{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":4,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":4,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"58d990bc8b20","filters":{"venue":"Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy"}},"results":[{"id":"W1989919661","doi":"10.5195/tlp.2008.42","title":"Mineshafts on Treasure Island: A Relief Map of the eBay Fraud Landscape","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy","topic":"Law, logistics, and international trade","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Treasure; Liberian dollar; Web site; The Internet; Advertising; Business; Commerce; Internet privacy; Art; History; World Wide Web; Computer science; Finance; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Mary M. Calkins","is_ca":false},{"name":"Alexei N. Nikitkov","is_ca":true},{"name":"Vernon J. Richardson","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01485650354142448,"gpt":0.2306370626596862,"spread":0.2157805591182617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001585093,0.0001332505,0.0002679288,0.0004011842,0.0001508548,0.00002316946,0.0003918026,0.000155579,0.00004515515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002144645,0.0000835219,0.0001208624,0.0002394188,0.0004885145,0.0001805352,0.00009335357,0.0002728453,0.000008369641],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001423629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003818644,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001985953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004087912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991168,0.00000845126,0.0003621395,0.0001095307,0.0002258323,0.0001772462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990876,0.00004330744,0.0004687471,0.0001844279,0.0002022335,0.00001372187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001017693,0.0001775286,0.04664652,0.00005307162,0.00009562222,0.00004422083,0.00005898136,0.0000229047,0.0003714856,0.9119921,0.03962692,0.0008089068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001887713,0.0001987698,0.03073963,0.0002275637,0.0001019568,0.0005005398,0.00009426974,0.00005694906,0.0007328219,0.2824244,0.6827927,0.0002426677],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.863095,0.001355818,0.0001973163,0.07520363,0.001045935,0.0001805797,0.00001199766,0.00007307302,0.05883664],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946398,0.0001716065,0.00004266647,0.003276729,0.001441132,0.000001567329,9.016755e-7,0.00001185699,0.0004137306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6431658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3405924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1977097169","doi":"10.5195/tlp.2011.57","title":"ESRB Warning: Use of Virtual Worlds by Children May Result in Addiction and Blurring of Borders – The Advisable Regulations in Light of Foreseeable Damages","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy","topic":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Metaverse; Damages; Harm; Realm; Internet privacy; The Internet; Public relations; Psychology; Business; Law and economics; Computer science; Virtual reality; Law; Social psychology; Political science; Sociology; World Wide Web; Human–computer interaction","authors":[{"name":"Nachshon Goltz","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02526580824508453,"gpt":0.3168070567277369,"spread":0.2915412484826524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004921673,0.0001458359,0.0004586593,0.001247615,0.00005623271,0.000005175718,0.0002932936,0.0004012104,0.00002799547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001778784,0.000117149,0.00005059332,0.0007848857,0.0009387404,0.0001745759,0.00009817292,0.0005174196,1.591815e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002358219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003789353,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005095314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005215017,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985065,0.000105573,0.0008230313,0.0001788981,0.0001141316,0.0002718183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986608,0.0001266733,0.0006837095,0.0003628495,0.0001269237,0.00003904568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000270048,0.0004641326,0.6698782,0.00001029478,0.0001442124,0.000007609075,0.004212614,0.00001317032,0.005724791,0.3061935,0.0007291234,0.0123523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006109232,0.002718246,0.8652506,0.000389292,0.0002499493,0.0004735893,0.005709333,0.00003003359,0.03801706,0.05003925,0.03057785,0.0004355779],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957679,0.001206861,0.00006024318,0.001385273,0.00007881084,0.0001626579,0.00001383032,0.00002214732,0.001302261],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991124,0.0003485323,0.0002005825,0.00004031317,0.00002576504,0.000007998081,0.000001964156,0.00001473029,0.0002477684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2561542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7702624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1996833521","doi":"10.5195/tlp.2014.149","title":"An Era of Rapid Change: The Abdication of Cash &amp; the FTC's Unfairness Authority","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Abdication; Cash; Business; Political science; Law; Finance","authors":[{"name":"Elie Freedman","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02238317622749452,"gpt":0.2896598981858559,"spread":0.2672767219583614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008030587,0.00009626075,0.0002247761,0.0002465698,0.0001677401,0.00004665976,0.0004195731,0.0001149065,0.00003131766],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002220347,0.00005399466,0.00006091631,0.0004706543,0.0004335544,0.0004321013,0.00007324418,0.0002999166,0.000002422863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000007321737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001860185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002324692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001557152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992439,0.00003367017,0.0003516369,0.00008199587,0.0001575953,0.0001311855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998472,0.00005120388,0.000902814,0.0002818945,0.0002801206,0.00001198969],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002498846,0.00005910945,0.006584251,0.00004163182,0.00002746403,4.371999e-7,0.0003265556,0.000003287324,0.001059267,0.9339656,0.0004042895,0.05750309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005130627,0.00008689633,0.04373106,0.00008074135,0.0000987587,0.00003430358,0.0004934748,0.00009835338,0.001059438,0.1271376,0.8265479,0.00011837],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9172312,0.001256555,0.001116133,0.07555573,0.000252592,0.0001993964,0.000001644587,0.00004974435,0.004336997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997193,0.0001536882,0.00007191484,0.001500764,0.001051865,0.000004004105,0.000001040563,0.000007773645,0.00001589819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8261436,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3514255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1964968240","doi":"10.5195/tlp.2003.6","title":"Legislating Limits on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy","topic":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Enthusiasm; Embryonic stem cell; Stem cell; Medical treatment; Medical research; Medicine; Political science; Biology; Intensive care medicine; Psychology; Pathology; Cell biology; Social psychology","authors":[{"name":"Sina Ali Muscati","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08865266336108552,"gpt":0.4089120942590855,"spread":0.320259430898,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001250574,0.0001017773,0.0002771805,0.0008179843,0.0002712173,0.00001838554,0.0001088306,0.0004623186,0.00001401343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008607339,0.00007254924,0.00006939739,0.0005449243,0.001051457,0.00004577509,0.00003007074,0.00140132,0.000003375562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007040914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002382258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002379024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003470547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987397,0.00008722064,0.0003360119,0.0001371488,0.0003873162,0.0003125832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990841,0.0001021631,0.0001799165,0.000194996,0.0002676544,0.0001711553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003216524,0.0001287125,0.0005343517,0.00005697718,0.00003474674,0.00006842987,0.0001531697,0.000001059187,0.03185294,0.9486229,0.0005478962,0.01796659],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004042255,0.004827065,0.002853932,0.0008200741,0.00008942465,0.00205704,0.0007881409,0.00001466307,0.0619957,0.5070315,0.415234,0.0002461986],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8794134,0.00266231,0.00008451855,0.07491264,0.0001407056,0.0001627095,5.811971e-7,0.00003846144,0.04258473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975316,0.0004081514,0.0001904296,0.0007666339,0.0002742172,0.000001508687,2.832033e-7,0.0000139024,0.0008132975],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4415914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6088118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}