{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"713ebf95ec18","filters":{"venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International"}},"results":[{"id":"W4386392439","doi":"10.33140/pcii.06.04.09","title":"Numerical Study of Second Law Analysis Using Magnetohydrodynamics on Natural Convection in a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation and Viscous Dissipation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Hartmann number; Prandtl number; Natural convection; Rayleigh number; Darcy number; Mechanics; Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines; Eckert number; Lorentz force; Physics; Convection; Magnetohydrodynamics; Thermal radiation; Nusselt number; Law; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Magnetic field","authors":[{"name":"Bai Mbye Cham","is_ca":false},{"name":"Muhammad Saleem","is_ca":false},{"name":"Dawda Charreh","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Abbas","is_ca":true},{"name":"Shaiza Talib","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007651150287176546,"gpt":0.2331952919028264,"spread":0.2255441416156499,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005586108,0.0001060391,0.0001606748,0.00021231,0.00002063027,0.00002196071,0.00004698089,0.0001271943,0.00004231038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003966818,0.00009524985,0.0000201879,0.0002588883,0.00003295555,0.0001053016,0.000009326463,0.0002984568,5.071345e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006267912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007137742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009636509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008091861,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993292,0.00001306407,0.0001923235,0.0001560225,0.0001969651,0.0001124286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998254,0.0000359966,0.00001982445,0.00005578043,0.00002167465,0.00004136665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004649167,0.000498143,0.3431566,0.00008488757,0.00109691,0.0000502883,0.001886289,0.3406035,0.3094014,0.0004252942,0.00002630687,0.00230547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001209596,0.0001138284,0.1547237,0.00001847545,0.00009405057,0.000008482532,0.0002071053,0.8361723,0.007287975,0.00001219893,0.00001087696,0.000141394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992685,0.00001987224,0.0001378356,0.00004910336,0.0001086382,0.00006241425,0.00001613941,0.00004083921,0.0002966237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997817,0.000005071321,0.00001226482,0.00001478342,0.00007000346,0.00001008744,0.00006925706,0.00001134875,0.00002547098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4955688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3884176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4382989458","doi":"10.33140/pcii.06.03.05","title":"Sustainable System for CO2 Capturing with Multiple Products","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","keywords":"Amine gas treating; Seawater; Electrolysis; Chemistry; Co2 removal; Carbon fixation; Carbon dioxide; Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry; Geology; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Hossam A. Gabbar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Kenji Sorimachi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009250136631624042,"gpt":0.2032597328142495,"spread":0.1940095961826254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006188173,0.0001219047,0.0001185165,0.0001032663,0.00001757474,0.00004670261,0.0001528796,0.0002091441,0.000004279295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001075496,0.0001092369,0.00002218801,0.0001198887,0.00004914092,0.00008493847,0.00006441098,0.0002930698,0.000004242024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000140281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001282485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001088729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001427327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992997,0.000001858101,0.0001199887,0.0001845584,0.0001389911,0.0002548952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996848,0.00005566171,0.00002096116,0.0001154273,0.00007940664,0.00004378962],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000368676,0.000101614,0.03652991,0.003465249,0.001043801,0.0003942783,0.0006655892,0.06375813,0.7930995,0.03008331,0.06800023,0.002489709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001916477,0.00003892244,0.001356878,0.0001806934,0.00003991732,0.0001513752,0.006843862,0.1135035,0.8391099,0.0002224455,0.03608562,0.0005503916],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952232,0.00006222508,0.0001501368,0.0006655729,0.0001908018,0.0001149879,0.00003001314,0.001312884,0.002250132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979075,0.000004097068,0.0002368954,0.000009156023,0.0002191189,0.0001412943,0.00004634307,0.00002615677,0.001409452],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04974539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.445455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229759335","doi":"10.33140/pcii.02.03.2","title":"The Role of Enhanced Shale Oil &amp; Gas Recovery in the Us &amp; Development &amp; Pricingof Significant Potential Shale Production in Other Countries Such As South America,Canada, &amp; Europe/Asia2018/2019","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Oil shale; Natural gas; Directional drilling; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Oil refinery; Natural resource economics; Shale oil; Unconventional oil; Subsidy; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Environmental protection; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Drilling; Economics","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008007599388018366,"gpt":0.2261750983070293,"spread":0.218167498919011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004076459,0.0002058015,0.000219572,0.0001029954,0.00004427227,0.00007033419,0.0003537484,0.0001641093,0.0001685247],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002200888,0.0001578308,0.00004038605,0.0001981454,0.00006314846,0.0001034083,0.00005580239,0.0006074476,0.00003688637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001704276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001228812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002049628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002065523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983763,0.00006788013,0.0004775456,0.0002806166,0.000508576,0.0002891401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992803,0.0001623999,0.0001057552,0.0002827137,0.0001122075,0.00005660339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002524203,0.0001218251,0.04161355,0.00009776912,0.0001576022,0.000001999691,0.002321334,0.7710213,0.1787793,0.00008367331,0.001833736,0.003715498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002040494,0.00003677217,0.02766204,0.0004098523,0.00003339551,0.00005426173,0.001199586,0.02108659,0.08499801,0.0002652998,0.8610713,0.001142417],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943123,0.0001402516,0.0008041822,0.0003787032,0.0004068113,0.00008909949,0.00002529985,0.00003086848,0.003812449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926271,0.00006704057,0.001132294,0.00006366656,0.0001805144,0.00003314336,0.00007877232,0.00002797991,0.00578946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8592376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6436151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386388652","doi":"10.33140/pcii.06.04.08","title":"FSO-5G Networks with Enhanced Throughput, Reliability and Low Latency","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Coding (social sciences); Latency (audio); Linear network coding; Reliability (semiconductor); Throughput; Wireless; Computer network; Real-time computing; Telecommunications; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Amit Garg","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007672159445625736,"gpt":0.2210143909891812,"spread":0.2133422315435554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000059864,0.0001170661,0.0001182595,0.00004253583,0.00003277073,0.00004104555,0.0002132337,0.0002913318,0.00004816698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005796983,0.0001018691,0.00001667683,0.0001219386,0.0001826507,0.0001078167,0.0001216226,0.0006367465,0.000009601336],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003792534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005759243,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003222829,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001089742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993598,0.000006241066,0.0001541567,0.0001781361,0.0001297916,0.0001718623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995822,0.00009992526,0.00002125995,0.000201166,0.00003705631,0.00005835458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004273638,0.000734099,0.1465961,0.0006057476,0.001283945,0.00008433218,0.0009816625,0.2937059,0.2820252,0.03632404,0.01947814,0.2177535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001092225,0.00005850841,0.01836408,0.0001775479,0.00001856017,0.00002568959,0.0003816841,0.8736485,0.0999033,0.002666087,0.003094683,0.0005691299],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911803,0.00009997627,0.0008981145,0.00136657,0.00008506433,0.00003494853,0.000008669715,0.0006169923,0.005709355],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988135,0.0004322766,0.0004178224,0.00003280315,0.0000611323,0.00003010694,0.00003046922,0.00001484318,0.0001670083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5799426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4154101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386094097","doi":"10.33140/pcii.06.04.07","title":"Development and Cleaning of the Fracture Network in the Wellbore Zone of the Formation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Oil and Gas Production Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Wellbore; Petroleum engineering; Permeability (electromagnetism); Geology; Perforation; Fracture (geology); Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Composite material; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"A Shipulin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009680949321647654,"gpt":0.2121425801967226,"spread":0.202461630875075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001142615,0.00004376358,0.000046111,0.0000170996,0.00002376197,0.000007779585,0.0001258822,0.00007945982,0.000007684108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001394203,0.00002361003,0.00001458992,0.00009488573,0.00003616643,0.00004209715,0.00004796273,0.0002656764,2.375944e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001272581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004635676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003233614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000286384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996326,0.000008011508,0.0001322611,0.00004525531,0.000124454,0.00005742196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998636,0.00002167964,0.00003452391,0.00005930919,0.00001359202,0.000007277222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001321425,0.0002721432,0.3012936,0.0008521741,0.0004626934,0.000005365308,0.02711865,0.08831527,0.151115,0.008284296,0.1496976,0.272451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003764701,0.000008397355,0.1411186,0.0002807115,0.00001385263,0.00002868024,0.001633983,0.01603634,0.7773885,0.001720158,0.0612394,0.000154972],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970322,0.0000341384,0.00003969789,0.001852092,0.00009703483,0.00002701762,0.000002534252,0.00001919535,0.0008961509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996369,0.00001914378,0.00009612948,0.00007386744,0.00008768486,0.000006713775,0.000004600517,0.000003093148,0.00007180703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6262735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1154247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385980300","doi":"10.33140/pcii.06.01.07","title":"Development and Cleaning of the Fracture Network in the Wellbore Zone of the Formation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","topic":"Oil and Gas Production Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Petroleum engineering; Wellbore; Permeability (electromagnetism); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Perforation; Fracture (geology); Production rate; Engineering; Process engineering; Mechanical engineering","authors":[{"name":"A Shipulin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009680949321647654,"gpt":0.2121425801967226,"spread":0.202461630875075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001142615,0.00004376358,0.000046111,0.0000170996,0.00002376197,0.000007779585,0.0001258822,0.00007945982,0.000007684108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001394203,0.00002361003,0.00001458992,0.00009488573,0.00003616643,0.00004209715,0.00004796273,0.0002656764,2.375944e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001272581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004635676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003233614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000286384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996326,0.000008011508,0.0001322611,0.00004525531,0.000124454,0.00005742196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998636,0.00002167964,0.00003452391,0.00005930919,0.00001359202,0.000007277222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001321425,0.0002721432,0.3012936,0.0008521741,0.0004626934,0.000005365308,0.02711865,0.08831527,0.151115,0.008284296,0.1496976,0.272451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003764701,0.000008397355,0.1411186,0.0002807115,0.00001385263,0.00002868024,0.001633983,0.01603634,0.7773885,0.001720158,0.0612394,0.000154972],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970322,0.0000341384,0.00003969789,0.001852092,0.00009703483,0.00002701762,0.000002534252,0.00001919535,0.0008961509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996369,0.00001914378,0.00009612948,0.00007386744,0.00008768486,0.000006713775,0.000004600517,0.000003093148,0.00007180703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6262735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1154247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}