{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"76aeaa197361","filters":{"venue":"Photochem"}},"results":[{"id":"W4387461827","doi":"10.3390/photochem3040024","title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Magnetic Opal/Fe3O4 Colloidal Crystals under Visible Light Irradiation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Methylene blue; Materials science; Visible spectrum; Adsorption; Chemical engineering; Degradation (telecommunications); Irradiation; Nanoparticle; Colloidal crystal; Band gap; Colloid; Magnetite; Crystal (programming language); Photochemistry; Catalysis; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Optoelectronics; Organic chemistry; Metallurgy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01462475340405357,"gpt":0.2444325588088874,"spread":0.2298078054048338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000518112,0.0003304739,0.0005112359,0.0003682874,0.000131451,0.00007949892,0.000374499,0.0002149956,0.001060861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008445232,0.0003345205,0.0002370623,0.001656068,0.00005617984,0.0002336855,0.00009837977,0.0001730119,0.000686973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001348176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008761847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001663959,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002090828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997532,0.0001132715,0.0007185239,0.0005585251,0.0005816548,0.0004960456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984992,0.0001754037,0.0002967284,0.0007084525,0.0001439797,0.0001762533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005077574,0.0001418606,0.00006104492,0.00008200842,0.00008993724,0.000003582514,0.000444684,0.001381725,0.9878631,0.0006938889,0.008172298,0.001015136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009324739,0.0001277059,0.0004022456,0.00003260176,0.0001163949,0.000003457002,0.0004055019,0.004197761,0.9575312,0.0006440443,0.03524383,0.0003628576],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816986,0.0005648851,0.0003937537,0.0002439965,0.0002841928,0.00152658,0.0001165837,0.0003326033,0.01483881],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862345,0.0001792543,0.000229967,0.0001375476,0.00007508205,0.0004258849,0.0009188658,0.00007443958,0.01172449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03033193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4323032203","doi":"10.3390/photochem3010010","title":"Insights into the Machine Learning Predictions of the Optical Response of Plasmon@Semiconductor Core-Shell Nanocylinders","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Plasmon; Nanomaterials; Materials science; Nanorod; Convolutional neural network; Semiconductor; Nanotechnology; Nanophotonics; Optoelectronics; Optics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03049330624590568,"gpt":0.2562812564569479,"spread":0.2257879502110423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003508879,0.00007992958,0.0001295546,0.00003358676,0.0002325737,0.00001489118,0.0003329985,0.00004176986,0.000101864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00030797,0.00004370831,0.00008185438,0.0003734532,0.0002767475,0.00004001335,0.0001214744,0.0001005744,0.00005057274],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001571818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000583131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000840461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001943523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991318,0.00009707288,0.0002594333,0.0001580277,0.0002168881,0.0001367679],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989368,0.0005180154,0.000115618,0.000335098,0.00005382733,0.00004061575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007301084,0.00004339608,0.0005395462,0.000008512052,0.000006337948,2.265681e-7,0.001798656,0.0003480965,0.9957795,0.001153934,0.0002106542,0.00003815551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001465955,0.00003329861,0.003413541,0.00002416446,0.00001985677,9.44691e-7,0.0006615911,0.003422132,0.9904773,0.0004858106,0.001264433,0.00005037508],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987257,0.00005310896,0.000009133775,0.0004729447,0.00009658859,0.0002697948,0.00001341655,0.00004689356,0.0003124704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995069,0.00001877952,0.00007607204,0.00003242132,0.00001811253,0.00007833333,0.000002416528,0.000007674328,0.0002592816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005302217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1788792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283806013","doi":"10.3390/photochem2030035","title":"Pharmaceutical Micropollutant Treatment with UV–LED/TiO2 Photocatalysis under Various Lighting and Matrix Conditions","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Reaction rate constant; Titanium dioxide; Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products; Degradation (telecommunications); Membrane; Catalysis; Photodegradation; Reaction rate; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Water treatment; Solvent; Materials science; Kinetics; Environmental engineering; Wastewater; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Environmental science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01613941358659787,"gpt":0.311655148839894,"spread":0.2955157352532961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001506971,0.0004106326,0.0004708563,0.0002226674,0.0007900439,0.00006315364,0.0002546867,0.0000687794,0.001804925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001017974,0.0003637578,0.0001509746,0.0006187917,0.0002067411,0.0001381854,0.0002389929,0.0003124159,0.00003457985],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006597283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009497572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009965788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002422703,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978878,0.0001108564,0.0003970022,0.0007118999,0.0003773865,0.0005150237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988178,0.0001339623,0.0001824369,0.0006016442,0.00005318196,0.0002109896],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000525247,0.001075412,0.0003726631,0.00004408379,0.001064283,0.0002638058,0.001893794,0.003538161,0.980937,0.006111581,0.0004170486,0.003756933],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001824145,0.0005289445,0.00004271688,0.00001645154,0.0005306359,0.0004217566,0.001100851,0.002467347,0.9236262,0.002757288,0.06607847,0.0006051341],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9625482,0.00184361,0.005032397,0.0008998903,0.0001437773,0.004522619,0.0006264004,0.001667026,0.02271606],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9897443,0.00007524698,0.004312965,0.0003760262,0.00005276184,0.003475314,0.0002654165,0.00008213802,0.001615823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06566142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4402484341","doi":"10.3390/photochem4030024","title":"Cyanobacterial Pigments as Natural Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","field":"Energy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Partenariat Canadien Contre Le Cancer; Universidad de la República Uruguay; University of Warwick; Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación; Université Laval","keywords":"Dye-sensitized solar cell; Pigment; Xanthophyll; Dielectric spectroscopy; Brown seaweed; Cyanobacteria; Carotenoid; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Titanium oxide; Photochemistry; Electrochemistry; Algae; Botany; Electrode; Food science; Organic chemistry; Biology; Bacteria","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009108491752148824,"gpt":0.2494609489183274,"spread":0.2403524571661786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003240989,0.0004250144,0.0005029031,0.0001824875,0.0001821548,0.0003637109,0.0002603944,0.0002133843,0.0008131329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005352509,0.0003963561,0.000572339,0.0003193496,0.00006267565,0.0002114298,0.00009391471,0.0002873771,0.001426553],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000156076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001182609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006934303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008570524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976359,0.00007055497,0.0004825801,0.0007673193,0.0003769237,0.0006667466],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988512,0.0002118301,0.00008640142,0.0005393068,0.0001090304,0.0002021827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003473907,0.00006237141,0.000001376417,0.0001142752,0.0002875605,0.00009084215,0.0005151699,0.0000254292,0.9926305,0.0006743274,0.003333258,0.001917514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001042032,0.00006998258,0.000005505478,0.00006185913,0.0001323294,0.00002521557,0.0001179846,0.003789133,0.8098623,0.0006538051,0.1838327,0.0004071218],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723792,0.0002325366,0.000197504,0.0001350893,0.004465959,0.00178162,0.0001357547,0.000579631,0.0200927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991347,0.00004421169,0.0007432109,0.0005606621,0.0007894789,0.0003100596,0.0003848989,0.0001095968,0.005710877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1827682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998488,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210339317","doi":"10.3390/photochem2010008","title":"UV Photolysis Study of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using Parahydrogen Matrix Isolated Spectroscopy","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Photochemistry; Chemistry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Matrix isolation; Radical; Spectroscopy; Irradiation; Adduct; Infrared spectroscopy; Spin isomers of hydrogen; Absorption spectroscopy; Photodissociation; Photodegradation; Hydrogen; Organic chemistry; Photocatalysis; Catalysis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01971987542045747,"gpt":0.2727292096109555,"spread":0.2530093341904981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004412781,0.000243573,0.0003955196,0.0001415686,0.0001047806,0.0000101013,0.0004141765,0.00007049777,0.000236189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002536263,0.0002726117,0.00009393213,0.0007342873,0.00004039816,0.00006685935,0.0002042473,0.0003826852,0.00000658271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002764029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000509322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004672072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003675852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986148,0.00002183713,0.0003765702,0.0003019474,0.0003066758,0.0003781266],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992613,0.00003608874,0.00009676827,0.0005323059,0.00002320963,0.00005029717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003424102,0.0001787789,0.0006719353,0.00002582943,0.000119428,0.00002121567,0.0002871766,0.03454822,0.9639823,0.00000403188,0.00004651078,0.0000803788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005290224,0.0001706426,0.00003639817,0.000005028112,0.00006720138,0.00001690231,0.001336574,0.04087989,0.9563708,0.0002299975,0.00009955798,0.0002579717],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970599,0.0004859924,0.0006962751,0.000004477452,0.00006855072,0.0006651518,0.00002966315,0.000828889,0.0001611198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972276,0.00001372936,0.002462365,0.000006375898,0.00001602238,0.0001968452,0.000007707169,0.00005353575,0.00001580991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007611443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999726,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4390705622","doi":"10.3390/photochem4010002","title":"Survey of T1 and T2 Energies of Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophores","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Photochem","topic":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; China Scholarship Council; York University","keywords":"Singlet fission; Intramolecular force; Chromophore; Singlet state; Fission; Photochemistry; Chemistry; Chemical physics; Physics; Atomic physics; Nuclear physics; Excited state; Stereochemistry; Neutron","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01159228206831055,"gpt":0.263172911580498,"spread":0.2515806295121875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004582819,0.00009698758,0.0001888463,0.00002052636,0.00001880041,0.000008422944,0.00006147379,0.00001702889,0.00003160701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001349658,0.00008378248,0.00004326582,0.0001238343,0.0001179786,0.00004082547,0.00008963145,0.00006563892,0.000001045791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006443538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001751436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002328344,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001214602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994959,0.00001291277,0.0001492546,0.0001523634,0.00008987095,0.00009970038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996321,0.0001228944,0.00004593106,0.0001175532,0.00005535337,0.0000262346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000116786,0.00005454095,0.002637232,0.0001243751,0.00009692471,6.847337e-7,0.0002733585,0.00004463037,0.9904169,0.002020549,0.0005042081,0.00381495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008981792,0.00002420651,0.001075627,0.00009338949,0.0000154244,9.342422e-8,0.00005870562,0.0001637748,0.9790944,0.01906497,0.0002376799,0.00008193083],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949123,0.001353746,0.000748795,0.00001448036,0.00003611796,0.00008721375,0.00008342483,0.00001501222,0.002748859],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995638,0.00001540805,0.0002892512,0.000003584707,0.00003820277,0.00001250212,0.0000314365,0.00001068989,0.00003516734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01704443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.341655,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}