{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":17,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":1,"predictions_cover":17,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"6d78afe5792b","filters":{"venue":"Pollutants"}},"results":[{"id":"W4396674662","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4020015","title":"Effective Removal of Microplastic Particles from Wastewater Using Hydrophobic Bio-Substrates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Microplastics; Materials science; Waste management; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Engineering","authors":[{"name":"Kalyani Prasad Bhagwat","is_ca":true},{"name":"Denis Rodrigue","is_ca":true},{"name":"Laura Romero‐Zerón","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01050257801505147,"gpt":0.2228299639044076,"spread":0.2123273858893561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001130086,0.0001716709,0.0001811981,0.00005545681,0.0000718235,0.00005059339,0.0001206303,0.00007453572,0.001644958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003860947,0.0001395722,0.00006613161,0.0002760608,0.0001965751,0.0001268893,0.00009701193,0.0001035025,0.0007777176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001157794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002099858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006015457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007127851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988354,0.00005540961,0.0002568116,0.0003357012,0.0002030161,0.0003135928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994835,0.0002075445,0.00005634341,0.0001537013,0.00000419526,0.00009473924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000385182,0.00003271748,0.001111113,0.00001642332,0.00003585381,0.00009137485,0.0002774729,0.000844532,0.9909179,0.00002986123,0.00008827566,0.006515927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003078472,0.00009258537,0.02004226,0.0002152223,0.0001241413,0.0001425386,0.00004848232,0.1129925,0.862647,0.00200571,0.001095128,0.0002866137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965014,0.000493006,0.0009783052,0.00001919165,0.00105515,0.0001409922,0.0004362346,0.0000427475,0.0003330086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980152,0.00001715847,0.001730473,0.00001335073,0.0001309618,0.000002420331,0.000003947525,0.0000218233,0.00006464852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1282709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360613672","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3020014","title":"Mercury Accumulation in Food Crops and Phytoremediation Potential of Wild Plants Thriving in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Areas in Uganda","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mercury (programming language); Gold mining; Soil water; Environmental science; Cinnabar; Pollution; Phytoremediation; Environmental protection; Thriving; Ecosystem; Environmental chemistry; Mining engineering; Ecology; Chemistry; Biology; Geology; Soil science; Mineralogy","authors":[{"name":"Jamilu E. Ssenku","is_ca":false},{"name":"Betty Naziriwo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Jennifer Kutesakwe","is_ca":false},{"name":"Abubakar Sadik Mustafa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Derrick Kayeera","is_ca":false},{"name":"Emmanuel Tebandeke","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02577899382728884,"gpt":0.2522919797211924,"spread":0.2265129858939035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005239655,0.0001096225,0.0001826591,0.00015924,0.0000226101,0.00001134104,0.00007057306,0.00007551518,0.00004942435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007703773,0.0001164772,0.00001303304,0.0003140606,0.00009564508,0.0002064016,0.0001473669,0.00009839366,0.00000891967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001136604,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006084349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003370334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006498712,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99878,0.00008544473,0.0003334989,0.0002811049,0.00025057,0.0002694273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996838,0.00006797011,0.00008412232,0.0001053403,8.017198e-7,0.00005799627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002557672,0.00003962955,0.9052538,0.000009605562,0.000002730651,0.00001377682,0.001830522,0.004627874,0.05563495,9.086423e-7,0.000003411351,0.03255717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006085232,0.00003881488,0.9772978,0.00007018391,0.000002882426,0.000003947686,0.0003723466,0.01762028,0.003710556,0.0001616601,0.000005843786,0.0001071574],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994368,0.00007262424,0.0000265843,0.00008895738,0.00007474757,0.0001811964,0.00002617763,0.00001041887,0.0000824806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994335,0.0001498053,0.0003419887,0.0000230289,0.00001735048,0.000008210517,0.000003814137,0.00001155969,0.00001075361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07204396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4749801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4224258005","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2020011","title":"Characterization of Annual Air Emissions Reported by Pulp and Paper Mills in Atlantic Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy; Dalhousie University","funders":"Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación; CSA Group","keywords":"Particulates; Environmental science; Pollutant; Pulp (tooth); Air pollution; Nova scotia; Pulp mill; Environmental protection; Greenhouse gas; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Geography; Chemistry; Oceanography; Archaeology","authors":[{"name":"Gianina Giacosa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Codey Barnett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Rainham","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tony R. ‎Walker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01304296594091198,"gpt":0.2446462521386042,"spread":0.2316032861976922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002111092,0.0000562559,0.000106914,0.00001668395,0.0001233496,0.000001855253,0.00006259725,0.00002107092,0.001696641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005949818,0.00005552105,0.000006817922,0.0001914111,0.00003442323,0.00009915158,0.00009218878,0.00008783537,0.000001623143],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001770427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009855609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3319842,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1782622,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991136,0.00007401805,0.0002434119,0.0001378184,0.000244932,0.0001862259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996471,0.00002064761,0.0001134624,0.0001000595,0.000002032199,0.0001166788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009790905,0.0002066706,0.614073,0.00004666733,0.00001183728,0.00007592495,0.004855407,0.00009655968,0.3413695,0.0000201566,0.01621945,0.02292689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001780686,0.00003380152,0.9733479,0.000008004099,0.000002907465,0.00001465777,0.0002778453,0.0001757551,0.0008287643,0.00002713057,0.02503068,0.00007448305],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956346,0.00002013442,0.000004593856,0.003314012,0.00005556433,0.0001165755,0.0005944923,0.000005608345,0.0002544666],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968956,0.00002596566,0.00001600023,0.002634003,0.00000496737,0.000004760889,0.00002544027,0.000005069053,0.0003881815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3592749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131567228","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1010005","title":"Removal of Chromium(VI) from Contaminated Water Using Untreated Moringa Leaves as Biosorbent","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Moringa; Biosorption; Chromium; Chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Freundlich equation; Adsorption; Wastewater; Metal; Langmuir; Langmuir adsorption model; Industrial wastewater treatment; Environmental engineering; Food science; Organic chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Archana Thomas","is_ca":false},{"name":"Zhainab Akhter","is_ca":false},{"name":"Shannon Q. Fernandes","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Elkamel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01717482342922985,"gpt":0.2448537668766098,"spread":0.22767894344738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001272291,0.0002485139,0.0003355446,0.00006008438,0.0001279635,0.00003520052,0.0002056422,0.0001504188,0.01984996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004468381,0.0001929633,0.0001416292,0.000342838,0.0002453233,0.0001917657,0.0002452995,0.0001347118,0.001272977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000205853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003472076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001135089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001383449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980475,0.0001098796,0.0004463358,0.0004843301,0.0004697314,0.0004422167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992813,0.00002266057,0.0001358291,0.0003608665,0.00002560303,0.0001737264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006948549,0.0001238491,0.002197227,0.000004268694,0.00005100566,0.0004822543,0.0003150929,0.000116534,0.9902979,0.00004704652,0.00004492476,0.006250479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001030351,0.00005679754,0.02856863,0.00004520094,0.00006131952,0.0005616289,0.000262775,0.002947684,0.9628365,0.0003758447,0.002936515,0.0003167242],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933989,0.0001195427,0.00009351593,0.0002579032,0.0003298789,0.0001318353,0.000285535,0.00007883076,0.005304075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945461,0.00003932969,0.001053068,0.0002352957,0.00006375975,0.000001024912,0.00003007623,0.00002825373,0.004003086],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0274613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3120592412","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1010002","title":"The Appropriateness of Using Aquatic Snails as Bioindicators of Toxicity for Oil Sands Process-Affected Water","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bioindicator; Oil sands; Biota; Aquatic ecosystem; Ecology; Environmental science; Chemical toxicity; Biology; Environmental chemistry; Asphalt; Geography; Water pollutants; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Zhongzhi Chen","is_ca":false},{"name":"Brian R. Eaton","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01633429596663659,"gpt":0.2803505291663162,"spread":0.2640162331996796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002570011,0.0001460754,0.0003511771,0.00005240606,0.0001895769,0.00003455745,0.0002319477,0.000107341,0.0001004861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003391525,0.00008958882,0.0001547581,0.0003034422,0.0001247064,0.00005723902,0.00004320167,0.00008392601,0.00000230366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000298476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002215553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002388626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001329107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987398,0.00003030998,0.0003953943,0.0002407862,0.0002875554,0.0003062029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991873,0.0000833659,0.0002525855,0.0002914769,0.0001257886,0.00005947506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005260108,0.0001118526,0.00148342,0.0006609055,0.0002113584,0.000002515225,0.0003643129,0.00003054431,0.9659972,0.000006398108,0.000001142026,0.03107778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000494035,0.00001074168,0.0001065,0.0001861238,0.000215115,0.000007340993,0.0004744336,0.004471179,0.9935387,0.0003340128,0.00003769538,0.0001241238],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998008,0.0004784836,0.0001811372,0.00009269403,0.00003736258,0.000008207857,0.00007664353,0.00002412298,0.00109342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984452,0.00002492714,0.0002016048,0.00001533759,0.00004754933,0.000009471017,0.00001155032,0.00002104089,0.001223368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03095366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3653326,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319439007","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3010009","title":"Influence of Precipitation on the Spatial Distribution of 210Pb, 7Be, 40K and 137Cs in Moss","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Radioactive contamination and transfer","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Radionuclide; Precipitation; Moss; Environmental science; Spatial distribution; Deposition (geology); Washout; Environmental chemistry; Range (aeronautics); Atmospheric sciences; Chemistry; Sediment; Geography; Meteorology; Geology; Ecology; Biology; Physics; Materials science","authors":[{"name":"Kayla Wilkins","is_ca":true},{"name":"Hazel Cathcart","is_ca":true},{"name":"Padraig Hickey","is_ca":false},{"name":"O. Hanley","is_ca":false},{"name":"Luis León Vintró","is_ca":false},{"name":"Julian Aherne","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01033043695947694,"gpt":0.2326956613946363,"spread":0.2223652244351594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000171477,0.00004175361,0.00005904272,0.00002220935,0.00002419414,0.000002990867,0.00005661309,0.00002205016,0.00006136268],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009139552,0.0000312142,0.00001077888,0.0002704477,0.0001091319,0.00008033987,0.00001595181,0.00003859685,0.00002262102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003213986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003921561,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002418844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002394988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995229,0.00004159199,0.0001160411,0.00008873214,0.0001558617,0.0000749232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997922,0.00008376049,0.00003484934,0.00006828569,0.000005494052,0.00001548111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002113338,0.0001988918,0.6334985,0.00003253813,0.00002196119,0.000005511897,0.00550058,0.02199001,0.1460025,0.004040327,0.0001172464,0.1883806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001847455,0.000039371,0.9832194,0.00001504195,0.00000224375,2.550726e-7,0.00005005979,0.002127573,0.01394977,0.0003461778,0.0000346801,0.00003060562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987902,0.000003118389,0.0001408602,0.000299389,0.00001845532,0.0001222086,0.00009056564,0.000005964902,0.0005292476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998958,0.00002212514,0.00000358078,0.00002464637,0.000002803583,0.000005270194,0.00000333143,0.000002443514,0.00004004882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.349721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1272878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4406617986","doi":"10.3390/pollutants5010001","title":"An Integrated Strategy to Treat and Control Acid Mine Drainage from Waste Rock and Underground Workings at the Former Franklin Mine in Nova Scotia, Canada: Field Performance Monitoring","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Nova scotia; Acid mine drainage; Drainage; Mining engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Archaeology; Geography; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Christopher Power","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007900376020548822,"gpt":0.231114720849706,"spread":0.2232143448291572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001238579,0.0001491312,0.0001636044,0.00005092076,0.0001185298,0.00004526501,0.0001463213,0.00006797227,0.0002033023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003260422,0.0001056326,0.00001162325,0.0002647604,0.00003956164,0.0001713614,0.00008610516,0.0001211619,0.000004327945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001997201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003113924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3355899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7297363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991117,0.0000327838,0.0001963425,0.0002665526,0.0001526493,0.0002400401],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996074,0.00008785571,0.00004543492,0.0001729112,0.000006251882,0.00008019139],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003045422,0.00006770426,0.5854525,0.00003137384,0.00003293768,0.00003640596,0.001608189,0.00042541,0.2474597,0.00001137228,0.00119944,0.1633705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001619359,0.0003345767,0.7347974,0.000217867,0.00004426823,0.000006103487,0.002128792,0.00656506,0.2531437,0.000241977,0.000496067,0.0004048582],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966195,0.0003404029,0.000534798,0.001022803,0.00007997829,0.0002687337,0.00003291769,0.00001583121,0.001085074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981412,0.00003982142,0.0001064891,0.0004719245,0.00003821654,0.000008735015,0.000003948634,0.000007739723,0.001181896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3941464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6688344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4309091495","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2040030","title":"Numerical Simulation of Dispersion Patterns and Air Emissions for Optimal Location of New Industries Accounting for Environmental Risks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","keywords":"AERMOD; Pollutant; Environmental science; Air pollution; Criteria air contaminants; Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Pollution; Hazard; Environmental engineering; Meteorology; Air pollutants; Geography","authors":[{"name":"Ali Bseibsu","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam","is_ca":false},{"name":"Kaan Yetilmezsoy","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Almansoori","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ali Elkamel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07545338939578468,"gpt":0.343735431176696,"spread":0.2682820417809114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002210243,0.00006359386,0.0001144916,0.00002199282,0.0002336275,0.000003034475,0.00006682545,0.00003979707,0.0003659749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001226496,0.00006365576,0.00002099218,0.00009824009,0.00004719407,0.0001335512,0.00008723548,0.0000607498,8.5866e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002967071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002535941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000506009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992704,0.00002659725,0.0002218016,0.0001377165,0.0001916911,0.0001518413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995213,0.0001383596,0.0001777589,0.00007622302,0.000002895058,0.00008350126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004164999,0.0001991994,0.2699926,0.0001126016,0.00001206329,1.498253e-7,0.003566392,0.4185413,0.00364714,0.00001653893,0.0004782148,0.3030174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009185589,0.0004499123,0.7078575,0.00002847118,0.00002569733,0.000001484117,0.002081857,0.282086,0.004004227,0.0001254386,0.002293616,0.000127232],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9555489,0.00003348453,0.04289464,0.0006727937,0.00003893763,0.0004137142,0.000377084,0.000006269281,0.00001416016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998509,0.000005803881,0.001162269,0.0001766477,0.00002322551,0.00001254215,0.00001728265,0.000007875365,0.00008533445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4378649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4007168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4283816450","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2030019","title":"Effectiveness of the National Pollutant Release Inventory as a Policy Tool to Curb Atmospheric Industrial Emissions in Canada","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Legislation; Business; Government (linguistics); Agency (philosophy); Pollutant; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Criteria air contaminants; Clean Air Act; Air quality index; Climate change; Emissions trading; Strengths and weaknesses; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Air pollutants; Air pollution; Political science; Meteorology","authors":[{"name":"Tony R. ‎Walker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02690722196571639,"gpt":0.2501368896380911,"spread":0.2232296676723747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002988117,0.00011572,0.0001806445,0.00006538611,0.0003081485,0.00002288579,0.000290317,0.00001811826,0.0003428607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005987356,0.00009610366,0.00005310456,0.001731331,0.00002605138,0.0001304355,0.0004324675,0.0001432711,0.00001043724],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008295602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001469326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4231761,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08160362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986601,0.00006359315,0.0002514579,0.0001859609,0.000620099,0.0002187168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995918,0.00004638523,0.0001499146,0.0001330431,0.00006201321,0.0000168103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00191103,0.0005548009,0.7639449,0.000323517,0.0002354995,0.00004696811,0.0005835989,0.05919641,0.007240864,0.07358042,0.02408088,0.06830116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001216684,0.00001298085,0.9574647,0.0001206918,0.00001311513,0.000003318865,0.0005783152,0.002692995,0.00009520636,0.004399035,0.03316312,0.0002398716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909869,0.00004018323,0.000002523582,0.002926969,0.0005270255,0.0004149591,0.00005839723,0.00001450312,0.005028494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972244,9.990312e-7,0.000005538133,0.002131033,0.0002458267,0.00006608199,0.000001420672,0.0000123741,0.0003123616],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3415725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9351547,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4211081047","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2010005","title":"Thermally Enhanced Bioremediation of NAPL Polluted Soil-Water Resources","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","keywords":"Bioremediation; Environmental remediation; Biodegradation; Environmental chemistry; Environmental science; Hydrocarbon; Groundwater; Dissolution; Contamination; Soil water; Soil contamination; Environmental engineering; Soil science; Chemistry; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"Brijesh Kumar Yadav","is_ca":false},{"name":"Pankaj Kumar Gupta","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009602409499606725,"gpt":0.2243498217698139,"spread":0.2147474122702072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001541231,0.00006920693,0.00007886549,0.00004265655,0.0001926071,0.000008082545,0.0001542972,0.00002214105,0.03608076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002063347,0.00005501364,0.00003955714,0.0001553993,0.0000721361,0.00009522421,0.0001555855,0.00009442759,0.0002411899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008112936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006716464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000216213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002537504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991543,0.00008171424,0.0001850398,0.0001514759,0.0002623237,0.0001651432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997213,0.00001825498,0.00007820043,0.0001413344,0.000005478226,0.00003538137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005805847,0.00008761355,0.001382397,0.000001325633,0.00001043845,0.000003192462,0.003664262,0.00378849,0.9818281,0.00004381923,0.0003194905,0.008812791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008626897,0.0004418496,0.2551163,0.000006364637,0.00002723139,0.00003014004,0.001720266,0.002983852,0.6974241,0.001797245,0.03919,0.0003999811],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9746221,0.000006570916,0.0001226657,0.0009485915,0.0002207587,0.0001023211,0.00005437055,0.00003611705,0.02388651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964427,0.000002413508,0.00008217889,0.0003740023,0.00002392029,0.00001704007,0.000007104831,0.000005613927,0.003045028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2844041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9648004,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4401579726","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4030026","title":"Synthetic Chemicals as Potential Tracers of Impacts of Fracturing Fluids on Groundwater","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of Canada","keywords":"Sorption; Groundwater; Hydraulic fracturing; Environmental chemistry; Polyethylene glycol; Contamination; Oil shale; Chemistry; Environmental science; Produced water; Adsorption; Geology; Environmental engineering; Petroleum engineering; Organic chemistry; Geotechnical engineering","authors":[{"name":"Dale R. Van Stempvoort","is_ca":true},{"name":"Susan J. Brown","is_ca":true},{"name":"Priyantha B. Kulasekera","is_ca":true},{"name":"Pamela Collins","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00438816488322129,"gpt":0.2164943417596757,"spread":0.2121061768764544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001032034,0.000142841,0.0001739529,0.00001030233,0.00002817064,0.00001193042,0.0001598852,0.00007781055,0.003301385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001430025,0.0001151747,0.00009892166,0.0001138883,0.0002411483,0.0001226621,0.00009694906,0.0001066013,0.0002620628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001612364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000655523,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002137626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002208051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989129,0.00001721907,0.0002382402,0.0002481274,0.0003394065,0.0002440793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996339,0.00002718234,0.0000491674,0.0001968062,8.757211e-7,0.00009208585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001058554,0.0002199907,0.003328531,0.0000675771,0.00006791003,0.00005697732,0.0008373826,0.01615152,0.9114544,0.00006230722,0.00006615071,0.06758137],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007401379,0.0008484702,0.1783012,0.0004480621,0.0001861504,0.0001399133,0.0005470218,0.03710511,0.7771128,0.0025813,0.001213665,0.000776113],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952635,0.0001203039,0.0008475457,0.00009946692,0.0001443416,0.00009096836,0.00001156479,0.00002650009,0.003395764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984088,0.00007255707,0.0009116199,0.00006873912,0.0000213016,0.000002047821,7.54463e-7,0.00002451067,0.0004896843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1749727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976097,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4392706910","doi":"10.3390/pollutants4010010","title":"A Perspective on Plastics and Microplastics Contamination in Garden Soil in British Columbia, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Global Affairs Canada","keywords":"Microplastics; Contamination; Environmental science; Perspective (graphical); Fishery; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Art; Biology; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Isabela Brandolis Alves Falconi","is_ca":false},{"name":"Melanie Mackay","is_ca":false},{"name":"Geety Zafar","is_ca":false},{"name":"Maria Holuszko","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.003829715103842994,"gpt":0.1880098470825672,"spread":0.1841801319787242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001178554,0.00009747694,0.0001370753,0.00005074912,0.00005714414,0.0001655547,0.00007078854,0.00006936636,0.0004733385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002329549,0.0001477692,0.0000122896,0.0002559057,0.00008229369,0.00006267106,0.00005817011,0.0002039651,0.00004216636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001396014,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001393845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8401501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9985053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989136,0.00003567274,0.000195933,0.0003350326,0.0002270673,0.0002927314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995856,0.0002346271,0.00002710717,0.00006639391,0.000006007012,0.00008031949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002169169,0.0006999868,0.780693,0.0002519543,0.0001054068,0.006125539,0.007704513,0.01756476,0.0190687,0.001220575,0.03562372,0.130725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005218959,0.00008330879,0.9743276,0.0002572291,0.00001115593,0.00008595471,0.000566237,0.02158648,0.00009617263,0.0003962315,0.001825551,0.0002422098],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956794,0.000142479,0.0001551809,0.0001074626,0.0004594569,0.0001363004,0.0004785697,0.00001478022,0.002826358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987015,0.00007086307,0.00005612142,0.00009294904,0.00003389728,0.000004854162,0.000003178374,0.00001441655,0.001022199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1936346,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6025855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3131578892","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1010004","title":"Multivariable 3D Geovisualization of Historic and Contemporary Lead Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Bathymetry; Sediment; Contamination; Environmental science; Context (archaeology); Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Oceanography; Remote sensing; Geomorphology; Ecology","authors":[{"name":"K. Wayne Forsythe","is_ca":true},{"name":"Danielle E. Ford","is_ca":true},{"name":"Chris Marvin","is_ca":true},{"name":"Richard Ross Shaker","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael W. MacDonald","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ryan Wilkinson","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02953870186410388,"gpt":0.234552527529824,"spread":0.2050138256657201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001263989,0.00006478839,0.0001304902,0.00001282725,0.00003576339,0.000007664864,0.00003613599,0.00005485595,0.000394536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002930009,0.00003124047,0.00001848809,0.0002280699,0.00002173269,0.00008577219,0.00001306503,0.00003604486,0.000002234627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002086331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001609325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009399223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002993359,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993747,0.00004399701,0.0001966007,0.0001517448,0.0001381729,0.00009474039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997911,0.00004878937,0.0000598163,0.00002525822,0.00004025815,0.00003478088],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007299008,0.000354136,0.2800446,0.00002617477,0.00001121371,0.00002756864,0.0006492457,0.000004670142,0.6490875,0.0003940506,0.0003670878,0.0689608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006390199,0.0000962921,0.9540852,0.00005228742,0.000005957964,0.000002425359,0.0004031259,0.0005198008,0.02199197,0.0000598206,0.02202896,0.0001150901],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975651,0.00049693,0.00001852284,0.0003310847,0.0001446194,0.0001009963,0.0001496515,0.00001787243,0.001175234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989652,0.00007112194,0.00003537881,0.0001550671,0.00002262899,0.000004056824,0.00009181911,6.188432e-7,0.000654113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6740407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4319893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288068827","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2030021","title":"Comment on Giacosa et al. Characterization of Annual Air Emissions Reported by Pulp and Paper Mills in Atlantic Canada. Pollutants 2022, 2, 135–155","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Environmental Policies and Emissions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Pollutant; Pulp (tooth); Air pollutants; Environmental science; Emission inventory; Waste management; Engineering; Air pollution; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Alicia Berthiaume","is_ca":true},{"name":"Anne Monette","is_ca":true},{"name":"Jody Rosenberger","is_ca":true},{"name":"Bernard Lupien","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005814684243821853,"gpt":0.2147313211850778,"spread":0.208916636941256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002418495,0.0001935724,0.0002348579,0.00004283485,0.0003942645,0.00001045128,0.0002298577,0.00004156153,0.003289112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004860825,0.0001837194,0.0000317702,0.0002235827,0.0001148188,0.0001788217,0.0005693774,0.0002411728,0.000005687886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004334871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004460596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1249536,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02946851,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981006,0.0001198494,0.0004274181,0.0003762949,0.0006016656,0.0003742178],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991402,0.00003915336,0.0002410753,0.0003632409,0.000002006469,0.0002143346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009933705,0.0005285481,0.1034266,0.000007877808,0.00002926033,0.00008568374,0.0008474974,0.0002417626,0.7952527,0.00002804838,0.09354751,0.005905159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000604694,0.0001091771,0.8524933,0.00003408508,0.00001244932,0.0000296521,0.0005859002,0.000260759,0.004231576,0.00002947922,0.1413458,0.0002631473],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9549196,0.00002894996,0.00000275913,0.04008145,0.0001387192,0.0002703789,0.003785592,0.00001115298,0.0007613864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9705248,0.0002289478,0.00001651883,0.02847925,0.000006366162,0.00001923775,0.00006914754,0.00002293795,0.000632767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7910212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997622,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"low"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":true,"confidence":"low"}],"label_agreement":"agree"},{"id":"W4408161141","doi":"10.3390/pollutants5010006","title":"Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils During Dry and Rainy Seasons in Southern Malawi","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Apportionment; Wet season; Heavy metals; Dry season; Environmental science; Soil water; Geography; Environmental chemistry; Soil science; Chemistry","authors":[{"name":"Constance Chifuniro Utsale","is_ca":false},{"name":"Chikumbusko Chiziwa Kaonga","is_ca":false},{"name":"Fabiano Gibson Daud Thulu","is_ca":false},{"name":"Petra Chiipa","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe Kosamu","is_ca":false}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.00805486888200578,"gpt":0.2588009099476519,"spread":0.2507460410656461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009866408,0.0001730448,0.000311935,0.0001086173,0.0000698404,0.00001656712,0.0001196037,0.00007475258,0.0003368227],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000642616,0.0001683106,0.00003369305,0.0002408228,0.0002606551,0.0001181579,0.0003782074,0.0001791056,0.00001483433],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002810609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001638908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005738645,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005836322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983176,0.0002128244,0.0003970688,0.0004189772,0.0003118672,0.0003416806],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999432,0.00007252503,0.0001339614,0.0002629692,0.00000110431,0.00009743703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001755438,0.0001320121,0.9727388,0.00002586066,0.00002232687,0.000007173904,0.0007173941,0.002714943,0.01047187,0.00001392781,0.000002697211,0.01313546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007482003,0.00002213386,0.9923353,0.0000639935,0.00002514111,0.000002323437,0.0007752643,0.003016848,0.002502632,0.0002646235,0.0001018375,0.0001416956],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99709,0.0002414018,0.0005233568,0.0002346225,0.00003674175,0.000361463,0.00005235588,0.00001154651,0.001448454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971136,0.0003837675,0.001560255,0.00005688655,0.000004714223,0.00003274933,6.114955e-7,0.00001340187,0.0008340279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01959653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6863506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4288053103","doi":"10.3390/pollutants2030022","title":"Reply to Berthiaume et al. Comment on “Giacosa et al. Characterization of Annual Air Emissions Reported by Pulp and Paper Mills in Atlantic Canada. Pollutants 2022, 2, 135–155”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Air pollutants; Pollutant; Environmental science; Pulp (tooth); Environmental chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Air pollution; Engineering; Organic chemistry; Medicine","authors":[{"name":"Gianina Giacosa","is_ca":true},{"name":"Codey Barnett","is_ca":true},{"name":"Daniel Rainham","is_ca":true},{"name":"Tony R. ‎Walker","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0167662645438909,"gpt":0.2809168899932606,"spread":0.2641506254493697,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001130468,0.0002210474,0.0003429948,0.00007724622,0.0003964512,0.00001824068,0.0002494771,0.00004686749,0.001456434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000324352,0.0002206431,0.00002830948,0.000412462,0.00006811342,0.0002960984,0.0004346479,0.0003604728,0.000008937779],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000565098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002446029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2680388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1042538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970013,0.0003797038,0.0006993201,0.0005307786,0.0008615819,0.0005273352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985712,0.00009727307,0.0003846642,0.0004915444,0.00001025386,0.0004450225],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005080085,0.00067224,0.0591756,0.00002895216,0.00004054322,0.0001622929,0.00455534,0.0002269523,0.1027167,0.00007032698,0.8170712,0.01477187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005240095,0.000208961,0.5983698,0.00005492883,0.000006784485,0.00002392904,0.0003197255,0.0001904204,0.0007909811,0.00002110943,0.3992709,0.0002184605],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6129754,0.00001728083,0.0000121358,0.3828723,0.0001597988,0.000435443,0.003247036,0.00001521996,0.0002654116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.603108,0.00009965061,0.0000352848,0.3964366,0.000003848824,0.00001815021,0.00004722529,0.00001665426,0.0002345988],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5391942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994563,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3134142404","doi":"10.3390/pollutants1010006","title":"Pollutants—Focus on Solving Environmental Pollution Problems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pollutants","topic":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Pollutant; Environmental science; Pollution; Natural (archaeology); Environmental protection; Contamination; Water pollution; Air pollution; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Ecology; Chemistry; Geography; Biology","authors":[{"name":"Ali Elkamel","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02099052632696589,"gpt":0.2435607285723699,"spread":0.222570202245404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003934361,0.0003173563,0.0002684975,0.00006165508,0.0004408893,0.0000897748,0.0002715685,0.0001479867,0.01807723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004192737,0.000307136,0.0001437695,0.0003461298,0.000206624,0.0003241734,0.0003326524,0.0002744489,0.005079048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006372094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004150615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001248942,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001687424,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970329,0.0002511603,0.0004486151,0.0006801755,0.000781493,0.0008056611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989946,0.00003651476,0.0001519091,0.0005349551,0.000003383682,0.0002786255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000174148,0.002059897,0.01890701,0.00003701827,0.0001799756,0.0004238313,0.004340787,0.004791518,0.6172177,0.004616539,0.004494468,0.3427571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002554294,0.0004027642,0.7582291,0.0001458719,0.00008389138,0.000283726,0.0007864797,0.001756103,0.1707513,0.01042954,0.05300291,0.001574076],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9157006,0.0003557253,0.001218093,0.01090899,0.001210166,0.0006305366,0.001451363,0.0003184597,0.06820609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992281,0.00008789563,0.0005558805,0.002017633,0.0001199247,0.00001577601,0.00001122255,0.00003651719,0.004874211],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7393221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}