{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":7,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":7,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"daca82828cab","filters":{"venue":"Pragmatics and Society"}},"results":[{"id":"W1999486563","doi":"10.1075/ps.3.2.08sid","title":"“Who knows best?”","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Evidentiality; Conversation; Conversation analysis; Negotiation; Focus (optics); Epistemology; Psychology; Linguistics; Work (physics); Sociology; Communication; Philosophy; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04759468945189448,"gpt":0.2904663272359329,"spread":0.2428716377840384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002294658,0.00008476223,0.0001088538,0.000008390061,0.0003281361,0.0001946955,0.0001057031,0.00003309767,0.0005932435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001297127,0.00006600934,0.00006418911,0.00001481664,0.0002154923,0.0002943062,0.00007433573,0.0001049421,0.00006213338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009953419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001438541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004897983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003464635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995013,0.00002960937,0.0001325901,0.00005959052,0.0001014694,0.0001754569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995386,0.00007667391,0.00006012567,0.0002189961,0.00004574205,0.0000598566],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.22632e-7,0.00005690763,0.0002494723,0.00003558351,0.00003093619,5.093627e-8,0.1807153,2.725761e-7,0.000007066154,0.8071229,0.01057692,0.00120421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002582775,0.00002594616,0.0006611885,0.00004180226,0.00006854313,0.000002720137,0.2265143,0.0005519023,0.00002988832,0.009188046,0.7623942,0.0002631941],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.205817,0.005272479,0.0002159099,0.001017621,0.0002939312,0.0001704417,0.00002526388,0.00009084793,0.7870965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895055,0.000656084,0.001659471,0.0004393761,0.0004105831,0.00001418291,0.00001040041,0.0000130147,0.007291423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7979349,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.64956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2088122784","doi":"10.1075/ps.1.1.02coo","title":"For a constitutive pragmatics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Pragmatics; Performative utterance; Embodied cognition; Power (physics); Sociology; Epistemology; Linguistics; Social relation; Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology; Philosophy; Social science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01678456431859673,"gpt":0.2707546362095261,"spread":0.2539700718909293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002602719,0.0001060886,0.0001783211,0.00001332339,0.0005003234,0.0001851603,0.00007489086,0.00003149283,0.0002998065],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001368577,0.00008184552,0.0001334198,0.00001596625,0.000675479,0.0001037129,0.00004711182,0.0001244271,0.000006300066],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004943144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002568178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002073605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005252581,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994487,0.000007575788,0.0001683867,0.0001182025,0.0001025748,0.000154524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994041,0.0001996307,0.00008606752,0.0001322266,0.0001391156,0.00003888922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[9.044658e-7,0.00003581064,0.0000648519,0.00006530769,0.0001857578,2.567426e-7,0.09165925,7.892951e-7,0.00005311544,0.8977715,0.009535015,0.0006274342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009242086,0.00008820207,0.0001061619,0.00004718639,0.0006298897,0.000004386733,0.2179465,0.0139607,0.0001429478,0.1338032,0.6318074,0.0005390708],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3009428,0.0005524318,0.007150003,0.002393334,0.001564877,0.000985211,0.0002851364,0.0001725974,0.6859536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9773642,0.0000834784,0.01858515,0.0007017034,0.000575208,0.00006730339,0.00001463279,0.00001424859,0.002594053],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7639682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3848133,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124524091","doi":"10.1075/ps.16051.kos","title":"Epistemic and deontic authority in the<i>argumentum ad verecundiam</i>","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Deontic logic; Argumentation theory; Epistemology; Ambiguity; Appeal; Argument (complex analysis); Fallacy; Set (abstract data type); Negation; Philosophy; Psychology; Sociology; Computer science; Political science; Law; Linguistics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.009166461708308494,"gpt":0.2284404188945613,"spread":0.2192739571862528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008019177,0.00007995787,0.0001220946,0.00001252475,0.00009011662,0.0001537056,0.0001831765,0.00005564543,0.000002786155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001259939,0.00005828155,0.00003820561,0.0001040359,0.0000197536,0.0002005436,0.00008353168,0.0001074711,0.00001025853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002028092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001597039,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004808138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001453352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992558,0.00008138047,0.0001761604,0.00018137,0.0001634591,0.0001418547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995186,0.0001278766,0.00007590045,0.0002269855,0.00001650269,0.00003410007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007343942,0.0004879865,0.2620547,0.002392556,0.00014605,0.00001006174,0.2406789,0.00004536095,0.003451501,0.4346915,0.006907015,0.049127],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001693104,0.0001208566,0.320798,0.000187692,0.00002331038,0.00003405918,0.003298256,0.6479654,0.00008448376,0.01660614,0.008739445,0.0004492355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9652781,0.0006134095,0.03146717,0.001302494,0.0002525183,0.0004144609,0.000001698899,0.00002477705,0.0006453549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925391,0.0002663023,0.006751904,0.0002904869,0.00001519305,0.000009887133,0.000001380546,0.000003182221,0.0001225413],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6479201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2376653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4286457280","doi":"10.1075/ps.21014.bar","title":"“They fabricated lies against us and described us in the harshest of ways”","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Transitive relation; Focus (optics); Publishing; Sociology; Media studies; Social media; Scale (ratio); Islam; State (computer science); Computer science; Linguistics; World Wide Web; Political science; History; Law; Mathematics; Geography; Philosophy; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01392979640100497,"gpt":0.2059166681847448,"spread":0.1919868717837398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000592949,0.00006542751,0.0001005531,0.00001950607,0.000247425,0.00008547353,0.0002318033,0.00002528622,0.000001746855],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002215611,0.00005009937,0.00003629492,0.0002054859,0.0000450472,0.0000912146,0.0001913543,0.0001533477,4.374006e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001623279,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002213934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001119601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001533305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993432,0.00007623577,0.0001478744,0.0001315247,0.0001786742,0.0001224858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996258,0.00008606183,0.00006937606,0.0001744732,0.00002016658,0.00002412718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004107178,0.001398662,0.06069678,0.0008091013,0.0004573225,0.00006679697,0.5289432,0.003299431,0.02793868,0.1237662,0.009102402,0.2434803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002247015,0.0007059035,0.1260234,0.00007765619,0.00007383481,0.0001009326,0.01622535,0.7922297,0.003007766,0.02649476,0.03201818,0.000795619],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898457,0.0003245728,0.008523255,0.0004847387,0.00006433769,0.0001421347,0.000004333184,0.00002612755,0.0005847925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914114,0.0002831428,0.007785469,0.0004701097,0.000008017702,0.00001792362,0.000002163198,0.000003554647,0.0000181838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7889302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2042993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2581088552","doi":"10.1075/ps.8.1.05par","title":"A subtle kind of certainty","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Legitimation; Certainty; Perspective (graphical); Sociology; Term (time); Positive economics; Epistemology; Economics; Political science; Law; Computer science; Philosophy","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02515011111570747,"gpt":0.3342854394470969,"spread":0.3091353283313894,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003204538,0.00004283537,0.00009924606,0.000002271591,0.001135758,0.00009599827,0.000149525,0.00007444297,0.00003389084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001729282,0.00003518421,0.00007841591,0.00002286311,0.0004278491,0.0001014426,0.00004943082,0.00005537615,0.000001897293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001415537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003980617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001472357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004328731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995584,0.0000236362,0.00008836177,0.00006488204,0.0001474652,0.0001172203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996062,0.00004528457,0.0001231582,0.0001081481,0.00006613146,0.00005109055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000370506,0.00008070729,0.02871385,0.00009840261,0.00008741763,7.454565e-7,0.3136182,0.000001847627,0.000298897,0.628071,0.00348182,0.0255434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001373507,0.00008919092,0.3263645,0.0001258116,0.0001534992,0.000001123221,0.3303456,0.006698283,0.0001408132,0.2228313,0.1111576,0.0007187517],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9301799,0.00007266925,0.00009318337,0.001727935,0.0001440478,0.0001053734,0.000008562793,0.00001548953,0.06765287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966322,0.0004747246,0.0010934,0.00007152586,0.00009144683,0.000002267706,0.000001268679,0.000002840164,0.00163037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4052397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8735447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2053695759","doi":"10.1075/ps.4.2.03sou","title":"The politics of language in a deeply divided society","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Irish; Emotive; Minority language; Ethnic group; Politics; Identity (music); Sociology; Relevance (law); Linguistics; Gender studies; Political science; Aesthetics; Anthropology; Law","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01203489000062605,"gpt":0.2186112139863084,"spread":0.2065763239856823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002451582,0.00008088474,0.0001318843,0.000008284873,0.000371474,0.0001951968,0.0001230112,0.00003866191,0.000114132],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005804693,0.00005727099,0.0001264883,0.00002247017,0.0003329122,0.00009206015,0.0001063917,0.0001108426,0.000009817259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002015346,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001963282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002627092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005719613,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993698,0.00002309592,0.0001947757,0.00008619092,0.0001404655,0.0001856818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992139,0.0001731663,0.00008403778,0.0001363013,0.0003532826,0.00003932361],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[7.218782e-7,0.00007854923,0.007153486,0.0002160143,0.00008933218,4.977375e-7,0.832443,8.804618e-7,0.00001362696,0.09856773,0.06096402,0.0004721208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007421343,0.00004245267,0.008113784,0.00005945384,0.00008076135,2.015231e-7,0.9382486,0.005408738,0.0001113715,0.0331155,0.01378967,0.0002872968],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994364,0.0006495175,0.00003757512,0.0001410487,0.0007912081,0.0001733487,0.00003011242,0.00001888456,0.003794277],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953412,0.0003119367,0.0005531114,0.00041256,0.001042236,0.00000558139,0.000005936313,0.000007859912,0.002319538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1058056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3971395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2013585256","doi":"10.1075/ps.5.2.06mac","title":"‘Father knows best’","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pragmatics and Society","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Narrative; Honesty; Psychology; Principal (computer security); Sociology; Social psychology; Media studies; Philosophy; Linguistics; Computer science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02862985291165789,"gpt":0.2631207655136821,"spread":0.2344909126020242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002266948,0.00008009385,0.0001039512,0.000007523668,0.000286745,0.0002451763,0.0001194557,0.00003042031,0.00054101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001809504,0.00006105592,0.00006081073,0.00001182119,0.0002175346,0.0001167076,0.00005748673,0.00009157966,0.00006166054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006257462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001186297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005125452,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008884347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995515,0.00003826106,0.0001254073,0.00008154962,0.00009293123,0.0001103436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999516,0.00009595026,0.00005832969,0.0002446083,0.00005119887,0.00003397152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.376931e-7,0.00003509512,0.00004466773,0.00003080782,0.00002452387,5.220346e-8,0.08792526,0.000001165139,0.00001208712,0.9029829,0.006022695,0.00292043],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002988679,0.00004325377,0.0001444837,0.00003465189,0.000044734,0.000001276178,0.08789998,0.004008905,0.00001873056,0.04235539,0.8649331,0.0002165933],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1032508,0.0007778616,0.0008225986,0.001391973,0.0001544336,0.0001268838,0.00001103906,0.00008834988,0.8933761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878775,0.0002380903,0.00231556,0.000655266,0.0002580963,0.00001297802,0.000008204242,0.00001462998,0.008619699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8847564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.592368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}