{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":35,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":35,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"02a9457ff12d","filters":{"venue":"Political Behavior"}},"results":[{"id":"W2015955613","doi":"10.1023/b:pobe.0000035960.73204.64","title":"Race and the City: Neighborhood Context and the Development of Generalized Trust","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":396,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Solidarity; Race (biology); Affect (linguistics); Consciousness; Social psychology; Context (archaeology); Diversity (politics); Racial diversity; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Gender studies; Politics; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03102876423848337,"gpt":0.3136544429989186,"spread":0.2826256787604352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006115465,0.00007449571,0.0001977103,0.000009870373,0.0005042001,0.00004972241,0.0001152865,0.00007203127,0.00005617244],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001762613,0.00003973048,0.00004904805,0.000075039,0.00245148,0.00004322917,0.00006422185,0.000106765,0.000002987396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000412972,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001284188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002340238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008708126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990307,0.0001615041,0.0001868366,0.0001088464,0.0002182601,0.0002938618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993758,0.000332644,0.00003864473,0.00007345262,0.00004558488,0.0001339289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006035018,0.00002874197,0.004916259,0.000001577995,0.000007819681,6.07136e-7,0.02544665,1.589483e-8,0.000004972143,0.9643692,0.000007199063,0.005156554],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02773689,0.00008906005,0.3389535,0.00006190062,0.0006029422,0.000009744124,0.1051448,0.00001404367,0.001140985,0.5176537,0.007973373,0.0006190952],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823055,0.0006778819,0.00005172566,0.01000386,0.0001030631,0.0003649857,0.000003383684,0.00001563755,0.006473921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987274,0.00004668753,0.000123705,0.0006358218,0.0001437604,0.0000627046,7.744868e-7,0.00000465774,0.0002545021],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4467156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.903258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2800278158","doi":"10.1007/s11109-018-9459-3","title":"Civic Duty and Voter Turnout","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Turnout; Duty; Preference; Voter turnout; Political science; Social psychology; Empirical evidence; Psychology; Demographic economics; Economics; Microeconomics; Voting; Law; Politics; Epistemology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05618479264174183,"gpt":0.399708386949948,"spread":0.3435235943082062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00022249,0.00007361056,0.0001088434,0.00002733273,0.0002919419,0.00007302732,0.00007017638,0.0001005719,0.0006574512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001997828,0.00006377766,0.00003188188,0.00008214889,0.0006930195,0.000102951,0.00002430105,0.00008210537,0.0003506385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007202736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005585591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0129953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003557026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986891,0.0001266552,0.0001542423,0.0001588134,0.0002131097,0.0006580479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991825,0.00009334398,0.00001698651,0.0001067021,0.00009450838,0.0005059603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003257508,0.00003967727,0.1687525,0.000003453286,0.000001690469,0.000002335161,0.0005111927,7.587237e-10,0.0002436658,0.8295352,0.0001826062,0.0007243935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002585167,0.0003001882,0.9240592,0.00002413954,0.00008225389,0.000004883177,0.0003228906,0.00001010071,0.001241057,0.03625052,0.03715177,0.000294474],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9622219,0.0000128276,0.00003625621,0.004544902,0.0002568617,0.0001642425,0.000007731268,0.00006513263,0.03269011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967511,3.791462e-7,0.00005511817,0.0005617625,0.001118925,0.00003056486,0.000001520742,0.000007561718,0.00147306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7932848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W17556732","doi":"10.1023/a:1022952311518","title":"Issue Importance and Performance Voting","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":159,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Government (linguistics); Political science; Public relations; Positive economics; Economics; Politics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05081972366195719,"gpt":0.3704982053724613,"spread":0.3196784817105041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003356858,0.00006976136,0.0001037157,0.0000192569,0.000291013,0.00004850789,0.00004814507,0.00007278962,0.0004293882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003425018,0.0000656545,0.00002237227,0.00008901332,0.0002124451,0.0001275935,0.00000779607,0.00009100787,0.000112602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007346739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005855403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001810203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003902501,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987571,0.0001196419,0.0001722722,0.0001420219,0.000186338,0.0006226084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993857,0.0000864799,0.00002329732,0.00007276644,0.00004906963,0.0003826751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[4.79298e-7,0.00001487713,0.4765344,0.000004563083,5.144163e-7,9.906713e-7,0.00009371436,1.202674e-8,0.00003062267,0.5230203,0.00002662927,0.000272869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002172609,0.0001099309,0.9474303,0.00002543601,0.00005041891,0.000006764546,0.0004823895,0.00002273515,0.001317062,0.003379839,0.04665749,0.000300338],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9597036,0.00003909412,0.00001363341,0.0008442189,0.0001605743,0.0001479473,0.000002140169,0.00004573405,0.03904309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977373,0.00000141016,0.0001123675,0.0002596541,0.0002058177,0.00003678298,8.97372e-7,0.000007112127,0.001638698],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5196405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.47015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4210598865","doi":"10.1007/s11109-022-09770-w","title":"Rural Identity as a Contributing Factor to Anti-Intellectualism in the U.S.","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Toronto; University of Minnesota","keywords":"Intellectualism; Identity (music); Misinformation; Politics; Identification (biology); Social identity theory; Political efficacy; Sociology; Rural area; Political science; Social psychology; Psychology; Social science; Social group; Law; Aesthetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.4102816846136011,"gpt":0.5110524132019637,"spread":0.1007707285883626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008329481,0.00005546389,0.00008892318,0.00006204689,0.0008919523,0.000111123,0.0004828714,0.00003131753,0.007390767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006721601,0.00004937407,0.00005101032,0.0003252413,0.0001021373,0.00009748888,0.0002170695,0.0002376165,0.0002156441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003116071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005297635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01439893,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003560755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982522,0.0006458001,0.000152501,0.00009526069,0.0003983612,0.0004558695],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993032,0.0003232924,0.00002002806,0.0001885403,0.00004043186,0.0001244845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001232344,0.0003894436,0.1382722,0.000002676864,0.000001958253,0.00001187744,0.1264685,3.003448e-7,0.0008494488,0.7297338,0.0003909448,0.003866415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000306205,0.00007950373,0.712733,0.000008488192,0.00002062113,0.000009973101,0.214129,0.000007215706,0.0000462323,0.003464232,0.06898205,0.0002135097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9734866,0.00001697899,0.00001223879,0.01632256,0.0001633427,0.000352091,0.00007177398,0.00003625417,0.009538185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960631,0.00001544562,0.000007618314,0.003435493,0.00008568134,0.0001722366,0.00002380364,0.000004742432,0.0001918422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7262696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9935166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W176256052","doi":"10.1023/a:1017665513905","title":"Measuring Party Identification: Britain, Canada, and the United States","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); National election; Voting; Political science; Split-ticket voting; Distribution (mathematics); Point (geometry); Group voting ticket; Social psychology; Positive economics; Psychology; Politics; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08280422336856627,"gpt":0.3406123459509469,"spread":0.2578081225823806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005654773,0.00006887012,0.0001101602,0.00002294895,0.0004909355,0.0001163127,0.0001035224,0.00004511255,0.0001004748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004269522,0.00005033164,0.00002554507,0.0001884523,0.0004873368,0.00007281861,0.00001767458,0.00009698578,0.00001475122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000177728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000177853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9799969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8963551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984313,0.0003240469,0.0002296137,0.0001285361,0.0003490136,0.000537477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990085,0.0003506074,0.00003170895,0.0001210838,0.0001452071,0.0003428999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008171461,0.00002270952,0.1353338,0.000003981315,0.000004032721,0.000006422353,0.0004404563,7.053718e-7,0.00001541582,0.8635082,0.0004097479,0.0002463985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008058531,0.00002247695,0.8786617,0.00002266558,0.0001499027,0.00001116375,0.002457059,0.0001678995,0.0002576016,0.02653444,0.09060654,0.0003026836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9792663,0.00004226547,0.00003790795,0.01805651,0.0001386737,0.0002417709,0.00001207908,0.00003335167,0.002171117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974861,0.000006609996,0.000004045087,0.0008034259,0.0002093418,0.00007699191,0.00001320265,0.000005870073,0.001394429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8369737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3775928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4220851240","doi":"10.1007/s11109-022-09787-1","title":"Social Trust in Polarized Times: How Perceptions of Political Polarization Affect Americans’ Trust in Each Other","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Social psychology; Perception; Politics; Collective action; Democracy; Psychology; Social trust; Cohesion (chemistry); Political science; Public relations; Social capital; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03631022371739701,"gpt":0.3509702736746488,"spread":0.3146600499572518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005501881,0.0001681296,0.0003926736,0.000231447,0.0005363287,0.00005087943,0.0002900864,0.0002016028,0.002004691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002229399,0.0001890925,0.0001864402,0.0009188499,0.0008545956,0.0001528296,0.0001111937,0.0005742284,0.00001412898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000829477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002845636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03162601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001598445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966533,0.0009479302,0.0003351424,0.0003105335,0.0006334782,0.001119577],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992458,0.000229974,0.00007049944,0.0001251843,0.0000514173,0.0002771849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002760414,0.0005172957,0.4602505,0.000005991215,0.000004112121,0.000008165615,0.006170351,2.324117e-7,0.0008726508,0.5317874,0.00004843163,0.0003073306],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008944626,0.0001636617,0.9348028,0.00001124301,0.00006638513,0.000001664186,0.05715505,0.00003964741,0.00003863182,0.006092994,0.0004152859,0.0003182242],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837461,0.00003112297,0.00005037676,0.005242834,0.0001754836,0.000502014,0.000144857,0.00005989225,0.01004732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977644,0.000001625557,0.00008542852,0.0004928018,0.0003810463,0.0002050874,0.00003600935,0.00002916806,0.001004418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5256944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121695907","doi":"10.1007/s11109-020-09667-6","title":"Expressive Politics as (Costly) Norm Following","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Politics; Salience (neuroscience); Compromise; Social psychology; Norm (philosophy); Psychology; Political economy; Political science; Sociology; Law; Cognitive psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0473533147941225,"gpt":0.4221397482089985,"spread":0.3747864334148759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001402416,0.0001204527,0.0002030144,0.00002839459,0.0004574005,0.00009034115,0.0002242393,0.0002171624,0.002086515],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009062322,0.0001275733,0.0002427341,0.0001823855,0.0003486144,0.0001381049,0.00007795094,0.0002197644,0.000707409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002073598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003097891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003531585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002489167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979197,0.0002100986,0.0002211082,0.0002944234,0.0003686569,0.0009859781],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988534,0.0002135366,0.00002955836,0.0002055317,0.0001488612,0.0005490961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000207388,0.0002093956,0.02566102,0.000001862464,0.00001313944,0.0003219349,0.002120598,4.181718e-9,0.001555315,0.9684866,0.0008311294,0.000796943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001820578,0.0002992726,0.2347728,0.0001049456,0.000570204,0.00008080597,0.06593414,0.00000115659,0.02142689,0.2264885,0.4471018,0.001398846],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6966508,0.00006547934,0.00001925078,0.004038052,0.001371728,0.00009817346,0.00001218566,0.00008571706,0.2976586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9846258,0.000006259736,0.0001829091,0.00345876,0.0009855233,0.00005614454,0.000009738291,0.00001752992,0.01065734],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7419981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2721524302","doi":"10.1007/s11109-017-9413-9","title":"What Draws Politicians’ Attention? An Experimental Study of Issue Framing and its Effect on Individual Political Elites","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"European Research Council; Universiteit Antwerpen","keywords":"Framing (construction); Politics; Parliament; Opposition (politics); Attribution; Political economy; Political science; Political communication; Social psychology; Public relations; Sociology; Law; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08272765865287583,"gpt":0.4517980522569269,"spread":0.369070393604051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007191302,0.0002457468,0.0004350398,0.0001042324,0.001185592,0.0007340338,0.0003873967,0.0002181312,0.0001797628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006938368,0.0002244793,0.00008917564,0.00006112512,0.0006314091,0.0009966108,0.0001177411,0.0002434149,0.0000606082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001677156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007645642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01705256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008515408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961662,0.0007415327,0.0004770058,0.0004516196,0.0008211974,0.001342452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977403,0.0004273373,0.0001215166,0.0004418206,0.0001334195,0.001135601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002162586,0.001745704,0.2894146,0.00002157797,0.00001601417,0.00001202214,0.00212147,2.754061e-8,0.00134013,0.7049802,0.000005533206,0.0003210608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001257916,0.00563942,0.9602786,0.0001447059,0.000274748,0.000003364806,0.01799858,0.00001173873,0.01163831,0.002171028,0.0001520458,0.0004295224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947709,0.00006150949,6.030626e-7,0.001167223,0.0006478959,0.0009671984,0.00003593303,0.00005748331,0.002291257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984295,6.465438e-7,0.000008355388,0.0002060459,0.0008847399,0.0001694237,0.0000100564,0.00002574557,0.0002655227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7028092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.989493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2788719027","doi":"10.1007/s11109-018-9448-6","title":"Compulsory Voting Rules, Reluctant Voters and Ideological Proximity Voting","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Voting; Disapproval voting; Bullet voting; Turnout; Straight-ticket voting; Obligation; Political science; First-past-the-post voting; Voting trust; Argument (complex analysis); Single-member district; Group voting ticket; Cardinal voting systems; Voting behavior; Politics; Political economy; Economics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07661902879992112,"gpt":0.3746802334696462,"spread":0.2980612046697251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006431072,0.0001340955,0.000217409,0.00003916345,0.0006650946,0.0001035596,0.0001297431,0.000174602,0.0001739581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008146858,0.0001167815,0.00005506993,0.0001132558,0.001277235,0.0001680284,0.00007237729,0.0002058595,0.0001298983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001533571,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007167592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00941755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001126009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976618,0.0003217623,0.0003377871,0.0003053908,0.0003337384,0.001039556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988332,0.0002373545,0.00005739698,0.0001017416,0.0001433316,0.0006269753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004911534,0.00005399018,0.2883847,0.000007321883,0.000002466935,0.000006050464,0.0002558461,1.453126e-8,0.0002550542,0.7101037,0.00003347764,0.0008924771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003322884,0.0003156621,0.9824774,0.00006389311,0.00009792273,0.00001394875,0.0004263016,0.0003226817,0.0006141463,0.01128028,0.003620021,0.0004355115],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903427,0.00002328505,0.0003200449,0.00297937,0.0002522331,0.0003170797,0.00000954427,0.0001427935,0.005612893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997655,2.898837e-7,0.0005490553,0.000474273,0.001026647,0.00003377542,0.000004081186,0.00001161747,0.0002451988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6988234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2799866987","doi":"10.1007/s11109-018-9461-9","title":"The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Politics; Extant taxon; Democracy; Criminology; Criminal justice; Political science; Turnout; Urban politics; Economic Justice; Voting; Public administration; Sociology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2691474966656658,"gpt":0.4667622751303672,"spread":0.1976147784647014,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004854256,0.0001254366,0.0001925098,0.0000395541,0.0009213408,0.0001506474,0.0005323282,0.0001454521,0.001262777],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002042167,0.00009302335,0.0001127482,0.0002239429,0.004577255,0.0002186384,0.00007643428,0.0002246608,0.0002240845],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001546209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008441728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8448301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0774339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974829,0.0003580927,0.0003434755,0.0002354914,0.0005161599,0.001063889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958363,0.002703425,0.00009098723,0.0003590719,0.000168858,0.0008414151],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001544052,0.00005400245,0.1312233,0.000001399428,0.000008314645,0.000001057894,0.005749307,1.235963e-8,0.001690032,0.8592203,0.001093219,0.0009436096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003068574,0.0003499486,0.8270413,0.0001888489,0.000424098,0.00001006399,0.02216608,0.000006776309,0.01113513,0.1073096,0.03058475,0.0004764877],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9346388,0.00005077343,0.00007627181,0.03662602,0.0004998667,0.0001974219,0.00005811344,0.00006942594,0.02778334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945532,0.00002127831,0.0004552388,0.001311761,0.002008891,0.00001335728,0.000001599269,0.000009447405,0.001625245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7673962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2036724486","doi":"10.1007/s11109-008-9055-z","title":"Portable Voter Registration","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Polling; Turnout; Quarter (Canadian coin); Software portability; Voter registration; Voting; Voter turnout; State (computer science); Political science; Demographic economics; Advertising; Business; Computer science; Economics; Geography; Politics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1133213056626002,"gpt":0.3924556844763223,"spread":0.2791343788137221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001885788,0.0000679865,0.0001047438,0.00002630124,0.0003937034,0.00003074215,0.00007776195,0.0001004571,0.0006126302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001972307,0.00006455373,0.00005227878,0.0001063096,0.0002955393,0.0001625828,0.000008105219,0.00008996588,0.000322186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001221588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001509747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02604496,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001495439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985909,0.0001073442,0.0002111457,0.0001402507,0.0003237637,0.0006265279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992884,0.00006393741,0.00002865498,0.0001242491,0.00008858943,0.0004061321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001751602,0.00006818197,0.1667588,0.000002009667,0.000001147813,0.00001624796,0.0002028079,4.544701e-8,0.0001955725,0.8315709,0.001084538,0.00009806338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003190375,0.0001332522,0.8905355,0.00001588447,0.00006667199,0.00002534172,0.0002659182,0.0000105931,0.001928814,0.02137691,0.08492402,0.0003980677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8978918,0.000009199544,0.0001111435,0.004522769,0.0002137703,0.0001999872,0.000006489662,0.00009983597,0.09694498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9890566,8.315225e-7,0.00009108329,0.0003281494,0.0005155381,0.00005611757,0.000007791395,0.000007390365,0.009936492],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.810194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9804407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3004966899","doi":"10.1007/s11109-020-09594-6","title":"Politicians, the Representativeness Heuristic and Decision-Making Biases","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Representativeness heuristic; Heuristics; Heuristic; Neglect; Scope (computer science); Psychology; Sample (material); Satisficing; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Conjunction (astronomy); Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2620203391374439,"gpt":0.4714451994728781,"spread":0.2094248603354341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000972348,0.0002675758,0.0004890196,0.0001369474,0.0004010485,0.0007712216,0.001039475,0.0001170196,0.0007406345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01597845,0.0001665021,0.0001977167,0.0004974133,0.0006288307,0.0002921334,0.0005706849,0.0003315011,0.0006772671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006073252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001019691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009306984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001137752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961022,0.0002403218,0.0009768558,0.0008941822,0.00104467,0.000741835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9859325,0.01218854,0.0001723945,0.0007876953,0.0002491822,0.0006696801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001239547,0.0002154583,0.1148124,0.000005062325,0.00001164022,0.0003174075,0.0006068997,0.00002197034,0.0001274602,0.08017159,0.003380713,0.8002055],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007929969,0.0003421058,0.3593782,0.0001537991,0.000285726,0.0002446845,0.006584424,0.002659847,0.000331287,0.6175698,0.01084079,0.0008163031],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9888366,0.00013374,0.002880965,0.005901994,0.0004163856,0.0002931599,0.0001515258,0.00007919956,0.001306367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933755,0.000004148822,0.001572904,0.004606203,0.0003336403,0.00003911413,0.000002610057,0.00002854511,0.0000373103],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7993892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9923104,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3183542700","doi":"10.1007/s11109-021-09735-5","title":"Municipal Identity and City Interests","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Identity (music); Rivalry; Social identity theory; Politics; Context (archaeology); Prestige; Identity politics; Social identity approach; Salient; Collective identity; Competition (biology); Political science; Sociology; Social group; Social psychology; Economics; Psychology; Social science; Law; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1353263480243203,"gpt":0.4244572134000408,"spread":0.2891308653757205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001719582,0.00006862824,0.0001291722,0.00002351521,0.0003725204,0.000112434,0.00009321015,0.0000669052,0.0006775067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006108862,0.00006803196,0.00004790188,0.000119863,0.0004629194,0.0002112935,0.0001225805,0.0001086293,0.000042279],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006035565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006700864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004035109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0101731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989374,0.0001308336,0.0001340923,0.0001754907,0.0002514741,0.0003706821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993104,0.0001757267,0.00001712629,0.0001164252,0.000126696,0.0002536003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001415617,0.00008463558,0.3690104,0.000002967347,0.000006241252,0.00002713443,0.003105252,3.019797e-9,0.00003306683,0.626954,0.0001242372,0.0006505828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002624197,0.00002247723,0.9563953,0.00001368084,0.00009747774,0.000006401519,0.01033888,0.000003730248,0.0003898022,0.0150707,0.01721114,0.0001879553],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9596342,0.0001930458,0.00004939434,0.001957952,0.0002571274,0.00006976606,0.00001614378,0.00005034618,0.03777198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996172,0.00003289583,0.0001026795,0.0003809648,0.0001822577,0.00001574748,0.000003007288,0.00000452397,0.003105932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6118833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7418224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2076409877","doi":"10.1007/s11109-014-9284-2","title":"The Conditional Effect of Network Diversity and Values on Tolerance","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social Capital and Networks","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Openness to experience; Diversity (politics); Social psychology; Function (biology); Value (mathematics); Politics; Transcendence (philosophy); Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Mathematics; Epistemology; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0164333160687961,"gpt":0.305583843140258,"spread":0.2891505270714619,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005033994,0.00005119466,0.00009847844,0.000005150946,0.001578442,0.00001671338,0.00009860085,0.00005868636,0.00002139755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000182542,0.00003496627,0.00004638542,0.00004689628,0.0007913426,0.00003066352,0.00009053209,0.00008400172,0.000008326947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002310458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009181727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004043729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005169955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990588,0.0002598186,0.00006961588,0.00008733272,0.0002339929,0.0002903872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983308,0.001439258,0.00002168875,0.00005630213,0.00002884562,0.0001230506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002110103,0.00001584905,0.137757,0.00000196769,0.000002608497,4.960968e-7,0.000592796,0.000001035368,0.000001191377,0.8590407,0.0003335674,0.002231673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002858582,0.0003347176,0.9151791,0.0000155265,0.00006351264,2.604595e-7,0.0002860148,0.00002022609,0.0001126888,0.0805599,0.003038539,0.0001036951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895264,0.00007550365,0.0000100483,0.0005462965,0.0002422781,0.0001172749,0.000005444503,0.00001807123,0.00945869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990054,0.00001191992,0.000005381446,0.0001879575,0.0006209908,0.00001077183,0.000001455978,0.000002453643,0.0001536355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7784808,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125984357","doi":"10.1007/s11109-021-09677-y","title":"The Impact of the Economy on Presidential Elections Throughout US History","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Voting; Presidential system; Political economy; Economics; Variety (cybernetics); Economy; Voting behavior; Political science; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06682478154951171,"gpt":0.4130420596650092,"spread":0.3462172781154975,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001936629,0.00007318117,0.0001107585,0.00001212363,0.0004626398,0.00004616143,0.0001601408,0.00007616353,0.0004531322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004290979,0.0000434154,0.0002234961,0.0001009235,0.00045954,0.00007099098,0.00002719856,0.000153572,0.00004353589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008356258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008001656,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04469686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005270864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985687,0.0003777861,0.0002223106,0.0001255667,0.0002043861,0.0005012277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990605,0.0003241731,0.00005099229,0.0002374834,0.0001477363,0.0001790879],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004649069,0.0001121269,0.09469545,0.000002036672,0.00001104967,0.000001070755,0.0002020105,0.000001556477,0.0003145362,0.9026571,0.001915092,0.00008330896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001770764,0.0001073218,0.9399573,0.0000138552,0.00009626301,0.000002971647,0.0001600316,0.00001013828,0.003282756,0.0176481,0.03841218,0.000131984],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9165282,0.00007901087,0.000006486681,0.002544744,0.0005941956,0.0002263901,0.00001315653,0.00002299219,0.07998483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944338,0.000001226559,0.000002602501,0.0001370323,0.0003879646,0.00005657263,0.000001475387,0.000006999223,0.004972319],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.885009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9616646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4239300241","doi":"10.1023/a:1017684329835","title":"Introduction","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03061001785954891,"gpt":0.3260089027890281,"spread":0.2953988849294792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001011324,0.0001018347,0.0001045721,0.00007647308,0.00005555228,0.00002901529,0.0000946353,0.00005918867,0.004892703],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001418124,0.00009815043,0.00005471791,0.0001903059,0.0001293135,0.0001240611,0.00003072942,0.0001398323,0.03224475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001784825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000194835,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001038842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005756492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987012,0.00003984976,0.0001579457,0.0002383434,0.0002224067,0.0006402649],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992867,0.00002101235,0.00001533948,0.0002954187,0.00006455572,0.0003170028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002951017,0.0006160295,0.1532943,0.000002548573,0.000004815548,0.00009618212,0.00001833408,2.203761e-7,0.03193782,0.7968282,0.01437253,0.002799532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004911021,0.00009713605,0.7170554,0.000002956132,0.0001666617,0.0005562531,0.00007834139,0.00001506837,0.0139677,0.002910305,0.2643344,0.0003246788],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776084,0.000008556209,0.00005772425,0.003441974,0.0003430425,0.0001425731,0.00002180625,0.0003527008,0.01802325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947237,3.369114e-7,0.000311332,0.0001736532,0.001926385,0.0000642234,0.00002344491,0.0000439064,0.002733039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7939179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2490055391","doi":"10.1007/s11109-016-9358-4","title":"Radio Public Service Announcements and Voter Participation Among Native Americans: Evidence from Two Field Experiments","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","keywords":"Turnout; Voter turnout; Demographic economics; Political science; Test (biology); Randomized experiment; Politics; Advertising; Voting; Economics; Business; Statistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1692017712148347,"gpt":0.4438097824327955,"spread":0.2746080112179607,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002601608,0.0001332225,0.0001820305,0.00004187932,0.000250511,0.0001186106,0.0001463779,0.00009186538,0.0006614832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008511201,0.00009954818,0.00003787812,0.0001717055,0.000326295,0.0007132051,0.00004908755,0.0000807211,0.0000867513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002589886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008973465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08616903,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00635733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997781,0.0003790219,0.000298435,0.0003165258,0.0004531496,0.0007718094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981685,0.0007720734,0.00007184011,0.0001736716,0.0002026866,0.0006111948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001290599,0.00008815154,0.9369355,0.000004372947,0.00001268993,0.000002812808,0.001827372,2.34595e-8,0.006503051,0.05136849,0.00009084319,0.003153718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000700353,0.000228707,0.9786354,0.0002216827,0.0001111728,3.546451e-7,0.000719704,0.00003412975,0.01109073,0.006227363,0.001627389,0.0004030715],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841828,0.00004320693,0.000530576,0.01382173,0.0002052393,0.0003442767,0.00003818337,0.00006005987,0.0007739351],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998165,0.00000451052,0.00009163938,0.0008233501,0.0003673687,0.0002462115,0.000006172389,0.00001049184,0.0002852644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07981169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9199163,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3177175833","doi":"10.1007/s11109-021-09727-5","title":"Big Boys Don’t Cry: Evaluations of Politicians Across Issue, Gender, and Emotion","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health","keywords":"Situational ethics; Politics; Appeal; Relevance (law); Context (archaeology); Appeal to emotion; Social psychology; Political psychology; Emotionality; Action (physics); Political science; Psychology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.114360434100549,"gpt":0.4442955175376047,"spread":0.3299350834370556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003325932,0.00009708816,0.0001650915,0.00004620543,0.0003863399,0.00008179736,0.00008768263,0.0001322203,0.0003627587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004068567,0.0001016366,0.00007809023,0.0001785861,0.0004809891,0.00008961556,0.00006523229,0.0001061001,0.00002375073],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001000236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003577025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005776888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004988519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980775,0.0002442959,0.0002759368,0.0002484535,0.0004725964,0.0006811969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988957,0.0001292626,0.00004855601,0.0001965625,0.0003637843,0.0003661569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000180438,0.0003035544,0.0573438,0.00004035029,0.00001507748,0.00001279469,0.009939123,8.506835e-7,0.001540296,0.9270233,0.000130135,0.003648896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006120823,0.00005093906,0.8348522,0.0000209299,0.0002557073,0.00001791121,0.09448795,0.0000338841,0.008843369,0.05410102,0.006437655,0.0002863584],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9548097,0.0001903948,0.0004443502,0.003016189,0.0005668106,0.0002580756,0.0001541062,0.00004382448,0.04051656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968079,0.00003394542,0.0003345271,0.0002779148,0.0004469537,0.00002589301,0.00003085124,0.00001210909,0.002029936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8729223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8732964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3166852013","doi":"10.1007/s11109-021-09724-8","title":"Competitive Loss, Gendered Backlash and Sexism in Politics","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Gender Politics and Representation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Université du Québec à Montréal; Western University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Politics; Competition (biology); Backlash; Femininity; Social psychology; Psychology; Masculinity; Negative feedback; Feminism; Political science; Gender studies; Sociology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05536964617274392,"gpt":0.3721511473660705,"spread":0.3167815011933265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001558495,0.00009712304,0.0001552233,0.00005961787,0.0001915698,0.00008992238,0.0000788174,0.0001240578,0.0002692049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001803874,0.0001054852,0.00004543125,0.000138775,0.0004860546,0.00008348548,0.00007313709,0.0001611202,0.0000352212],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001557292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003268207,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003781822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001364401,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982952,0.0002124674,0.0002059376,0.0002628215,0.0002851466,0.000738401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991438,0.0001586222,0.0000209705,0.0001361682,0.0001140638,0.0004263369],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[6.588658e-7,0.000115703,0.09026498,0.000007013668,0.000003182363,0.0001226873,0.001796347,7.614153e-8,0.0001100641,0.9074038,0.00002761642,0.0001478698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008323232,0.00002911058,0.8190529,0.00002536591,0.00006938264,0.00004628544,0.03840772,0.00001121905,0.002511119,0.1218468,0.01680727,0.0003605589],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8348938,0.0001042691,0.00002199931,0.004709903,0.0002439389,0.0001722958,0.00005253569,0.00003460309,0.1597667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961827,0.00003256017,0.0003501145,0.0005465131,0.0002178005,0.00001980936,0.00002068923,0.00001100007,0.002618783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.785557,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5717009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4391508089","doi":"10.1007/s11109-024-09914-0","title":"Who Can Assert Ownership Over Automation? Workplace Technological Change, Populist and Ethno-nationalist Rhetoric, and Candidate Support","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Rhetoric; Nationalism; Automation; Political science; Political economy; Sociology; Law; Engineering; Politics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0947263550537791,"gpt":0.4383596283980312,"spread":0.3436332733442521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003638936,0.0002053785,0.0002674912,0.0001413464,0.0005787574,0.00005502034,0.00008783286,0.0002860019,0.0004689982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001549231,0.0001544054,0.00003934546,0.0001972669,0.0002970351,0.0001434517,0.0001988147,0.000547963,0.00004538288],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002362287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009115788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001820718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000896304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981716,0.0001316694,0.0003379809,0.0003837876,0.0002797387,0.0006952806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991149,0.0003353645,0.00003956484,0.0001561757,0.00007469753,0.000279299],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000604605,0.00003346246,0.5021458,0.0001206276,0.00001481606,0.00003901914,0.0005364796,1.874744e-9,0.00001916292,0.4922198,0.003805316,0.001059463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003288345,0.00006895486,0.9642378,0.0001825784,0.0001397293,0.00001881168,0.0007051681,0.00002076058,0.00001875216,0.005317316,0.02870368,0.0002575952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9221767,0.0004409135,0.00001121647,0.06935912,0.0005120237,0.0008243809,0.0002932498,0.0005650506,0.005817305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98842,0.00003992543,0.00005850823,0.001068246,0.0003174703,0.0006815532,0.00009816938,0.00002698884,0.009289169],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4869024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6296471,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4225269298","doi":"10.1007/s11109-022-09794-2","title":"Increasing Youth Political Engagement with Efficacy Not Obligation: Evidence from a Workshop-Based Experiment in Zambia","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Religion, Society, and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; University of Denver; University of Notre Dame","keywords":"Obligation; Politics; Political science; Psychology; Public relations; Social psychology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1122216240903425,"gpt":0.3745775671425502,"spread":0.2623559430522077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001318376,0.000211051,0.0002750087,0.00009909854,0.0009689067,0.0001692946,0.0003697996,0.00009490179,0.0006432647],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005319316,0.0002088529,0.0001109562,0.0004505591,0.000443326,0.0001452406,0.0001838387,0.0004619984,0.00002399065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002061245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009131298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08639015,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003836259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954454,0.001039472,0.0004346051,0.0005285108,0.001392825,0.001159159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976692,0.001247371,0.00006416671,0.0002997147,0.00008359014,0.0006360039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007994447,0.003949034,0.3961058,0.00003164581,0.00005698296,0.0003240097,0.4116068,0.00009140094,0.0007595752,0.1848115,0.0009385294,0.0005252788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002422345,0.0002727923,0.5646519,0.0002908204,0.0001952894,0.000004304413,0.4265882,0.00006875153,0.002121143,0.001550014,0.0009511315,0.0008832896],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926403,0.0002912143,0.0001159727,0.004794553,0.0002486329,0.0006802243,0.00003406775,0.0001109534,0.001084061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948529,0.00001541623,0.002557697,0.001797783,0.0002147692,0.0004681621,0.00003946196,0.00002367112,0.00003013205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1832615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9196936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411573667","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10057-z","title":"Attending Church Encourages Acceptance of Atheists? Suppression Effects in Religion and Politics Research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Religion and Society Interactions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Religious studies; Social psychology; Psychology; Political science; Sociology; Philosophy; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04575349021853877,"gpt":0.4600319971131181,"spread":0.4142785068945793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006698502,0.00007763847,0.0001712818,0.0001916327,0.0003469219,0.00005643778,0.000173163,0.0001669408,0.00003779016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001077818,0.00007439931,0.0000639125,0.0004041712,0.0006301826,0.0001119981,0.00008902569,0.0003870922,0.000008409936],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002633142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001460736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00700018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000190211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982014,0.000384899,0.0002377565,0.0002046546,0.0003744652,0.0005967886],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982135,0.001279971,0.00002616025,0.0001568845,0.0001476686,0.0001758159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004242831,0.0001225665,0.1018331,0.00004277003,0.000002542871,0.000006771539,0.001821822,7.557087e-8,0.003037067,0.8909262,0.00175794,0.0004449299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008462135,0.0001323552,0.8695919,0.0009084439,0.00006495055,0.000004039218,0.01569573,0.0000432883,0.01401904,0.076567,0.02181859,0.0003084373],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534533,0.0001641375,0.00003690635,0.004113695,0.0002926804,0.0003265274,0.000005820155,0.00002683491,0.04158011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966897,0.0002196624,0.0001413676,0.0001855936,0.00007093038,0.00006002359,0.00000176914,0.000005954866,0.002624952],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8143592,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996123,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3003976229","doi":"10.1007/s11109-020-09595-5","title":"Conformity and Individuals’ Response to Information About Aggregate Turnout","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Turnout; Conformity; Voting; Population; Incentive; Anticipation (artificial intelligence); Demographic economics; Political science; Conformist; Social psychology; Psychology; Economics; Microeconomics; Demography; Sociology; Computer science; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05084621421981498,"gpt":0.3613707602261265,"spread":0.3105245460063115,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004824261,0.0000926552,0.0001484588,0.0000439686,0.000235574,0.0001697517,0.0001022768,0.0001078534,0.0001503829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001723917,0.00008677782,0.00003497789,0.0001709331,0.0001745646,0.0004226901,0.00004548717,0.0001227971,0.0004367731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000087989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001289369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004062324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001590971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984449,0.0002237715,0.0002841593,0.0001203927,0.0003391941,0.0005875688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983498,0.000189927,0.0000393931,0.00008144369,0.0001050452,0.001234384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000121738,0.00004043949,0.1881606,0.00002761901,0.000006154934,0.00000415554,0.01264015,2.877177e-7,0.00041949,0.7924293,0.0006057302,0.005544356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004211965,0.0002957682,0.803787,0.000029223,0.00005332388,0.000001783194,0.0009875685,0.00001755942,0.0008596146,0.001258872,0.1919993,0.0002887783],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9668761,0.00001211848,0.00007617938,0.02839541,0.00008751663,0.0004241401,0.0000637152,0.00008835441,0.003976487],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945347,7.238656e-7,0.00008917224,0.004988504,0.0001893145,0.0000624159,0.000007694027,0.000005236668,0.0001222586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7911704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6141046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400766892","doi":"10.1007/s11109-024-09960-8","title":"Framing Layoffs: Media Coverage, Blame Attribution, and Trade-Related Policy Responses","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Blame; Framing (construction); Economics; Incentive; Attribution; Government (linguistics); Public policy; Ideology; Political science; Public relations; Social psychology; Politics; Psychology; Market economy; Economic growth; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05257056563373085,"gpt":0.3979488228996735,"spread":0.3453782572659426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005329384,0.0001347453,0.0001895165,0.0001752408,0.0003214095,0.0002393582,0.00009053329,0.0002335827,0.000253922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001069747,0.00012379,0.00007396912,0.0005198052,0.0005072362,0.0002198346,0.00002672752,0.0002529027,0.0001490711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002985444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004005211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01079628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005534976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977945,0.0003620278,0.0003338374,0.0002708166,0.0003725606,0.0008662572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983188,0.0008695291,0.00002091623,0.0001146595,0.00004659416,0.0006295042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005133679,0.00004023282,0.03063713,0.00001975731,0.000007583292,0.00002889253,0.001117556,5.410712e-8,0.00027165,0.9655805,0.0001914304,0.002100051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003747511,0.000156272,0.7509202,0.0001944498,0.0002411991,0.00003076194,0.0005352856,0.00006904094,0.0008125505,0.1004436,0.145666,0.0005559297],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9700609,0.0004740614,0.0001160144,0.02335667,0.0004731767,0.0002881455,0.000131271,0.0002938886,0.004805849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972691,0.00001327221,0.00001799113,0.0003543207,0.0007810896,0.00005294631,0.00001829516,0.0000179351,0.001475071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.865137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4395089054","doi":"10.1007/s11109-026-10165-4","title":"Unbundling Digital Media Literacy Tips: Results from Two Experiments","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Literacy, Media, and Education","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Unbundling; Media literacy; Literacy; Digital media; Computer science; Multimedia; Advertising; Business; World Wide Web; Sociology; Pedagogy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08273519858220485,"gpt":0.3554739447681525,"spread":0.2727387461859477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001279604,0.0004635994,0.0004355014,0.0001974249,0.000152586,0.002932668,0.0003918909,0.0002051004,0.001838939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003383757,0.0004102704,0.0002772237,0.00002918769,0.000314132,0.0003818732,0.0006226447,0.0009752042,0.001981951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002676492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002825391,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004399821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006999986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996937,0.00005175467,0.000870252,0.0008538957,0.000522304,0.0007647316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979221,0.0005363198,0.0001249461,0.0006781141,0.0002176915,0.0005208413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007176137,0.0007026599,0.0009447142,0.0001352199,0.00009988793,0.0001267571,0.8540964,2.828068e-7,0.000008835004,0.123259,0.005668634,0.01488577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003720181,0.000228577,0.004301047,0.004593026,0.002604986,0.00002983716,0.1284378,0.0003500785,0.001983595,0.561403,0.2878385,0.004509417],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9496135,0.0009113085,0.000003531945,0.000840046,0.01665428,0.0003619695,0.01017146,0.0003083413,0.02113556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703175,0.000006967219,0.0001738745,0.0003327947,0.01612744,0.0001890756,0.007330365,0.0000853798,0.005436581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7256587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2027353633","doi":"10.1007/s11109-014-9276-2","title":"The South, the Suburbs, and the Vatican Too: Explaining Partisan Change Among Catholics","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ideology; Elite; Democracy; Argument (complex analysis); Quarter (Canadian coin); Political economy; Context (archaeology); Identity (music); Political science; Sociology; Gender studies; Politics; Law; History","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07916843829944488,"gpt":0.3576444528161393,"spread":0.2784760145166944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002158887,0.0001184548,0.000164829,0.00001394862,0.001812483,0.0003224789,0.0002766539,0.00008853605,0.00002632211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001414126,0.00005504955,0.00006866858,0.000141494,0.002542148,0.0001068146,0.00006212236,0.0002304633,0.00003094712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005438477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000398673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02680939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007504168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972669,0.0009886348,0.0002744377,0.0001688374,0.000395124,0.0009060313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973259,0.001922391,0.00006317596,0.0002851813,0.00007546633,0.000327875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004619195,0.00001062336,0.1170474,0.000002068486,0.000002879094,3.495473e-7,0.008498783,3.158795e-8,0.000002913155,0.8731619,0.00005990699,0.00120846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005997287,0.00008859494,0.9215472,0.00002714252,0.0002194696,0.000002990373,0.007392529,0.0003070429,0.00008456956,0.03611375,0.03332402,0.0002929033],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9682828,0.00006249671,0.0000446485,0.02377962,0.0002582576,0.0006263725,0.000006364518,0.00005596292,0.006883466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965807,0.00000328745,0.000006746084,0.001052626,0.0009973448,0.0005562868,0.000001572343,0.00001214011,0.0007893377],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8370482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403808862","doi":"10.1007/s11109-024-09982-2","title":"Pathways to Substantive Representation: Policy Congruence and Policy Knowledge Among Canadian Local Politicians","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Congruence (geometry); Representation (politics); Political science; Social psychology; Psychology; Politics; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06406585992908782,"gpt":0.4126047372668075,"spread":0.3485388773377197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000337274,0.0001991383,0.0002557454,0.0005040802,0.0005005354,0.0003735994,0.0001887586,0.0002083291,0.0001473309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008502272,0.0001995638,0.00008358771,0.001112666,0.0009732369,0.0003042901,0.00004738221,0.0002303126,0.0004080746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001702504,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003158946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9381368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7223716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968017,0.0002887239,0.0003594129,0.0004606443,0.000340639,0.001748848],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962478,0.0003555937,0.00001923649,0.0002050387,0.0002087638,0.002963541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002156918,0.00003022668,0.03435652,0.00001913486,0.000007438561,0.00005429782,0.004312549,2.860579e-7,0.0000941067,0.9583874,0.0003109898,0.002424937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002856303,0.0002567711,0.875378,0.0002896753,0.0001649555,0.00002572885,0.006905362,0.0001596843,0.001266045,0.06496653,0.04937144,0.0009301858],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.899711,0.0001419699,0.000228186,0.0255207,0.000505635,0.0007673742,0.0002553968,0.0002296398,0.07264011],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950281,0.000002872128,0.00002602514,0.0009506312,0.001832157,0.0001701791,0.00001270607,0.00002982813,0.001947504],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8934208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8137975,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4403923151","doi":"10.1007/s11109-024-09975-1","title":"Using Cell-phone Mobility Data to Study Voter Turnout","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Central Research Institute, Fukuoka University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Fukuoka University; University of Toronto","keywords":"Polling; Turnout; Computer science; Voting; Phone; Voter turnout; Residence; Measure (data warehouse); Global Positioning System; Econometrics; Data mining; Telecommunications; Political science; Computer network; Demographic economics; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3026581795805733,"gpt":0.4965337725763465,"spread":0.1938755929957732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008814607,0.0001240658,0.0001814956,0.00005885671,0.0002529702,0.0002492786,0.000349962,0.00009251329,0.0005929074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002563605,0.000108763,0.00004872743,0.0003105163,0.0001305044,0.0002433598,0.000168887,0.0001807143,0.0005667104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002662512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001880333,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04406288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002516321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975697,0.0003460193,0.0003169563,0.0004600463,0.0004653311,0.0008419361],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984814,0.0002041257,0.00001305609,0.0005283349,0.00006885004,0.0007042331],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003824589,0.00456588,0.4881324,0.0001432922,0.00005100498,0.0002556312,0.01214499,0.000003108083,0.008988695,0.4803225,0.001461888,0.003892369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001065624,0.001436009,0.9173949,0.0002401123,0.001826453,0.00001511328,0.01030233,0.001820491,0.004726795,0.01706524,0.04185478,0.002252123],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939024,0.00003915899,0.0002876098,0.00168362,0.000668727,0.0008059019,0.0001043507,0.0001503788,0.002357895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982257,1.155868e-7,0.0002272861,0.0001860144,0.0007368586,0.00006643756,0.00001097137,0.00001758568,0.0005290515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4632573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9623028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4405795827","doi":"10.1007/s11109-024-09998-8","title":"The Nature of Online Talk: Incivility of Opposing Views and Affective Polarization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social Media and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto","keywords":"Incivility; Polarization (electrochemistry); Social psychology; Psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03337056002260323,"gpt":0.3964767429091912,"spread":0.3631061828865879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002787458,0.00005982649,0.0001268653,0.00002896487,0.000166204,0.00003191163,0.00008627525,0.0001691475,0.00001652605],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00101076,0.00004392493,0.00005520914,0.000168143,0.000827647,0.00006876984,0.00003253337,0.0002244667,9.595125e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006875287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002030922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002611581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009404095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990188,0.000208606,0.0001727374,0.0001034496,0.0002360068,0.0002604024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987282,0.000930524,0.00002925397,0.00008104053,0.0000997893,0.0001312152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003510881,0.00007686471,0.04828389,0.00004400004,0.00000804384,0.000002308062,0.004013069,6.027197e-9,0.002139703,0.9369427,0.00001682432,0.008469076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003430973,0.000262239,0.8278109,0.000342815,0.0006464225,0.00000651872,0.03674844,0.00005951961,0.02521348,0.0770472,0.03113216,0.0003872309],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949678,0.0009971395,0.00001888729,0.001664185,0.0004988952,0.0002180049,0.0001252131,0.00002401246,0.001485838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994698,0.00003291408,0.00007364231,0.00006508585,0.0002400534,0.00000790634,0.000007016432,0.000006125629,0.00009746429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8598955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3947947,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4411062751","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10050-6","title":"E Pluribus Whom? The Limitations of American Identity in Reducing Racial Conflict","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universität Wien; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Institute of Population and Public Health; Johns Hopkins University","keywords":"Identity (music); Political science; Psychology; Social psychology; Criminology; Sociology; Art; Aesthetics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09487910229857377,"gpt":0.4500050278045281,"spread":0.3551259255059543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003096384,0.00005361374,0.0001440975,0.00007199537,0.0002448155,0.00003911959,0.0002396612,0.0000588652,0.00006419957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001017203,0.00004548424,0.00007082371,0.0005097201,0.001703939,0.00009508843,0.00003809904,0.0001545687,0.00001632972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001054809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001550969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03156488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01152721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989187,0.0002309527,0.0002250473,0.000127658,0.0001560442,0.0003415808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992268,0.0004708848,0.00004390865,0.0001123782,0.00007966693,0.00006633537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000726178,0.0001468042,0.04480724,0.000001249453,0.000005816262,0.000001759696,0.009857119,9.211125e-8,0.0003032915,0.9369969,0.0001762129,0.007696283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001734975,0.00003884303,0.9556575,0.00001467286,0.00004933534,2.370391e-7,0.01851536,0.000001739858,0.0001731854,0.009931415,0.01537419,0.00006997836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9383752,0.00002994326,0.00005483614,0.008378322,0.000483815,0.0001745528,0.000008824425,0.00001973169,0.05247477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984832,0.00001899113,0.00004119723,0.0006535486,0.0001264188,0.00005489204,0.000001574081,0.000003059319,0.0006171386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9270654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.974884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4407555744","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10003-z","title":"Am I Eligible to Register? Registration Rules, Eligibility Uncertainty, and Youth Voter Turnout","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; Trinity College Dublin; Yale University; Irish Research eLibrary; Universität Mannheim; University of Oxford","keywords":"Voter registration; Register (sociolinguistics); Turnout; Voter turnout; Political science; Demographic economics; Actuarial science; Psychology; Econometrics; Business; Economics; Voting; Law; Politics; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06769132266142941,"gpt":0.3437008981560193,"spread":0.2760095754945899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004494165,0.0001545876,0.0003119333,0.0002081297,0.0001033944,0.0001164884,0.0001568726,0.0001182561,0.00004312743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002391319,0.0001712181,0.00007041966,0.0001554604,0.00008741676,0.0000941931,0.0001282645,0.00014753,0.0002145127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000257255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004230452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01888204,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005118069,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982381,0.00002496925,0.0006083261,0.0005174973,0.00004728069,0.000563833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990356,0.00003929902,0.00007198998,0.0005023519,0.0000381659,0.0003126249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000158048,0.00008417788,0.02553939,0.00005520657,0.000007310999,0.000002090444,0.000201587,7.114579e-7,0.000003550199,0.9721218,0.0006349009,0.001333419],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001006484,0.0003237527,0.4853464,0.0001145526,0.00008670916,0.000004702398,0.000530355,0.0001200046,0.0001953878,0.3661742,0.145394,0.0007034714],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8491738,0.0003089767,0.002897094,0.04592754,0.0004689066,0.0009445742,0.0007456145,0.0001105133,0.099423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911827,0.00001777437,0.0004241391,0.005241221,0.00009119338,0.00009050655,0.00004096693,0.00001113428,0.002900301],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6059477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9876513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416404402","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10095-7","title":"Berlinguer, I Love You (Still): The Downstream Effects of Expressive Voting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Population and Public Health; University of Warwick","keywords":"Voting; Politics; Preference; Downstream (manufacturing); Communism; Voting behavior","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02131649729456993,"gpt":0.363721255752345,"spread":0.3424047584577751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002582099,0.0001033109,0.0001950517,0.00004229471,0.0001741358,0.00004433898,0.0002005016,0.0001205293,0.000101688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001657748,0.00007384487,0.0001031288,0.0002199725,0.0005085522,0.00006576964,0.00004514535,0.0001545447,0.00006244647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001090207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000138395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01556618,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006279772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983285,0.0002765794,0.0002977589,0.0001686467,0.0002819713,0.0006465439],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981388,0.001290128,0.00006263149,0.000171416,0.0001381049,0.0001989178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003681657,0.0001072044,0.07641875,0.00004355375,0.000008475889,0.000002722429,0.0008370045,3.052825e-7,0.0009067855,0.920626,0.0001346524,0.0009108383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001951686,0.0004729466,0.7478228,0.001242041,0.00147382,0.000003180776,0.004802707,0.0001289896,0.1535255,0.06205742,0.02551076,0.001008103],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9608732,0.0001217581,0.0001170773,0.003707429,0.0005790393,0.0005785782,0.00001142666,0.00003475176,0.03397675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996603,7.755559e-7,0.00002946386,0.0002387001,0.000253648,0.00005573814,0.000001977546,0.000006374048,0.002810363],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8585686,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9909893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4409185928","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10021-x","title":"The Mosque Next Door: How the Visibility of Mosques Influences Support for the Far-Right and Anti-Immigration Policies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Council of Ontario Universities; Wilfrid Laurier University; Aurora College","funders":"University of Bern","keywords":"Visibility; Far right; Immigration; Political science; Advertising; Business; Geography; Law; Politics; Meteorology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03160917750118372,"gpt":0.3624517448594758,"spread":0.3308425673582921,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001122707,0.0001753201,0.0002310373,0.00003646629,0.001451307,0.0003918055,0.0006595908,0.0001424258,0.00002509126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00103082,0.00008430485,0.0001488447,0.0002056653,0.003042996,0.0002778971,0.0001006126,0.0002090014,0.000002926286],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008360844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002806428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008225786,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003388694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979169,0.0002944189,0.000377112,0.0002708503,0.0003835996,0.000757111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964027,0.002582943,0.00008952221,0.0004369065,0.00033632,0.0001515994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002737651,0.0001236011,0.07257716,0.00004039817,0.00003483343,9.498078e-7,0.01436745,2.101458e-7,0.0004156492,0.9002661,0.001184982,0.01096128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000324496,0.0001790316,0.7376776,0.0000617736,0.0004222404,0.000002543606,0.1590033,0.0001335629,0.002955073,0.02703776,0.07189902,0.0003035839],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9407166,0.000459801,0.000425318,0.05579644,0.000612013,0.0009508394,0.0001107631,0.00005080861,0.0008774048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996841,0.0002146635,0.00001139749,0.001541839,0.0002472697,0.0002430327,0.00000329632,0.000007678146,0.0008898428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8732284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416404237","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10097-5","title":"How Politicians (mis)Perceive Policy Salience","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Vlaamse regering; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Universität Konstanz; University of Toronto; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Salience (neuroscience); Salient; Cognition; Motivated reasoning; Representation (politics); Public policy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04500596764405142,"gpt":0.410343473010657,"spread":0.3653375053666056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002757196,0.0001699785,0.0002510483,0.0001892582,0.0005534549,0.0002914348,0.0003038507,0.0002177742,0.0001185091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001422368,0.0001635963,0.0001286727,0.0006047083,0.0007533412,0.0002451875,0.00003770198,0.0002148691,0.0001222161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006842251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007669362,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06095982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003206871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970755,0.0003020949,0.0002759343,0.0003198503,0.0004320008,0.001594641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984956,0.0002845856,0.00003670088,0.0002697804,0.0002008853,0.0007124717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002883288,0.0001025712,0.03440031,0.00001225534,0.000005075877,0.00000706288,0.0004219099,5.593654e-8,0.0003753806,0.9634156,0.0003761497,0.0008807281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007991426,0.000207948,0.6097446,0.0001812989,0.0003169571,0.000005813224,0.008077896,0.00002331735,0.003917332,0.2024248,0.1733136,0.0009873341],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6134222,0.00005073814,0.0005015553,0.111691,0.0007274416,0.0007064594,0.00006193214,0.00030624,0.2725324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9741262,0.000001356428,0.00007661879,0.002672625,0.0009006225,0.0001436289,0.000005731063,0.00001266693,0.02206057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7609908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9452933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4416723163","doi":"10.1007/s11109-025-10104-9","title":"Advice Not Taken: Canadian Citizen Assemblies and Subsequent Referendums","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Status quo; Voting; Scholarship; Deliberative democracy; Electoral reform; Public opinion","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06924036076079804,"gpt":0.3827799505054839,"spread":0.3135395897446859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003036974,0.0001085534,0.0001723778,0.0001202705,0.0004186208,0.000136826,0.0001195909,0.0001666851,0.000270069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003622775,0.0001048871,0.00004164578,0.0002054764,0.0002749071,0.000104198,0.00002275285,0.0001530796,0.00006976238],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004224314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005283503,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8250477,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6763977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998206,0.0001837237,0.0002327147,0.0002149854,0.0002259984,0.0009365838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986562,0.0001728627,0.00001982579,0.0001394568,0.0001180498,0.0008935662],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002446589,0.00002046895,0.07693919,0.000009532477,0.000004151872,0.000006205898,0.0001514938,1.586215e-8,0.0001356243,0.9213224,0.0007451396,0.0006633085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002404565,0.00004629391,0.9153412,0.00004856228,0.0001126529,0.000001562635,0.0006790794,0.000008987436,0.0007555752,0.01097469,0.07153619,0.0002547639],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8580916,0.00005004818,0.000007749286,0.01762196,0.0003242482,0.0002861985,0.00004609281,0.00009434608,0.1234778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9916599,0.000002413531,0.00003936904,0.001808872,0.0001820073,0.00009454595,0.000009849829,0.000007502222,0.006195549],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9103478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4277174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}