{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"efc427e75b9d","filters":{"venue":"Philosophical Books"}},"results":[{"id":"W2041414122","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0149.2006.00402_4.x","title":"ALL THE WAY: SUBSTANTIVE SOURCE‐HISTORICISM FOR SEMI‐COMPATIBILISTS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Historicism; Computer science; Sociology; Epistemology; Philosophy; Library science","authors":[{"name":"David Zimmerman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09671095972440064,"gpt":0.2774603926611459,"spread":0.1807494329367453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004027574,0.000234988,0.0003283244,0.00004493365,0.0006022494,0.00009452526,0.0003022034,0.0001249678,0.00008621601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006731472,0.0001614068,0.0002675706,0.00002028717,0.0009825403,0.00008202991,0.00004739049,0.0004284181,0.00006862808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006573049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003259901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003966057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007120732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985412,0.0001034392,0.0003760188,0.0003480766,0.0002531252,0.0003780752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984884,0.000686987,0.0001530175,0.0003805466,0.0002216637,0.00006936445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004204607,0.0001033347,0.00002873251,0.00003399158,0.00004572128,0.000003064678,0.006899987,0.000007012653,0.00009226459,0.9840802,0.008394959,0.0002686632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002492743,0.00005869081,0.0000440892,0.000009264048,0.00005501679,0.000001545839,0.0001253631,0.00008537016,0.00009025863,0.5312455,0.4678881,0.0001474634],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.107756,0.002960917,0.002175303,0.09802812,0.004468259,0.002100001,0.0003033085,0.0006483972,0.7815597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9774736,0.00000705974,0.00005707855,0.003240237,0.005896555,0.00007307749,0.00004636829,0.00004334743,0.01316265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8697177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.658198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2115273828","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0149.2007.440_15.x","title":"<i>Creatures Like Us? A Relational Approach to the Moral Status of Animals</i> ‐ by Lynne Sharpe","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Religion, Ecology, and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Creatures; Citation; Epistemology; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy; Library science; History","authors":[{"name":"Robert M. Martin","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06799838394550854,"gpt":0.3259072929208028,"spread":0.2579089089752942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001640741,0.000135911,0.0002115865,0.00005880129,0.0005166443,0.00003524516,0.0003575014,0.0003510892,0.00004388537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007280878,0.0001024749,0.0001071586,0.0002386434,0.0007078067,0.00006920351,0.00007806494,0.0005148395,0.00003635815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008594625,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001868762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009506411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003241493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99793,0.0001854769,0.0003388632,0.0003033065,0.0006491449,0.0005932347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984798,0.0006744828,0.0001080107,0.0002229109,0.0001655338,0.0003492403],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001230114,0.0001054791,0.006181892,0.000008261729,0.00002511244,0.0000018453,0.00388311,0.00002719796,0.0002390765,0.970116,0.01918611,0.0001029769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003159053,0.0001541681,0.02063435,0.00001262024,0.00003213779,0.000002757881,0.0005322978,0.00003468843,0.0001073065,0.4820099,0.4959399,0.0002240185],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08295668,0.002041095,0.0005917239,0.08797686,0.0003993808,0.0006885414,0.00008422641,0.0001072282,0.8251542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936938,0.0001673288,0.0009334457,0.003651987,0.0008049118,0.000016411,0.0000139169,0.00001435242,0.0007038398],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9107372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4178806,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977187076","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0149.2007.434_2.x","title":"Reasons and Purposes: Human Rationality and the Teleological Explanation of Action ‐ By G.F. Schueler","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Religion, Theology, and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Teleology; Rationality; Citation; Action (physics); Epistemology; Computer science; Philosophy; Sociology; Library science; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Duncan MacIntosh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07705329790875683,"gpt":0.3058154398253541,"spread":0.2287621419165973,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006751542,0.0000831665,0.000132879,0.00003911388,0.0003403178,0.00004065369,0.00005583042,0.00007218305,0.000111012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009565504,0.00005319653,0.00003037844,0.00001371475,0.001139621,0.0001018191,0.00002121358,0.0001342068,0.000002937941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001159224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009776485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002000959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001224461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993036,0.00009134361,0.0002262037,0.0001490508,0.0001228647,0.0001069007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994054,0.0002730218,0.00009704012,0.00009775349,0.00007916143,0.00004757009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001041337,0.00004199084,0.0006176341,0.00001148395,0.00001575241,2.02319e-7,0.004666552,9.681199e-8,0.0003467442,0.9923421,0.001327306,0.0005260137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006493604,0.0000880681,0.007360166,0.00001063845,0.00003390473,0.000007874693,0.001435125,0.00001499101,0.0003547003,0.9799231,0.01002649,0.0000955928],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9549064,0.0005547151,0.0001142113,0.01435414,0.0001470372,0.0002078728,0.0000084557,0.00002858216,0.0296786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983755,0.0001008828,0.0000174775,0.0004785435,0.0005576006,0.00001303415,0.00003166711,0.000004783222,0.0004205414],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04346909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4198983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2066384412","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0149.2008.456_21.x","title":"<i>Is There a Duty to Obey the Law?</i> ‐ By Christopher Heath Wellman and A. John Simmons","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Duty; Citation; Law; Law and economics; Philosophy; Sociology; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Nathan Brett","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04708853256575096,"gpt":0.2997351343931501,"spread":0.2526466018273991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002041506,0.0001237736,0.0001397904,0.00001144794,0.001553251,0.00006570618,0.0003263571,0.00009674515,0.0001644045],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003087927,0.00008734174,0.00006893341,0.0001208878,0.0006677682,0.00007007036,0.000112869,0.0002440979,0.0001373475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003710424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005842638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003019094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006154533,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988589,0.00007599523,0.0001621355,0.0002910078,0.0003166589,0.000295267],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992327,0.0001067572,0.00003577508,0.0002995034,0.00004193413,0.0002833311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009336228,0.00006007696,0.0003504194,0.00000225654,0.00001103305,0.000004074919,0.004455571,7.434737e-7,0.000223726,0.9715751,0.02311441,0.0001932827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001293477,0.00003165111,0.000532059,0.000006076625,0.00001037534,0.000002843137,0.0001415023,0.00000989442,0.0001438726,0.1012889,0.897563,0.0001404225],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.105205,0.0006711049,0.00005347858,0.3074424,0.00004926942,0.0004749543,0.00005199738,0.00009713627,0.5859547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799404,0.0002122281,0.00006639583,0.01542128,0.0004516286,0.00006367437,0.000002115933,0.00001410247,0.003828138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8747354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2130501124","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0149.2006.414_3.x","title":"The Future for Philosophy ‐ Edited by Brian Leiter","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Citation; Adam smith; Philosophy; Computer science; Library science; Economics","authors":[{"name":"Adam Morton","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02409121337026558,"gpt":0.2327504604615697,"spread":0.2086592470913042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005259433,0.0003751766,0.0003353242,0.00006592525,0.001741813,0.0004545421,0.0005834836,0.0002480148,0.0002289049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006745352,0.0002488448,0.0003595321,0.00004423506,0.001245224,0.0001751697,0.00009972669,0.0007140709,0.0001182101],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004043009,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000407997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003824941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001062061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977723,0.00008415704,0.0005502709,0.000499472,0.0004727776,0.0006210611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981744,0.0006999379,0.0001586436,0.0005146667,0.0002704076,0.0001819307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001498935,0.0001125227,0.000001946781,0.00002672076,0.00004557489,0.00000371559,0.0001893346,5.530574e-7,0.0001337797,0.977627,0.02078975,0.0009191551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004051056,0.00008383219,0.000003823123,0.00001270312,0.00002216629,0.00000169237,0.00001608633,0.0000378739,0.00004009053,0.5290299,0.4701459,0.0002007779],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001421817,0.00230555,0.0001599448,0.4933139,0.002864045,0.0008156628,0.0005806887,0.0003205352,0.4982178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.946295,0.00003932644,0.00003379108,0.006840914,0.04344926,0.000187926,0.0001717742,0.0000818998,0.002900098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9448732,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4247384816","doi":"10.1111/1468-0149.00294_1","title":"HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophical Books","topic":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Watson; Citation; History; Classics; Art history; Library science; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Dorschel","is_ca":false},{"name":"Richard A. Watson","is_ca":false},{"name":"Tom Sorell","is_ca":false},{"name":"DAVID ML A. CAMPBELL","is_ca":false},{"name":"Bernard Linsky","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0771558731416663,"gpt":0.2274093892589632,"spread":0.1502535161172969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002609766,0.0002054761,0.0003657391,0.0001271454,0.00007864142,0.000007915587,0.000225252,0.00009668108,0.007196541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001630454,0.0001789953,0.0001889182,0.00001868449,0.001256267,0.0001037893,0.00003441603,0.0002884205,0.0002883718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008128168,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001029266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001119117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000381593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986129,0.0001479685,0.0004158062,0.0002840036,0.0002665712,0.0002727522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990603,0.0001502102,0.0001448228,0.0003730914,0.0001228904,0.0001486298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004607594,0.000131378,0.00001574977,0.00005078532,0.00004334289,0.00001138505,0.002392229,3.649951e-7,0.0001389058,0.9956656,0.001399314,0.0001048405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002947149,0.0001381178,0.000002920082,0.00001691792,0.00002379265,0.000005393755,0.00002004289,0.000003313951,0.0001407786,0.687265,0.3119512,0.0001378436],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003620075,0.001259363,0.00001648949,0.003410965,0.001688557,0.0001458892,0.00001258767,0.00008357387,0.9897625],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887415,0.00001305045,0.00005776024,0.001730762,0.001313945,0.00001632379,0.000005085658,0.00002833483,0.008093299],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9851214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}