{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":14,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":14,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"167e3adf8950","filters":{"venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development"}},"results":[{"id":"W4407824437","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(25)60014-0","title":"Oil production characteristics and CO2 storage mechanisms of CO2 flooding in ultra-low permeability sandstone oil reservoirs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Water flooding; Oil production; Geology; Enhanced oil recovery; Permeability (electromagnetism); Environmental science; Petrology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01258525393381547,"gpt":0.2264170674767575,"spread":0.2138318135429421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004138168,0.0001510291,0.0002383448,0.0002220795,0.00006494563,0.00003210475,0.00005201969,0.0000793711,0.000006565707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001131485,0.0001636496,0.00001322803,0.000170658,0.00003431309,0.0003052128,0.00002706062,0.0001319554,0.000001256251],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001749672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005665183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005950185,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008434191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990195,0.00003598605,0.0004038396,0.0002400426,0.000148012,0.0001526426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996623,0.00003547501,0.00005780041,0.0001391288,0.00006589419,0.00003935949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002689323,0.0003091302,0.00618814,0.004597768,0.0001145965,0.000007908608,0.01028108,0.01335434,0.6415823,0.001886126,0.0003229652,0.3210867],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006951504,0.00005219039,0.01515215,0.0007285248,0.00001271961,0.00000323504,0.001155841,0.01082691,0.96829,0.00099968,0.001673149,0.0004104916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9680098,0.0001365435,0.030231,0.000161849,0.0002715715,0.00004496282,0.000005524112,0.0001704791,0.0009682743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916033,0.001292827,0.006494395,0.00001784283,0.00001297696,0.0001155171,0.0000299462,0.00001409844,0.0004190815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3267077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6673437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1985037845","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(13)60062-2","title":"Assessment of petrophysical parameters of clastics using well logs: The Upper Miocene in El-Wastani gas field, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Suez University","keywords":"Lithology; Petrophysics; Oil shale; Geology; Well logging; Clastic rock; Saturation (graph theory); Formation evaluation; Porosity; Water saturation; Natural gas field; Mineralogy; Volume (thermodynamics); Petrology; Effective porosity; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Natural gas; Petroleum engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Sedimentary rock; Paleontology; Chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01906284926865657,"gpt":0.2481152156589278,"spread":0.2290523663902712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001422211,0.0001582103,0.0002763364,0.0001891352,0.0000546166,0.00003400913,0.0001013472,0.0000647151,0.00007607634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002096359,0.0001194201,0.00005069085,0.0002356749,0.00005021,0.0002223563,0.00004108164,0.0001474483,0.000009290075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008231863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007206639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007422801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009303095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987957,0.0000554381,0.000524845,0.0001557011,0.0002855415,0.0001827116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995148,0.00008045744,0.0000893569,0.0001666264,0.0000811465,0.00006760499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002109497,0.0002329999,0.02381586,0.0001767613,0.0002071854,0.000003387744,0.003200587,0.9562182,0.01048892,0.0007089545,0.0003489808,0.004577073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004429896,0.00007282513,0.01068297,0.000054612,0.00002429424,0.000001166037,0.002430241,0.9729242,0.01253479,0.0002943754,0.0003391061,0.0001983984],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8683432,0.00006108748,0.1306336,0.0002973632,0.00008379186,0.0001294279,0.000002127495,0.00002420935,0.0004251553],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879092,0.0001883137,0.01171785,0.00005703167,0.00001643327,0.00004796635,0.0000268755,0.00001553817,0.00002077747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.119566,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.486981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4213033293","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(22)60013-2","title":"Mathematical model of dynamic imbibition in nanoporous reservoirs","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Imbibition; Contact angle; Surface tension; Materials science; Mechanics; Capillary action; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0191341130821507,"gpt":0.2264857695053377,"spread":0.207351656423187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001960521,0.00007535383,0.0001151206,0.0001710404,0.00004208486,0.000008027862,0.00005059175,0.00002294633,0.00003582034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008092337,0.00008593933,0.00001081487,0.00009606799,0.00001024837,0.0001569278,0.00004749261,0.00009326227,0.000003247554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001898923,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003172998,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001055161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002496445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993402,0.00001702664,0.0002650826,0.0001003733,0.0001751525,0.0001021386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999842,0.00001472774,0.00002920803,0.00007818302,0.00001320251,0.00002268978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003907258,0.0001284089,0.0001063001,0.0002287307,0.00001612034,0.000004305309,0.005234655,0.9374814,0.03460812,0.002386043,0.0003335033,0.01943331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002451475,0.00003295094,0.0001360494,0.00002617929,0.000001419602,0.000002649842,0.0006108874,0.9684131,0.01758365,0.01246352,0.0003446952,0.0001397067],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6428499,0.00009949166,0.3533246,0.00009158551,0.00004356432,0.0001246812,0.000006630004,0.0002019595,0.003257638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.969757,0.00009701157,0.0296988,0.00001562597,0.000001537046,0.0002426042,0.00003028175,0.00001449642,0.0001426764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3269071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3504504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2282255483","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(16)30008-8","title":"Petrophysical properties characterization of Ordovician Utica gas shale in Quebec, Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petrophysics; Oil shale; Illite; Mineralogy; Calcite; Geology; Quartz; Porosimetry; Kerogen; Porosity; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscope; Clay minerals; Chlorite; Wetting; Materials science; Source rock; Composite material; Porous medium; Geotechnical engineering; Geomorphology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01331106708122673,"gpt":0.1798860057370991,"spread":0.1665749386558724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000548529,0.0001160343,0.0001768322,0.000136615,0.00003638489,0.00002096375,0.00005432903,0.00003383654,0.00003507025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001296027,0.00008223297,0.0000147078,0.0001464458,0.00002380828,0.0003220979,0.00001759308,0.00004211396,0.00001046425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000173584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001932725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01072269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6019734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991584,0.00002541584,0.0003284502,0.0001325166,0.0002091771,0.0001460184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997491,0.000009120482,0.00003916025,0.00009230355,0.00004318662,0.00006717953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001168188,0.0002265093,0.01415549,0.0003447894,0.0002033201,0.00002100249,0.008155827,0.01182737,0.8387582,0.0008042249,0.0003137973,0.1250726],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003943674,0.0001054387,0.120133,0.0007151504,0.00004759747,0.00000354407,0.003578497,0.3367073,0.4558327,0.0001640367,0.07688007,0.001888992],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776554,0.00003631643,0.02039064,0.001414788,0.00008660858,0.00007599513,0.000003320859,0.00005095886,0.0002860059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989914,0.000170543,0.00009913608,0.00004174793,0.00002359658,0.00005002761,0.0000324498,0.00001308462,0.0005780159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5912507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998571364","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(19)60281-8","title":"Colloidal gas aphron (CGA) based foam cement system","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Colloid; Cement; Materials science; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Geology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009247682466438695,"gpt":0.1686065665709517,"spread":0.159358884104513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001405417,0.0001602177,0.0001539796,0.0001163279,0.00004986865,0.00006266578,0.00005237566,0.00004830725,0.00003273598],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002334812,0.0001629571,0.0000202577,0.00007616673,0.000005265466,0.0001440238,0.00001486273,0.00007273583,0.0002595114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001741646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003511883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001845922,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003686851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991891,0.000009269448,0.0002308453,0.0001691246,0.0001950126,0.0002066627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997299,0.00001569673,0.00002270785,0.0001200005,0.00002332846,0.00008839716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008745384,0.00001231314,0.0004438045,0.0003101547,0.00002763975,0.000001998334,0.0004513589,0.9930639,0.001480718,0.0002951363,0.0003268446,0.003577425],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006568555,0.00002902033,0.0002477829,0.0001040898,0.000005015507,0.000002031541,0.0003996091,0.9034323,0.009422796,0.000004070102,0.08543344,0.0002630674],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1961834,0.0003589315,0.7923247,0.0001276245,0.0014316,0.0003064669,0.000003808555,0.001087307,0.008176148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994207,0.00003340402,0.005230746,0.00003038974,0.00004630583,0.00007181949,0.00004196945,0.00002968683,0.000308717],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7980235,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6645197,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2278342073","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(16)30010-6","title":"Well pattern design and optimal deployment for coalbed methane development","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Algoma University","keywords":"Coalbed methane; Rhombus; Geology; Permeability (electromagnetism); Stage (stratigraphy); Petroleum engineering; Drilling; Lithology; Coal; Coal mining; Mining engineering; Petrology; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04100586227854908,"gpt":0.2212499367462165,"spread":0.1802440744676675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002132588,0.00016452,0.000139707,0.00007838542,0.0001008099,0.00005217055,0.00004181931,0.00004640701,0.00002793055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001023156,0.0001192069,0.00001157237,0.00003242751,0.0000163674,0.0002231638,0.00003599323,0.00002697241,0.0000257057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008590311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004645006,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001182308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009398736,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991716,0.00001868276,0.0002743502,0.0002019423,0.0001300138,0.0002034334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99971,0.00004888689,0.00003100597,0.00007060022,0.00004277082,0.00009676302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001266545,0.00004510619,0.0007153324,0.0001675617,0.0001043756,0.0000016923,0.002519783,0.01158278,0.008305336,0.0001061931,0.001098505,0.9752267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00372225,0.0001982641,0.003383081,0.0001959475,0.00002585628,0.000008644084,0.0005069249,0.1640696,0.2636907,0.00009553525,0.5631937,0.0009095351],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06826983,0.0002477697,0.9305664,0.0003198544,0.0001159571,0.0002852443,0.000001330044,0.0001339455,0.00005961477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9533516,0.0005217787,0.04515085,0.00009400615,0.00003505126,0.0003973569,0.00002440924,0.0000362512,0.0003886954],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9743171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4861117,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2364216850","doi":"","title":"Quantification of petroleum secondary migration distances: fundamentals and case histories","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum; Geology; Nitrogen; Tectonics; Fraction (chemistry); Source rock; Geochemistry; Structural basin; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01919283585834348,"gpt":0.2207936109845043,"spread":0.2016007751261608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001609012,0.0001588012,0.0002071944,0.0001566933,0.0001584337,0.0000689583,0.00003964257,0.00005640142,0.0001944787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005768049,0.0001536508,0.00002535215,0.0001276757,0.00006050973,0.0005464305,0.000009443394,0.00007655624,0.000016822],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007422049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003585795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002192402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006193211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990055,0.00003410133,0.0004449448,0.0002015786,0.0001835559,0.0001303387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996554,0.00002044926,0.000063135,0.0001294847,0.00003943672,0.00009205969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004159482,0.0005679788,0.008171347,0.001845026,0.0009760598,0.0001953177,0.09680404,0.2511015,0.03132042,0.00391367,0.004724894,0.5999638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002289749,0.0001690431,0.002458052,0.0001081198,0.0001089283,0.0002006867,0.0180623,0.4025212,0.03161393,0.0005498484,0.5406608,0.001257285],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9586982,0.001868189,0.03616981,0.0004869767,0.0001396511,0.000129124,0.00001625327,0.000170002,0.002321866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996291,0.001492517,0.00124081,0.0000290818,0.00002291582,0.00006199624,0.0001473994,0.00001627474,0.0006979574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5987065,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6265697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2375438894","doi":"","title":"Production characteristics and the optimization of development schemes of fractured gas reservoir with edge or bottom water","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Discovery Air (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Bottom water; Fracture (geology); Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Flow (mathematics); Percolation (cognitive psychology); Environmental science; Fossil fuel; Geology; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Waste management; Mechanics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02799900475930954,"gpt":0.2275633258583912,"spread":0.1995643210990817,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000327912,0.0001329364,0.0002069292,0.0001054287,0.00007977596,0.00002785093,0.00004471467,0.00004751699,0.00003528373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004187636,0.00007414189,0.00000967238,0.00009159672,0.00005020677,0.000203997,0.00002128537,0.000083415,0.000001413554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002432203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000189922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.447108e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001764054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991507,0.00003763194,0.0003723078,0.0001292358,0.0001937292,0.0001164057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996452,0.00004156413,0.00006314107,0.0001082235,0.0001025418,0.00003936011],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001664549,0.00002886135,0.0006701804,0.0002617605,0.00007501154,6.043061e-7,0.008654059,0.9807764,0.0007337751,0.00003044932,0.00005766753,0.008544719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001824777,0.00004129236,0.002000073,0.0001151109,0.00001804082,0.000005741333,0.0003358134,0.8751269,0.1077554,0.00001757751,0.01250481,0.0002545271],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5345007,0.0001907621,0.4646718,0.0002720202,0.00008875075,0.0001593605,8.115605e-7,0.00005840299,0.00005741845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8763083,0.0003802408,0.1229553,0.000007574233,0.00002536727,0.00004911165,0.00002957868,0.00001731462,0.0002272278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3418077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3023418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2884088643","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(18)30070-3","title":"Production characteristics and sweet-spots mapping of the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation tight oil in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Government of Saskatchewan; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Tight oil; Geology; Devonian; Productivity; Source rock; Tight gas; Structural basin; Oil production; Prospectivity mapping; Petroleum engineering; Paleontology; Mining engineering; Petrology; Hydraulic fracturing; Oil shale","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01255823319961966,"gpt":0.1886983527026901,"spread":0.1761401195030705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001639183,0.000136535,0.0001628207,0.0001345515,0.0001238778,0.00003999645,0.0000633793,0.00004987825,0.0000218304],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001907837,0.00009815141,0.00001581513,0.0001959674,0.00003657518,0.0003021013,0.00003144928,0.00008472452,0.000004016816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009817361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001556075,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007325063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2148473,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990278,0.00003712331,0.0004002505,0.0001548018,0.0002280746,0.0001518929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996327,0.000007959388,0.00008328615,0.0001336175,0.00007424811,0.00006820181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003322587,0.0003964849,0.2423782,0.002701298,0.0005990009,0.00001952979,0.3001869,0.01842263,0.08764455,0.0001571613,0.003265586,0.3438964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002053224,0.00005960471,0.4653554,0.000873672,0.00006093458,0.00002471153,0.04470568,0.2980951,0.06471974,0.0001192279,0.122461,0.001471664],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938807,0.00005478134,0.003909445,0.001216966,0.0003899617,0.00007141946,0.000004117953,0.00003227232,0.0004402591],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985926,0.00005959422,0.0004663088,0.00006973424,0.00006865408,0.00002651784,0.00002470068,0.00001303628,0.0006788236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3424248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7994797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405615078","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(25)60562-3","title":"Effects of phase-transition heat on fracture temperature in self-propping phase-transition fracturing technology","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Southwest Petroleum University; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China","keywords":"Phase transition; Fracture (geology); Materials science; Phase (matter); Fracturing fluid; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005657115291212315,"gpt":0.2310538121282186,"spread":0.2253966968370063,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001446132,0.0002332319,0.000278785,0.0007904461,0.00008505185,0.00006884274,0.00006072998,0.0002198936,0.00001553485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000878527,0.0002056565,0.00004723521,0.0003833832,0.00001882058,0.0003191605,0.000008332441,0.0004019595,0.00001404133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001191823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004087759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005682246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001024272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988822,0.00003236489,0.0003558215,0.0002857846,0.0002234985,0.0002203427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997276,0.00005128176,0.00002017296,0.0001119491,0.00002757597,0.00006138947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008559683,0.0004576516,0.000008456393,0.002326372,0.0003045981,0.00011947,0.01419232,0.8480598,0.1138012,0.00003636203,0.0002623592,0.02034581],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002746555,0.0002258601,0.0001188425,0.001350669,0.00006506374,0.00001213894,0.0008830453,0.3208062,0.6609454,0.0001460964,0.01222788,0.0004722219],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8866202,0.002494469,0.1077604,0.001793914,0.0002450205,0.0002424875,0.000004178482,0.0006848722,0.0001545254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998099,0.0006470745,0.0008433629,0.0001151575,0.000071768,0.00009081911,0.0000902821,0.00003103196,0.00001145107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5471442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.838643,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403527747","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(25)60528-3","title":"Characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Paleogene whole petroleum system in western depression of Qaidam Basin, NW China","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Paleogene; Petroleum system; Geology; Structural basin; China; Petroleum; Hydrocarbon; Geochemistry; Depression (economics); Source rock; Petroleum engineering; Paleontology; Geography; Chemistry; Archaeology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02362410333628151,"gpt":0.2393802170253554,"spread":0.2157561136890739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002082987,0.0001899745,0.0003482396,0.0004447805,0.00003707644,0.00005554062,0.00006028096,0.00009713537,0.000003796777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009618825,0.0001756719,0.00003480806,0.0001934755,0.00002466262,0.00038678,0.00004014237,0.0001101524,0.000004904114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007251258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004989032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000732545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003769534,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986606,0.00003716975,0.0006439566,0.0002364326,0.0002714878,0.0001503831],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996434,0.00002265292,0.00008288218,0.0001376534,0.00003481767,0.00007860558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007790824,0.00007858736,0.03044935,0.002221069,0.0001443793,0.000009320765,0.008343841,0.9134856,0.02851645,0.000137902,0.00002519176,0.0165104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003249577,0.00001741596,0.01417461,0.0003369962,0.00002346169,0.000002223488,0.0003044766,0.9760951,0.008187516,0.0000240844,0.0003369157,0.0001721977],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8793149,0.0009396018,0.1189892,0.00007353885,0.0001063515,0.0001012441,0.0000121876,0.0001153303,0.0003475971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982138,0.0007125482,0.0007994039,0.000006793237,0.00002422158,0.00003599788,0.0001077362,0.00002703781,0.0000724637],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1188989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7163693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409785509","doi":"10.1016/s1876-3804(25)60574-x","title":"Source and exploration potential of the ultra-deep Cambrian petroleum in Well XT-1, Tarim Basin, NW China","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tarim basin; Geology; Petroleum exploration; China; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Petroleum; Tarim river; Paleontology; Source rock; Petrology; Geography; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00665873192181539,"gpt":0.1957199818793674,"spread":0.189061249957552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002871751,0.0002290116,0.0002977632,0.0003983004,0.0001746609,0.00009460659,0.0001305213,0.0001050955,0.00002296588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000279221,0.0001902133,0.00005457179,0.0004202889,0.00007796918,0.0005026662,0.00005358488,0.0001940825,0.000007781147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009109872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007942846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005862373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005693869,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998544,0.00009436676,0.0005734951,0.0002745318,0.0002888889,0.0002247473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99955,0.00002256286,0.0000871939,0.0002185747,0.00004336708,0.00007826166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001045005,0.0001806306,0.0141669,0.0003431235,0.0002424796,0.000004551383,0.01145507,0.9464898,0.01141932,0.001085553,0.0007545687,0.01375357],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003243664,0.00005897428,0.05430619,0.0002452985,0.0001002498,0.0000070603,0.01256678,0.868112,0.02775651,0.0008341907,0.03194644,0.0008225953],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6145265,0.0006340318,0.3768222,0.002978483,0.0004948827,0.0002984055,0.000004351552,0.0001581402,0.00408303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977839,0.0006180644,0.0004651194,0.0001288385,0.00003093573,0.0000720363,0.00004643406,0.00002005071,0.0008346234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3832574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7756673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2363797913","doi":"","title":"The development trend of reservoir protection technology.","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Geology; Drilling fluid; Carbonate; Permeability (electromagnetism); Drilling; Dissolution; Enhanced oil recovery; Filter cake; Environmental science; Materials science; Environmental engineering; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02331370984975729,"gpt":0.2060333365141236,"spread":0.1827196266643663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001893928,0.0001063206,0.0000935771,0.0001487063,0.0001716412,0.00002822957,0.00006749303,0.00005260044,0.000003715256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001325879,0.00008391137,0.00001001765,0.0001916656,0.0000224803,0.0001087361,0.00002209482,0.00009018037,0.00001295039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005480819,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002694225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.178638e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005437034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993258,0.000006493782,0.0002753342,0.000102056,0.0001312627,0.0001590475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997927,0.00001323767,0.00003030268,0.0001019194,0.00002610899,0.00003571945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003646894,0.00003991498,0.001231265,0.0001284044,0.0001185512,0.000003080152,0.003913459,0.3614742,0.004385484,0.0007411244,0.000274792,0.6276533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005419581,0.00003824457,0.002111773,0.0001031073,0.000005291252,0.00001287922,0.001321122,0.1437831,0.07133114,0.0003287217,0.7800655,0.0003571744],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3825611,0.001416114,0.6103726,0.0006685356,0.0004746446,0.0002352044,6.562078e-7,0.000730457,0.003540739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942624,0.0004090102,0.004764935,0.000003235182,0.00002176843,0.0001299651,0.000006684982,0.00001599304,0.0003859833],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7797907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3421806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2379708559","doi":"","title":"An approach to the application of petroleum system method","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","topic":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum; Petroleum exploration; Petroleum engineering; Petroleum system; Stage (stratigraphy); Structural basin; Petroleum industry; Geology; Point (geometry); Computer science; Engineering; Source rock; Mathematics; Paleontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03322565022591096,"gpt":0.2400022030937314,"spread":0.2067765528678205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003253201,0.00009588074,0.0001457249,0.00003665865,0.0002225396,0.00003053774,0.0001203034,0.00002661139,0.00001975257],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008258984,0.00005434916,0.00001676673,0.0001428431,0.0000352022,0.0001216768,0.0000152285,0.00004788544,0.0002012124],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004495541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001405818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003269986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003564403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991511,0.00007548514,0.0002016905,0.0002184155,0.0002067123,0.0001465622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996467,0.00004180046,0.00005970484,0.0001160738,0.00004229304,0.0000934167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001497851,0.0001782312,0.1236594,0.00006717876,0.00004877491,0.000001215225,0.003444288,0.1159587,0.00005673869,0.007227377,0.000123153,0.7490851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000276572,0.0001946821,0.6818938,0.000008145836,0.00001184778,0.000009010463,0.007370563,0.2200525,0.0001597458,0.0004321115,0.0893601,0.0002308915],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1021399,0.0001642566,0.8839919,0.001581951,0.00007835672,0.0002280933,0.000006392244,0.00006718493,0.01174197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.980943,0.00001901985,0.01856936,0.0001731794,0.00005508926,0.0000318356,0.00006346346,0.000001412522,0.0001437044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.878803,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2586246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}