{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":13,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":6,"predictions_cover":13,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"e29085dd8574","filters":{"venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy"}},"results":[{"id":"W4379796196","doi":"10.1515/peps-2023-0027","title":"Does Geopolitical Risk Influence China’s Defence Sector Returns?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Geopolitics; China; Stock market; Stock (firearms); Economics; Business; Financial economics; Political science; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Yu Wang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Liu Yun","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01897901816947002,"gpt":0.2429478561770697,"spread":0.2239688380075997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004735692,0.0003264539,0.0005111443,0.001211819,0.0008578929,0.0009896934,0.001070599,0.0001610282,0.0001854255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003073616,0.0002916723,0.0001218332,0.00181434,0.001090665,0.0018083,0.0006244518,0.000425996,0.0003005396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004938723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000706985,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006807652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007270269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963568,0.00004421686,0.0007864143,0.001262073,0.0001166311,0.001433854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997574,0.000174692,0.0004562595,0.0009238058,0.0001341839,0.0007370028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000846538,0.00003970618,0.4220728,0.00003220739,0.00001794215,0.00000157114,0.0006793694,0.00003674743,0.00001900175,0.5746506,0.0006218221,0.001819776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003593059,0.00005089781,0.6861028,0.000009428994,0.000004799503,0.000009885393,0.0002522486,0.1140296,0.00002017226,0.143233,0.05534284,0.0005850096],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574773,0.0002155879,0.00008100364,0.00747076,0.0005342547,0.0002539422,0.0004971856,0.0001683989,0.03330154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938779,0.003465325,0.000200402,0.0006241948,0.0003438294,0.00003448929,0.00001399586,0.00003116414,0.00140871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4314176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2131539658","doi":"10.1515/peps-2013-0002","title":"Mission Afghanistan: Who Bears the Heaviest Burden","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Population; Political science; International trade; Geography; Development economics; Demography; Business; Economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Marion Bogers","is_ca":false},{"name":"Robert Beeres","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03531403625795568,"gpt":0.2466797140126088,"spread":0.2113656777546531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00181046,0.0003059049,0.0004770569,0.0006154989,0.001311618,0.00103599,0.001018077,0.00009979134,0.0002285208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006915531,0.0002678657,0.0001124287,0.0008370194,0.001557086,0.001479866,0.0004487712,0.000253991,0.00121192],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003474534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004116357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01668979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003529357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973837,0.00002804515,0.0006340374,0.0007939906,0.00008923254,0.001071021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981765,0.0001310187,0.0003016017,0.0007768121,0.000148436,0.0004656097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006564639,0.00005343633,0.01275805,0.00003154479,0.00004879099,7.074174e-7,0.00603631,0.00003678204,0.00005683481,0.888937,0.08184925,0.01018471],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003393038,0.00007493796,0.03625287,0.00001051282,0.0000046266,0.00002065838,0.002183733,0.002158729,0.00002475712,0.03093197,0.9275237,0.0004742112],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.66393,0.00847959,0.00002498754,0.1301911,0.0005160009,0.0004993402,0.0001264957,0.00007022623,0.1961622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741818,0.009157605,0.0001750559,0.004721614,0.0008004716,0.0000516366,0.000006330726,0.00003485397,0.01087062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.858005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2004939650","doi":"10.2202/1554-8597.1213","title":"A Novel Explanation of the Power-Law Form of the Frequency of Severe Terrorist Events: Reply to Saperstein","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Terrorism; Power (physics); Work (physics); Law; Political science; Law and economics; Sociology; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Aaron Clauset","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maxwell Young","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kristian Skrede Gleditsch","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01716076730429951,"gpt":0.283262735852599,"spread":0.2661019685482995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0019536,0.0001450065,0.0002357628,0.0001948834,0.0005455551,0.00008116751,0.001631505,0.00009469764,0.00003185008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001203319,0.0001027904,0.0001126532,0.0008770839,0.002248148,0.0008933814,0.0002743038,0.0002149106,0.000002939598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002095095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001856871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0311413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01877194,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981327,0.00006352653,0.000481418,0.0003404905,0.0004484592,0.0005334051],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981647,0.00012104,0.0004206886,0.0006769096,0.0003557567,0.0002608902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001846495,0.0002731944,0.03380192,0.00006235333,0.00002923653,1.315207e-7,0.1761059,0.000006199852,0.03423559,0.7497649,0.0009720996,0.004730029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002296505,0.000588913,0.4627603,0.0005515046,0.0000974183,0.00006720082,0.356972,0.0003498451,0.01953914,0.036888,0.1181671,0.001721998],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9546021,0.00003504624,0.00002243324,0.03081898,0.0006438453,0.0003319098,0.00009535356,0.00001174679,0.01343853],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997214,0.00006125942,0.0000689532,0.002234222,0.0001545985,0.00001082427,6.962211e-7,0.00000813344,0.0002473803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7128769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2022253944","doi":"10.2202/1554-8597.1197","title":"War! What Is It Good For? A Deep Determinants Analysis of the Cost of Interstate Conflict","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Endogeneity; Per capita; Economics; Standard deviation; Real gross domestic product; Gross domestic product; Econometrics; Regression analysis; Instrumental variable; Per capita income; Demographic economics; Development economics; Statistics; Macroeconomics; Demography; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Steven Yamarik","is_ca":false},{"name":"Noel D. Johnson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ryan A. Compton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04566093341959802,"gpt":0.3376554197774728,"spread":0.2919944863578748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0021855,0.000139372,0.0003771271,0.0004665449,0.0009456956,0.0003324532,0.0008331106,0.00007295897,0.00005112341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005667491,0.00011146,0.0001589216,0.001194158,0.002476213,0.001313852,0.0002742674,0.0001051319,0.000003038555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001333677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001220763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003852586,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04604821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984701,0.00003117934,0.0004010311,0.0003717385,0.0001703004,0.0005556177],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985273,0.0001713371,0.0004219736,0.0003253978,0.0003547945,0.000199186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000404215,0.0002160859,0.278729,0.0000688584,0.0008006534,3.125789e-7,0.3878127,0.00002778543,0.0006375131,0.1773599,0.007108999,0.1471978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007373659,0.00007342783,0.07402515,0.00002969585,0.0002358756,0.000002908739,0.1652504,0.003226757,0.001825278,0.001186222,0.7528464,0.0005605167],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9636576,0.0002982229,0.00003638496,0.01628761,0.000427837,0.0004009731,0.00007472152,0.00001050551,0.0188061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922969,0.005433303,0.0001269944,0.001023378,0.00009203465,0.00002674156,0.00000223501,0.000005473325,0.0009929094],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7457374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9713589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2042370089","doi":"10.2202/1554-8597.1225","title":"On Third-Party Intervention in Conflicts: An Economist's View","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Intervention (counseling); Dimension (graph theory); Point (geometry); Third party; Positive economics; Discipline; Sociology; Law and economics; Economics; Political science; Social science; Psychology; Computer science; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"J. Atsu Amegashie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0673116377049349,"gpt":0.3310502119221493,"spread":0.2637385742172145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003331283,0.0001821301,0.0002558709,0.0004255441,0.0005410726,0.0004963388,0.0008533358,0.0001122215,0.0002148159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001025814,0.0001907075,0.00006185108,0.0005242361,0.001727311,0.002487532,0.000136991,0.000220872,0.0001239566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006624531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001299073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04847941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01965845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977245,0.000136553,0.0003807279,0.0005809483,0.0001932557,0.0009839589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985043,0.00009713478,0.0001856803,0.0003802216,0.000114612,0.0007180977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001291056,0.000116747,0.002768161,0.000006277482,0.000003183551,8.707107e-7,0.008560616,7.802134e-7,0.000008673526,0.9723653,0.0002047919,0.01595169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008743069,0.0002410222,0.06774226,0.00004139832,0.000006184418,0.000004329394,0.003772294,0.0005832078,0.0001694594,0.03238976,0.8936089,0.000566853],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6778371,0.0001822541,0.00001014051,0.004750912,0.0002008731,0.0001884894,0.00001587056,0.00004810232,0.3167662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927059,0.001261806,0.00006208252,0.003403569,0.00026273,0.00002543524,0.000002542547,0.00001151301,0.002264397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9399756,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W2076379551","doi":"10.1515/peps-2013-0036","title":"North Korea as a Military Dictatorship","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Dictatorship; Communism; China; Political science; Politics; Political economy; Economic history; History; Development economics; Economy; Law; Sociology; Democracy; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Ronald Wintrobe","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0225768579184203,"gpt":0.2713811610773156,"spread":0.2488043031588953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001055632,0.0001944902,0.000253954,0.0003312245,0.002087665,0.0004011054,0.000750726,0.00008050993,0.0002639281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002025606,0.0001770297,0.00006883591,0.001014374,0.003945012,0.00155554,0.000279566,0.0001883486,0.0007117513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007464963,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002033589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1286636,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01407806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974868,0.00008887728,0.0002812302,0.000531595,0.00035304,0.001258402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978513,0.0002154523,0.00007245091,0.0002827405,0.0002956199,0.001282426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004475668,0.00008442839,0.04227281,0.00001058204,0.00001593436,0.000001305226,0.01292509,0.000001106359,0.00001044612,0.8900386,0.02744467,0.02719053],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001873237,0.00006712662,0.07300917,0.000004172204,0.000006895823,0.000004494577,0.003777125,0.00009926941,0.000008212526,0.01961062,0.9028623,0.0003633406],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7293556,0.0009761057,0.000002961026,0.04441918,0.0002254402,0.0002255061,0.00001357536,0.00009491505,0.2246867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866658,0.003244163,0.00009129651,0.003498683,0.000893222,0.00004751166,0.000003317906,0.00001145626,0.005544476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8754176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"qualitative","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2273911223","doi":"10.1515/peps-2013-0012","title":"Shape and Consequences of Military Missions: An Introduction","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Aeronautics; Astrobiology; Engineering; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Ugurhan G. Berkok","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03107846449295474,"gpt":0.2916529137607567,"spread":0.2605744492678019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001887387,0.0001172491,0.0001808432,0.0003973315,0.0009225114,0.0002217979,0.0003980775,0.00007726356,0.0002674171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008783478,0.0001075579,0.00002339262,0.0005164956,0.004709165,0.002540651,0.0001121668,0.0001026852,0.00001383773],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009743384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001940834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01758456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001629082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985459,0.00009578472,0.0002423725,0.0004345934,0.0001987561,0.0004825238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987194,0.00006265396,0.0001112543,0.0002335343,0.0002968944,0.0005762953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001185603,0.0001127815,0.01248814,0.00003498249,0.00001766243,4.067697e-7,0.03119109,0.000006585487,0.01197313,0.7483082,0.00687165,0.1889835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005369229,0.0002148568,0.036173,0.00002125464,0.00001466265,0.00002786868,0.042367,0.003190616,0.001088062,0.01503188,0.900719,0.0006148262],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.903034,0.00152417,0.000003026408,0.08318163,0.000201876,0.0002194956,0.000007026536,0.00003170225,0.01179703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912766,0.005660076,0.0003056879,0.0005563857,0.0007586738,0.00001296512,0.000002712355,0.000006161171,0.001420771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8938474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"split"},{"id":"W2558766255","doi":"10.1515/peps-2016-0032","title":"The Imperative to Explore the Impact of Disarmament on Peacemaking Efforts and Conflict Recurrence","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Political Conflict and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Uppsala Universitet; Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace; Azrieli Foundation","keywords":"Disarmament; Political science; Negotiation; Peacemaking; Mandate; Commit; Peacekeeping; Law; Law and economics; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Jamie Levin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dan Miodownik","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0725553461369882,"gpt":0.3831389445175675,"spread":0.3105835983805793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002627139,0.0001714763,0.0001920651,0.0001258025,0.001650713,0.000579587,0.0007329038,0.00004471852,0.0000146277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002498964,0.0000835871,0.00006347481,0.0004639684,0.003497838,0.000704875,0.000268345,0.0001188714,0.00001322527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005141775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001677379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00634997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008730597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980574,0.0001158637,0.0002560779,0.0003913022,0.0003129629,0.0008664516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997931,0.0008077075,0.0001813871,0.0003683348,0.0001879047,0.0005236887],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002973975,0.00002636066,0.005065472,0.000002378286,0.00001680528,2.862805e-7,0.02677616,0.000003367147,0.0003608269,0.8927667,0.001897093,0.07305489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000675754,0.0005580703,0.1394734,0.0001101274,0.00001147045,0.000008728744,0.0101034,0.0002292067,0.000906819,0.005813528,0.841529,0.0005805671],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9188809,0.0003487656,0.00001821431,0.05758848,0.0001307752,0.0003511321,0.00003369568,0.0000162327,0.02263185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939072,0.004052272,0.00001016002,0.0008204351,0.000257542,0.00003259239,2.252822e-7,0.000007263131,0.0009123367],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8869531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2236649062","doi":"10.1515/peps-2013-0013","title":"Winning Hearts and Minds: Public Good Provision in the Shadow of Insurgency","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Insurgency; Government (linguistics); Shadow (psychology); Resistance (ecology); Service (business); Simple (philosophy); Business; Political science; Psychology; Marketing; Politics; Law; Ecology; Biology","authors":[{"name":"David Scoones","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04010462831062354,"gpt":0.2408511450841378,"spread":0.2007465167735143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002864071,0.0002279488,0.0004542923,0.001165907,0.0003867146,0.0005002918,0.0005996924,0.0000863847,0.00004770897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008828728,0.0002059114,0.0000631787,0.00106756,0.001023576,0.001863787,0.0002998644,0.0002022864,0.00007954433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000130579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003295032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01310246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001073896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977487,0.00004026602,0.0007109615,0.0006325615,0.0000809382,0.0007865677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986919,0.0001606516,0.0003174886,0.0004887735,0.0001082318,0.0002329166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004044848,0.0001329366,0.3848735,0.00005710857,0.00002110136,5.339559e-7,0.009805772,0.000004644959,0.00003804272,0.5859289,0.004184733,0.01494873],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008268325,0.0002080674,0.7776992,0.00002572232,0.000004752551,0.00003899605,0.005651578,0.002160555,0.00003524043,0.04004484,0.1726685,0.0006357268],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9052583,0.004866177,0.000008058036,0.03285921,0.000148648,0.0004204437,0.00004860921,0.00001565724,0.05637489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938138,0.004019534,0.0001335336,0.001482507,0.0001625415,0.00004851117,0.000003817728,0.00001481051,0.0003209703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.545884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9934694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2888620627","doi":"10.1515/peps-2017-0047","title":"Status or Security: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Region","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Defence Research and Development Canada; Carleton University; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Sophistication; Middle East; Arms race; Resource curse; Estimation; Development economics; Economics; Resource (disambiguation); International trade; Political science; Geography; Sociology; Political economy; Natural resource; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed Douch","is_ca":true},{"name":"Binyam Solomon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1298500809856379,"gpt":0.2528416093545177,"spread":0.1229915283688797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001074512,0.0002010313,0.0003298053,0.0003023447,0.001135918,0.0002595293,0.0005381237,0.00005822993,0.00001969266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007865089,0.0001384018,0.00006778266,0.0009668544,0.003357569,0.0005912852,0.000500984,0.0001593203,0.00003013264],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001437151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004273579,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007423538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0132865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982076,0.00003231809,0.0004586992,0.0005319869,0.00004453158,0.0007249159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984911,0.0001144697,0.000350467,0.0006693793,0.0001341147,0.0002404344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005752629,0.0001247961,0.08380645,0.00008698249,0.00009882341,0.00001000638,0.1216717,0.00000529445,0.000004224157,0.762435,0.02214141,0.009557842],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000891377,0.0003049627,0.04950342,0.00002019471,0.00002212179,0.0007169021,0.02022002,0.002587219,0.00001746651,0.02838389,0.8966946,0.0006378277],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.943371,0.003681003,0.000005506396,0.01244617,0.0003011308,0.0002336968,0.0002189952,0.00001651761,0.03972595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930994,0.004313339,0.00003316999,0.001063517,0.0004048485,0.00001454107,0.000001021161,0.00001439733,0.001055745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8745532,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283378343","doi":"10.1515/peps-2021-0041","title":"A Graduation Approach-Based Program for Victims of Colombia’s Armed Conflict: Lessons for Economic Inclusion","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"International Development Research Centre; Capita Foundation; Ford Foundation","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Poverty; Government (linguistics); Population; Asset (computer security); Intervention (counseling); Compensation (psychology); Economic growth; Inclusion (mineral); Financial compensation; Economics; Business; Demographic economics; Political science; Psychology; Medicine; Social psychology; Environmental health; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Viviana León-Jurado","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jorge Higinio Maldonado","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04651784443430106,"gpt":0.3564078835763581,"spread":0.309890039142057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002950494,0.0002193189,0.0003677455,0.0007226833,0.00156396,0.0002069584,0.0007436702,0.00008684117,0.00005719727],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001702164,0.0002520115,0.0001331793,0.0003762114,0.0006299422,0.0004315906,0.0005016144,0.0001597016,0.000004959253],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006235176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00208047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009012692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000926635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977211,0.00007370658,0.0004969225,0.0007788285,0.0001434783,0.0007859397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984253,0.0002425079,0.0004512628,0.000457077,0.0001653844,0.0002584786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004264615,0.001274073,0.0008331613,0.0001186594,0.00009823639,3.599876e-7,0.01648882,0.003980047,0.0007835784,0.7520683,0.01445343,0.2094748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005998313,0.001717337,0.002843364,0.000008329321,0.00006551867,0.00002516872,0.007092439,0.2909433,0.0005892178,0.004817598,0.6850908,0.0008086393],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9211497,0.0003189501,0.002492878,0.03776885,0.001026724,0.004443171,0.0005821646,0.000162804,0.03205471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916254,0.00007841057,0.003696962,0.001442795,0.0002464714,0.002061745,0.000160319,0.00003942389,0.0006484925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7472507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W4405088203","doi":"10.1515/peps-2024-0035","title":"The Dynamic Interactions of Hate, Violence and Economic Well-Being","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Externality; Economics; Saddle point; Stability (learning theory); Steady state (chemistry); Yield (engineering); Nonlinear system; Simple (philosophy); Process (computing); Equilibrium point; State (computer science); Saddle; Point (geometry); Microeconomics; Computer science; Mathematics; Mathematical optimization; Epistemology; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Elie Appelbaum","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01140105306338054,"gpt":0.3144748954970729,"spread":0.3030738424336923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002074452,0.0001602947,0.0001868581,0.0003734927,0.001317693,0.00129138,0.0006850236,0.0000643924,0.00003062428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000273576,0.0001406092,0.00005877839,0.0003985149,0.003388579,0.001733677,0.00020885,0.0002302685,0.00005964841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005459191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002142546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008603015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006571214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981429,0.00008231147,0.0003486853,0.0005000107,0.0001645397,0.0007615717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986203,0.0004971444,0.0001045616,0.0002988292,0.00008951843,0.0003896553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001060377,0.00003103128,0.002334586,0.00005363555,0.00003669681,0.000001923288,0.04523339,0.00001180022,0.0002179119,0.6638907,0.001165969,0.2870117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003566342,0.0001474993,0.01185827,0.0005463516,0.00004889754,0.00007054838,0.1567993,0.04469075,0.0002235545,0.04782619,0.7364734,0.0009585895],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9467796,0.002508983,0.00006987897,0.03193488,0.001041688,0.0001815231,0.00001928981,0.0000760467,0.0173881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9678657,0.03058364,0.00001511289,0.0004047168,0.0003497494,0.00001614704,0.000001113917,0.00001213519,0.0007516511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7353075,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4296596747","doi":"10.1515/peps-2022-0012","title":"Conflict or Cooperation: A Survival Analysis of the Relationship between Regional Trade Agreements and Military Conflict","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Landlocked country; Economic interdependence; Per capita; International trade; Bilateral trade; Economics; Politics; Product (mathematics); Geographical distance; Political science; Sociology; Demography; Law","authors":[{"name":"Teresa L. Cyrus","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1231820096548615,"gpt":0.3457791240296587,"spread":0.2225971143747971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002600111,0.00009568316,0.0001862424,0.000541928,0.002130659,0.0001481305,0.0005708453,0.00003367764,0.0001429429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000682534,0.00008099656,0.00005704246,0.001871301,0.001223658,0.0005848895,0.0002519443,0.0001417244,0.000001365221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003126826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002263449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003970572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003019408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984761,0.0001844331,0.0002880897,0.0003043008,0.0004506811,0.0002963748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990148,0.0004101826,0.0001499631,0.0001620017,0.0001062334,0.0001568296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001145042,0.00002478595,0.5350089,0.000003165298,0.00009732178,2.242272e-7,0.01351472,0.00007040933,0.00001373698,0.4490608,0.001599871,0.0005946438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002327935,0.00002453975,0.8222116,0.000002534054,0.000043969,0.000001637127,0.004437559,0.0006382713,0.000005020631,0.0003868543,0.1718843,0.0001309468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9375846,0.0001890037,0.000006917139,0.05285745,0.0001502453,0.0001834043,0.0000931593,0.00001179735,0.008923463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959775,0.0003072186,0.00003768277,0.0008396964,0.000144084,0.00001664038,0.00002676685,0.000004113927,0.002646296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4486739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991685,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high"}],"label_agreement":"agree"}]}