{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":5,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":5,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"9e7106716c60","filters":{"venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance"}},"results":[{"id":"W2790885099","doi":"10.1093/ppmgov/gvx020","title":"Explaining the Policy Process Underpinning Public Sector Reform: The Role of Ideas, Institutions, and Timing","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Underpinning; Interdependence; Process (computing); Public sector; Public policy; Public administration; Plan (archaeology); Economics; Public economics; Political science; Public relations; Sociology; Economic growth; Engineering; Social science; Economy; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Nicolette van Gestel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jean‐Louis Denis","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ewan Ferlı́e","is_ca":false},{"name":"Aoife M. McDermott","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04659959513692174,"gpt":0.3366196093932514,"spread":0.2900200142563297,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006152948,0.0001127858,0.0001199232,0.00006810599,0.002502849,0.0001903712,0.0002890677,0.00003920931,0.00000952837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003722639,0.00006379859,0.00003386711,0.0005869348,0.001702491,0.0004407844,0.0001624972,0.0001174398,0.000001805994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001607044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001089791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002109489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001453114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988751,0.00008080477,0.0001354103,0.0002238792,0.0003636868,0.0003211648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994333,0.00007014491,0.0001743693,0.0001472228,0.0001219357,0.00005302147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000762575,0.00002070992,0.001084114,0.00001125542,0.00006703328,1.923154e-7,0.06861345,2.46197e-7,8.14183e-7,0.9177368,0.00008487615,0.01237287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003103897,0.00007341409,0.04657812,0.00006655362,0.00002374568,9.186077e-7,0.7657053,0.00006051291,0.00001104994,0.1183032,0.06867681,0.0001899313],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1409027,0.003563997,0.00005827519,0.07768242,0.00012514,0.0004652155,0.000009087232,0.00006536163,0.7771278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935606,0.004115118,0.0000260542,0.0004557116,0.0006465295,0.00003955818,3.713748e-7,0.000006395126,0.001149654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8526579,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2965376785","doi":"10.1093/ppmgov/gvz010","title":"Striving for State of the Art with Paradigm Interplay and Meta-Synthesis: Purpose-oriented Network Research Challenges and Good Research Practices as a Way Forward","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance","topic":"Public Policy and Administration Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Dynamism; Field (mathematics); Context (archaeology); Key (lock); Empirical research; Best practice; Variation (astronomy); State (computer science); Sociology; Data science; Knowledge management; Computer science; Political science; Epistemology","authors":[{"name":"Robin H. Lemaire","is_ca":true},{"name":"Remco S. Mannak","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sonia Ospina","is_ca":true},{"name":"Martijn Groenleer","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1348188316821191,"gpt":0.4210485695110748,"spread":0.2862297378289557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006887806,0.0001346464,0.0002553284,0.0001433893,0.0007415668,0.0004167814,0.000396836,0.0000487272,0.00007095287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001933001,0.00008852898,0.00004569107,0.0005766313,0.0009419573,0.0006921738,0.0002952994,0.0003470999,0.000003543411],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008947982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001704736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003771417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002641284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964929,0.0008560236,0.0001739822,0.0005612077,0.001251676,0.0006642082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968195,0.002148916,0.0002531585,0.0003188066,0.0003024117,0.0001572064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002219853,0.0001077033,0.0007150251,0.0001177863,0.0004723608,0.000001490095,0.01158854,0.000001452132,0.000001791108,0.9771346,0.001406168,0.008231104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007749013,0.0008728185,0.03765432,0.0001433734,0.0001141791,0.000002045384,0.09112936,0.0001331601,0.0000365881,0.03547376,0.833437,0.0002285202],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2939568,0.01270256,0.00008196791,0.2112905,0.00009044755,0.00455759,0.00007973763,0.00004577043,0.4771946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9612548,0.01567522,0.0001685585,0.00005597324,0.0000688618,0.000570581,5.275655e-7,0.00001190638,0.02219357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9416608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5703608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4404443702","doi":"10.1093/ppmgov/gvae010","title":"Reconceptualizing Administrative Burden Around Onerous Experiences","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Business; Public relations; Marketing; Public administration; Public economics; Political science; Sociology; Economic growth; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Pierre‐Marc Daigneault","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09630425855184738,"gpt":0.4271961469255236,"spread":0.3308918883736762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000630588,0.0001843569,0.0002125884,0.00006527379,0.0004330975,0.0001462349,0.0002004915,0.00008480321,0.002511973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005159127,0.000145563,0.00004907366,0.0002859453,0.0002466026,0.0006001791,0.0001261441,0.0004853456,0.0002735343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001892264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008311053,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002058878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005094202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979794,0.000247262,0.000298682,0.0006362484,0.0004161377,0.0004222873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986622,0.0007410502,0.0001218482,0.0002624895,0.00005928411,0.0001531785],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003561276,0.00006671328,0.000551848,0.0002901446,0.00009538528,0.0000448749,0.2334538,2.327423e-7,0.000001943944,0.7315643,0.02005328,0.01384186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001632782,0.00009763314,0.00195464,0.0002417409,0.00001412662,8.253315e-7,0.5185608,0.0001354156,0.000001833983,0.001207491,0.4775001,0.0001221215],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4139701,0.008374152,0.0003343701,0.07974804,0.001248775,0.0009193653,0.00001782,0.0003160146,0.4950714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9581977,0.003014372,0.0002780593,0.0006614173,0.0007015365,0.000367132,0.000003308485,0.00001518047,0.03676125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7303568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2795152433","doi":"10.1093/ppmgov/gvx015","title":"Studying Networks in Complex Problem Domains: Advancing Methods in Boundary Specification","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Boundary (topology); Sociology; Complex network; Computer science; Economic geography; Public economics; Public relations; Law and economics; Management science; Data science; Economics; Political science; Mathematics; World Wide Web; Mathematical analysis","authors":[{"name":"Branda Nowell","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anne‐Lise K. Velez","is_ca":false},{"name":"Mary Clare Hano","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jayce Sudweeks","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kate Albrecht","is_ca":false},{"name":"Toddi A. Steelman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1276103195734248,"gpt":0.4183759132014425,"spread":0.2907655936280176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005778871,0.000217314,0.0004038098,0.0005495494,0.0002720571,0.0007974255,0.0006465152,0.00004891526,0.0003011914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007017881,0.000180631,0.0000631981,0.001974317,0.0001828006,0.0007064402,0.0004206861,0.0002064646,0.00003197779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003347761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002048157,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000872547,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001078448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961969,0.0004020409,0.0008444256,0.00107123,0.001012664,0.0004727704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979835,0.0006316641,0.0004538447,0.0006680893,0.0001876999,0.00007520547],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001109805,0.0002272345,0.02304336,0.00001190238,0.00002158316,0.00002159855,0.005554629,0.0003337903,0.00003186638,0.7067647,0.009342861,0.2545355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038545,0.0001091853,0.6297735,0.0001018392,0.000002993048,0.00000324885,0.02559873,0.03073819,0.000001191345,0.0589825,0.2533733,0.0002768106],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07510412,0.007081973,0.5054899,0.004662913,0.0006624099,0.001968251,0.000007939449,0.0001130427,0.4049094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9517902,0.0002095849,0.04534512,0.0002402184,0.0001792407,0.00005117196,7.397294e-7,0.00001509401,0.002168587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8766861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7689592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4410216934","doi":"10.1093/ppmgov/gvaf008","title":"The co-production spectrum: conceptual blurs in theory and practice","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance","topic":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Production (economics); Spectrum (functional analysis); Production theory; Business; Economics; Microeconomics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Maeve Curtin","is_ca":false},{"name":"Caitlin McMullin","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01307616569603623,"gpt":0.2683160623390877,"spread":0.2552398966430515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001887306,0.0001866054,0.0001392143,0.0002592232,0.0004503955,0.0006197023,0.0002159374,0.000034051,0.00003629882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008469651,0.0001491265,0.00002691386,0.0008682446,0.0003436148,0.0009017541,0.0002344243,0.0001749931,0.00004003791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001109724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001023293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003625218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001246331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986547,0.00006505558,0.0002304523,0.0005057292,0.0002537342,0.0002903763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999189,0.0002170065,0.0001964952,0.0002796163,0.0001088217,0.000009047598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002276045,0.0001208298,0.001033336,0.00005404396,0.00007300491,0.000005097423,0.0004340668,0.000001406265,0.000002073966,0.9727242,0.00973699,0.01558733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009266263,0.00001698934,0.03150428,0.00006414321,0.0000398851,9.351133e-7,0.08030839,0.0001369819,0.00000488139,0.06709026,0.81968,0.0002266615],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00883915,0.001910151,0.0002368257,0.05241499,0.00049568,0.0005631253,9.228265e-7,0.00007680894,0.9354624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9692948,0.002006589,0.00005819049,0.003652404,0.0002838878,0.00006790123,0.000003344868,0.00001249168,0.02462037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9604557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6081203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}