{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":94,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":94,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"384bf4616681","filters":{"venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences"}},"results":[{"id":"W2015544292","doi":"10.1177/0048393103262550","title":"How Does It Work?","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":501,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Mechanism (biology); Coercion (linguistics); Epistemology; Politics; Control (management); Generalization; Work (physics); Democracy; Law and economics; Sociology; Law; Political science; Cognitive science; Computer science; Psychology; Philosophy; Artificial intelligence","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09585866243548809,"gpt":0.2636097715775311,"spread":0.167751109142043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002933588,0.0001030799,0.0001370534,0.00005744943,0.002767413,0.000185299,0.0009885691,0.00002769881,0.0001081068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003918165,0.00005533031,0.0001711955,0.0001944692,0.007142838,0.0005060144,0.00009263579,0.0001002685,0.00001516287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000394218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008007425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001041971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002139434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988769,0.00003065442,0.0001308864,0.0002095784,0.0005358881,0.0002161507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996052,0.00002467573,0.0001598172,0.0001195534,0.00005891064,0.00003188098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003837095,0.00003761896,0.00003636935,0.000007803177,0.000004574963,2.469334e-7,0.02808009,0.000005837538,0.00008597827,0.9710445,0.0004728684,0.0002202117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001183164,0.00005254233,0.0002084781,0.00003814486,0.00001098865,3.001138e-7,0.002404482,4.5556e-7,0.0002974037,0.9514409,0.04530166,0.0001262804],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08989246,0.0001503215,0.000004207744,0.3128001,0.002023373,0.000140344,0.00001851709,0.00004617198,0.5949245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958752,0.000004575356,0.0000505437,0.001104816,0.001421055,0.000004161966,1.679943e-7,0.000003670318,0.001535766],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9059828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993021320","doi":"10.1177/0048393109350750","title":"Conspiracy Theories and Fortuitous Data","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Credence; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Philosophy; Computer science; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Joel Buenting","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jason L. Taylor","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1132581300161451,"gpt":0.3995810182643606,"spread":0.2863228882482155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001588938,0.00005464924,0.00009101089,0.00003024625,0.00221929,0.0001155596,0.001071392,0.00005251862,0.0001001667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001025494,0.00003512944,0.00003102679,0.0003226561,0.00458761,0.0007297428,0.0002280648,0.0001089447,0.000004432732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005193203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002335976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004590884,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006197949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990206,0.00007516851,0.0001360756,0.0001172559,0.000474184,0.0001766854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994431,0.0001303943,0.0001443973,0.0001808937,0.00005003527,0.00005123388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001844397,0.000009227765,0.001005792,0.000003644361,0.000002871175,3.670923e-8,0.02230061,8.151567e-8,0.00008063797,0.9701949,0.0006790817,0.005721266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001464221,0.00002365963,0.009818005,0.00001234583,0.00001414622,0.000001203711,0.009150453,0.00003376873,0.0001780675,0.9488695,0.03162374,0.0001287164],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5052379,0.00005733104,0.000008160568,0.03769096,0.0008246302,0.0001737605,0.00003636068,0.00003158752,0.4559393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986234,0.00003114966,0.0001605666,0.0006204598,0.0004467318,4.026618e-7,7.029123e-7,0.000001722759,0.0001148758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4933855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990797,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2054223592","doi":"10.1177/004931032002003","title":"Trust and the Problem of National Reconciliation","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Calgary Laboratory Services","funders":"","keywords":"CLARITY; Individualism; Commission; Epistemology; Sociology; Centrality; Conceptual framework; Government (linguistics); Political science; Social psychology; Law; Social science; Psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Trudy Govier","is_ca":true},{"name":"Wilhelm Verwoerd","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06454170758339181,"gpt":0.3134065730078345,"spread":0.2488648654244427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001477175,0.00004235446,0.00009760071,0.00002118869,0.001161551,0.0000278434,0.0003944457,0.00004189178,0.00003325478],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001876131,0.00002460322,0.00007786211,0.0004254896,0.003908985,0.0001482538,0.00004684696,0.00005604508,0.000001561898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002865068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006250775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008776999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004786503,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987618,0.0001993708,0.0001497996,0.00009182917,0.0006850136,0.0001121251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995067,0.0001321387,0.0001874043,0.00003611527,0.0001225404,0.0000150925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004125668,0.00001883702,0.001773908,0.000005562527,0.000005307983,9.636638e-9,0.02524678,0.000009400822,0.000008381222,0.9715597,0.0004735147,0.0008944623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002798792,0.0000189942,0.002941508,0.00001293799,0.00001062764,1.79794e-7,0.003076165,0.0006484595,0.00001068924,0.9899651,0.002978903,0.00005650181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3009247,0.0003395439,0.000002818593,0.1061002,0.0001465868,0.0002878493,0.00001662761,0.00001149292,0.5921702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992029,0.0001128529,0.000079779,0.0002638607,0.0001724436,0.000002833685,1.480991e-7,0.000001046874,0.0001641487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6982782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2023979196","doi":"10.1177/004839310003000303","title":"Ten Modes of Individualism—None of Which Works—And Their Alternatives","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Individualism; Reductionism; Holism; Epistemology; Sociology; Virtue; Methodological individualism; Libertarianism; Politics; Supervenience; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Law; Political science","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1011063172080465,"gpt":0.3646774222089,"spread":0.2635711050008535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001634287,0.0001138567,0.000299346,0.00006172985,0.0009226936,0.00002822213,0.0009357797,0.0001401496,0.00008192165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003979505,0.00007407344,0.0001391958,0.0006846114,0.007927242,0.0003109818,0.0001084542,0.0001956148,0.000001283089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001698482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001951956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00162948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001745273,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980435,0.0004233408,0.0003200127,0.0001973043,0.0007225451,0.0002932326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989286,0.0005053186,0.0002367096,0.0001212079,0.0001421805,0.00006599061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001714152,0.00009100531,0.001411602,0.00003055951,0.00003196152,5.501757e-8,0.05401647,0.0000288779,0.0003006206,0.9403814,0.00001753139,0.003672786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001284538,0.00005562184,0.004189858,0.0001037492,0.00001837917,1.528026e-7,0.003346822,0.00002687,0.002383796,0.9894926,0.0001567587,0.0000969224],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6605939,0.0003580813,0.000004132954,0.02855583,0.00009300453,0.0001408048,0.00005033092,0.00001324909,0.3101907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990203,0.0002484717,0.00009086988,0.0001914351,0.0003694228,0.000002882599,3.341682e-7,0.000004287886,0.00007196986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3384265,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019746670","doi":"10.1177/0048393111408779","title":"Interpreting Weber’s Ideal-Types","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Weber, Simmel, Sociological Theory","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Ideal (ethics); Epistemology; Ideal type; Sociology; Value (mathematics); Pluralism (philosophy); Positive economics; Social science; Philosophy; Economics; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Hilliard Aronovitch","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1410273832587605,"gpt":0.3624656669870574,"spread":0.2214382837282969,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002921118,0.0001294912,0.0002321475,0.00005046776,0.0024468,0.0000386064,0.001715699,0.0001573652,0.000461443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001178129,0.00008689878,0.0002728702,0.0007042004,0.007514733,0.0002436459,0.0002861092,0.00021472,0.00005698123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006978631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001701731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001759788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001115035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974776,0.000833694,0.0002794781,0.0002872913,0.0006712858,0.0004506402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990173,0.0003720989,0.000302265,0.0001494162,0.00009009233,0.00006885113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001256313,0.00004669973,0.004863823,0.000005311253,0.00001437041,4.005591e-7,0.04889022,8.272404e-7,0.0001617907,0.9449084,0.0004376466,0.000657929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007561209,0.00005323233,0.00583078,0.00003530863,0.00001743528,2.455295e-7,0.00763303,0.000003607846,0.0005026181,0.9838608,0.001833232,0.0001540901],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2048921,0.0001919444,0.00001078006,0.00945172,0.0008619846,0.0002066836,0.000004380865,0.0001196754,0.7842607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980573,0.00002882105,0.0003672154,0.0007280228,0.0006241856,0.000007618529,1.018915e-7,0.000008719771,0.0001780292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7931652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988519,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036307079","doi":"10.1177/0048393103262549","title":"Systems and Mechanisms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Critical Realism in Sociology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Pickel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08242808562170979,"gpt":0.3831817262013647,"spread":0.3007536405796549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001145493,0.00006376748,0.0001420481,0.00002605081,0.00190944,0.00004667042,0.0005236825,0.00009651613,0.00001059432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000456704,0.00004485901,0.00007235757,0.0003568461,0.006065266,0.0001156409,0.000101474,0.00008836696,0.00000386883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000616522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001741635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003511453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001405343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986964,0.0002116378,0.0001443907,0.0001675517,0.0005191599,0.0002608036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995682,0.0001694217,0.00008476737,0.00006901705,0.00005724714,0.00005141194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001096427,0.00001264346,0.000105302,0.000005921997,0.00000304473,1.888443e-7,0.008591799,0.000007525902,0.0001653026,0.9909834,0.00002807379,0.00009571667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008911107,0.00002695575,0.0006607456,0.00001576548,0.000008904631,5.452916e-7,0.006769058,0.000001961671,0.0000786809,0.9917123,0.00057485,0.00006116098],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3895545,0.0007436069,0.0007290958,0.1917272,0.002744368,0.0006749043,0.00002523408,0.0001180984,0.413683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990583,0.00003034383,0.0001768818,0.0003029565,0.0003812991,0.000006096008,8.977761e-8,0.00000293917,0.00004108524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6095039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993899,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2044929331","doi":"10.1177/0048393104269196","title":"An Evolutionary Social Science? A Skeptic’s Brief, Theoretical and Substantive","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Sociology; Sociocultural evolution; Conceptualization; Verisimilitude; Skepticism; Philosophy of science; Grammar; Abductive reasoning; Scientific theory; Philosophy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph M. Bryant","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03597539877135871,"gpt":0.2703370355074484,"spread":0.2343616367360897,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001025582,0.00008717265,0.0001870186,0.0001111184,0.002359436,0.00006853412,0.0006212904,0.00005437502,0.0000693457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000962463,0.0000753084,0.00009569017,0.0004469217,0.01401536,0.0006386335,0.0001038266,0.00009986886,0.00001660805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001018318,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001338565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005383784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003702869,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990652,0.00002312673,0.0002726369,0.0003248701,0.00007515559,0.0002390504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995955,0.00002391716,0.0001941727,0.0001081629,0.0000323828,0.00004588802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000648501,0.000060969,0.001988655,0.000003090479,0.000005623864,1.177872e-7,0.002602515,0.00001510268,0.0001043598,0.9951411,0.000008244645,0.0000637284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002016694,0.00005584687,0.03501237,0.000005777931,0.00000415658,0.000002072145,0.0003413969,0.00006395115,0.000175152,0.9638798,0.0001528735,0.0001049777],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.777488,0.00015536,0.0001283723,0.00729592,0.0003050788,0.0001121274,0.00009082899,0.00001667649,0.2144077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991508,0.00001259102,0.0002349316,0.000311068,0.0002733076,0.00000402343,5.377864e-7,0.000003652242,0.000009118382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2216628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1980996868","doi":"10.1177/0048393108328149","title":"Racism","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Racism; Garcia; Epistemology; Psychometrics of racism; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Philosophy; Gender studies; Humanities","authors":[{"name":"Luc Faucher","is_ca":true},{"name":"Édouard Machery","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08717438339944503,"gpt":0.4051591126937392,"spread":0.3179847292942942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007759782,0.000067341,0.0001299699,0.00003813008,0.002104414,0.00003151818,0.0008359401,0.00008478636,0.0001187163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001821541,0.00004676322,0.0001781892,0.0007144241,0.002541951,0.000164703,0.00003585262,0.00009747414,0.00001906555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000326148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000919845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003709795,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007035737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986832,0.0002234188,0.0001581139,0.0001618916,0.0005030673,0.000270335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996276,0.00005948203,0.0001400501,0.0000810899,0.00005689833,0.00003488456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005629996,0.00005483775,0.0009158691,9.13622e-7,0.000004241474,1.61585e-7,0.01630979,4.01796e-7,0.0004241657,0.9703621,0.003403866,0.008518077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009207959,0.00006683453,0.05283404,0.00000919108,0.000007358203,2.29973e-7,0.001844782,0.000001106721,0.0001315567,0.9311934,0.01372961,0.00008986022],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1745634,0.00009093751,0.000007143919,0.1173346,0.0009682943,0.0001167789,0.000001942435,0.00003801474,0.7068789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957687,0.00002112095,0.00005683992,0.002457087,0.001218383,0.000001816382,9.226703e-8,0.000001820121,0.0004741876],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8212053,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1968804489","doi":"10.1177/0048393104266860","title":"Clarifying Some Misunderstandings about Social Systems and their Mechanisms","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09964198033789998,"gpt":0.2597748134622898,"spread":0.1601328331243898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007593867,0.0001016797,0.0002528818,0.00007780885,0.001802762,0.00009160137,0.0003802359,0.00009112707,0.00001317509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000311196,0.0000825629,0.0001342454,0.0001966933,0.001132942,0.0003928736,0.00008567631,0.000115368,0.00001299508],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001032534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003770657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001687792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006543305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991975,0.00001908856,0.0003129698,0.0002356904,0.00003539175,0.0001993034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995366,0.00002532294,0.000325262,0.00007649401,0.00001045316,0.00002591323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002567253,0.00001790397,0.000179944,0.00001632154,0.00001632332,5.833686e-8,0.002732767,0.00005640208,0.00009317013,0.9968492,0.00001384403,0.00002152666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002139145,0.00002336179,0.0007572054,0.00001860437,0.000003612042,0.000001385888,0.001085248,0.00004347646,0.0001990746,0.9971623,0.0003804998,0.0001112827],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.801175,0.003296023,0.004920004,0.02436632,0.002567408,0.0004618967,0.0002982684,0.0000662042,0.1628489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992308,0.00004391542,0.00006072081,0.000282645,0.0003342869,0.000005563923,5.043493e-7,0.000005240514,0.00003629707],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1980558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972279905","doi":"10.1177/0048393107307809","title":"Rethinking Systems Theory","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Premise; Sociology; Suspect; Systems theory; Ontology; Variety (cybernetics); Mainstream; Reductionism; Social system; Philosophy of science; Metatheory; Cybernetics; Social science; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Pickel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3060110863735181,"gpt":0.4407086502948644,"spread":0.1346975639213462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02740265,0.0001247656,0.0003325083,0.0002436226,0.001771952,0.0003022514,0.00273612,0.00008036646,0.00007371674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002948095,0.00006513661,0.0003158964,0.002262779,0.001239673,0.0002648426,0.0004528937,0.0001528104,0.00004703557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003600521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008374159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008606122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002391585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942122,0.0005479553,0.0009331281,0.0004195203,0.003548723,0.0003384865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951912,0.003223287,0.0007946656,0.0004351458,0.0003026976,0.00005303312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001431256,0.00001403016,0.002856048,0.000003403186,0.000005367495,9.065139e-7,0.003107912,0.00007535234,0.0002583696,0.9891964,0.001329422,0.003138457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007747601,0.00002322182,0.01162744,0.00003917789,0.000004904762,0.00000520187,0.001790125,0.0001995568,0.0000921972,0.9833809,0.002665957,0.00009387022],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3838816,0.002086124,0.01214659,0.003801328,0.006484413,0.0004965118,0.00001251686,0.00007687532,0.591014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998065,6.018668e-7,0.0002197977,0.000210525,0.0007794696,0.000001510689,2.990281e-8,0.000005090591,0.0007179587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6141834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995276,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2026018820","doi":"10.1177/0048393108328147","title":"Constructing “The Economy”","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Divergence (linguistics); Mainstream economics; Positive economics; Economic methodology; Economics; Mainstream; Neoclassical economics; Power (physics); Economy; Heterodox economics; Epistemology; Sociology; Applied economics; Social science; Political science; Law; Philosophy; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Margaret Schabas","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07170740387913957,"gpt":0.2651064265427812,"spread":0.1933990226636416,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006941025,0.00006208229,0.0001518982,0.00003926324,0.0010702,0.00004471341,0.0006238608,0.00003290995,0.0001003589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007461198,0.00004411711,0.0001459719,0.0002241882,0.001252457,0.0002283428,0.00004315264,0.00008661509,0.0000551454],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003936058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002645527,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002923055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005727856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993632,0.00001865481,0.0002958537,0.0001590425,0.00001797523,0.0001452074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994881,0.00004248196,0.0003152243,0.0001295,0.000009981256,0.00001468963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001082216,0.00001054396,0.00274043,0.000001380018,0.000005304232,2.348134e-8,0.0003475593,0.00001684214,0.0000030876,0.9962493,0.0001499821,0.0004744544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006770289,0.00001803028,0.003185941,0.000004157506,0.000002364256,0.000001452934,0.0002307381,0.00007306614,0.00009742828,0.9917511,0.00450309,0.00006498076],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1396267,0.0002316761,0.00005269038,0.03856489,0.0004812179,0.0000900303,0.00002691177,0.00001220021,0.8209137],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983833,0.0000060881,0.00007880321,0.001106273,0.0003075456,0.000001867963,2.472855e-7,0.000001614673,0.0001142138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8587567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8231217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2051062416","doi":"10.1177/004839310103100307","title":"Systems and Emergence, Rationality and Imprecision, Free-Wheeling and Evidence, Science and Ideology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Rationality; Ideology; Wheeling; Epistemology; Sociology; Principle of rationality; Positive economics; Political science; Ecological rationality; Economics; Philosophy; Law; Politics; Engineering","authors":[],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.305119869803679,"gpt":0.4486445869043217,"spread":0.1435247171006427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01271472,0.0001564983,0.0003952002,0.0003297579,0.002845484,0.0006344482,0.001204562,0.00006943817,0.0000207662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0092904,0.00009260421,0.00005020438,0.002174512,0.005976296,0.001014221,0.001391343,0.0001117796,0.000001530841],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001762361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001817104,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003710356,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008419908,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951677,0.0003502027,0.0007656387,0.0008114955,0.002609832,0.0002951884],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961206,0.002170888,0.000518927,0.0003650491,0.0006931284,0.0001314388],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005908257,0.00003070778,0.3381875,0.00004218631,0.00001317748,0.000002425289,0.003776374,0.00006466491,0.003439297,0.6350294,0.002155158,0.01719999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001852587,0.00007091576,0.2580372,0.000107523,0.00001085383,0.00006047721,0.001482319,0.005628299,0.00002039051,0.7334785,0.0007665178,0.0001517284],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9764762,0.01123478,0.0004052173,0.007129431,0.0007324966,0.000299643,0.000008100848,0.00001361949,0.003700503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990093,0.0001787811,0.0003346354,0.0001614213,0.0002242938,0.000005607962,2.355514e-8,0.000003247458,0.00008268328],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09844912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2253989905","doi":"10.1177/0048393115613570","title":"On the Hidden Thought Experiments of Economic Theory","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Rationality; Epistemology; Presentation (obstetrics); Positive economics; Formal description; Sociology; Economics; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Johanna Thoma","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2403931509266089,"gpt":0.3515014101262487,"spread":0.1111082591996398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001127701,0.0000696828,0.0001383085,0.00002031879,0.0005774829,0.00002673038,0.0006149396,0.00002772312,0.00009363653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000750063,0.00003481683,0.0001285133,0.00002977111,0.004087025,0.00008671996,0.0000759492,0.00008536539,0.00001867288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001870848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008969448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001308373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004498875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991651,0.0002391728,0.0001518165,0.0001066333,0.0002276371,0.0001096437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993576,0.0002451565,0.0002037806,0.0001316291,0.00004531795,0.000016486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009598029,0.00002719877,0.00003075517,0.000003798056,0.000015952,2.386409e-8,0.04546022,0.00000200714,0.00002661049,0.9530187,0.001303199,0.0001019815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007512753,0.00006802769,0.00004080966,0.00001123713,0.00001214194,6.407811e-8,0.007592853,0.000003181408,0.001424617,0.9882443,0.002480221,0.00004745012],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3412059,0.0002062455,7.406949e-7,0.01113291,0.001336075,0.0001159462,0.00001731662,0.000009010085,0.6459759],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974604,0.000003713764,0.000008911297,0.0005784968,0.0008715886,0.000004598513,2.173631e-7,0.000003664466,0.001068396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6562545,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2030912446","doi":"10.1177/004839310003000301","title":"Cultural Evolution, Reductionism in the Social Sciences, and Explanatory Pluralism","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Reductionism; Epistemology; Pluralism (philosophy); Sociology; Autonomy; Social science; Philosophy; Political science; Law","authors":[{"name":"Jean Lachapelle","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0954617405030361,"gpt":0.2954537666560501,"spread":0.199992026153014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009161682,0.0001153085,0.0001400186,0.00007796991,0.00794528,0.0001947949,0.0009702713,0.00003885474,0.0002350462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000222838,0.00006572113,0.00009931977,0.0003311583,0.01591945,0.0007419874,0.00004675247,0.0001598927,0.00001014149],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005155633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009552198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006646718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002334074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984453,0.0001634457,0.0002158272,0.0002669702,0.0006530103,0.0002554395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996921,0.00004152762,0.0001259909,0.00007675483,0.00004504346,0.00001852359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004777266,0.00003212956,0.00009507292,0.000005548172,0.000002511586,2.414378e-7,0.08882832,0.000005032024,0.00004176526,0.9083572,0.002195965,0.0004314378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002431591,0.0001118798,0.008714165,0.00003942909,0.0000200609,0.000007895238,0.02263318,0.00002472685,0.00001841381,0.9221275,0.04579769,0.0002618543],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5916271,0.0006077578,1.247995e-7,0.05288773,0.0005604349,0.0001461186,0.00001754458,0.00002072104,0.3541324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972525,0.00002306036,0.00001159059,0.0009342775,0.001368341,0.000008809207,4.093486e-7,0.0000024322,0.0003985378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4056254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9933462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017692326","doi":"10.1177/0048393106296540","title":"The Conceptual Construction of Altruism","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Selfishness; Counterintuitive; Altruism (biology); Positive economics; Perspective (graphical); Interpretation (philosophy); Economics; Axiom; Social psychology; Experimental economics; Psychology; Epistemology; Microeconomics; Computer science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Mark Peacock","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08451515193369666,"gpt":0.3781631394732126,"spread":0.2936479875395159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001657335,0.00006319693,0.0001265943,0.00002375529,0.003168684,0.00002202461,0.0006583941,0.00004684545,0.00001512343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001306617,0.00003934662,0.0001250721,0.0003550284,0.01761382,0.0001256144,0.0001145025,0.0000702023,0.000002400021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007161569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001198796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001541302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007397677,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988649,0.0001065836,0.0002590423,0.000120429,0.0004112956,0.0002377109],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992762,0.0002327526,0.0003120705,0.00007812965,0.00007523842,0.00002561149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007248533,0.00001655598,0.01168518,0.000001056498,0.000007441848,3.679942e-8,0.01923051,5.109421e-7,0.0007880714,0.9666735,0.00008587872,0.001504037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003255944,0.0001380905,0.02398084,0.00002732639,0.00003729662,7.439508e-7,0.2067475,0.000002005537,0.02994908,0.7309994,0.007544772,0.0002473753],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7686864,0.0003275646,0.000003274399,0.008885647,0.001038299,0.000173672,0.000005465125,0.00001245867,0.2208673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993257,0.00005580896,0.0001657917,0.00006740809,0.0003093022,0.000002567425,7.378375e-8,0.000002316172,0.00007103609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2356741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4255187153","doi":"10.1177/004839310203200306","title":"Kuhn’s Way","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1616693254135196,"gpt":0.2648244442169574,"spread":0.1031551188034378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002610575,0.00008582445,0.0001210773,0.00005391374,0.002800677,0.00006536763,0.0009127168,0.00002239271,0.001622438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000293853,0.0000547862,0.0001531207,0.0001414209,0.005981234,0.0003267402,0.00007826747,0.00008734033,0.00009705519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002139172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001337208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008154265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005027623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989478,0.00004257119,0.0001567539,0.0001782865,0.0004811909,0.0001934207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996451,0.00003197538,0.0001368387,0.000112042,0.00004671134,0.00002734802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001151136,0.00004532085,0.00004922043,0.000006611849,0.000003614393,1.624177e-7,0.02540074,0.000001548994,0.00009774031,0.9693046,0.004391639,0.0006976067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000129912,0.0001096786,0.0005405551,0.00002595993,0.00001689345,9.825986e-7,0.00101576,0.0000841076,0.0001952058,0.8462836,0.1513931,0.0002041886],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04048564,0.0002778974,4.550583e-7,0.02769427,0.001038619,0.00007136453,0.00001278994,0.00003101133,0.930388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956393,0.000008014831,0.00001812078,0.0007676996,0.00120359,0.000003154791,8.60364e-8,0.000003192561,0.002356887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9551536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010770414","doi":"10.1177/0048393120911130","title":"A Closer Look at the Business Case for Diversity: The Tangled Web of Equity and Epistemic Benefits","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Equity (law); Diversity (politics); Sociology; Epistemology; Inequality; Social identity theory; Positive economics; Public relations; Law and economics; Social psychology; Social science; Political science; Economics; Social group; Psychology; Law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Daniel Steel","is_ca":true},{"name":"Naseeb Bolduc","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.169891091701963,"gpt":0.355833169299732,"spread":0.185942077597769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001505982,0.00009200506,0.0002036528,0.00001324171,0.008148535,0.00002601059,0.0008949166,0.00006654859,0.00001182973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000481418,0.00004665342,0.0001317758,0.0005706702,0.007430545,0.00008281056,0.001763666,0.0000764483,0.000001151553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000288319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001724547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009121699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002820709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987004,0.000255282,0.0001742015,0.000207955,0.0004361241,0.00022602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988992,0.0005759611,0.0002519982,0.00009953874,0.0001400262,0.00003332903],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000178942,0.00007105543,0.04852349,0.0002025471,0.0001650245,0.000005854305,0.2265103,0.00002240014,0.000163663,0.7158879,0.005405648,0.002863189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001444544,0.0003582932,0.0549636,0.00009631972,0.0005868663,0.00003431319,0.09688403,0.0001081538,0.000513321,0.8356392,0.008816764,0.0005545777],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5836298,0.001356228,0.00000300087,0.383999,0.0003105042,0.0004875448,0.00007761596,0.00001294144,0.03012336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982271,0.00009063531,0.00001260367,0.001208365,0.0003068132,0.000009555952,2.306225e-7,0.000002531853,0.0001422003],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4145973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9952707,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977591471","doi":"10.1177/0048393109352877","title":"Current Philosophy of Science","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Dissent; Philosophy of science; Epistemology; State (computer science); Field (mathematics); Political science; Sociology; Philosophy; Law; Computer science; Politics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1115001333925337,"gpt":0.3093601942171576,"spread":0.1978600608246239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009495669,0.0001523939,0.0002574823,0.0002374507,0.003397481,0.00006976844,0.00218804,0.00002593315,0.0001111207],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009021022,0.0001030207,0.0002347556,0.0006841425,0.02905129,0.0007477662,0.0001352579,0.0001544078,0.00001125578],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004932672,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000276154,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004083604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008952687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976227,0.00004943149,0.0003653602,0.0003510399,0.001272458,0.0003390326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990098,0.00003801402,0.0004168693,0.0002339645,0.0002396306,0.000061714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007740691,0.0001282912,0.00005415725,0.00001805452,0.000002417821,9.317495e-8,0.01368595,0.000004116225,0.001368514,0.982489,0.000273817,0.001967826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001257713,0.000232795,0.001766922,0.00008522549,0.00001651308,5.637405e-7,0.000369181,0.00001908672,0.00134993,0.9885319,0.007335071,0.0001670273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1724436,0.0009382754,0.000002967325,0.02338466,0.002438228,0.000237755,0.00003809539,0.00004583154,0.8004706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983561,0.00001729205,0.00004319782,0.0003897888,0.0011271,0.000002075348,2.280483e-7,0.000003225763,0.00006100666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8259125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2067295203","doi":"10.1177/004839310103100401","title":"Between Social Science and Social Technology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Foucault, Power, and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Discipline; Sociology; Social philosophy; Epistemology; Neoliberalism (international relations); Social change; Social science; Social technology; Context (archaeology); Social epistemology; Social science education; Social relation; Political science; Science education; Law","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Pickel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09912128412610711,"gpt":0.3912407030522486,"spread":0.2921194189261415,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003565645,0.0001534453,0.0002905526,0.0002488027,0.01377651,0.0001607123,0.001844893,0.0002888329,0.00003106351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006457175,0.0001217232,0.0001294531,0.003468507,0.03607323,0.0004761447,0.0003995315,0.0003633054,0.000009160731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001467151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009121423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005739015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001774322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964966,0.0002179562,0.0002815966,0.0004237932,0.001867346,0.0007126994],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990153,0.0001422027,0.0002823962,0.0001058934,0.0003879164,0.00006630008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006316827,0.0000356393,0.01502195,0.00001031473,0.00001065351,5.302657e-7,0.04671877,1.098269e-7,0.0002461054,0.9284255,0.0005270533,0.008997089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002967812,0.00007478374,0.04468452,0.00001943241,0.00005036766,0.000001530213,0.02046714,0.00000382516,0.0002842516,0.8734115,0.06034171,0.0003641751],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4299051,0.0001111525,0.000006088923,0.2541096,0.0006241157,0.0002401623,0.00001387161,0.0001025861,0.3148873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972239,0.00004396178,0.00006319395,0.0005758058,0.001875201,0.000006138274,2.750834e-7,0.000007106479,0.0002044482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5673187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9875074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2058027163","doi":"10.1177/0048393105280832","title":"Historical Materialism and Supervenience","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Supervenience; Materialism; Historical materialism; Epistemology; Interpretation (philosophy); Philosophy; Individuation; Sociology; Metaphysics; Law; Marxist philosophy; Political science; Linguistics; Psychology","authors":[{"name":"Colin Farrelly","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07077875656375743,"gpt":0.325779412050909,"spread":0.2550006554871516,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007913007,0.00005659023,0.0001217781,0.00002567707,0.001477836,0.00004323832,0.0004771502,0.00005660918,0.00007131606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001853453,0.00004102954,0.00007312535,0.000197872,0.002477255,0.0002729553,0.000100102,0.00005628412,0.000005594326],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001273537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001080421,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002171259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001733886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990283,0.0001310087,0.000154283,0.000148597,0.0002836732,0.0002540835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.00007473934,0.00007050035,0.00005767255,0.00002476161,0.00006369095],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001832699,0.00001943291,0.000932755,0.000003636596,0.000001756837,6.504209e-8,0.004618347,3.52284e-7,0.00007519324,0.9919265,0.0004349602,0.001985176],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000150023,0.00003820992,0.008765003,0.00001543722,0.00001460557,8.464823e-7,0.0006699578,0.000007986539,0.0004489883,0.7076261,0.2820903,0.0001725484],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5466321,0.0002520854,0.00000500982,0.1801671,0.000696004,0.0001214768,0.000004271525,0.00002980853,0.2720922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976596,0.00002821793,0.0001667318,0.0006357239,0.001060532,0.000003482851,3.218849e-8,0.000001820042,0.0004438777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4510275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2019621904","doi":"10.1177/0048393106289793","title":"Boas and Holism","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Critical Realism in Sociology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Holism; Agency (philosophy); Epistemology; Sociology; Ethnography; Space (punctuation); Structure and agency; Philosophy; Anthropology","authors":[{"name":"Michel Verdon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06533879391618563,"gpt":0.3862269783403289,"spread":0.3208881844241433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009128995,0.0000630252,0.0001289547,0.0000264935,0.001942299,0.0000390745,0.0004901804,0.00009154728,0.00003360659],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003535338,0.00004524906,0.00008477567,0.0003717282,0.009949722,0.0001131063,0.0001065765,0.00009016914,0.000003538297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002915588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000100063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005777249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004605191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987069,0.0002430635,0.0001459981,0.0001664517,0.0004642853,0.0002733137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994923,0.0002755885,0.00008090551,0.00006526714,0.00005272218,0.00003314966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001196051,0.00001579111,0.00312123,0.000003089268,0.000001544041,1.547298e-7,0.004259395,6.024438e-7,0.0001076233,0.9912682,0.0008386536,0.0003825699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006461113,0.00001296151,0.02123477,0.00000575419,0.000008752925,2.659888e-7,0.001616903,0.000002311683,0.00006345033,0.9694746,0.007448558,0.00006712432],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4741216,0.0002672459,0.00000576691,0.08000936,0.0003909524,0.0001209444,0.000007854122,0.0000305802,0.4450457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982858,0.00002460282,0.0001022383,0.0004077128,0.0009832876,0.000003460206,1.859727e-7,0.000002780657,0.0001899874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5241641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385755367","doi":"10.1177/00483931231181930","title":"Instrumental Rationality in the Social Sciences","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Instrumentalism; Rationality; Epistemology; Argument (complex analysis); Subjectivism; Philosophy of science; Simple (philosophy); Counterexample; Sociology; Positive economics; Philosophy; Ecological rationality; Economics; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Katharina Nieswandt","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3416999638884397,"gpt":0.3965036872482954,"spread":0.05480372335985573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001512972,0.00008288184,0.0001027263,0.00007780035,0.00260363,0.00004970705,0.00131875,0.00003883293,0.00002970333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001453147,0.00004591157,0.0001145259,0.00185579,0.004450471,0.0001965319,0.0001619115,0.0001374671,0.00003726418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002522992,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008253971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005752206,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001571962,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979262,0.0003503065,0.0001939727,0.0002899859,0.000979846,0.0002596857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995992,0.0001898759,0.0001239933,0.00006372444,0.00001181489,0.00001139051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001792494,0.0002000743,0.01062134,0.000009631411,0.00000302387,0.000001838349,0.005355059,0.00004753249,0.01243429,0.966674,0.003792509,0.0008428265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002109987,0.00006747679,0.2363501,0.00001060207,0.000003722597,0.000003554751,0.001003655,0.00008701641,0.002824716,0.759033,0.0003053233,0.00009978294],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7995102,0.000005651873,3.385414e-7,0.1557123,0.0004750026,0.0001287801,0.00001678063,0.00001830432,0.04413264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957658,0.00000553365,0.00001132865,0.003817192,0.0003471137,0.00001153173,5.738889e-7,0.000001740152,0.00003916059],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2257288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2078839159","doi":"10.1177/0048393107303776","title":"Defending Scientific Study of the Social","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Positivism; Criticism; Relativism; Epistemology; Sociology; Relation (database); Identification (biology); Social science; Philosophy; Law; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Kei Yoshida","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2271629733512079,"gpt":0.4296373905757302,"spread":0.2024744172245224,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01145153,0.0001028217,0.0002114141,0.00005537446,0.01053019,0.00008686023,0.001814982,0.0001025134,0.00007277528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001154517,0.00005943867,0.0002767589,0.00192682,0.007992074,0.0003399186,0.000304402,0.0002489543,0.000003378939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005304438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002203411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006560095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005499706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963292,0.001477107,0.0003607096,0.0002693762,0.001212759,0.000350856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998203,0.0008870819,0.0005804443,0.0001602518,0.0001303655,0.00003883025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004747327,0.0003918246,0.03561482,0.000008064821,0.00003046278,4.822571e-7,0.1960679,0.000003043492,0.0005922406,0.7653611,0.0002452618,0.001637363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003980095,0.0001756534,0.1111084,0.00002606785,0.00007575176,3.528989e-7,0.1791499,0.000001822823,0.0005551022,0.69979,0.008481586,0.0002373013],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8259676,0.00006126316,0.000003939044,0.008177803,0.001251055,0.0003619063,0.000004721639,0.00001869235,0.1641531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988238,0.00000189602,0.00001309591,0.0001489761,0.0006571209,0.000002961128,1.062453e-7,0.000003359724,0.0003487121],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1728562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9947076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978669899","doi":"10.1177/0048393109352867","title":"Cartwright on “Economics”","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Nothing; Positive economics; Economics; Economic methodology; Causality (physics); Variable (mathematics); Philosophy and economics; Epistemology; Neoclassical economics; Mathematical economics; Philosophy; Mathematics","authors":[{"name":"Lawrence A. Boland","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07228404409529134,"gpt":0.2623460942732963,"spread":0.190062050178005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004408569,0.00007414124,0.0001811013,0.00007062405,0.000670402,0.00002820383,0.0005203728,0.00004315496,0.0001128547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004020824,0.00006164487,0.0001666033,0.0001740017,0.0005770877,0.0001865557,0.00002706225,0.000073414,0.0001488261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004496414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002180638,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002457706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003871083,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993289,0.0000138048,0.0002827583,0.0002059093,0.00001872022,0.0001499854],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995558,0.00002505188,0.0002467906,0.0001443767,0.000006919009,0.00002104969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003525256,0.00003536798,0.0006228921,0.000001080881,0.000004897631,3.271487e-8,0.0002657928,0.000111802,0.000007498111,0.998486,0.0002248069,0.0002362747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009835738,0.00006312753,0.008866586,0.000005130155,0.000001760013,3.411309e-7,0.00002320818,0.00004863437,0.0002443404,0.9822153,0.00834764,0.00008561261],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3588979,0.0001093174,0.00001116508,0.01715921,0.0005057409,0.00007184236,0.0000446101,0.00001160804,0.6231886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980063,0.00002184242,0.00004340833,0.001383106,0.0003030758,0.000001809024,4.098616e-7,0.000002242595,0.0002377862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6391084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5156258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2998289355","doi":"10.1177/0048393119894901","title":"Optimism for Naturalized Social Metaphysics: A Reply to Hawley","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Naturalism; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Daniel J. Saunders","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08163381641922365,"gpt":0.4007705191296468,"spread":0.3191367027104232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001642803,0.0001219712,0.0003341323,0.00005677026,0.003022512,0.0000904168,0.001059982,0.0000879805,0.00007996363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003836501,0.0000876049,0.0004052991,0.0007717816,0.0009036644,0.0002479292,0.0001229364,0.0001104583,0.00002040922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009199608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004038043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003406038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002264626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978408,0.000219647,0.0002839652,0.0002985997,0.0007949354,0.0005620914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991016,0.0003058403,0.0002237106,0.0001248293,0.0001557843,0.00008820486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003762449,0.00003750563,0.001559423,0.00007491365,0.00002499945,6.213028e-8,0.02685612,0.00001063822,0.00005892354,0.9611096,0.009090059,0.001140092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001019953,0.0001687279,0.02306485,0.000102931,0.00008007135,2.131604e-7,0.01461701,0.0000527196,0.0003781509,0.6953121,0.2645994,0.0006039272],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2997666,0.000199828,0.00003223624,0.561888,0.003132949,0.002043474,0.00007593795,0.00008659046,0.1327745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823539,0.000009705675,0.0008014488,0.01441953,0.001290291,0.00004051862,7.396777e-7,0.000008479865,0.001075347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6825874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2913809085","doi":"10.1177/0048393118821185","title":"The Essential Ambiguity of the Social","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Ambiguity; Epistemology; Sociology; Individuation; Subject matter; Abstraction; Sociological theory; Subject (documents); Social science; Philosophy; Psychology; Psychoanalysis; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Bryan Green","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09251651652523513,"gpt":0.3846651635164567,"spread":0.2921486469912216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004815444,0.0001005255,0.0002028529,0.00001321039,0.007020317,0.0000731717,0.002241216,0.0001269566,0.0001460973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009391982,0.00004744959,0.0004230725,0.0007723534,0.008328592,0.0002757098,0.0003400859,0.0002806235,0.00001319202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003459982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003257843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008279899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001608397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99621,0.002051239,0.0002852909,0.0002014673,0.0009520416,0.0002999579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979359,0.001158506,0.0005769383,0.0001882318,0.0001132872,0.00002716688],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003922301,0.00004532838,0.005161013,0.000006943219,0.00002288102,5.572437e-8,0.01694163,0.000002040209,0.0004061923,0.975858,0.0004808808,0.001035822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001667413,0.00004804217,0.026992,0.00001535928,0.00003120916,1.61576e-7,0.01037161,0.000004038031,0.0004780678,0.9369642,0.02480281,0.0001257807],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5863377,0.0001406465,0.000001345214,0.08034249,0.00148173,0.0003347213,0.00001112963,0.0000159467,0.3313343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976692,0.00002997424,0.000005506154,0.0004210538,0.0008597197,0.000004389603,1.373079e-7,0.000003204743,0.001006883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4113314,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9943702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1979836458","doi":"10.1177/0048393104269199","title":"Systemism, Social Laws, and the Limits of Social Theory: Themes Out of Mario Bunge’s","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Social philosophy; Philosophy of social science; Epistemology; Sociology; Social theory; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Social science; Social relation","authors":[{"name":"С. И. Садовников","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.088542083237987,"gpt":0.2760504615533304,"spread":0.1875083783153434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001302433,0.0001529575,0.0004085684,0.00006270692,0.003050652,0.00005612029,0.001032994,0.00006315978,0.00005125823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007211475,0.00008597141,0.0003005768,0.0001397169,0.02041357,0.0002478735,0.0001514677,0.0001411153,0.000002486465],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003530931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001507954,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002689982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002276355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982464,0.0002143692,0.0003820988,0.0002200456,0.0007113501,0.000225761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989728,0.0001481236,0.0006035031,0.0001110264,0.0001414199,0.00002315499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000538807,0.00006920323,0.00001288575,0.00006236924,0.0000284565,7.255451e-8,0.158251,9.775827e-7,0.0003721678,0.8408796,0.0001111931,0.0001582415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007584019,0.00009742323,0.0002961252,0.00005137172,0.00007837116,4.635382e-7,0.009419424,0.000001765069,0.0007878764,0.9863464,0.002023204,0.0001391925],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3276243,0.001119774,0.000006147979,0.0425851,0.001337549,0.0005188247,0.0001569757,0.00003740191,0.6266139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981953,0.00001318509,0.00001240594,0.0002363674,0.001096051,0.000007046926,4.390686e-7,0.000006356534,0.0004328405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.670571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1993592588","doi":"10.1177/0048393107303779","title":"Slaves in Plato's Laws","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Classical Antiquity Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Scholarship; Criticism; Philosophy; Politics; Presentation (obstetrics); Reading (process); Law; Epistemology; Literature; Political science; Art","authors":[{"name":"Amir Meital","is_ca":false},{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09458041162055938,"gpt":0.3876707028647339,"spread":0.2930902912441745,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002419613,0.00007528788,0.0001647048,0.00006811114,0.001602708,0.00002903292,0.0007479308,0.00006652017,0.00002667269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005017937,0.00005190467,0.0001238807,0.001188399,0.004639868,0.0001579663,0.0001675684,0.0001197249,0.000006953962],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006551142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001022445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00154246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01534087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983594,0.0001313054,0.0002189525,0.0001794805,0.0007333194,0.0003775253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994019,0.0003216669,0.0001278258,0.00006921869,0.00004400613,0.00003533172],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008350093,0.0000692906,0.03189325,0.000005981526,0.000006040371,8.267103e-7,0.02328176,0.000001678872,0.0001600484,0.9410963,0.0004912865,0.002985201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002110956,0.00004427957,0.1756997,0.00004705198,0.00001066142,1.860149e-7,0.011631,0.000004399674,0.0007936034,0.7873169,0.02403896,0.0002022427],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4792335,0.0001173386,0.000004989549,0.08594099,0.0004265368,0.0001621165,0.000002998451,0.0000266665,0.4340849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998633,0.00002320136,0.00007710533,0.0003223729,0.0005302912,0.000001779976,5.166718e-8,0.000002497206,0.0004096789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5193995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3215235437","doi":"10.1177/00483931211049770","title":"How to Put the Cart Behind the Horse in the Cultural Evolution of Gender","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Division of labour; Cart; Sociology; Division (mathematics); Social learning; Epistemology; History; Political science; Law; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Daniel J. Saunders","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1356596976781476,"gpt":0.3911043388502115,"spread":0.2554446411720639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001021917,0.00009150746,0.0001220929,0.00003290836,0.001077191,0.00003240358,0.001178596,0.00007873475,0.00009784046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006750316,0.00003792998,0.0001654654,0.0005355323,0.002116143,0.00009746472,0.0001052156,0.0002409976,0.00001187075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003217487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006446155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000132913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003020949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982412,0.0007355418,0.0001788099,0.000223638,0.0004025708,0.0002182031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993004,0.0001442274,0.0001419626,0.0003119491,0.00008732807,0.00001412926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003107458,0.0002773395,0.03618374,0.000006084872,0.00003791236,0.000002404945,0.08240553,0.00001743677,0.001185563,0.8665739,0.01291756,0.0003614605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001513794,0.00005438922,0.8437299,0.000007811544,0.00004128267,0.00001285501,0.02016722,0.000001080574,0.00005289642,0.134432,0.001284881,0.00006432058],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8177646,0.0009322934,0.00000534424,0.1349108,0.0009438853,0.000273975,0.00001773009,0.000005853907,0.0451455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980529,0.000004241065,0.00001554121,0.000825408,0.0004976045,0.00003288117,8.054686e-7,0.000003041032,0.000567609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8075461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8284988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2052872890","doi":"10.1177/0048393112444501","title":"The Freeman-Mead Controversy Revisited","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Reputation; Sociology; Anthropology; American samoa; Rest (music); Ethnology; Social science","authors":[{"name":"I. C. Jarvie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0595234506591921,"gpt":0.3492938613663211,"spread":0.2897704107071289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001800609,0.00009557841,0.0001496127,0.00001457072,0.00737964,0.000099001,0.001103453,0.00008303956,0.00003763355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006446327,0.00004909546,0.000238804,0.0008039194,0.004068227,0.0003403048,0.0001138738,0.0001286584,0.00002045658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007233772,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009956646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008463277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003227679,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979596,0.0003825979,0.0001943128,0.0001245217,0.0008517213,0.0004872766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991549,0.0003214845,0.0002375653,0.0001101275,0.0001086259,0.0000672786],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005405851,0.00002475362,0.006712357,0.000003116155,0.00001488243,3.129502e-8,0.01476237,4.715861e-7,0.00009054897,0.9738556,0.00239014,0.00214032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003440953,0.0000537585,0.05998132,0.00004777355,0.00009472403,5.249117e-7,0.0274852,0.00002573238,0.0001428631,0.7767362,0.1346838,0.0004040261],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2274462,0.002117008,0.000008238429,0.1189619,0.002840878,0.0005891327,0.00001971961,0.00008846784,0.6479285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963655,0.0001356192,0.00002592779,0.0005790213,0.002053355,0.000007216776,3.828877e-7,0.000003688049,0.0008292771],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7689193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2074319057","doi":"10.1177/0048393106293377","title":"Rescuing the <i>Gorgias</i> from Latour","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Emile Durkheim and Sociology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Epistemology; Relevance (law); Key (lock); Politics; Reading (process); Philosophy; Sociology; Law; Political science; Computer science","authors":[{"name":"Jeff Kochan","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05277579070202116,"gpt":0.328475330002744,"spread":0.2756995393007228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001490956,0.00009187221,0.000160288,0.00002266232,0.004458363,0.00005935335,0.001362192,0.0001176843,0.00007204775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001639707,0.00005223239,0.0002048784,0.0005787089,0.0054956,0.0001406634,0.0001302501,0.0001739027,0.00001208434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004202535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001873369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01752426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002308921,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979932,0.0005782961,0.0002166426,0.0002107914,0.0006624766,0.0003385709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991105,0.0004515448,0.0002038588,0.0001456247,0.00006341571,0.0000251092],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000324187,0.00002598377,0.01379855,0.000001610067,0.000009059396,2.705447e-7,0.01596603,0.00001292162,0.0002806406,0.9654858,0.004169722,0.0002461817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009687044,0.00001157609,0.02425921,0.00001155656,0.00001984708,1.080159e-7,0.005231629,0.000006547094,0.0002304988,0.9552195,0.01481052,0.0001021565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5413299,0.0004070305,0.000004733651,0.06212773,0.0007615309,0.0001597761,0.00001766567,0.00003849655,0.3951531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962304,0.00003143769,0.00005235566,0.0007981977,0.002544421,0.000006109214,7.817229e-7,0.000004517305,0.0003317292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4549005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996115560","doi":"10.1177/0048393113510467","title":"Is a Post-philosophical Sociology Possible? Insights from Norbert Elias’s Sociology of Knowledge","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Sociology and Norbert Elias","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology of knowledge; Sociology; Epistemology; Relativism; Agency (philosophy); Historical sociology; Medical sociology; Social geometry; Social science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Philip Walsh","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0681591685265393,"gpt":0.361854158619655,"spread":0.2936949900931157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001625807,0.0002585429,0.0007051507,0.0001314418,0.002952859,0.00001419911,0.002003106,0.000788858,0.0002560297],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001317292,0.0001871271,0.0005613948,0.0005724315,0.0327642,0.0002110878,0.0003420321,0.0004785552,0.00007195934],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008433648,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006352837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002524152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005322177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953869,0.00224755,0.0006019665,0.0005757102,0.0006033402,0.0005845124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966831,0.001902912,0.0006068366,0.0003024878,0.0003933752,0.0001113054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000451724,0.0001764732,0.01504876,0.00001456943,0.00008762222,2.719301e-7,0.1817385,0.000001431991,0.00144063,0.8002164,0.0008474416,0.0003826997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000321592,0.0002065125,0.04241019,0.00002925568,0.00006686421,3.494806e-7,0.003861943,0.00001947056,0.000674584,0.950462,0.001717392,0.0002298055],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.822177,0.0008876947,0.000008915847,0.09138901,0.001267615,0.0002402412,0.00004322784,0.00004825258,0.08393804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944703,0.00007023579,0.0001367593,0.002975162,0.002176094,0.0000152365,0.000004533195,0.00001266113,0.0001390234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1778766,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2902683547","doi":"10.1177/0048393118811308","title":"Classical Cybernetics and Transhumanism: A Reply to Richmond’s Review of <i>The Nature of the Machine and the Collapse of Cybernetics</i>","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Humber Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Transhumanism; Cybernetics; Epistemology; Humanity; Environmental ethics; Sociology; Posthuman; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Alcibiades Malapi‐Nelson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04773168915809328,"gpt":0.3331632144372865,"spread":0.2854315252791932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001237669,0.0001275812,0.0003128202,0.00003701177,0.0006738555,0.00001734199,0.001469168,0.00007252374,0.00001709401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002235132,0.00005691016,0.0001409366,0.001509373,0.01846794,0.00004900523,0.0004819341,0.0003684755,3.68758e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001170077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001085864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004167256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003953235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974485,0.0004914082,0.0005303033,0.0002996113,0.001056976,0.0001732063],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982137,0.0005444065,0.0006205323,0.0003970023,0.0001910639,0.00003327491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007348228,0.0002272472,0.0004164671,0.0008981367,0.00002116861,1.953389e-7,0.006950639,8.611675e-7,0.1345467,0.8522316,0.003812685,0.000820771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001209668,0.0006082591,0.01094022,0.002322446,0.0002378754,0.000008445596,0.0001638442,0.00008089293,0.4042317,0.5700732,0.009846935,0.0002765861],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5361865,0.002228441,0.00001602089,0.4414692,0.001093297,0.0018285,0.0001837094,0.00001382604,0.01698058],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9843793,0.0005340751,0.00005653845,0.0147516,0.0001261072,0.000008040212,8.684885e-8,0.000006170573,0.0001381203],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4481928,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9842032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2084576870","doi":"10.1177/004839310103100301","title":"A Disturbance of Psychoanalytic Memory","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","field":"Psychology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Psychoanalytic theory; Misrepresentation; Representation (politics); Psychoanalysis; Disturbance (geology); Psychology; Meaning (existential); Relevance (law); Epistemology; Sociology; Psychotherapist; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Charles Hanly","is_ca":true},{"name":"Christopher Nichols","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07671639654811681,"gpt":0.3992692232909302,"spread":0.3225528267428134,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002401665,0.00006033312,0.0001215106,0.00003532651,0.0002226568,0.000004732407,0.0006764074,0.00003812018,0.0002306519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005963393,0.00004034509,0.0001375847,0.0006881736,0.0009956504,0.00003305399,0.00001975087,0.00005827436,0.000006192796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007842157,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001287873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00011909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005662724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992891,0.00004570621,0.0001779465,0.0001597998,0.0002018243,0.000125654],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995071,0.0000338025,0.0002026266,0.0002135096,0.00002840816,0.00001449572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005030175,0.0004776828,0.01096189,0.00001255005,0.00006023506,2.692213e-7,0.005114982,0.000003933845,0.002442583,0.9596356,0.01029571,0.01094432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002883587,0.0001110422,0.07282426,0.00003091849,0.0000268775,0.000003374151,0.0003369924,0.00001588579,0.000685536,0.9129142,0.01261835,0.000144178],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.252498,0.0004310031,0.0003781944,0.02023868,0.000331119,0.000260057,0.00001434641,0.0000367266,0.7258119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985341,0.00002594558,0.0002056891,0.0003328105,0.0001671538,0.00002225168,1.454765e-7,0.000003796261,0.0007081141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7460361,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3668516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4281397358","doi":"10.1177/00483931221080999","title":"Jeremy Bentham’s Social Ontology: Fictionality, Factuality and Language Critique","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Reification (Marxism); Sociology; Ontology; Social constructionism; Ethnomethodology; Pragmatism; Ordinary language philosophy; Relevance (law); Philosophy; Western philosophy; Politics","authors":[{"name":"Bryan Green","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08927775559887599,"gpt":0.339362685883671,"spread":0.2500849302847949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005860058,0.0000799055,0.0001285015,0.00004055389,0.004685642,0.00005810512,0.0003694907,0.00002405905,0.0008943086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004130872,0.00006338966,0.00009522004,0.0000845004,0.00175892,0.0001857514,0.0002076216,0.0001600255,0.000001997178],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003887124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006507772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000748094,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000147175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988804,0.0002598144,0.0001717941,0.0001680582,0.0003732847,0.0001466349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996493,0.00008598359,0.0001503287,0.00006358064,0.00003396505,0.00001681806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006028422,0.00006677119,0.0003068097,0.00001588244,0.00001114558,1.118375e-7,0.1026978,9.536938e-7,0.00002898604,0.8944052,0.00212358,0.0003367068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001025267,0.00004436965,0.007648659,0.000003893793,0.00002009038,0.000001733407,0.01788067,0.000006926205,0.00004608449,0.9662241,0.007912613,0.0001082993],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6703908,0.0002219882,0.000001524335,0.1054424,0.001267697,0.0001609812,0.0002511631,0.00003506829,0.2222283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972063,0.000002514749,0.000009422073,0.001393973,0.001172409,0.00002432988,0.000005297425,0.000003604564,0.000182095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3268155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9966101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4251963311","doi":"10.1177/0048393111428793","title":"Bunge Nevertheless","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Political Economy and Marxism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Meritocracy; Egalitarianism; Politics; Democracy; Participatory democracy; Citizen journalism; Sociology; Socialism; Epistemology; Political philosophy; Political science; Social science; Aesthetics; Philosophy; Law","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06605458671813488,"gpt":0.3307162117442271,"spread":0.2646616250260921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000536695,0.00006203025,0.0001174245,0.00002597388,0.001732867,0.00006090088,0.0008435954,0.00006096117,0.0004445732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001820505,0.00004216188,0.0001259624,0.0003442141,0.003418731,0.0003593208,0.0001006764,0.00007662601,0.00008895579],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003621058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001606761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006027831,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001950154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988822,0.0001587797,0.0001428031,0.0001378541,0.0003470467,0.000331303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995839,0.0001207994,0.00009226522,0.0000814904,0.00005630366,0.00006522756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[5.156552e-7,0.00002436748,0.0008818136,0.00000299345,0.000003654847,3.064016e-8,0.002932123,4.36982e-7,0.00003102374,0.9934227,0.0008158415,0.001884504],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005758733,0.00001596247,0.00775524,0.00000795391,0.00000579085,8.744905e-8,0.001265084,0.000007594203,0.0001422599,0.975918,0.01473931,0.0000851576],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1926519,0.00003994854,0.000005271973,0.07624455,0.0004058131,0.0001892331,0.000003477502,0.00002658877,0.7304332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974776,0.00001011765,0.0000521732,0.001197951,0.000594688,0.00001196063,7.579197e-8,0.000002331376,0.0006531174],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8048257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2466757689","doi":"10.1177/0048393116654860","title":"Mead and the Trajectory of Anthropology in the United States","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Anthropology: Ethics, History, Culture","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Embarrassment; Aside; Government (linguistics); Anthropology; Sociology; Field (mathematics); Energy (signal processing); History; Law; Political science; Philosophy; Art; Literature; Psychology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"I. C. Jarvie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08654197018307805,"gpt":0.3801828082743678,"spread":0.2936408380912898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003859061,0.00009540781,0.000225428,0.00007016194,0.002164301,0.00001422963,0.001235815,0.0001366659,0.00008637795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000875529,0.00003624345,0.0001076753,0.0007888041,0.08143074,0.0001186218,0.00008725231,0.0001913589,0.000001684156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000514559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001990936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01415521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005665423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967753,0.001939057,0.0002435811,0.0001887253,0.0005884231,0.000264955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981615,0.001278392,0.0002927197,0.0001435542,0.0001032401,0.00002060212],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000314777,0.00004138018,0.003887091,0.000007751209,0.00001286837,2.792286e-7,0.2212003,0.0000018511,0.0001167312,0.7734104,0.0009158233,0.0003740904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008512216,0.0001094104,0.01053613,0.0000524834,0.00004450858,0.000001256997,0.1604229,0.000007299663,0.0001783721,0.8148885,0.01274731,0.0001605854],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4205528,0.001072464,0.00001920039,0.5419525,0.0007589879,0.0004114061,0.00001902151,0.0000185149,0.03519508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980868,0.0005232262,0.0000214651,0.001061304,0.0002197214,0.000007206081,2.309923e-7,0.000003254066,0.00007678127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.577534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4285728504","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096401","title":"Popper and Agassi at Odds","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy, Science, and History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Metaphysics; Odds; Critical rationalism; Epistemology; Individualism; Optimism; Perfectionism (psychology); Institutionalism; Karl popper; Methodological individualism; Philosophy; Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Political science; Politics; Law; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"I. C. Jarvie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07430619505446288,"gpt":0.2613163710479273,"spread":0.1870101759934644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004286603,0.00008085414,0.0001225301,0.00006806951,0.007709528,0.0000481434,0.0006179122,0.00001026671,0.0008118947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001419801,0.00005622655,0.000104406,0.0001289377,0.004267222,0.0001642931,0.000409293,0.0001001249,0.000007429007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007150538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005995401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002042095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001512091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988285,0.00008356581,0.0001334626,0.000203544,0.0005699135,0.000181055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996908,0.00003258635,0.0001247442,0.00009600072,0.00002598834,0.00002993789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006554136,0.00003551829,0.0003197002,0.000006670118,0.000005059341,3.176687e-7,0.03541623,0.000003557991,0.0001401907,0.9592922,0.0044824,0.000291605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000213273,0.0001691269,0.002404649,0.000007886906,0.00002626719,0.000003830181,0.004529386,0.00003698479,0.00005495526,0.6147944,0.3775157,0.0002435732],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3188382,0.0004682322,1.166159e-7,0.01870455,0.001281831,0.0000941604,0.00004773746,0.00002647949,0.6605387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952273,0.000005601931,0.000005111754,0.001078388,0.0007051186,0.000009833247,4.686625e-7,0.00000402932,0.002964096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6763892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2153606095","doi":"10.1177/0048393115571251","title":"Einstein’s Philosophy Politely Shelved","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Einstein; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Physics; Theoretical physics; Mathematical physics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08914872411777935,"gpt":0.327620300537809,"spread":0.2384715764200296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004735407,0.00009531432,0.000139942,0.00003995329,0.0004847214,0.00002798646,0.0004926992,0.00002898841,0.0000434963],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002617616,0.00006526636,0.0001790475,0.0003930799,0.000997891,0.0002123393,0.00009588691,0.0001022565,0.00003023395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001687554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001281257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.802644e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989416,0.0001272467,0.0001626169,0.0001557462,0.000444286,0.0001685321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995269,0.00007914614,0.000163863,0.0001033054,0.0000756121,0.00005121337],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000796942,0.00005240098,0.005812481,0.000003097299,0.00001709667,4.796823e-8,0.001177836,0.00003779996,0.0000596504,0.9921724,0.0002533165,0.0004059672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001897611,0.00003455698,0.004144621,0.00001385462,0.00001129773,1.175573e-7,0.0003078698,0.0000179926,0.0003174743,0.9942389,0.0006381179,0.00008539968],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2467797,0.00009882133,0.00007367167,0.01629704,0.0004525554,0.0001573148,0.00004794725,0.00001752773,0.7360755],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984989,2.700458e-7,0.0001453845,0.0001916946,0.0009334241,0.000005265177,0.000002046609,0.000004595288,0.0002184128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7517192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3728134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4394754256","doi":"10.1177/00483931241246069","title":"Phenomenology, Cultural Meaning, and the Curious Case of Suicide: Localizing the Structure-Culture Dialectic","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Positivism; Sociology; Dialectic; Epistemology; Phenomenology (philosophy); Negation; Meaning (existential); Interpretative phenomenological analysis; Qualitative research; Social science; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Jienian Zhang","is_ca":false},{"name":"Colter J. Uscola","is_ca":true},{"name":"Seth Abrutyn","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anna S. Mueller","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04644240928769564,"gpt":0.3533118385948806,"spread":0.306869429307185,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009793096,0.0001356173,0.0002252483,0.00002266762,0.00412824,0.0001927516,0.0007601892,0.0001094508,0.00002493714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000303527,0.00005366061,0.0002016387,0.001019123,0.01225537,0.000221334,0.0001672965,0.0002755653,0.000001018417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005340434,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000133454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00702292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005045901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982386,0.0005334626,0.0002372444,0.0002222195,0.0004811533,0.0002873527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999245,0.0003320076,0.000186075,0.00009549306,0.0001086175,0.00003283601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008400129,0.00000617927,0.0001717648,0.00001937259,0.00004204599,0.000002623238,0.1745476,0.000009020905,0.0001133336,0.8228706,0.0002250292,0.001984095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001964431,0.00003925586,0.0002375113,0.00004786904,0.0001378129,0.0000336064,0.0576401,0.0002537339,0.00005067128,0.9394341,0.001789931,0.0001389653],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8612756,0.008226279,0.000006262143,0.07586104,0.001713023,0.0007062693,0.00004989099,0.00007530815,0.05208634],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984278,0.0002220485,0.00001983998,0.0003282681,0.0008288919,0.000005087378,5.307309e-7,0.000004902826,0.000162596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1371523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1987803148","doi":"10.1177/0048393106293458","title":"On Reviewing <i>Machine Dreams</i>","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Economic Theory and Institutions","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy; Sociology","authors":[{"name":"Lawrence A. Boland","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06114933005518104,"gpt":0.2596452582306499,"spread":0.1984959281754688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006446689,0.00006674712,0.0001793648,0.00004987769,0.0007144238,0.00002272032,0.0004115893,0.00003016741,0.00008672442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006235435,0.00005340242,0.0001605995,0.000254081,0.0005844928,0.0001461021,0.00004556344,0.00007009872,0.0001060725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003153931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001320128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002121753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001289788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993446,0.00001888161,0.0003041029,0.0001741616,0.00003003705,0.0001281412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995593,0.00004058413,0.0002651861,0.0001167681,0.000007086076,0.0000110606],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001507093,0.00003254207,0.001958716,0.000005675863,0.000003330828,3.798924e-8,0.00007075629,0.0001063641,0.000008203009,0.9971762,0.0005449615,0.0000917507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008002618,0.000019439,0.002578668,0.00001625278,0.000002341424,3.230751e-7,0.000007202289,0.00004649245,0.0001104746,0.9885889,0.008477681,0.00007220712],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1188755,0.001200906,0.00005814255,0.007622665,0.000571507,0.0001005434,0.00008038923,0.00001509173,0.8714753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998787,0.00002736355,0.00005304607,0.0006118938,0.0002820558,0.000003472886,8.872134e-7,0.000003031986,0.0002312455],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8799115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5494843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2770668376","doi":"10.1177/0048393117742337","title":"Beyond the Self-Legislation Model of Democracy: James Bohman’s Approach to Democratic Theory","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Deliberation; Deliberative democracy; Sociology; Epistemology; Politics; Reflexivity; Representative democracy; Law and economics; Political science; Law; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Mark E. Warren","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1025560630796008,"gpt":0.3576996641645425,"spread":0.2551436010849417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004156345,0.0001428366,0.0002562723,0.00005261653,0.009121947,0.0001410315,0.002903719,0.0001499568,0.000006729877],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001366272,0.00008591483,0.0002445034,0.0003322325,0.006937611,0.00049155,0.0003475049,0.0002613306,0.000004956727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005723334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005220476,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005313747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006710135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972099,0.0005835827,0.000329886,0.0002774888,0.001171319,0.0004278032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983294,0.0004844709,0.0004579319,0.00045526,0.0001757665,0.00009719087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000926541,0.00008101174,0.0003330383,0.0000157324,0.00001963457,3.131115e-8,0.02486103,0.0002429769,0.00005937957,0.9737734,0.0002694364,0.0003350198],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008024505,0.00002550165,0.00167433,0.0000172335,0.00005282675,1.222783e-7,0.00141673,0.001271733,0.0001427285,0.9951174,0.00008437866,0.0001167772],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04325368,0.00005985688,0.0003567328,0.1519689,0.0003846917,0.0004805527,0.00002421175,0.00003537899,0.803436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965261,0.00001747388,0.00102633,0.001431142,0.0007398863,0.00001395161,2.998938e-7,0.00000723189,0.0002376068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9532724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2904530011","doi":"10.1177/0048393118810820","title":"Institutions as a Philosophical Problem: A Critical Rationalist Perspective on Guala’s “Understanding Institutions” and His Critics","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Critical rationalism; Epistemology; Perspective (graphical); Institution; Rationalism; Relation (database); Critical philosophy; Sociology; Philosophy of science; Social institution; Critical theory; Philosophy; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true},{"name":"I. C. Jarvie","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2973331015280518,"gpt":0.4699058722947969,"spread":0.1725727707667451,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005710772,0.0001320436,0.0001841894,0.00009312763,0.008337139,0.0001322472,0.0004259439,0.00009131852,0.00005138927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000844283,0.0001089002,0.0001067098,0.0004962108,0.02484677,0.0004277873,0.000188977,0.0001585302,0.00001289734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007817762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007216717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002081397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001069629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984086,0.0001760054,0.0002347719,0.0003386247,0.000544705,0.0002972519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999311,0.0002015696,0.00009522806,0.00009277616,0.0002170099,0.00008241223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001172748,0.000113885,0.0005274442,0.000004019662,0.00001049675,4.718275e-7,0.02005664,0.000001226989,0.0001071383,0.9790039,0.0001507445,0.00001228104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001465911,0.0001961824,0.0003018303,0.00004547654,0.00002910258,0.000001721899,0.01962726,0.000005951098,0.0001497618,0.9786062,0.0007440319,0.0001458813],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0716689,0.000136026,0.00003707381,0.286865,0.0005862901,0.0003639863,0.00005176969,0.00004480155,0.6402462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976111,0.00002808281,0.0003383388,0.001063883,0.0008915378,0.00002471343,5.084564e-7,0.000004783903,0.0000370332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9259422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9929539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2144496163","doi":"10.1177/0048393109352859","title":"“The Superorganic,” or Kroeber’s Hidden Agenda","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Emile Durkheim and Sociology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Holism; Epistemology; Sociology; Transcendental number; Evolutionism; Creed; Trilogy; Essentialism; Statement (logic); Immutability; Cultural system; Globalization; Philosophy; Anthropology; Social science; History; Political science","authors":[{"name":"Michel Verdon","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.105086051465614,"gpt":0.3793025103582235,"spread":0.2742164588926095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001878913,0.0001112735,0.0001872308,0.00002755061,0.007280609,0.00008585263,0.001779409,0.0001322969,0.0001147312],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006813967,0.00005811504,0.0001977547,0.0007750837,0.005158725,0.0001795847,0.00009190042,0.0001731116,0.00002188975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007013005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004695845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006445804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001054471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977937,0.0005272694,0.0002516167,0.0002318485,0.0007096725,0.0004858986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991229,0.0003848499,0.000177341,0.0001692511,0.00009181273,0.00005387981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001861818,0.00004615057,0.001351777,0.000002522119,0.00001481968,8.823399e-7,0.03731977,5.363923e-7,0.0002527908,0.947031,0.007711736,0.006249375],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002192889,0.0001763882,0.01566699,0.00001586388,0.00003039637,0.000001124371,0.01438558,0.000003690034,0.0002952619,0.9212666,0.04771323,0.0002255524],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3898916,0.0005735328,0.000002443529,0.2851296,0.001580223,0.0003772511,0.00001044177,0.0000839982,0.3223509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951807,0.0002353471,0.00004493073,0.001821923,0.001215732,0.000004094365,2.55029e-7,0.000004051746,0.001492933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6052891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9975486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2034894669","doi":"10.1177/0048393114550807","title":"Experts within Democracy","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Rationality; Enthusiasm; GRASP; Sociology; Epistemology; Social science; Positive economics; Political science; Law; Philosophy; Economics; Politics; Computer science; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1297246796203054,"gpt":0.3181099485397181,"spread":0.1883852689194127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006841354,0.00007666852,0.0001459514,0.00002489996,0.001691175,0.0000503557,0.0004932825,0.00003478331,0.00006320685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000118477,0.00004639645,0.0001335342,0.00005766469,0.003841779,0.0001426392,0.00006610947,0.00009042329,0.00001079195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007305292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003865911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001757237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001676581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991099,0.0001506386,0.0001646641,0.0001399175,0.0002894437,0.0001454248],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995102,0.0001162264,0.0001798106,0.0001071954,0.00006727674,0.00001924706],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001745301,0.00002109684,0.0002077897,0.00001059053,0.000006367864,3.178144e-8,0.04739552,0.000002181087,0.00006843113,0.9514009,0.0006147459,0.0002706324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000066774,0.00004487773,0.0002682157,0.00001487421,0.00001292685,2.17618e-7,0.002051669,0.00002669564,0.0003623659,0.9846122,0.01245837,0.00008083669],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2600937,0.0001001238,0.00001317151,0.03955686,0.00265944,0.0001155566,0.000006582729,0.00004071811,0.6974139],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956832,0.000002433618,0.00005313223,0.001387851,0.00192265,0.000002541063,2.475235e-7,0.000004193901,0.0009437579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7355895,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1988272152","doi":"10.1177/0048393109334584","title":"The Advantage of Theft over Honest Toil","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematical proof; Doctrine; Epistemology; Value (mathematics); Philosophy; Reading (process); Notation; Computer science; Mathematics; Linguistics; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05055420441763033,"gpt":0.2940570747563595,"spread":0.2435028703387292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002623639,0.00008142059,0.0001194919,0.00002230051,0.001989159,0.00005609821,0.000738599,0.00002160874,0.00006351398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002370898,0.0000414497,0.0001600643,0.0001318513,0.002628204,0.0001373661,0.00004851857,0.00007402895,0.000006583357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007044176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003575535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003727755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003346166,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991509,0.0000457113,0.000206224,0.0001203504,0.0003303162,0.0001465233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994408,0.00009440947,0.0002227717,0.0001688233,0.00005688505,0.00001627091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005395051,0.00004410165,0.00004908247,0.000003540785,0.000006296536,3.940632e-8,0.007430411,0.000001468647,0.0003157473,0.9904512,0.0004983988,0.001194384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008824645,0.00007153176,0.002249688,0.00001576668,0.00001594945,2.668483e-7,0.001169762,0.000006448862,0.000643249,0.9738915,0.0217706,0.00007697481],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1938535,0.0002979212,0.000001195541,0.06800163,0.0003813641,0.000215356,0.00005101965,0.00002413475,0.7371739],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981805,0.00001820519,0.00001041673,0.0004527979,0.0008901103,0.000004013675,3.646028e-7,0.000002899987,0.0004406552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8043271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3101802699","doi":"10.1177/0048393120967890","title":"Popper and Kuhn: A Different Retrospect","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Humanity; Normal science; Enlightenment; Karl popper; sort; Philosophy; Philosophy of science; Value (mathematics); Sociology; Mathematics; Theology","authors":[{"name":"Jagdish Hattiangadi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1252862319235103,"gpt":0.2618965333639912,"spread":0.1366103014404808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001287465,0.00008882485,0.0001471671,0.00002378082,0.001928282,0.00007460983,0.0005010424,0.00001852293,0.0002166463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000356311,0.00005342725,0.00009773877,0.00009066084,0.004431481,0.0002028702,0.0001216921,0.00009012036,0.000007467869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001245294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002171517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004433951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002878919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991174,0.00003482591,0.0001301924,0.0002044782,0.0003684723,0.0001445989],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997367,0.00002284522,0.0001043151,0.00006010097,0.00002770015,0.00004831432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007027811,0.00001912472,0.0005737158,0.00001556067,0.00000486919,1.835527e-7,0.03479597,3.965927e-7,0.0003865364,0.9628077,0.001200435,0.0001884405],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002895283,0.0004325699,0.0088907,0.00003925791,0.00003722733,9.805331e-7,0.002568972,0.00008953714,0.0003928739,0.9578581,0.02908892,0.0003113006],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4757917,0.0003779553,0.00000114558,0.1333106,0.0005247995,0.0001233665,0.00002606012,0.00004451163,0.3897999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967412,0.000009744382,0.00001068043,0.002035457,0.001071104,0.000001965127,1.330054e-7,0.000002986222,0.000126689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5209495,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2041511474","doi":"10.1177/0048393112454335","title":"One’s a Crowd? On Greenwood’s Delimitation of the Social","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University; Université du Québec à Montréal","keywords":"Epistemology; Sociology; Social ontology; Ontology; Social psychology; Social science; Psychology; Philosophy","authors":[{"name":"Marc Champagne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2685581418568099,"gpt":0.4055860182559594,"spread":0.1370278763991495,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003684069,0.00009146513,0.0001828623,0.00002749381,0.00369942,0.0000267534,0.0009999111,0.0001305813,0.00008303903],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001248666,0.0000562294,0.000298028,0.0007258221,0.004070857,0.0004464306,0.0001281785,0.0002151122,0.000009250939],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004732345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001576716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004499647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006330352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967658,0.001693378,0.0002476092,0.0001456082,0.0008493697,0.0002982375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984287,0.0008361147,0.0004907938,0.0001087756,0.00009462868,0.00004098695],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003720518,0.000144326,0.005500796,0.000007087405,0.00001747151,2.017246e-8,0.04292402,0.000001766216,0.0001907555,0.9483541,0.0002857947,0.00253665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002045538,0.00011052,0.1257982,0.0000355234,0.00005890882,1.293621e-7,0.0119324,0.000002038169,0.0005801992,0.8528435,0.008250927,0.0001830894],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5436544,0.0001800913,0.000005244552,0.07546257,0.001006258,0.0003076156,0.00001231674,0.00002275922,0.3793487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975273,0.00001377354,0.00003187075,0.0009915902,0.001219721,0.000006408124,2.517224e-7,0.000003534814,0.0002055546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4538729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2017448876","doi":"10.1177/0048393103257195","title":"Irrationalism with a Human Face","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Face (sociological concept); Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy; Social science","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1603037265753106,"gpt":0.4400820156584492,"spread":0.2797782890831386,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001766419,0.00006535208,0.00008677252,0.00001626262,0.0005961455,0.00001500587,0.0002724486,0.00003149514,0.0004168352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007688698,0.00003276495,0.00005606655,0.0002623597,0.0006764846,0.00004760878,0.00001474793,0.00005109558,0.00001384217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001025576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000163158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002706128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002497767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992365,0.0001216894,0.00009220494,0.0001673607,0.0002472799,0.0001350065],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997554,0.00002358848,0.00009573174,0.00009058093,0.00001741883,0.00001727974],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004113256,0.0001977553,0.01880857,9.10376e-7,0.00003055837,6.258301e-7,0.0009223932,0.000001517198,0.0001499754,0.9792446,0.0005210067,0.0001179831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006580119,0.0002878084,0.3353094,0.00001165837,0.00002115776,0.000003427447,0.0007694727,2.841372e-7,0.0001479441,0.6601468,0.002517213,0.0001267686],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4267437,0.00003323953,0.00001386136,0.003377086,0.0001832064,0.00009484154,0.000005045157,0.000009043866,0.56954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985913,4.151571e-7,0.0001253311,0.0003983985,0.00006514506,0.00001198029,3.712131e-7,0.00000238962,0.0008046441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5718476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4585129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2094546540","doi":"10.1177/0048393110370140","title":"The Manhattan Project and Its Long Shadow","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Manhattan project; Ideology; Shadow (psychology); Reading (process); Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy of science; History of science; Social science; Aesthetics; Philosophy; Psychoanalysis; Politics; Psychology; Political science; Law; Linguistics","authors":[{"name":"Joseph Agassi","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2115103338962021,"gpt":0.2923278322267995,"spread":0.08081749833059737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005530806,0.00009089427,0.0001018174,0.0000396064,0.005098779,0.00009715869,0.000875946,0.00002150403,0.00007121394],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000349904,0.00004687873,0.00008595736,0.0001148289,0.005764795,0.0003517423,0.0001322118,0.00009087631,0.000009111048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001313339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005926756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002313997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004074014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990385,0.00005991477,0.0001490052,0.0001841602,0.0003640251,0.0002044483],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996243,0.00004803637,0.0001513824,0.00009652305,0.0000571095,0.0000226653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006554744,0.00001945544,0.0001452946,0.000008684058,0.000005372558,2.323531e-7,0.03796384,4.328922e-8,0.00002219598,0.9610279,0.0002687324,0.0005316555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001113309,0.0002029409,0.005581732,0.00003615222,0.00002506498,0.000002245298,0.003409403,0.00002457507,0.0002266974,0.9766249,0.01356326,0.0001916695],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1242832,0.0009508639,3.45944e-7,0.007761469,0.0008912582,0.0002268744,0.00001227979,0.0000283384,0.8658454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983967,0.00002425219,0.000009374018,0.0002364915,0.0005266296,0.000007174071,7.073999e-8,0.000003304616,0.0007960085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8741135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}