0.0001128679,0.00007390434,0.0001594135,0.0001917132,0.000075493,0.0003450882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001210034,0.0002277464,0.00004289261,0.0007942588,0.0001360569,0.001274091,0.00005516965,0.00009136958,0.000523435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001305164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004275322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001815221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002158286,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971684,0.0003179744,0.0009687786,0.0004571907,0.0004259266,0.0006617191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987497,0.0002513584,0.0003761039,0.0003742132,0.000109139,0.00013943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009991036,0.0002797206,0.1895408,0.00005264101,0.00001566624,0.000004680579,0.0007187685,0.00005278522,0.8090671,0.00006986603,0.00002932259,0.00006870198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006981656,0.00009301207,0.1191242,0.000142894,0.00001870939,0.000003745703,0.0006044566,0.006271866,0.8728004,0.000003616658,0.00001745031,0.0002214955],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975269,0.0005250895,0.0001830372,0.0006607715,0.0003150501,0.0006366866,0.00001561568,0.00008183649,0.00005496567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990407,0.00002525319,0.00002983087,0.00006353718,0.00003793458,0.0004615073,0.000005450691,0.00003629526,0.000299473],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07041666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9287228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094386285","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390006","title":"Self Similarity of Cross‐Stream Droplet Momentum Displacement in Dispersed Multiphase Flow","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanics; Momentum (technical analysis); Scaling; Similarity solution; Similarity (geometry); Drag; Displacement (psychology); Momentum diffusion; Flow (mathematics); Eulerian path; Diffusion; Physics; Classical mechanics; Turbulence; Thermodynamics; Boundary layer; Mathematics; Geometry; Lagrangian","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01231785034224033,"gpt":0.23995054081077,"spread":0.2276326904685297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003923582,0.0001933169,0.0002936664,0.00006701428,0.00006504191,0.00007917383,0.0001056514,0.0001018732,0.000017307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001266415,0.0001940488,0.00004521104,0.0004272056,0.00005258068,0.0003179945,0.00002230554,0.0001090966,0.0000318333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001325901,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001534719,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004167516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001249433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983928,0.0001090877,0.0006104662,0.0002349199,0.000219473,0.0004332651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993376,0.00004730922,0.0000983966,0.0003708185,0.00006322515,0.00008264976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003911421,0.0004180137,0.4062265,0.000363409,0.00004451074,0.000009625802,0.00202914,0.09122157,0.4967917,0.001882702,0.00001521699,0.0009585284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008310113,0.00004464895,0.03426336,0.0000530454,0.0000124835,0.000002470073,0.0001806614,0.5626819,0.4015998,0.00001192353,0.0001686799,0.0001500089],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783005,0.00003091611,0.02016131,0.00003379289,0.0003586859,0.0004334956,0.00003119815,0.0005480033,0.0001021716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999441,0.00002666314,0.0003056127,0.000008194701,0.00002179346,0.00009968846,0.00003150017,0.00003326203,0.00003234671],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4714603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7913082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2024699500","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201400025","title":"Hierarchical Stable Enzyme Microenvironments for High‐Temperature Stability in Amine Solvents","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Enzyme function and inhibition","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Montreal General Hospital; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Amine gas treating; Chemical engineering; Enzyme; Chemistry; Stability (learning theory); Materials science; Biophysics; Organic chemistry; Biology; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01012724137751933,"gpt":0.216688788540181,"spread":0.2065615471626616,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004104043,0.0001496315,0.0001763397,0.00002095531,0.00009622367,0.0000646745,0.00007692532,0.0001262627,0.0000339013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001206565,0.0001506011,0.00004596855,0.0001174664,0.0000441695,0.00003358103,0.0000379899,0.00006963903,0.0000249415],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004416484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001634158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001670698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001510585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984975,0.0002037306,0.0004073973,0.0003987497,0.0001454911,0.0003471356],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994017,0.00001866868,0.000109356,0.0002993253,0.00005881924,0.0001121105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001896152,0.000229836,0.03175817,0.0000401007,0.00001016857,2.475355e-7,0.00006017318,0.0001653974,0.9668263,0.0003456761,0.00007687432,0.0002974099],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001385311,0.0003601587,0.05274501,0.00002367106,0.000009674827,0.000001835233,0.00004396061,0.008765671,0.9327028,0.00001890276,0.003771756,0.0001712726],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918069,0.00003406503,0.006846869,0.0001640843,0.0003552313,0.0006966394,0.00005498617,0.00002654562,0.00001465648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978983,0.00001324867,0.00006263648,0.0001888993,0.0003000907,0.0003524334,0.0008388993,0.00002634849,0.0003191007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03412355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6141334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403584954","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400147","title":"Corn Stover Lignin as a Solid Acid Catalyst for the Esterification of Oleic Acid","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Corn stover; Lignin; Oleic acid; Catalysis; Solid acid; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Stover; Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Biochemistry; Hydrolysis; Biology; Crop","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01429364470949554,"gpt":0.2415847259976274,"spread":0.2272910812881319,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002739592,0.0001658044,0.0002002982,0.00002437605,0.0000805404,0.0001775186,0.0001523456,0.00008140696,0.000009093624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003435074,0.0001359211,0.00007792994,0.0003073704,0.00004752387,0.0003364662,0.00002061018,0.00007615551,0.0001273565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005664316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000315322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001174107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001567144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987643,0.00003231025,0.000488329,0.0002260207,0.0001957035,0.0002933053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993206,0.00007551388,0.00007639809,0.000360137,0.00008181859,0.00008553603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000115096,0.00002935655,0.0005516091,0.000472707,0.00008023957,0.000001414786,0.00117297,0.000394298,0.9954706,0.0006462417,0.0002735361,0.0008954724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001837313,0.00003014237,0.0007818358,0.00009640459,0.0000609858,0.000009595104,0.0001825477,0.2305278,0.7669716,0.00001106502,0.001020813,0.0001233958],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871448,0.0008844287,0.009950835,0.0001877691,0.0007532632,0.0005654162,0.00007524917,0.0003545218,0.00008368475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988773,0.00004979705,0.00001615036,0.00001969455,0.000270722,0.0003793542,0.0001088944,0.00005300143,0.0002250136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2301335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5542703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1969960468","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<159::aid-ppsc159>3.0.co;2-p","title":"Orientation Effects in the Evaluation of Populations of Irregularly Shaped Particles by Image Analysis","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Orientation (vector space); Shadow (psychology); Characterization (materials science); Image (mathematics); Particle (ecology); Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Materials science; Computer science; Optics; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Geology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03022267823794325,"gpt":0.3060518136739325,"spread":0.2758291354359892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002430921,0.0001502199,0.00032977,0.0001232152,0.0001098242,0.0001175089,0.0001979227,0.00006528618,0.0003971171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002276778,0.0001272831,0.0001063475,0.002038438,0.0001237636,0.0009189727,0.00001321931,0.00005707119,0.00003951625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005695115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003145119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003016713,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004347113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960884,0.001369707,0.0009727442,0.0003225072,0.0009541748,0.0002924797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998433,0.0001999509,0.0004931457,0.0004657147,0.0003447469,0.00006345152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005156003,0.0003199829,0.1179933,0.00004643694,0.00003356884,4.149112e-7,0.001874504,0.004211416,0.873758,0.0005873725,0.000006927362,0.001116553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005505507,0.00005789764,0.5752315,0.0000285783,0.0003836895,0.000001115356,0.0003514284,0.2061749,0.217017,0.00009085455,0.00001174268,0.0001008462],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921592,0.0000830159,0.006442618,0.000123726,0.0001430772,0.0009208567,0.00005692555,0.00004378919,0.00002678865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993486,0.000006510261,0.0001272579,0.00002220447,0.00003064264,0.0003073361,0.0001256848,0.00001470145,0.00001709717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.656741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5190454,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2891626170","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201800285","title":"Photochemical Formation of Tunable Gold Nanostructures Using Versatile Water‐Soluble Thiolate Au(I) Precursor","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Surface plasmon resonance; Nanostructure; Materials science; Visible spectrum; Photochemistry; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Optoelectronics; Nanoparticle","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02356983391296216,"gpt":0.2511774318352604,"spread":0.2276075979222983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004540779,0.0001669985,0.0002668215,0.00003570764,0.0002174601,0.0001482959,0.0002061835,0.00008929806,0.0001694011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000468671,0.0001347449,0.00005180626,0.0002275954,0.0001264167,0.0008662686,0.00008266063,0.00004418166,0.0002898048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001058132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004234537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001772749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009501234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981011,0.0001465658,0.0006689612,0.0003100022,0.0002910102,0.0004823476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989095,0.00003574869,0.0002942963,0.0004055622,0.0002318012,0.0001230801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006410018,0.00007091255,0.001659334,0.00008021046,0.000006605248,2.937705e-7,0.002272456,0.000123053,0.9951687,0.0004036325,0.00002359308,0.0001271153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003171566,0.00006354492,0.001223325,0.00006503276,0.00003137943,0.000008768944,0.0001372416,0.1163548,0.8811336,0.00003359648,0.0004791933,0.0001523513],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895825,0.0000147124,0.008970848,0.00007674582,0.0004927147,0.0006361874,0.00003440026,0.0001000495,0.00009178945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991503,0.000001948089,0.0002529917,0.00002604774,0.0002428861,0.0001105793,0.00003845132,0.00002494874,0.0001518212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1162318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5494737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091543434","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200700031","title":"On Preparation of Non‐Disrupted Particles by Spray Pyrolysis","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Cubic zirconia; Particle (ecology); Pyrolysis; Porosity; Zirconium; Spray pyrolysis; Impurity; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Solvent; Chemistry; Ceramic; Composite material; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Thin film; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01616303587292462,"gpt":0.2440513400643178,"spread":0.2278883041913932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003447047,0.0002206162,0.0003344959,0.00006699793,0.0003014406,0.00008353933,0.0001680025,0.00008503329,0.0007486437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001549254,0.0002073742,0.00008866024,0.0007116107,0.0001668075,0.0009553778,0.00001170115,0.0001031697,0.0012562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002409991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004221589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003456336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005372981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974615,0.0002768196,0.0008582944,0.00040976,0.0005429893,0.0004506538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984881,0.0002208815,0.0004313933,0.0004293427,0.0001919014,0.000238428],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002135928,0.0001811509,0.2715951,0.00001543614,0.00003567618,0.000004238527,0.001223944,0.006833221,0.7182655,0.0001313786,0.0002428627,0.00125783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005219679,0.0002920922,0.3569061,0.00002654453,0.00003000132,0.00001476481,0.0002176356,0.2047579,0.4365937,0.00001369779,0.0004287643,0.0001968076],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962937,0.00005409718,0.002018186,0.000256408,0.0003372046,0.0005199173,0.0001406665,0.0001479917,0.0002318362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991593,0.00002289979,0.00006735791,0.00009209414,0.00006291181,0.00002450147,0.0002084887,0.0000164322,0.0003459885],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2816718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4280488250","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202200057","title":"Nano‐Scale Particle Separation with Tilted Standing Surface Acoustic Wave: Experimental and Numerical Approaches","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Microchannel; Materials science; Fabrication; Tilt (camera); Controllability; Particle (ecology); Finite element method; Polystyrene; Standing wave; Optics; Surface acoustic wave; Acoustics; Aperture (computer memory); Nanotechnology; Composite material; Physics; Mechanical engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02993406345303315,"gpt":0.2193820118118093,"spread":0.1894479483587761,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002547402,0.0002108871,0.0002460578,0.00002563821,0.0003682979,0.000153923,0.00008466774,0.00005804892,0.00003489025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001095508,0.0001989245,0.00002567335,0.0004363942,0.00008202487,0.0003482806,0.00008848031,0.0001311455,0.00001566327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001400147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001608104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001421857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001171873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984506,0.0001307674,0.0003642742,0.0003238534,0.0002969014,0.0004335718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994853,0.00003326357,0.0000853325,0.0002558006,0.00002913371,0.0001111334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007121381,0.0001033603,0.01127893,0.0000395264,0.00002585252,0.000007912726,0.001380379,0.01424531,0.9722157,0.000255571,0.00003528021,0.0003409301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003547903,0.00012099,0.002898747,0.00001088083,0.0000194183,0.00004439405,0.001739904,0.4797518,0.5147108,0.000001761265,0.0001737527,0.0001727861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9645616,0.000476079,0.0334088,0.0001093244,0.0001868916,0.0004515633,0.00002606971,0.0007551073,0.00002458494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994779,0.00001311738,0.0001439559,0.00001889059,0.00004074526,0.0001101979,0.00004869344,0.00004775827,0.00009871256],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4655065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8111905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2092064171","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200700017","title":"Routine Quality Testing of Blood Platelet Transfusions with Dynamic Light Scattering","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Blood properties and coagulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"St. Paul's Hospital; Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Blood Services","keywords":"Dynamic light scattering; Platelet; Sample (material); Light scattering; Quality (philosophy); Materials science; Scattering; Optics; Chemistry; Medicine; Nanotechnology; Physics; Chromatography; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04086825212995563,"gpt":0.2540282128414811,"spread":0.2131599607115255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002727385,0.0001631825,0.0003801635,0.00003644426,0.0001860767,0.00002403849,0.00005718313,0.0000650466,0.00002110514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007742677,0.0001304739,0.00004906023,0.0004797528,0.00007061107,0.0002708807,0.00001916812,0.00009179003,0.00001672088],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002638341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005707479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001586639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009588104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982805,0.0001162811,0.0006831956,0.0002771635,0.0003318621,0.0003109603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990281,0.00004890022,0.0002485168,0.0003231501,0.0002050494,0.0001462552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001851805,0.0002402557,0.3034352,0.0001501441,0.00005377069,0.00001229417,0.0009295043,0.0001453118,0.6939942,0.00005312455,5.124996e-7,0.0008005163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001545718,0.0003446412,0.5457968,0.0002162574,0.0001218593,0.0002221148,0.0001359585,0.03242005,0.4190381,0.00000107685,0.00002396247,0.0001334756],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968194,0.00008865443,0.00166849,0.000520535,0.00007451117,0.0005890771,0.00001107834,0.0001441269,0.00008411192],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993861,0.00001630571,0.0002090126,0.00004867496,0.00007388931,0.00006064916,0.00002892831,0.00003443067,0.0001419883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2749561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.532057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4408621478","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400230","title":"Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Cysteine‐Gold Surface Interactions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Western University","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Vetenskapsrådet; Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning","keywords":"Cysteine; Nanoparticle; Colloidal gold; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00899411308113413,"gpt":0.258076960947293,"spread":0.2490828478661589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008736182,0.0002224434,0.0004073578,0.00003473958,0.000192986,0.0001562291,0.0002291713,0.00006131489,0.0001159697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000274981,0.0001875274,0.0001011093,0.0006064586,0.00009786487,0.0003610248,0.00006062677,0.00008063025,0.000457902],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006660508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003558982,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006421913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004797254,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976002,0.000478994,0.0007623347,0.0004281737,0.0002939735,0.0004363348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981744,0.0007040492,0.0002666083,0.000582609,0.0001371307,0.0001351791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000211098,0.0002814325,0.01619495,0.000099099,0.00001903131,0.000001266184,0.0001867846,0.001051398,0.9728538,0.007711764,0.00006342525,0.001325901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007454873,0.0003161331,0.008195552,0.000162842,0.00006723713,0.000002537747,0.00007220935,0.0190778,0.9703814,0.00001557693,0.0008019772,0.0001612699],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972636,0.00006835443,0.0002903315,0.0005766639,0.0005472712,0.0006795065,0.00004090129,0.00017968,0.0003536688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984604,0.000007273729,0.00002273704,0.00008109181,0.00006220934,0.0001757433,0.000008610006,0.00002119011,0.001160796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0180264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7647146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4214724240","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202100283","title":"The Protein Interactome of a Nanoparticle Population in Whole Cytoplasm under Near‐Native Conditions: A Pilot Study","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Alberta","keywords":"Cytoplasm; Interactome; Cytosol; Cell biology; Chemistry; Protein–protein interaction; Biology; Biophysics; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01706686504094615,"gpt":0.2418740303325548,"spread":0.2248071652916086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006340276,0.0001824504,0.000252097,0.00006656689,0.0004573098,0.0001847839,0.0002313686,0.00002123884,0.00007275696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005936253,0.0001743526,0.00003412145,0.0009944421,0.00007252157,0.0004224984,0.00009206069,0.0001591721,0.00003961917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001767689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002900036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001057469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007670975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976407,0.0003984816,0.0009114069,0.0002653584,0.0004112623,0.00037285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990645,0.0001235448,0.000219814,0.0004082391,0.00009328683,0.00009062079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009079349,0.0008568602,0.04111797,0.00002577596,0.00002666942,0.000001769418,0.001457179,0.03940329,0.9139698,0.002561723,0.000009006026,0.0004791446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001592177,0.0007068269,0.5184314,0.00003252359,0.00002410642,0.000005976934,0.003183629,0.4167411,0.05842533,0.0001298101,0.0004580563,0.0002690833],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996851,0.00005478354,0.0003043299,0.000414309,0.0002161676,0.001887073,0.00006591122,0.000187934,0.00001846499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973991,0.000002616015,0.000008655771,0.00002261331,0.0000286598,0.002257427,0.00008734538,0.00004088583,0.0001526769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8555445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7109892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4292400817","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202200121","title":"Reversible and Irreversible HAuCl<sub>4</sub> Binding to DNA for Seeded Gold Nanoparticle Growth and Opposite DNA and Aptamers Colorimetric Sensing Outcomes","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"China Scholarship Council; University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Aptamer; DNA; Chemistry; Adsorption; Colloidal gold; Biophysics; Biosensor; Nanoparticle; Combinatorial chemistry; Nanotechnology; Biochemistry; Materials science; Biology; Organic chemistry; Molecular biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287084269467049,"gpt":0.23971791018239,"spread":0.2268470674877195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004322527,0.0001929651,0.0002713091,0.00009863852,0.0004213341,0.0001495296,0.00006194208,0.00006303022,3.756938e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000138007,0.0001990582,0.00004692221,0.0004762215,0.00006877002,0.00005359997,0.0001998091,0.00005828449,0.000001225746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004140508,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001940899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000204884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005471109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984779,0.0001320402,0.00033086,0.0005117291,0.0001701926,0.0003773191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999308,0.0000478289,0.0001613591,0.0001968365,0.00008613482,0.0001997737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001368613,0.00004314693,0.02086688,0.00004834776,0.0000562387,0.000002265252,0.0001700942,0.00001033571,0.9765626,0.00005370435,0.00003560284,0.002013918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000665031,0.0003893032,0.008962669,0.00001824003,0.00008995795,0.0000289762,0.0004854921,0.006493896,0.9822361,0.000007265231,0.0003552837,0.0002677624],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970015,0.00007495052,0.001544271,0.0004927706,0.0001152544,0.0006450722,0.00005744829,0.00006425184,0.000004531936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990147,0.00004891548,0.0004033931,0.0002390582,0.00005316115,0.00005238706,0.00007532052,0.00003065613,0.00008242015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01190421,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8117359,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2782769482","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201700367","title":"Dual Template Engaged Synthesis of Hollow Ball‐in‐Tube Asymmetrical Structured Ceria","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Catalysis; Nanorod; Composite number; Chemical engineering; Template method pattern; Nanotechnology; Tube (container); Ball (mathematics); Nanoparticle; Ball mill; Dual role; Composite material; Combinatorial chemistry; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Geometry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02309351609489891,"gpt":0.2602008650490217,"spread":0.2371073489541228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002872979,0.0002510743,0.0005251972,0.0001205369,0.0002799247,0.0002667087,0.0004165098,0.0001251557,0.0003460131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002254974,0.000233625,0.00005542215,0.001210316,0.0003818975,0.0009306813,0.0001559636,0.0001334207,0.0004079449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001154489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000977405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001352721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002306299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961621,0.0007671801,0.001109849,0.0006217283,0.000653408,0.0006857004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980394,0.0004023601,0.0004821229,0.0006009107,0.0002778792,0.0001973136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001464503,0.0001165786,0.01239465,0.0001053857,0.00000709168,0.000008319324,0.001081058,0.00008172033,0.9848309,0.0006546004,0.000008906958,0.0005643246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004730761,0.0001068648,0.08770546,0.0000892725,0.00002401826,0.00002466372,0.00022081,0.01663652,0.894357,0.00004660955,0.00007546655,0.0002402491],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953834,0.00003439238,0.002242532,0.000104072,0.001434568,0.0004769309,0.00009028876,0.0001426328,0.00009116358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991744,0.000006691012,0.0002788893,0.0000307595,0.0003013648,0.0001119289,0.00001321,0.00003405145,0.00004870344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09047392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9526953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2562106970","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201670036","title":"Upconversion Nanoparticles: Formation of a Supported Lipid Bilayer on Faceted LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> Upconversion Nanoparticles (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 12/2016)","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Nanoparticle; Lanthanide; Bilayer; Lipid bilayer; Biocompatibility; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Membrane; Doping; Optoelectronics; Ion; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01287123348081076,"gpt":0.196568711769564,"spread":0.1836974782887532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001170895,0.0009673252,0.001176352,0.0002430638,0.0006563707,0.0003205859,0.0006306242,0.0006826912,0.0007627044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003502871,0.0007816829,0.0004018803,0.0009786906,0.0003187521,0.0023038,0.000253261,0.0004234686,0.001916532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006150485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001960526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005606225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003683604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9920793,0.0005748297,0.002799654,0.001326779,0.001401871,0.001817622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951608,0.0003973589,0.001481813,0.001572839,0.0006076746,0.0007795579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009602461,0.0007581333,0.006531606,0.0006641078,0.0002330429,0.00003719917,0.002895314,0.001508964,0.982352,0.0003779656,0.0004250331,0.00325642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003895869,0.0004045785,0.0008269949,0.001640575,0.0002684112,0.00007327295,0.001129114,0.1615456,0.8254069,0.00001539371,0.003926211,0.0008670916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954511,0.0001275791,0.0004005801,0.001036195,0.0007199754,0.001111024,0.0002764891,0.0007298539,0.000147228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972358,0.0003596985,0.00001309943,0.0001502241,0.0007128725,0.0002702952,0.0003179565,0.0001938937,0.0007461805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1600366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051828681","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200110)18:3<120::aid-ppsc120>3.0.co;2-2","title":"Interaction of a Particle-Laden Gaseous Jet with a Confined Annular Turbulent Flow","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Mechanics; Reynolds stress; Flow (mathematics); Reynolds number; Particle (ecology); Jet (fluid); Physics; Mean flow; Finite volume method; Two-phase flow; Particle-laden flows; Large eddy simulation; K-epsilon turbulence model; Materials science; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01266701590979608,"gpt":0.215943550086636,"spread":0.2032765341768399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003989869,0.0003633517,0.0004936718,0.00006911291,0.0001082227,0.0001502063,0.0002128449,0.0001201164,0.00010001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007000805,0.0003414917,0.00008422842,0.0007559157,0.0001077593,0.0007732813,0.00003733352,0.0001796876,0.0001964903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001709808,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003183729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005109899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002711718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972277,0.0001810256,0.0009572491,0.0004098327,0.0004936184,0.0007306054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99852,0.00008767402,0.0002090749,0.000645872,0.000246129,0.0002912347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000278527,0.0002601046,0.06907258,0.00013253,0.0001354817,0.00007185022,0.001318408,0.1082867,0.8179293,0.0008318233,0.00002573487,0.001656912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001205189,0.0001835823,0.02287425,0.0001241234,0.00007459554,0.0001692707,0.00022444,0.8164142,0.1578263,0.000006789656,0.0005652671,0.0003319681],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9758452,0.0001393415,0.02195398,0.000188011,0.0004188168,0.0007417861,0.00003354641,0.0005717935,0.0001075429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990564,0.00006548926,0.0001594684,0.00003892919,0.0001587824,0.0002397563,0.00007362432,0.00009567021,0.0001118617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7081275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076595794","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.200390005","title":"Viscous Interaction Between a Vortex Tube and a Rotating Spherical Particle","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vortex; Mechanics; Drag; Physics; Starting vortex; Reynolds number; Drag coefficient; Burgers vortex; Lift (data mining); Classical mechanics; Lift coefficient; Vortex ring; Vortex tube; Turbulence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01225134601857977,"gpt":0.2200243978270868,"spread":0.2077730518085071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003418038,0.0002258919,0.0002883509,0.00002373864,0.0001415924,0.0002557253,0.00007085577,0.00008273646,0.00004174406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008390255,0.000232641,0.00004674524,0.0003295958,0.00003818469,0.0005786532,0.00002355574,0.0001382339,0.0001166165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006865082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001251924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002361576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004822597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982305,0.000153805,0.0005849927,0.0003096255,0.0002260049,0.0004950303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992872,0.00007743574,0.00008605671,0.0002528576,0.00006004393,0.0002363516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001878995,0.00008564506,0.3109798,0.0001278902,0.0000777509,0.00001024839,0.001176818,0.01790508,0.6606582,0.003169255,0.000009717765,0.00578079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005238514,0.00006512567,0.07627446,0.00004787771,0.00004054163,0.00002046996,0.0001300454,0.8902423,0.03184165,0.0000264071,0.0005213845,0.0002658345],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9795907,0.0001532593,0.01887131,0.00005585378,0.0004480635,0.0004011991,0.00001266091,0.0003524713,0.000114481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993796,0.00002764534,0.0001600831,0.00002397236,0.0001400175,0.0001086813,0.00002436996,0.00005882602,0.00007677585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8723373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9486824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2091794291","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200012)17:4<180::aid-ppsc180>3.0.co;2-c","title":"An Improved Method to Determine Particle Dispersion Width for Efficient Modeling of Turbulent Two-Phase Flows","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Sauter mean diameter; Mechanics; Dispersion (optics); Lagrangian particle tracking; Mean flow; Flow (mathematics); Large eddy simulation; Eulerian path; Jet (fluid); Computational fluid dynamics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Physics; Applied mathematics; Lagrangian; Thermodynamics; Optics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02022431058342681,"gpt":0.2896471083901403,"spread":0.2694227978067135,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009436354,0.0003509535,0.0005049213,0.00006368897,0.0001611296,0.0001411006,0.000289214,0.0001005317,0.00006523701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005434042,0.0003652621,0.0001246553,0.0005594185,0.00003031316,0.0004872866,0.00002964477,0.0001020879,0.00008027473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001676377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002424355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004658521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001041026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968884,0.0002082733,0.001149075,0.0005529057,0.0003553976,0.0008459692],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983531,0.000089336,0.0001046071,0.0007519353,0.0001989566,0.0005020694],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001781035,0.0002500924,0.000194766,0.00006182026,0.00002247927,0.000001523748,0.0007612946,0.4799963,0.5061379,0.0001322189,0.000001070164,0.01226246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001968095,0.0003022537,0.0002969905,0.00005394505,0.00006122833,0.000008381418,0.00007403448,0.7418188,0.2550246,0.000009737902,0.0000641741,0.000317741],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6661905,0.00004331599,0.3319961,0.0000557878,0.0002062214,0.001127875,0.00006886885,0.000303052,0.000008299472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942511,0.000008705068,0.004751503,0.00004617099,0.0001850786,0.0005277983,0.00008264169,0.0001133134,0.00003370406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3280606,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1893733700","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.201500053","title":"Deposition of ZnO Nanocrystals on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocubes and Their Special Luminescent and Magnetic Properties","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Superparamagnetism; Photoluminescence; Magnetization; Nanocrystal; Luminescence; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Nanostructure; Ferromagnetism; Thermal stability; Optoelectronics; Condensed matter physics; Magnetic field","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02318205906925437,"gpt":0.1946539381174378,"spread":0.1714718790481834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006781893,0.0003045695,0.0004649998,0.00005913649,0.0001926431,0.0003270594,0.0001379965,0.0001030053,0.00001200885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002066301,0.0002331289,0.00004679097,0.0001724312,0.0002521047,0.0005430026,0.0001086546,0.00006435288,0.00005536089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005418039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000493468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004437854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001784076,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974886,0.0003848035,0.0007544266,0.0004897583,0.0004062455,0.0004761801],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987984,0.00006449228,0.0002843252,0.000341698,0.0002303711,0.0002806979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003264098,0.0001935992,0.00270728,0.0002182563,0.00001003086,0.000003573782,0.001926792,0.00002887886,0.9821342,0.0002171798,0.0000227928,0.01221101],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006914728,0.0006241872,0.01702149,0.0002854831,0.00003470882,0.0000314096,0.0006440051,0.01429231,0.9659743,0.00002338676,0.00008951157,0.0002877335],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973161,0.0007942252,0.0001443645,0.0003606762,0.0004495361,0.0007664481,0.00003691014,0.00009291807,0.00003883626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999198,0.0001443264,0.00001787227,0.00005964478,0.0003836288,0.0001271175,0.00001277804,0.00003736624,0.00001923838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0161599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9506719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2008463233","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200207)19:3<203::aid-ppsc203>3.0.co;2-7","title":"In-Situ Measurement of Local Particle Flux Densities in a Complex Two-Phase Flow","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Flux (metallurgy); Calibration; Flow (mathematics); Electrostatic precipitator; Planar; Mechanics; Channel (broadcasting); Phase (matter); Materials science; Physics; Computational physics; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04106734134997043,"gpt":0.2490251566456483,"spread":0.2079578152956778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004714284,0.0001728374,0.0003014251,0.00006006569,0.00004297626,0.00006017031,0.00008128608,0.0000536587,0.0001211792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004456719,0.0001918416,0.0000366788,0.0005263144,0.00005387424,0.000610892,0.00001283675,0.000092753,0.0001325864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002156483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001325631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004180055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001869314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979713,0.0001810921,0.0008236923,0.0002061682,0.0003806631,0.0004371107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994182,0.00003830813,0.00009924237,0.0002181956,0.000117105,0.000108949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004164511,0.0002530808,0.004121173,0.00008514895,0.0000145973,0.000006843752,0.003561995,0.04245823,0.9460306,0.0006433333,0.00006257299,0.002720748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001583404,0.00006481837,0.01910677,0.00004166598,0.000008277011,0.000004232779,0.0003502889,0.6470386,0.3316083,0.00001008859,0.00005284181,0.0001306861],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9500879,0.0001167289,0.04879047,0.0001641887,0.0001776822,0.0004248954,0.000009747566,0.0001167765,0.0001115883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995847,0.00001573541,0.00007126905,0.0000491258,0.00004926217,0.0001236717,0.0000375251,0.00002936122,0.00003938156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6144223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7823071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3081989254","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202070018","title":"Carbon Dots: Toward Uniform Optical Properties of Carbon Dots (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 8/2020)","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Carbon fibers; Carbon nanotube; Composite number; Composite material","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0420990023029857,"gpt":0.2335436660821595,"spread":0.1914446637791739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006563631,0.0003836485,0.0007041055,0.0000427515,0.0001506493,0.0002457644,0.0003523768,0.0001633,0.0001105199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002271393,0.000344315,0.0001189116,0.0007128151,0.0002246645,0.0004722817,0.0001551602,0.0001761505,0.000238235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001147086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001293967,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002443101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001037687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960328,0.0002783571,0.001435529,0.0007468439,0.0007439504,0.0007624614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978801,0.00005713603,0.0005720921,0.0006545958,0.0003153103,0.0005207522],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001851292,0.0002111457,0.00373256,0.0003899315,0.00002878241,0.00000844612,0.002229452,0.0002023223,0.987859,0.004915523,0.00001759807,0.000220088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007436763,0.0001948145,0.004954806,0.0001929296,0.0001003093,0.00001766964,0.0005758335,0.1148719,0.8763627,0.000009735829,0.001555373,0.0004202417],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943267,0.0002167205,0.0002307308,0.002452474,0.0007190616,0.001187317,0.00008075907,0.0003954676,0.0003907481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983763,0.00005948959,0.00002056593,0.0001791581,0.0007046201,0.0004048403,0.0000495342,0.00006860102,0.0001368649],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1146696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4233824713","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200010)17:3<113::aid-ppsc113>3.3.co;2-q","title":"Characterization of Fibres and Fibre Collectives with Common Laser Diffractometers","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Materials science; Laser; Optics; Nanotechnology; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01160081332277843,"gpt":0.2017896578801251,"spread":0.1901888445573467,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001272168,0.0001710967,0.0002765504,0.00003237026,0.00008095561,0.00009317207,0.00006247978,0.00006075889,0.0001054305],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001083937,0.0001519696,0.00002349948,0.0003730311,0.00005964092,0.0005457145,0.00001004724,0.00005953581,0.00002391977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003281075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008224421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001510204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003356305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988318,0.00008411436,0.0003737084,0.0001928592,0.0002373016,0.0002801931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995104,0.00004135511,0.00007350971,0.0001893624,0.00006310706,0.0001222427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001113668,0.00006311167,0.08311781,0.0001414238,0.00004769399,0.000001711386,0.0005937293,0.002392726,0.9083817,0.0000326957,0.000001316919,0.005114709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005653623,0.000113731,0.4898449,0.0001115983,0.00002912126,0.000004602763,0.00006495751,0.09485275,0.4140655,0.000002394752,0.0001733248,0.0001718273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982321,0.00004528596,0.0008979538,0.00004050411,0.00009049934,0.0003824063,0.00003717874,0.0001556423,0.0001183853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995658,0.00006557957,0.00002884744,0.00001405581,0.00003802835,0.00006911525,0.00004686158,0.00003847687,0.0001332785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4943162,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6197141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978888034","doi":"10.1002/1521-4117(200204)19:1<12::aid-ppsc12>3.0.co;2-v","title":"A New Mixer-Sampler for Use in the Powder Technology Laboratory","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","topic":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Spinning; Process engineering; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Composite material; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03926116840946316,"gpt":0.2487846220564917,"spread":0.2095234536470286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000180557,0.0001251824,0.0001379683,0.0000685678,0.00004928817,0.000121261,0.000123956,0.0000832418,0.0000629635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008007714,0.0001115431,0.00002504549,0.0005912021,0.000014938,0.0003254392,0.000007099796,0.00008770652,0.0001179694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004452111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001090678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002261899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001700783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990659,0.00004860634,0.0003068075,0.0001531367,0.000107597,0.000317958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994606,0.00009114569,0.00003680959,0.0002867842,0.0000534734,0.0000711246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001563716,0.0001775556,0.07230441,0.0001876697,0.00004555015,0.000004541443,0.007015386,0.01402717,0.8860652,0.009824011,0.003631851,0.006701029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001059592,0.00006348497,0.07086571,0.00005577534,0.00002568635,0.00001402071,0.0006190068,0.7944838,0.03653041,0.00002784976,0.0958643,0.000390351],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700398,0.000218521,0.02765612,0.0007121757,0.000547812,0.0004781216,0.00001971895,0.0003046262,0.00002304227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989067,0.00002318158,0.0002130822,0.00009620786,0.000176846,0.0002710691,0.00001968575,0.00003441832,0.0002588658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8495347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4548596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}