{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":19,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":19,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"0df32b1b70e7","filters":{"venue":"Positioning"}},"results":[{"id":"W2005595047","doi":"10.4236/pos.2014.54013","title":"Single Point Positioning Using GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou Satellites","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Central South University; Université Laval","keywords":"Global Positioning System; GLONASS; Pseudorange; Precise Point Positioning; Geodesy; BeiDou Navigation Satellite System; Remote sensing; Real Time Kinematic; Satellite; GNSS applications; Computer science; Satellite navigation; Elevation (ballistics); Dilution of precision; Geography; Telecommunications; Mathematics; Engineering; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01151533885152697,"gpt":0.202348476810071,"spread":0.190833137958544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001699106,0.0002032137,0.0001895598,0.0001221622,0.0003462557,0.0002913903,0.0001258908,0.00008777442,0.00003791077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004821705,0.0002327067,0.00005035274,0.0001447357,0.00006237111,0.0003950807,0.00005840075,0.0001934563,0.00003477768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001084101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006316514,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003987147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003723521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989696,0.00005058845,0.0002601727,0.0002434782,0.0001415825,0.0003345711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994459,0.0001000982,0.00004484587,0.0002290444,0.00006563075,0.0001144838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001959929,0.0000817461,0.003244679,0.0002023458,0.0001201044,0.000008954629,0.001796868,0.04283015,0.9220402,0.01662708,0.0004221193,0.01260618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008558157,0.0003472012,0.009457132,0.001676084,0.0001454967,0.0005736219,0.0002765844,0.6755789,0.298542,0.01041195,0.0009417572,0.001193488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8814976,0.0007956495,0.08695726,0.0001511952,0.0003255783,0.00009387967,0.000008589898,0.0005684205,0.02960178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9755805,0.00002171768,0.02394126,0.0001454882,0.0001873593,0.000007886901,0.00003833642,0.00004398855,0.00003344722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6327487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9489505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1577933189","doi":"10.4236/pos.2015.63003","title":"A Simulation of Signal Collisions over the North Atlantic for a Spaceborne ADS-B Receiver Using Aloha Protocol","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Aloha; Payload (computing); SIGNAL (programming language); Global Positioning System; Computer science; Real-time computing; Ground station; Satellite; Air traffic control; Protocol (science); GPS signals; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Assisted GPS; Computer network; Network packet; Engineering; Geography; Throughput; Aerospace engineering; Wireless","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03889671013741668,"gpt":0.2978482154858598,"spread":0.2589515053484431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008358936,0.00006883392,0.00007981525,0.00003585899,0.0001101007,0.00003068132,0.00006076928,0.00002933306,0.000005630929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006657391,0.00005814335,0.00003453173,0.0001642259,0.00001830493,0.00007100574,0.00001266755,0.00005224759,0.000004305977],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004520879,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002763451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003027813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003016964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995583,0.00001082021,0.0001458873,0.00007568959,0.00009853159,0.0001108006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999391,0.0003309615,0.00004704091,0.00009996135,0.00008693795,0.00004407155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009995339,0.00001819836,0.002355493,0.0000175925,0.00001475482,2.885559e-7,0.0001659044,0.9958724,0.000809076,0.0004139584,0.0002454504,0.00007684856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004214286,0.00002486491,0.003750246,0.00005857087,0.00003141558,0.000001349774,0.00002344834,0.992471,0.001073986,0.000581892,0.001485658,0.0000761794],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8440302,0.000004181214,0.1420113,0.00004883172,0.00003002735,0.01350084,0.00005444508,0.00005392461,0.0002662296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984278,3.58225e-7,0.006878794,0.00001544916,0.00006668609,0.00870348,0.00003708522,0.00001575667,0.000004376524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1402478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2371017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2083501029","doi":"10.4236/pos.2013.43023","title":"Map Aided Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using Buildings Information for Indoor Navigation Applications","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary","keywords":"Dead reckoning; Map matching; Computer science; GNSS applications; Turn-by-turn navigation; Inertial navigation system; Navigation system; Mobile robot navigation; Real-time computing; Geospatial analysis; Air navigation; GNSS augmentation; Satellite navigation; Mobile mapping; Global Positioning System; Artificial intelligence; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Geography; Mobile robot; Orientation (vector space)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009373178067123707,"gpt":0.2251430448657802,"spread":0.2157698667986565,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009648608,0.0001332355,0.0001166241,0.0001898341,0.0003516577,0.0002328452,0.0001180027,0.0001326611,0.00003235337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003212807,0.0001528628,0.00004987712,0.0002354322,0.00002741021,0.001248299,0.00002084823,0.0001209313,0.0001055526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000154148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001632451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006093779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001122217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999207,0.000008200243,0.0003260233,0.0001077195,0.0001086695,0.0002424055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995165,0.00005124809,0.0000841993,0.0001424332,0.0001636222,0.00004195886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003105824,0.00005859897,0.006142949,0.001861847,0.0002226041,0.000001155972,0.003629811,0.3341449,0.1614826,0.06237265,0.005272667,0.4247791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001418141,0.00007238134,0.0008684992,0.0003726125,0.00009138955,0.00003428166,0.001667845,0.73501,0.2188873,0.01528844,0.02540677,0.0008823664],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.112885,0.0000979723,0.8843492,0.0001078524,0.0001573609,0.0008371229,0.00001873537,0.0009265194,0.0006202334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.938846,0.000009647131,0.05985717,0.00007688641,0.0001081957,0.0006363004,0.0004248002,0.00002731404,0.00001369305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8259609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6233564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1972416446","doi":"10.4236/pos.2015.61001","title":"PPP Accuracy Enhancement Using GPS/GLONASS Observations in Kinematic Mode","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"GLONASS; Real Time Kinematic; Global Positioning System; GNSS applications; Geodesy; Satellite; Kinematics; Remote sensing; Computer science; Galileo (satellite navigation); Precise Point Positioning; Geography; Telecommunications; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08618091251015288,"gpt":0.3015251751388515,"spread":0.2153442626286986,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001155041,0.0001208851,0.0001317149,0.0001084198,0.00007451911,0.00008699748,0.0001048867,0.00004543041,0.00002487615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006414772,0.0001389692,0.00002856555,0.0002259318,0.00001485987,0.0003996157,0.00002455713,0.0001430149,0.00005300248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002629854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002880234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001480699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002744033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991933,0.00002591992,0.0002751737,0.0001307844,0.0001476742,0.0002271415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996195,0.00004743242,0.0000367529,0.0001499834,0.00007065773,0.00007567021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000593191,0.00006485631,0.00154041,0.00007249616,0.00002597218,0.000006008825,0.002480121,0.9157035,0.07612137,0.003047804,0.0005275753,0.0004038963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003428211,0.00002977587,0.002688143,0.0005490894,0.00001583672,0.0000162172,0.0002176752,0.9787397,0.01544192,0.001672141,0.00006635839,0.0002203482],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.868466,0.0001667748,0.1220299,0.00009923085,0.000277133,0.0001174525,0.000004890142,0.0001671645,0.008671433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809133,0.000006676922,0.01880793,0.00006910992,0.00005901037,0.00003670283,0.00004053988,0.00002000291,0.00004675243],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1124473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5666999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2165732412","doi":"10.4236/pos.2012.34007","title":"Direct RF Sampling GNSS Receiver Design and Jitter Analysis","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"Jitter; GNSS applications; Sampling (signal processing); Computer science; Electronic engineering; SIGNAL (programming language); Radio frequency; Engineering; Global Positioning System; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02772498358514694,"gpt":0.2595681969157677,"spread":0.2318432133306208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009787263,0.00007902489,0.0001028007,0.0001124421,0.0000977673,0.00002678745,0.00004314859,0.00004041228,0.00004080531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001328538,0.0000773486,0.00002600243,0.0002193786,0.00002085114,0.0002279042,0.00002393584,0.00006897441,0.00001178239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003108402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":7.562176e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002314124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.431246e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995782,0.00000853964,0.00008418983,0.00008129448,0.00005364679,0.0001941727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997916,0.00006122179,0.00001433296,0.0000939772,0.00000960864,0.00002920976],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002696593,0.00007882487,0.1606641,0.0001209987,0.002847879,0.000008014961,0.003318646,0.6463643,0.07061794,0.002311497,0.001345955,0.1122948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001499389,0.0001862988,0.2551786,0.0004197013,0.003892128,0.00006610776,0.001723501,0.2618226,0.4414033,0.005528416,0.02491333,0.003366663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1499399,0.001173564,0.8453314,0.00002422004,0.0001151064,0.00005422548,0.000002357958,0.0004588976,0.00290038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9265425,0.0001042909,0.07319829,0.00002952775,0.0000440883,0.00001349681,0.000006465805,0.00001071743,0.00005060029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7766027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3154185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2613185348","doi":"10.4236/pos.2017.81001","title":"The CanX-7 Nanosatellite ADS-B Mission: A Preliminary Assessment","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Payload (computing); Satellite; Remote sensing; Antenna (radio); Radar; Secondary surveillance radar; Computer science; Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast; Communications satellite; Orbit (dynamics); Ground station; Telecommunications; Geography; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Aviation","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0103714372572361,"gpt":0.2633066224104775,"spread":0.2529351851532414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009924272,0.0000844112,0.00007091875,0.00002629894,0.0009757282,0.0001842409,0.0002538084,0.00006708437,0.0000241444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002016635,0.00006619897,0.00003183706,0.00002653914,0.00005831979,0.00009630031,0.00004934395,0.0001588604,0.00003037431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005188123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001388818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000247335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007325593,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995142,0.00001156236,0.00009408517,0.00009665777,0.00008634615,0.0001972123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994549,0.00003675214,0.00003341141,0.0004147677,0.00001878093,0.0000413519],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008857249,0.00008645005,0.01275736,0.0001447767,0.0004057396,0.0004284242,0.001024945,0.004233385,0.2604912,0.05638994,0.01809311,0.6458561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001733496,0.0005594967,0.3312355,0.0007157621,0.0001494894,0.0004793952,0.0005968505,0.2845689,0.1716899,0.01399133,0.1929547,0.001325164],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.664965,0.008098578,0.05593675,0.01300005,0.003794378,0.0008738763,0.00001190913,0.002954585,0.2503649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971771,0.0001472303,0.001912144,0.00002969538,0.00007132047,0.00002084218,0.000003261156,0.00001753188,0.0006208919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.644531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.750461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2118382509","doi":"10.4236/pos.2015.64009","title":"Integration of Multi-Constellation GNSS Precise Point Positioning and MEMS-Based Inertial Systems Using Tightly Coupled Mechanization","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Pseudorange; Precise Point Positioning; Computer science; Global Positioning System; Inertial navigation system; GLONASS; Inertial measurement unit; GNSS augmentation; Satellite system; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; Inertial frame of reference; Telecommunications; Geography; Artificial intelligence; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0396775501351113,"gpt":0.2502045602126893,"spread":0.210527010077578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002781518,0.0001863703,0.000224619,0.0002351736,0.0001447753,0.0001560344,0.00006855263,0.0001194253,0.000008569086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005192825,0.0002029758,0.00003748005,0.0002478915,0.00004225158,0.0004806231,0.00001861106,0.0001389999,0.000004581575],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001985697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004336226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002074626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008839583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988817,0.00006804148,0.0004468524,0.0002004063,0.0002212112,0.0001817838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991966,0.00005499506,0.0001419188,0.0001435035,0.0003595603,0.0001034566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002765814,0.00002890032,0.0001826115,0.00006915835,0.00002463236,0.000001291323,0.000738112,0.6035306,0.3943218,0.0007774922,0.00001899554,0.0002787793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006849205,0.0000861497,0.0002130052,0.0006966779,0.00005380081,0.00003876719,0.0002438557,0.896364,0.1013508,0.00007681757,0.000002377181,0.0001889132],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4619929,0.0002824588,0.5363772,0.00001302876,0.0003439804,0.0001924595,0.00000987033,0.0001743028,0.0006138409],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872358,0.000006763771,0.01243512,0.00001318318,0.00008235571,0.00001087154,0.0001716849,0.00003512565,0.000009054188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.525243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8277114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1527355223","doi":"10.4236/pos.2015.62002","title":"An Improved Model for Single-Frequency GPS/GALILEO Precise Point Positioning","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Galileo (satellite navigation); Global Positioning System; Precise Point Positioning; Geodesy; Satellite; Computer science; Constellation; UTC offset; Time to first fix; Medium Earth orbit; Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Assisted GPS; Real-time computing; GPS signals; Geography; Telecommunications; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Geostationary orbit","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.03733868960597004,"gpt":0.2544855507420689,"spread":0.2171468611360989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002593101,0.0002668393,0.0002288806,0.0001427465,0.000257735,0.000313585,0.0002378419,0.0001344727,0.00001557486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005974612,0.0003078368,0.0001003031,0.0001481,0.00004119233,0.0009774442,0.00002286608,0.000208159,0.0000306084],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003061717,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005017425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003672564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001236098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985811,0.00003477461,0.0003866395,0.0003444648,0.0001795196,0.0004735112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989495,0.00004561769,0.00006866118,0.0003470289,0.0002980223,0.0002911491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006369609,0.0001729696,0.000103778,0.00008406885,0.00007035813,0.000003858221,0.003961576,0.4629336,0.5241849,0.005565548,0.001113526,0.001742084],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006313166,0.0003644857,0.00004485028,0.0002018417,0.00004828793,0.00005762307,0.0001719227,0.9499473,0.03967826,0.008437721,0.00001427005,0.0004021464],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1264059,0.0002891856,0.8447366,0.0001218699,0.0005345509,0.0004192441,0.00008834078,0.001138311,0.02626603],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9374701,0.000003438971,0.06154806,0.0001147677,0.0002268067,0.0001848646,0.0002707183,0.00007974419,0.0001015277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8110642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2966233212","doi":"10.4236/pos.2019.101001","title":"The CanX-7 ADS-B Mission: Signal Propagation Assessment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Satellite Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Canadian Forces College; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Nadir; Satellite; Geodesy; Remote sensing; Antenna (radio); SIGNAL (programming language); Geology; Telecommunications; Physics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01086386481889641,"gpt":0.2514331951757702,"spread":0.2405693303568738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000229161,0.00006741588,0.00006143111,0.00002536167,0.0001886953,0.0001102912,0.0001534793,0.00003114518,0.00009798416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004080024,0.00005333033,0.00002512089,0.0001028754,0.00001063093,0.0001091631,0.00002293297,0.0001208964,0.000210686],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001246416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001997461,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009159307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002356168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994212,0.00005550229,0.000167585,0.00007472161,0.0001592958,0.0001217237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994813,0.0001107969,0.00003376094,0.0002912283,0.00004996949,0.00003292956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003247575,0.00007298127,0.04049768,0.0004077359,0.0003061547,0.000007396893,0.004140161,0.1591203,0.5553329,0.03967877,0.00352348,0.1968799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007964707,0.00009177731,0.04889142,0.0006060913,0.00002873045,0.00006613117,0.001270395,0.7248921,0.03846079,0.000674005,0.1835767,0.0006453305],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6113434,0.008884883,0.04651776,0.001956494,0.002366721,0.001839581,0.00000956129,0.001599437,0.3254821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984757,0.00006240136,0.0008125611,0.00002636115,0.00006824599,0.00002352443,0.00002031806,0.000017012,0.0004939223],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5657718,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2708013,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2139458832","doi":"10.4236/pos.2013.42017","title":"Analysis of GNSS Interference Impact on Society and Evaluation of Spectrum Protection Strategies","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Safety and Risk Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"GNSS applications; Satellite system; Computer science; GNSS augmentation; Interference (communication); Electromagnetic interference; Systems engineering; Telecommunications; Engineering; Global Positioning System","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02738406800878108,"gpt":0.2774275800351288,"spread":0.2500435120263477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003829127,0.00007144119,0.0001288601,0.0002105713,0.00008113491,0.0001091347,0.00004632759,0.00002478399,0.000334139],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001145803,0.00005715475,0.00009673191,0.0004980334,0.00003013173,0.0006841706,0.00003476506,0.00004695287,0.000008157972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003080315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009034936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00227453,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004713406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994162,0.00001375766,0.0001636059,0.000117415,0.0002086806,0.00008038341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995234,0.00001421381,0.0002046149,0.00008981041,0.0001640863,0.000003873415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003222467,0.0007148426,0.1559902,0.001191374,0.006937502,7.403747e-7,0.003086412,0.5587985,0.03865806,0.07204486,0.0004914703,0.1617638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001693508,0.00002952114,0.5949559,0.00007031223,0.000702338,9.188097e-8,0.0008017781,0.3985637,0.0003682154,0.004274728,0.000002888719,0.00006130135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900606,0.00003503024,0.004792552,0.0002042915,0.00003336613,0.0002755245,0.000001014433,0.00001801747,0.004579617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997793,0.000009028337,0.00006513552,0.00003869756,0.00005674121,0.00002332779,0.00001516953,0.000003939864,0.000008600322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4389656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3658588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2976336558","doi":"10.4236/pos.2019.103003","title":"Real-Time GPS/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Using NAVCAST Real-Time Corrections","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Galileo (satellite navigation); Global Positioning System; Precise Point Positioning; Geodesy; Computer science; Real-time computing; Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Geography; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.008518972456246728,"gpt":0.2246292300061677,"spread":0.2161102575499209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002516239,0.0003974205,0.0004120415,0.0003055147,0.0005376018,0.0003599177,0.000311225,0.0001970326,0.001578127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003725658,0.0004778293,0.0001851482,0.0004596887,0.00005928668,0.000814761,0.0001021323,0.0004032706,0.002987261],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005007407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005142055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003771666,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003812311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978762,0.00009944251,0.000559609,0.0004942935,0.0003197804,0.0006506571],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986932,0.0001493769,0.0001287438,0.0006323334,0.0001944306,0.000201956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003625336,0.00007522234,0.000870605,0.00007702159,0.000132656,0.00001332818,0.001163325,0.1088965,0.8856236,0.0008074447,0.001981557,0.0003225626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001096312,0.0003751582,0.006117364,0.002779463,0.0002392796,0.0005879343,0.0003783271,0.9076334,0.07811245,0.0009408359,0.0001706264,0.001568898],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8263984,0.00004981329,0.004215561,0.00005516811,0.000903019,0.0003414532,0.0000551971,0.001360318,0.1666211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9850533,0.00005809491,0.01207291,0.00003440937,0.0002938055,0.00004118083,0.0002493505,0.0001297019,0.002067269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8075111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997674,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2090247558","doi":"10.4236/pos.2013.42014","title":"Acquisition of Weak Signals in Multi-Constellation Frequency Domain Receivers","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Centre de Géomatique du Québec; 3v Geomatics (Canada); École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies","keywords":"Fast Fourier transform; GNSS applications; Computer science; GPS signals; Frequency domain; Global Positioning System; Real-time computing; Electronic engineering; Algorithm; Assisted GPS; Telecommunications; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01263020034052699,"gpt":0.2202860776878673,"spread":0.2076558773473403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009262446,0.00009752936,0.0001228315,0.0001609721,0.00004550142,0.00003649325,0.00006751037,0.00006978366,0.0003526643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006669823,0.0001125187,0.00003628576,0.0001744878,0.00003186557,0.0003690073,0.00000828843,0.0001103768,0.0001001823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008870123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007461867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002074806,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000943755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999323,0.00003769785,0.0002697515,0.0001154278,0.00009228168,0.0001618584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997153,0.00004229141,0.00004600458,0.00009821356,0.00006167821,0.00003654025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006138392,0.0000700988,0.01361795,0.00009576836,0.00003515689,0.000002073541,0.00191841,0.08510756,0.8937405,0.003013262,0.0003561157,0.002037027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002949572,0.0003214757,0.317883,0.003291189,0.00005091697,0.00006219429,0.00292429,0.3452653,0.2947845,0.03116442,0.00003849076,0.001264673],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9213474,0.0001572947,0.0243336,0.00005345264,0.0001315904,0.0001700159,0.000006138533,0.0001250027,0.05367554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879583,0.00001636701,0.01190713,0.00001959626,0.0000198821,0.0000153575,0.0000331542,0.00001355526,0.0000167264],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5989559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4588381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2351330595","doi":"10.4236/pos.2016.72006","title":"Improved Between-Satellite Single-Difference Precise Point Positioning Model Using Triple GNSS Constellations: GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Galileo (satellite navigation); Global Positioning System; Precise Point Positioning; GNSS applications; Satellite; Computer science; Constellation; Geodesy; Remote sensing; Real-time computing; Geography; Telecommunications; Engineering; Physics; Aerospace engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.030394788485335,"gpt":0.2339706831487277,"spread":0.2035758946633927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001978615,0.0003488076,0.0003450573,0.0002226781,0.0004491077,0.0002965259,0.0001595104,0.0001716649,0.00003767771],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005894829,0.0003226994,0.00008950783,0.0002058975,0.0001485837,0.0006398361,0.00007071136,0.0002279151,0.00001883795],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000252578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000360717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000284288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005582902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982035,0.00006864966,0.0005589653,0.0004450437,0.0002050534,0.0005187468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989783,0.0002352837,0.0001208523,0.00030326,0.0001586555,0.0002036604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003702061,0.00005439924,0.003510408,0.0001085991,0.0001334273,0.000004335449,0.001014418,0.01399661,0.9559532,0.001877554,0.0000549553,0.02325511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001734399,0.000244291,0.004462648,0.003182251,0.0002466327,0.0001685931,0.0001620185,0.7598583,0.2218173,0.006800741,0.00004795714,0.001274919],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5657334,0.0008311128,0.4274676,0.0001208257,0.0002126099,0.0002606354,0.00008915264,0.0005038548,0.004780857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821392,0.0001173526,0.01722085,0.00004846185,0.0001561749,0.00002651734,0.00005147856,0.00006666991,0.000173351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7458616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999225,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2286525116","doi":"10.4236/pos.2016.71005","title":"A Simulation of Reflected ADS-B Signals over the North Atlantic for a Spaceborne Receiver","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"SIGNAL (programming language); Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast; Sensitivity (control systems); Satellite; Computer science; Remote sensing; Air traffic control; Radio receiver design; Position (finance); Power (physics); Telecommunications; Engineering; Geography; Physics; Aerospace engineering; Electronic engineering; Transmitter","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02017151220070727,"gpt":0.2631280847698874,"spread":0.2429565725691802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008820668,0.00007412096,0.0001031791,0.00004757942,0.00008798854,0.00001264376,0.00004770411,0.00002320586,0.00003278834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001203054,0.00004671548,0.00004239226,0.0001365445,0.00002639311,0.0001024651,0.00000891554,0.00003041651,0.000009844087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004518736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005506728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005423367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001879879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995213,0.00002126392,0.000159888,0.00008345628,0.00009622768,0.0001178541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992065,0.0005113284,0.00005150738,0.0001022608,0.0001126237,0.00001579137],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000914007,0.00002154192,0.02071956,0.0001369427,0.0003329835,0.000001209843,0.001622047,0.8271925,0.1424218,0.0006311982,0.001493438,0.005335406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002302643,0.0001789716,0.3160242,0.0005963171,0.0002009355,0.000005093914,0.00007633617,0.6416499,0.03371103,0.002471901,0.002264371,0.0005183195],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7664327,0.0001289437,0.2322998,0.0001765058,0.00007242578,0.0002794348,0.0000170852,0.0001089724,0.0004841257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986381,0.000016993,0.00113059,0.00002380081,0.00007553306,0.00004086794,0.000008265218,0.00001748135,0.00004837464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2953046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1905002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2883537651","doi":"10.4236/pos.2018.93003","title":"New Strategy of Collaborative Acquisition for Connected GNSS Receivers in Deep Urban Environments","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; École de technologie supérieure","keywords":"GNSS applications; Computer science; Satellite system; Satellite navigation; Real-time computing; SIGNAL (programming language); Position (finance); Global Positioning System; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.005691251104985503,"gpt":0.2152555985678939,"spread":0.2095643474629084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004161692,0.00007443246,0.00009934143,0.0001046421,0.0000507721,0.00001387371,0.00005906979,0.00007860144,0.00007637583],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001774645,0.00008626693,0.00001732688,0.0002432488,0.00004070723,0.0001252836,0.000007947227,0.0000414458,0.000008214176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008245512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001240864,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001315077,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002664867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995547,0.00001099448,0.0001536984,0.00009245806,0.00006035058,0.0001278091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999805,0.00003033447,0.00003486476,0.00007338141,0.00003628496,0.00002008616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005165663,0.0001483217,0.01004758,0.0002914817,0.0003599607,0.00001204121,0.01674709,0.2714546,0.5406729,0.0571131,0.007372418,0.09526391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001736111,0.0003504374,0.0104464,0.0001333976,0.00002933916,0.000002014115,0.002246384,0.06621522,0.9142011,0.003440811,0.0008921273,0.0003066226],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3436479,0.0002989096,0.6504432,0.0000406415,0.0002316672,0.0004751081,0.00004454857,0.000279682,0.004538339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947595,0.00001703607,0.005040964,0.00001478472,0.00004398036,0.00001595197,0.00005857178,0.00001275198,0.00003647255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6511115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3517863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3120395973","doi":"10.4236/pos.2020.114004","title":"Monocular VO Scale Ambiguity Resolution Using an Ultra Low-Cost Spike Rangefinder","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; Monocular; RANSAC; Visual odometry; Orientation (vector space); Trajectory; Feature (linguistics); Structure from motion; Bundle adjustment; Scale (ratio); Photogrammetry; Mathematics; Motion estimation; Image (mathematics); Geography; Robot","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04579839105571466,"gpt":0.2992141648143298,"spread":0.2534157737586152,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001455429,0.0001207941,0.0001260887,0.00005396817,0.0004218962,0.0002589805,0.000327734,0.0000393676,0.00001783915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003145754,0.0001328157,0.00005687203,0.000352416,0.00003385193,0.001494245,0.00007351996,0.0001704486,0.00004549256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006727688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002955078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005446259,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000242644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988214,0.00007437367,0.0001889021,0.0004091804,0.0002302299,0.0002758892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993576,0.00001650096,0.00007607025,0.0002798181,0.0000781047,0.0001918474],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004639397,0.0002102278,0.002388419,0.00005818535,0.00002218051,0.00007912498,0.005517032,0.05687554,0.7098157,0.003156998,0.0002767275,0.2215535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003502927,0.00003163308,0.001710699,0.00006612998,0.0000067589,0.00002265729,0.00006424227,0.9489305,0.04774927,0.0004903435,0.0003745104,0.0002029958],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04257549,0.00008163439,0.9547988,0.001160964,0.0001294612,0.0001183135,0.000002369335,0.0002269398,0.0009060681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7831819,0.000004394306,0.2144241,0.002225069,0.0001277506,0.000003941977,0.000009852167,0.00001205282,0.00001090812],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8920549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5416068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W1978543596","doi":"10.4236/pos.2014.53010","title":"Single Frequency WAAS Augmentation Observations (L1 vs. L5) on a Ground Based GPS L1 C/A Solution","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"GNSS positioning and interference","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Global Positioning System; Computer science; Pseudorange; Differential GPS; Robustness (evolution); Real-time computing; GPS signals; Assisted GPS; GNSS applications; Remote sensing; Telecommunications; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02971246019577542,"gpt":0.2231245593922301,"spread":0.1934120991964547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001465559,0.0001694699,0.0001269797,0.000135366,0.0003488974,0.0001705492,0.0001048957,0.00008467872,0.00007767511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005134376,0.0001981778,0.00006208289,0.000197753,0.00003090274,0.0003859424,0.000009681537,0.0001784279,0.000154538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002724095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001386685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001069866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002897956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989944,0.00006053868,0.0002577855,0.0002143528,0.0001954522,0.0002774479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994845,0.0001010577,0.00005402666,0.0002017739,0.00008572507,0.00007296136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007210664,0.000421629,0.003713232,0.0002195392,0.0001103222,0.000004684418,0.001756974,0.1953079,0.7241778,0.06203616,0.004598682,0.007581046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001392271,0.0008829246,0.09898129,0.0011321,0.0001061275,0.00001852602,0.0001022966,0.7951424,0.0940579,0.00657531,0.0007548247,0.0008540156],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5867389,0.00004705041,0.3833136,0.0005773241,0.000648585,0.0001681289,0.0000168051,0.0007202531,0.02776925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904782,0.000002632434,0.008417949,0.0004241775,0.0001710011,0.00006166574,0.000322221,0.00003455125,0.00008757009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6301199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8081455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2980723633","doi":"10.4236/pos.2019.104004","title":"Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Solutions Using Monocular and Stereo Visual Sensors with Baseline Scaling System","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Humber Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Monocular; Simultaneous localization and mapping; Computer vision; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Trajectory; Stereo cameras; Stereopsis; Stereo camera; Scale (ratio); Geography; Mobile robot; Robot; Physics; Cartography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.007697140086513329,"gpt":0.1952717395560032,"spread":0.1875745994694899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001350758,0.0001413914,0.0001546745,0.000121481,0.0002382461,0.0001210084,0.00002107447,0.00006715138,0.000004231628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001183006,0.0001461409,0.000015379,0.0001773988,0.00002447132,0.0001424129,0.00001660949,0.0000800908,0.000003838943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008890837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008460335,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003493003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002540462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992377,0.00004346263,0.0002000326,0.0001897605,0.0001230676,0.0002059534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996529,0.00007560516,0.0000397536,0.00008709804,0.00007501934,0.00006966426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006372691,0.000004863142,0.001685583,0.0002290259,0.00002746843,0.00001160033,0.0002911891,0.9896407,0.007392209,0.0002074673,8.132852e-7,0.0005027457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003146219,0.00002718004,0.0001213788,0.0004965378,0.00004188962,0.0001034115,0.0007722191,0.9970713,0.0008358571,0.000005319203,0.00001731699,0.0001929827],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4787315,0.0001675768,0.5207682,0.00000618767,0.00004370971,0.000113261,0.000002288253,0.000113645,0.00005362745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9900145,0.00001748301,0.009802455,0.0000222271,0.00005146196,0.000002079404,0.00004222822,0.00003974392,0.000007838634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.511283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5959452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2974654475","doi":"10.4236/pos.2019.102002","title":"Rigid Bridges Health Dynamic Monitoring Using 100 Hz GPS Single-Frequency and Accelerometers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Positioning","topic":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","keywords":"Accelerometer; Global Positioning System; Structural health monitoring; Acoustics; Computer science; Engineering; Physics; Electrical engineering; Telecommunications","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02987065073656303,"gpt":0.3024163764058511,"spread":0.2725457256692881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001429561,0.0002166749,0.0002565826,0.0002067124,0.000207002,0.000118364,0.0001319373,0.00008745603,0.00001077284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001048483,0.0002506493,0.00003901887,0.0002013808,0.00002911875,0.0004010396,0.00004680657,0.0002611746,0.000009941065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008007062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002567668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004066984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003548919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987335,0.00003458795,0.0003176522,0.0002676171,0.0001818736,0.000464719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994425,0.00006342926,0.00007803593,0.0002350956,0.0000355846,0.0001453374],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003131282,0.00004303634,0.2392363,0.002859904,0.0001664432,0.00003076861,0.002749753,0.01740192,0.5667878,0.0006967535,0.00007133821,0.1699247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001100927,0.0006874963,0.7872289,0.004415509,0.00005936622,0.0005077125,0.0006127377,0.1083218,0.09212997,0.003002551,0.00009689766,0.001836136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938743,0.001454564,0.00178603,0.00007919777,0.001248214,0.0002783173,0.000007536947,0.0009659586,0.0003058456],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9542749,0.0001234372,0.04531049,0.00002702216,0.0001700232,0.00001104278,0.000008396139,0.00006430216,0.00001040582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5479926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}