{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":3194,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":7,"predictions_cover":3194,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12"},"query_hash":"4cd0c6caceb4","filters":{"venue":"Preprints.org"}},"results":[{"id":"W4309548090","doi":"10.20944/preprints202211.0353.v1","title":"The Relationship between Association between Blood Pressure and Risk of Cancer Development","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Internal medicine; Cancer; Blood pressure; Meta-analysis; Confounding; Oncology; Observational study; Relative risk; Gastrointestinal cancer; Colorectal cancer; Confidence interval","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06431000075159816,"gpt":0.33299452163126,"spread":0.2686845208796618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001391668,0.0002325144,0.0003402048,0.00004688279,0.000336732,0.00001807675,0.0004250308,0.0003905204,0.00006687797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009320479,0.0002147376,0.0001354123,0.00007088706,0.00006403558,0.000003558228,0.001715478,0.0006860383,0.000005306983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004608943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004267463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006142549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002338644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979315,0.0003348406,0.0005089548,0.0006276304,0.0003410478,0.0002560644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980353,0.0002422619,0.0007883607,0.0007115661,0.0001397344,0.00008276253],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000215908,0.00002014993,0.9946029,0.00009500046,0.002003615,1.425137e-8,0.0003697599,0.0001290142,0.001262585,0.00002636589,0.000346857,0.001122116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002483299,0.000007914067,0.6813374,0.00002166279,0.001129926,1.147873e-7,0.00002766489,4.964225e-7,0.01094945,0.0001855501,0.305934,0.0001574816],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855905,0.0108957,0.0000267299,0.000138102,0.001894916,0.0004868936,0.000401062,0.00001778084,0.0005483074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845381,0.005565137,0.00009374193,0.0000127309,0.004154163,0.0003181738,0.0002997203,0.00003237797,0.004985859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3132656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8756745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375852471","doi":"10.20944/preprints202305.0443.v1","title":"CICIoT2023: A real-time dataset and benchmark for large-scale attacks in IoT environment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":158,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Internet of Things; Interoperability; Computer security; Spoofing attack; Denial-of-service attack; Benchmark (surveying); Scale (ratio); World Wide Web; The Internet","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07577793488374687,"gpt":0.3222210206975374,"spread":0.2464430858137906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001719569,0.0003654059,0.0004833015,0.0002551684,0.0001759706,0.00008322496,0.001227542,0.0004182883,0.000407641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008590899,0.0004083139,0.0001263244,0.0002096724,0.00006034529,0.0001691879,0.007157489,0.0007185472,0.001044526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001668662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006865404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003051392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001715903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965512,0.0001866018,0.0006019056,0.00172593,0.0003670994,0.0005672507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973634,0.0002226366,0.0002658584,0.001947749,0.00002934629,0.0001709395],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001373027,0.005324342,0.6442624,0.00573792,0.001382754,0.0005332267,0.03731167,0.06066778,0.0683746,0.01363521,0.117743,0.04365414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002346003,0.0002181427,0.323759,0.0008084521,0.00009734015,0.00002665676,0.0001121117,0.4226373,0.01642843,0.03355835,0.1978544,0.002153861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9693863,0.0001527857,0.02213698,0.001657514,0.001479078,0.002426082,0.001546678,0.0004662297,0.0007483932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958485,0.005976614,0.02336195,0.0007500625,0.001087677,0.001701031,0.004649913,0.000189288,0.003798437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3619695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126017303","doi":"10.20944/preprints202007.0485.v2","title":"A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Microvesicles; Ultrafiltration (renal); Extracellular vesicles; Exosome; Vesicle; Size-exclusion chromatography; Nanoparticle tracking analysis; Computational biology; Ultracentrifuge; Lysis; Isolation (microbiology); Ethylene glycol; Chemistry; Cell biology; Chromatography; Biology; Membrane; Biochemistry; Bioinformatics; microRNA","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1011674075618121,"gpt":0.4226112779478278,"spread":0.3214438703860157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008822944,0.0003936634,0.0009139085,0.00004310314,0.00008908017,0.00001046748,0.0008250694,0.0003206586,0.0003341471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000929364,0.0002985473,0.001082673,0.0003526506,0.0001453517,0.000006863654,0.000989759,0.0002998374,0.0002136471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002344815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002030933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005138169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.575219e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970394,0.0008920251,0.0008550861,0.0007834524,0.0002227304,0.0002072658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997374,0.0001077461,0.0007557134,0.001502282,0.000135866,0.0001244107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004146384,0.0003747319,0.000913207,0.1700729,0.001019616,0.00001246037,0.000103603,0.000001305452,0.03859327,0.00009191636,0.0008782952,0.7878972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001030869,0.0000401535,0.00007211762,0.01983297,0.0009632004,0.00002834795,0.00001254172,0.000007985117,0.005185511,0.00004927075,0.9734083,0.0002964708],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003292972,0.9965134,0.0008184714,0.0001442538,0.0001241368,0.00129294,0.00004733656,0.00002005996,0.0007101601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004693395,0.9959609,0.002331771,0.0004720317,0.0002234709,0.0001996367,0.0001621844,0.00006295996,0.0001176856],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9725301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4375841191","doi":"10.20944/preprints202305.0398.v1","title":"Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil: Environmental Pollutants Affecting Crop Health","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":137,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental chemistry; Bioaccumulation; Pollutant; Environmental science; Agronomy; Arable land; Rhizosphere; Agriculture; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08918273036546974,"gpt":0.329510953404473,"spread":0.2403282230390033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003006964,0.000793698,0.000954863,0.0001949875,0.0002808727,0.00004130169,0.001004959,0.0004995742,0.004611275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002694263,0.0007872507,0.0003423199,0.0003274244,0.0003976102,0.0003350431,0.00585559,0.001670369,0.01341636],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004285515,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005826117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002020153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001023569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931173,0.0009019124,0.001288788,0.002184395,0.001313,0.001194586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973734,0.0001615501,0.0007320647,0.001329922,0.000003614531,0.0003994476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004337326,0.0006545247,0.8998792,0.0001191051,0.0001102367,0.00006875717,0.003695017,0.03710473,0.04967118,0.00001236307,0.00008000056,0.008561539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005261354,0.00005306198,0.9742815,0.0001613027,0.00003354676,0.00002111178,0.0006497617,0.0005287178,0.02228313,0.0003142038,0.0004273602,0.0007201739],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925385,0.0001249995,0.00008213343,0.001125749,0.00117098,0.001928753,0.0001580161,0.0002766541,0.002594201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958745,0.0003490485,0.0003259504,0.0002443241,0.0001542779,0.0002766429,0.000114598,0.0001199411,0.002540706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07440232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4362731281","doi":"10.20944/preprints202304.0124.v1","title":"DC-YOLOv8: Small Size Object Detection Algorithm Based on Camera Sensor","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":134,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Pascal (unit); Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Object detection; Feature (linguistics); Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer vision","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1083111905199494,"gpt":0.3302626466974352,"spread":0.2219514561774858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006443728,0.0006497044,0.0005623475,0.0002910566,0.0003265065,0.0001031922,0.002414993,0.0004761287,0.00007920354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005284734,0.0007126399,0.0003621978,0.000879784,0.0001085804,0.0001515895,0.003291795,0.001801491,0.004556616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003915441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002051792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001765353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005194349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950393,0.0003213448,0.0006925038,0.002604379,0.0006095776,0.0007328612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936798,0.001098012,0.000538834,0.004177907,0.0002370586,0.0002684181],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001295778,0.0009037293,0.01955779,0.0003649823,0.000326761,0.0002989659,0.001000761,0.6900913,0.04417358,0.00126676,0.0002799818,0.2416058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006877425,0.0000988711,0.1076097,0.000256075,0.00006238777,0.00002390626,0.00002183354,0.7312622,0.1395015,0.0135447,0.005440235,0.001490837],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09501056,0.00002480979,0.8939377,0.002311441,0.002235726,0.001816621,0.00004070682,0.003017969,0.001604436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8826308,0.00009851516,0.1108766,0.001066962,0.0006548167,0.001495253,0.00003943782,0.0001540315,0.002983602],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7876202,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995325,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3144704389","doi":"10.20944/preprints202103.0149.v1","title":"Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID 19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Art Therapy and Mental Health","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Mental health; Psychosocial; Psychological intervention; Pandemic; Psychology; Public health; Psychiatry; Anxiety; Medicine; Clinical psychology; Nursing; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Disease","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1078545259823799,"gpt":0.3469224006040484,"spread":0.2390678746216686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001259959,0.0003656422,0.001319,0.00008548677,0.0003724398,0.00003894406,0.0002602261,0.0001055278,0.0004402863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005686616,0.0003238955,0.000158124,0.00002681084,0.000316981,0.00009419925,0.001006765,0.0004790758,0.0000205169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002173455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002540928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001049479,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004485262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971379,0.0004954826,0.001041649,0.000704789,0.0003024328,0.0003177661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980224,0.0000374123,0.0008154995,0.0006774369,0.00006814461,0.0003791543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006829639,0.0003424506,0.1559051,0.7887724,0.000404229,0.00000337168,0.05266552,5.697376e-7,0.00002567758,0.0009937222,0.0003734741,0.0004452008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004122705,0.0004480501,0.09207584,0.8747631,0.0009399065,0.0003149512,0.01711,0.00003265923,0.0002391449,0.0007799743,0.007067264,0.002106343],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8521341,0.1387434,0.00000897797,0.001767908,0.0005472635,0.005465512,0.0004298941,0.0001223967,0.000780592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8622544,0.1327194,0.00001473757,0.004025379,0.0001377542,0.0001195382,0.0002760298,0.00003155539,0.0004211541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08599076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123525417","doi":"10.20944/preprints201910.0034.v1","title":"Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); Computational biology; Diversity (politics); Isolation (microbiology); Characterization (materials science); Environmental chemistry; Chemical structure; Chemistry; Biology; Toxicology; Nanotechnology; Bioinformatics; Ecology; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0527623456963591,"gpt":0.2752239277098855,"spread":0.2224615820135264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002327541,0.0001853007,0.0003394489,0.00003614242,0.00008448282,0.00000702044,0.0003744188,0.0002520454,0.001790307],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003860516,0.0001878695,0.00006120617,0.00004903244,0.0001204179,0.0000718436,0.007073806,0.0002713565,0.0004168415],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001089598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001785232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005594099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001270252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987532,0.00007693114,0.000307791,0.0005043173,0.000186051,0.0001716748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989956,0.0000357378,0.0003964867,0.0004891073,0.0000186545,0.00006440198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001418665,0.00001558443,0.9552872,0.0001490293,0.00002478234,0.000001483177,0.000742607,0.0007941006,0.04257151,0.00007789223,0.000005954434,0.0003156179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001625978,0.00001549687,0.9912446,0.00004769136,0.00002825353,0.000007625286,0.00002384773,0.004561165,0.003062401,0.0003215745,0.0003422755,0.0001824883],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961674,0.000008883399,0.0002866588,0.00006240889,0.0004805781,0.0004572484,0.0001058744,0.00002321387,0.002407775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986489,0.00003306978,0.00009559911,0.00005655015,0.00003338048,0.000007132029,0.0001024871,0.00001230735,0.001010621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03950911,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991222,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4386100654","doi":"10.20944/preprints202308.1575.v1","title":"Nitrogen Journey in Plants: from Uptake to Metabolism to Stress response and Microbe Interaction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Manitoba; University of Guelph","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Glutamate synthase; Glutamine synthetase; Nitrogen cycle; Ammonium; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrate; Nitrogen; Abiotic stress; Nitrogen assimilation; Biology; Chemistry; Biochemistry; Glutamine; Botany; Ecology; Gene; Amino acid","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1363315228788365,"gpt":0.3209294930612928,"spread":0.1845979701824562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001033955,0.000416147,0.0006413586,0.0001696647,0.0001139806,0.0001030838,0.0007240212,0.0003683901,0.0003492523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000554683,0.0002200202,0.0001483441,0.000344771,0.00002587824,0.0001351329,0.002149545,0.0007521161,0.001452064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007251259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003161433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003906163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002856277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968554,0.0003901146,0.0006383191,0.001259349,0.0003296259,0.0005271246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985858,0.0004033048,0.0002079426,0.0003007944,0.00007843511,0.0004237087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001980023,0.000174452,0.2383667,0.00001240306,0.00009701004,0.00007703652,0.0020165,0.0001264851,0.7459788,0.00002052079,0.0006886614,0.01046139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000190584,0.00001865739,0.7820733,0.0002783331,0.00002937342,0.000005838835,0.0006063765,0.000007064707,0.04757063,0.0007536729,0.1681117,0.0003545094],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918185,0.0005037221,0.000002974004,0.002977643,0.001324443,0.0008632324,0.002231253,0.0001625748,0.0001156633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957736,0.001394896,0.0001217026,0.0007098909,0.0005641214,0.0001782083,0.000474929,0.000007162898,0.0007754893],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6984082,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3192225336","doi":"10.20944/preprints202108.0088.v1","title":"Nutrition and Metabolism of Minerals in Fish","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Selenium; Micronutrient; Chemistry; Excretion; Environmental chemistry; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.09143949202782577,"gpt":0.3007598127908982,"spread":0.2093203207630724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002747916,0.0001918785,0.0004340007,0.00002789689,0.00003552091,0.00002318816,0.0002260331,0.0003178492,0.0008144039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001123387,0.0000908255,0.0001441364,0.0002021393,0.00006851635,0.00008355536,0.0005904403,0.0003719135,0.00001356426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001747675,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009923046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005342574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009865122,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985397,0.0001542415,0.0003893296,0.0005471501,0.000190928,0.000178638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994285,0.0000708805,0.0001788037,0.00011828,0.0001230431,0.00008053635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002774553,0.0005327427,0.2446659,0.0002542078,0.00003103827,0.00001208858,0.0003430077,0.000002989242,0.7521387,0.0002200475,0.0002224087,0.001549048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002830063,0.000008089545,0.9059507,0.0002895212,0.0000187056,0.000004840968,0.0003227612,0.000006510902,0.08009341,0.001259502,0.01156813,0.0001948756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946422,0.0007365718,4.817143e-7,0.002368116,0.00009037554,0.0003534018,0.00008986881,0.0000338775,0.001685098],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970826,0.001676789,0.00008973688,0.0002581372,0.0001896931,0.00008132507,0.0003196503,0.000001250678,0.0003008082],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6720454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8917152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122421486","doi":"10.20944/preprints202009.0044.v1","title":"Addressing the Social Aspects of Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología","keywords":"Circular economy; Scarcity; Government (linguistics); Reuse; Resource scarcity; Sustainable development; Work (physics); Business; Product (mathematics); Resource (disambiguation); Environmental economics; Management science; Economics; Political science; Engineering; Computer science; Natural resource economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1414636070722989,"gpt":0.333301724635822,"spread":0.191838117563523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002287156,0.0005983813,0.001392184,0.0003032162,0.0003064619,0.0003847429,0.001881558,0.0002615516,0.0005443716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001271633,0.0004857726,0.0006545092,0.0008179433,0.0001248604,0.0004814708,0.00568915,0.001093777,0.0007328428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002270064,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001463615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008756518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003512109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965061,0.0001967645,0.001196681,0.001067678,0.0005520103,0.000480773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957763,0.00009822097,0.00189122,0.001625078,0.0005837886,0.00002537765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000145877,0.0000746982,0.0040108,0.9604357,0.0006102991,0.0001422886,0.0009019068,0.0001430331,0.00005782853,0.03143534,0.002103083,0.00007041014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001689071,0.00001339818,0.02769423,0.6433591,0.007799155,0.00002453371,0.006136749,0.005078831,0.0003717931,0.1845178,0.1197049,0.003610515],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05735593,0.2040966,0.001412917,0.115366,0.004310191,0.03818943,0.00005274422,0.002034332,0.5771819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877288,0.00132116,0.00002116993,0.007732464,0.001812448,0.0008380605,0.0001184844,0.0001042079,0.0003231608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9303729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2898626266","doi":"10.20944/preprints201811.0025.v1","title":"Effect of SLM Process Parameters on the Quality of Al Alloy Parts; Part I: Powder Characterization, Density, Surface Roughness, and Dimensional Accuracy","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Selective laser melting; Materials science; Surface roughness; Porosity; Aerospace; Process (computing); Design of experiments; Surface finish; Process window; Quality (philosophy); Characterization (materials science); Microstructure; Mechanical engineering; Process engineering; Composite material; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Engineering; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06765173955887464,"gpt":0.3300885113332535,"spread":0.2624367717743789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001459472,0.0004552098,0.0007635563,0.00004747446,0.00008608331,0.00003279121,0.0004033842,0.0002314613,0.0003837325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008052292,0.0003386388,0.0001169372,0.00007509172,0.0002701227,0.0001186148,0.0006755993,0.0003664631,0.00004468829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002927989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005056343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005562683,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003611258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976192,0.0003891609,0.0007112957,0.0005916749,0.0004206172,0.0002680343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974105,0.0009970125,0.0005315242,0.0007406795,0.0002460106,0.00007431243],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001803617,0.0003827307,0.5041722,0.02111072,0.00165854,0.000009586252,0.003116468,0.06213975,0.4038446,0.0002328085,0.0004665558,0.001062406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002031353,0.00004863903,0.2002584,0.0004912079,0.00005635623,0.00000154299,0.000008845785,0.0002836374,0.7976936,0.0003539846,0.000304721,0.0002959215],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978341,0.00003753796,0.00005364826,0.0001530215,0.0006583185,0.0007369156,0.0002411948,0.0001242466,0.0001610222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993398,0.0001337999,0.00002266152,0.000071901,0.00008870407,0.00007693451,0.0001841468,0.0000551571,0.00002694514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.393849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2596392286","doi":"10.20944/preprints201703.0086.v1","title":"Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Based Fusion for Underwater Image Enhancement","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Changzhou Institute of Technology; Government of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"RGB color model; Color space; Color histogram; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; RGB color space; Color balance; Adaptive histogram equalization; Mathematics; Color image; Histogram equalization; Color depth; Color normalization; Computer science; Image processing; Image (mathematics)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1035419778033045,"gpt":0.3478299222250583,"spread":0.2442879444217538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005047498,0.000626598,0.0006339074,0.0002679015,0.0002305739,0.00007464202,0.000784738,0.0004886323,0.0006979145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003000487,0.0006855667,0.0002878495,0.00006673089,0.0001345799,0.0002444148,0.0008718206,0.0006427303,0.0002236705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006497576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009009145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004747253,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001803842,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973469,0.00007891114,0.000705791,0.0009702073,0.0003589972,0.0005391555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970993,0.0001169863,0.0004166498,0.001789103,0.0004283761,0.0001495991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002957578,0.0002802892,0.001219673,0.001203646,0.0002097836,0.00001441675,0.0005442747,0.01389695,0.9679115,0.0002542084,0.001247698,0.0129218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008207327,0.00006063222,0.001471042,0.0005886362,0.00009635945,0.000001051012,0.00002654172,0.08933412,0.8894718,0.004327131,0.01295103,0.0008509325],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02580773,0.0001425247,0.9625746,0.0001258525,0.000893567,0.002858238,0.0001287196,0.001751468,0.005717309],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9283744,0.0002749682,0.06725631,0.0000993606,0.0001788027,0.002007979,0.0006482135,0.0002016774,0.0009583592],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9025666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124382533","doi":"10.20944/preprints202004.0005.v1","title":"SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral Genomics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, and Therapeutic Interventions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children","funders":"","keywords":"Epidemiology; Case fatality rate; Pandemic; Coronavirus; Medicine; Genomics; Psychological intervention; Virology; Biology; Intensive care medicine; Disease; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Genome; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Genetics; Pathology; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3898521453596276,"gpt":0.4872264106673951,"spread":0.09737426530776744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002775519,0.0007724232,0.001740038,0.0004975421,0.0002309601,0.00004169645,0.001038772,0.000883543,0.0001967212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005190504,0.0007448347,0.001029392,0.0002773533,0.0004476438,0.00007822186,0.004489331,0.002822588,0.001382135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008183669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001555073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002089354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001757148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940369,0.0008333052,0.001518722,0.002278397,0.0004086453,0.0009240727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960148,0.0007173463,0.0005576413,0.002148824,0.0002274349,0.0003339249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000829204,0.0004050512,0.8260669,0.003272175,0.001207142,0.0001854008,0.0009468019,0.00001257443,0.1632119,0.001223279,0.0007211314,0.001918498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004757421,0.0003993547,0.3943188,0.0008845037,0.001186471,0.0003489662,0.0002772074,0.002317856,0.1585784,0.05901433,0.3764043,0.001512248],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665845,0.006158201,0.002815356,0.01822389,0.000678013,0.002343927,0.00008863858,0.0005070944,0.002600394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8697332,0.0003025334,0.0004382769,0.1281539,0.0006116344,0.0004328977,0.00006765933,0.0001274019,0.0001325437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.431748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995003,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123998504","doi":"10.20944/preprints201706.0092.v1","title":"Tracking Dietary Patterns over 20 Years from Childhood through Adolescence into Young Adulthood: The Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","field":"Medicine","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Bone mineral; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Demography; Gerontology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07574934835507663,"gpt":0.345506135935036,"spread":0.2697567875799594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004978049,0.0007129245,0.001107847,0.00009510901,0.0005306945,0.00009983729,0.001034567,0.0003857191,0.0004638408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000333961,0.0005843147,0.000564264,0.0001145542,0.000158562,0.000203719,0.00372645,0.002104785,0.0002842678],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000203331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002805825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01090816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002486443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955286,0.0001990748,0.0008785395,0.001653766,0.00111211,0.0006279493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963503,0.0001376593,0.0006446829,0.002407217,0.0002392816,0.0002208602],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002798356,0.002098172,0.9766895,0.0002220384,0.0006321944,0.0003064217,0.01805932,0.00001291286,0.0002768613,0.000002002128,0.0006517083,0.0007690584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002552855,0.0001286057,0.988166,0.0005173011,0.0009486632,0.00002238123,0.005829018,0.000007335339,0.0001169422,0.000828833,0.0003052097,0.0005768083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923977,0.001659029,0.00001928232,0.001240239,0.001441263,0.002207736,0.0003490265,0.0001596757,0.0005260042],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922035,0.001610394,0.0002393551,0.000530141,0.004359439,0.0003063122,0.0003732188,0.00009884228,0.0002787524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0122303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125788131","doi":"10.20944/preprints201808.0026.v1","title":"AMPK Activation Reduces Hepatic Lipid Content by Increasing Fat Oxidation &lt;em&gt;in Vivo&lt;/em&gt;","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Adipose Tissue and Metabolism","field":"Medicine","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Société Francophone du Diabète; Université Paris Descartes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; University of Alberta","keywords":"AMPK; Lipogenesis; Beta oxidation; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Chemistry; Endocrinology; Internal medicine; Lipid metabolism; Adipose tissue; Lipid oxidation; Protein kinase A; AMP-activated protein kinase; Triglyceride; In vivo; Pyruvate carboxylase; Metabolism; Phosphorylation; Biochemistry; Biology; Cholesterol; Medicine; Enzyme; Antioxidant","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08899357392076927,"gpt":0.3275599557916354,"spread":0.2385663818708662,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001782219,0.000755161,0.001314805,0.0005247617,0.0001637466,0.00006856074,0.0005311477,0.0008203057,0.001832341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002372979,0.0007591525,0.0003051768,0.0003485282,0.0001726867,0.0003668478,0.0009937929,0.001107081,0.0009878429],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005472082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003007963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009815417,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001169077,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9948053,0.00052609,0.001326512,0.001639859,0.0009843815,0.0007178229],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961488,0.0002191941,0.0009749305,0.001705142,0.0005650411,0.0003869002],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005969661,0.0004871204,0.06974291,0.000423467,0.0002960267,0.0000161424,0.003250102,0.00001704625,0.9189623,0.0001043809,0.001005993,0.005097555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001647636,0.00007426651,0.2648281,0.001843914,0.0004196466,0.00003048318,0.0002889413,0.00019795,0.7084924,0.0004142524,0.02110522,0.0006572496],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.989306,0.0007009359,0.0004782263,0.0007786657,0.001439898,0.002360471,0.00003489791,0.0002940579,0.004606889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901271,0.0009535382,0.0009014409,0.0004066808,0.001724605,0.0003403358,0.000520732,0.0001339396,0.004891561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2104699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4291146258","doi":"10.20944/preprints202207.0010.v3","title":"Recycling and Reuse of Mine Tailings: A Review of Advancements and Their Implications","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Tailings Management and Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Tailings; Reuse; Sustainability; Hazardous waste; Environmental planning; Coal mining; Natural resource economics; Business; Waste management; China; Environmental science; Engineering; Coal; Geography","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1665036747854124,"gpt":0.3502701076018312,"spread":0.1837664328164187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004671164,0.0002285718,0.0009096583,0.0001171801,0.00003642158,0.000003449765,0.0003430512,0.00005220937,0.0002375379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002829928,0.0001916969,0.0001218905,0.0002072644,0.00004490729,0.00007291619,0.0006623151,0.0001986278,0.000006678632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002809083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001629184,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007629189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.233041e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998796,0.00005184952,0.0006694045,0.0002824707,0.00007406447,0.0001262538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988108,0.00008631562,0.0002900208,0.0007470752,0.00003011077,0.00003564527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002537431,0.00002287141,0.001154392,0.3000861,0.000276879,2.900765e-7,0.000237697,0.000009687024,0.0001112914,0.00005596658,0.00004951669,0.6979928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005983519,0.0000100096,0.00006780715,0.02825354,0.0002566505,0.000002931671,0.00002736507,0.000009408395,0.00006821461,0.00006712294,0.9710147,0.0001623915],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001710072,0.9953341,0.00001345553,0.00002523811,0.00006225831,0.0007262006,0.00002369054,0.0000554731,0.00204949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007919635,0.9985278,0.00015692,0.000014501,0.00001606305,0.0002058632,0.00003595803,0.00003782992,0.0002131415],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9709652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7817174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123843686","doi":"10.20944/preprints201809.0150.v2","title":"Silicon Photonic Biosensors Using Label-Free Detection","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Photonic and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"China Scholarship Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; Mitacs; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Miniaturization; Microfabrication; Biosensor; Photonics; Lab-on-a-chip; Nanotechnology; Chip; Materials science; Optofluidics; Silicon photonics; CMOS; Waveguide; Microfluidics; Computer science; Optoelectronics; Telecommunications; Fabrication","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08782242655608892,"gpt":0.3112580404842676,"spread":0.2234356139281787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004119807,0.0005351359,0.0005402995,0.0002062772,0.0001150037,0.00004656059,0.0009068364,0.0007047234,0.0008319075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002060548,0.000585163,0.0002143682,0.0002112967,0.0001539935,0.0001323298,0.001584448,0.001123593,0.00192506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004239196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007369833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002383626,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009455466,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975604,0.00007102538,0.0005576871,0.0008695099,0.0003392028,0.0006021479],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975532,0.00006759926,0.0001371279,0.001910117,0.0001195875,0.0002123528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001039999,0.0002176639,0.02653453,0.002034502,0.0009584804,0.00005203187,0.0009630108,0.02733017,0.9387719,0.0002323596,0.00006439115,0.002736972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004702649,0.00002072685,0.02731915,0.000308186,0.000151739,0.00001900556,0.00003591369,0.2194473,0.7468458,0.002109305,0.002447771,0.0008248505],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9731956,0.0003595573,0.0003849386,0.00002431432,0.002143527,0.0005424941,0.00003799512,0.001044037,0.02226753],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983099,0.0002999125,0.0005957178,0.00005442362,0.0003562533,0.0000704726,0.00001409188,0.0001222066,0.0001770863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1921171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4384927384","doi":"10.20944/preprints202307.1352.v1","title":"An Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and their mitigation strategies","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Climate change; Agriculture; Environmental science; Food security; Natural resource economics; Sustainable agriculture; Climate change mitigation; Abiotic component; Agroecosystem; Agroforestry; Geography; Ecology; Economics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2446157135744462,"gpt":0.3607230614059456,"spread":0.1161073478314994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004677766,0.0003298815,0.0003945623,0.00003203159,0.00009215368,0.00005203603,0.0004448991,0.0003432567,0.0001056619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003646178,0.0001262774,0.0001111439,0.0001761506,0.00006306412,0.0002383376,0.0006458061,0.0003584296,0.00005954549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003203319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009524654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005916171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005292363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983173,0.0001451008,0.0003410843,0.0006704109,0.0002217854,0.000304334],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991323,0.0001022706,0.0003559151,0.0002154784,0.00008616564,0.0001078858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003918623,0.0001553116,0.09991039,0.0004236309,0.0000424805,0.000004396413,0.0006803403,0.000007245279,0.889496,0.001236312,0.00005903055,0.00794572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004010195,0.0001246043,0.8007972,0.0007497476,0.00001444035,0.000001927869,0.000315278,0.00001556021,0.1926989,0.004612351,0.000384864,0.0002450334],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961497,0.0003755686,0.000001081156,0.0005415214,0.0001255352,0.0007843267,0.0005373487,0.0004278594,0.001057105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9847674,0.01399682,0.00002008507,0.0001038485,0.0002159794,0.0001963524,0.000673854,0.000003125028,0.00002256854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7008868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5149441,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3023821242","doi":"10.20944/preprints202003.0313.v2","title":"Small-Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images with End-to-End Edge-Enhanced GAN and Object Detector Network","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Energy; Athabasca University; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Detector; Computer science; Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution; Artificial intelligence; Residual; Computer vision; Context (archaeology); Overhead (engineering); Image resolution; Object detection; Generative adversarial network; Deep learning; Pattern recognition (psychology); Telecommunications; Algorithm","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05712182583916333,"gpt":0.3082877557819736,"spread":0.2511659299428103,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00102331,0.0008104849,0.0009282608,0.0004292895,0.0002605484,0.0003143884,0.001493802,0.0003732877,0.00001072619],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007290267,0.0008452068,0.000126954,0.001149024,0.0001943901,0.0005112548,0.004586654,0.001932834,0.0000550093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003811974,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003430796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004011848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003794172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946263,0.0003770278,0.0007499167,0.002846703,0.0005062278,0.0008938157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996563,0.0002312989,0.0005852454,0.002040605,0.0003022036,0.0002777113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003110082,0.00004147763,0.003447966,0.0006007467,0.000108953,0.0002494792,0.003102896,0.00366669,0.4076976,0.00002163726,0.000009765554,0.5807417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004355494,0.0001436213,0.02955088,0.001655224,0.00004213751,0.0001009544,0.00003337047,0.05594475,0.8962991,0.01438627,0.0002086807,0.001199461],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1716924,0.000231545,0.823715,0.0004124043,0.0003168854,0.001074349,0.000003225981,0.001496422,0.001057818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.62397,0.00008780181,0.3754,0.0002265469,0.000158176,0.00002748763,0.000002771044,0.00007290278,0.00005435321],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5795423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3191051423","doi":"10.20944/preprints202108.0218.v1","title":"Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Current Progress and Challenges","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Emergent BioSolutions (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Cancer; Cancer treatment; Medicine; Cancer therapy; Nanotechnology; Drug delivery; Immunotherapy; Radiation therapy; Materials science; Internal medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2026197208402914,"gpt":0.3739194859972172,"spread":0.1712997651569258,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009299854,0.0003978341,0.000536582,0.00007435054,0.0001431982,0.0001218211,0.000532718,0.0001935814,0.0005117756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001281417,0.0003762141,0.0001488205,0.00007349705,0.0002606585,0.0001779638,0.001558677,0.0003022467,0.0001220452],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113221,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000338042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008080865,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006754205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969316,0.0002286359,0.0004911058,0.001401786,0.0003794878,0.0005673706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979939,0.0001400879,0.0002982884,0.001055495,0.00031296,0.00019922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002065427,0.0005289487,0.06042939,0.001223939,0.00007702513,0.00001011424,0.002514218,0.0001913876,0.8802583,0.000219417,0.00002489471,0.05431585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006672766,0.00003015169,0.03802017,0.0004423833,0.0000601686,0.000002851633,0.000183035,0.0001625812,0.9529256,0.0006046905,0.006454363,0.0004466944],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8969211,0.09789424,0.00001104954,0.00207837,0.001567484,0.001215743,0.00007297418,0.0002058506,0.00003320677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9707832,0.02600693,0.0003782918,0.00006806815,0.000294449,0.002350532,0.00001362203,0.00005771679,0.00004723137],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07386208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3180151462","doi":"10.20944/preprints202107.0193.v1","title":"Plants Metabolome Study: Emerging Tools and Techniques","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Metabolome; Metabolomics; Mass spectrometry; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Metabolite; Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry; Proteomics; Computational biology; Proteome; Chromatography; Chemistry; Biochemical engineering; Biology; Biochemistry; Electrospray ionization","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08885173281278765,"gpt":0.3515012238531288,"spread":0.2626494910403411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007496182,0.0004768886,0.0007242612,0.0001438082,0.0001477018,0.00007579233,0.0004707817,0.0003598448,0.0001285158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003906522,0.0004818529,0.000192658,0.00009263802,0.00009198906,0.000007541171,0.005452812,0.000533701,0.00001643404],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002246867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000102963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007916948,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005122717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972156,0.0001913874,0.0004916043,0.001447751,0.0002524232,0.0004012563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981425,0.00002193002,0.0002634319,0.001288586,0.0001622091,0.0001213686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000573895,0.0002893818,0.3810354,0.00009919558,0.001029334,0.00003156746,0.0004304855,0.000006789973,0.6140469,0.00006335349,0.0000936409,0.002816631],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003945361,0.00009563757,0.3265637,0.00005787797,0.0001899338,0.00002079026,0.001195588,0.000003203439,0.6403146,0.0002102044,0.03025514,0.0006987267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897903,0.005143617,0.0001228608,0.0001613562,0.0004476557,0.0008039624,0.00008248087,0.00007141109,0.003376306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880587,0.009095401,0.0009266566,0.0001297245,0.0003441595,0.0002972137,0.0002253377,0.00005499487,0.0008678412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0544716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3017153652","doi":"10.20944/preprints202004.0315.v1","title":"In Search of Preventative Strategies: Novel Anti-Inflammatory High-CBD &lt;em&gt;Cannabis Sativa&lt;/em&gt; Extracts Modulate ACE2 Expression in COVID-19 Gateway Tissues","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Biology; Cannabidiol; Cannabis sativa; Inflammation; Pharmacology; Immunology; Medicine; Cannabis","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0876913096636423,"gpt":0.3871408274469825,"spread":0.2994495177833402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003218384,0.00112688,0.002347394,0.00140753,0.0001430166,0.0001263208,0.001393452,0.00117582,0.003048904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001943477,0.001114771,0.0005040813,0.001127552,0.0006059301,0.0006372228,0.003833513,0.003635738,0.0002629783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001595875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00554946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002115088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008933203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899229,0.001031501,0.002265583,0.002789845,0.002544637,0.001445536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946099,0.0001461719,0.0008839675,0.002340262,0.000739347,0.001280334],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002059638,0.001645441,0.05540352,0.007703898,0.0003110555,0.00118259,0.03421601,0.0119517,0.8816577,0.0004905435,0.002596284,0.000781639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006023873,0.0002872371,0.6176097,0.003661268,0.00009620152,0.00004416085,0.006217869,0.0009002,0.3542499,0.002014667,0.007782562,0.001112264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9824353,0.0009247183,0.0004136013,0.009319169,0.0004273406,0.004756685,0.0002420253,0.0001800578,0.001301132],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906818,0.00134602,0.0005789176,0.0002876921,0.0003450562,0.0009521811,0.0002709317,0.0002096202,0.005327801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5622062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3010260666","doi":"10.20944/preprints202002.0424.v1","title":"Insufficient Sensitivity of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome as Confirmatory Test using Korean COVID-19 Cases","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Virology; Guideline; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Asymptomatic; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Gene; Transmission (telecommunications); Coronavirus; Genome; Biology; Medicine; Disease; Genetics; Internal medicine; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2224040178308792,"gpt":0.4204563199255894,"spread":0.1980523020947102,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002177185,0.0008597974,0.001942583,0.0007633654,0.0001739688,0.00003270964,0.0007527347,0.0006657874,0.00009634949],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005397098,0.0009049094,0.000740773,0.0004907983,0.0008152227,0.0001051322,0.003739554,0.001801736,0.0002703903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001121034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005384854,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01903961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001718706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929971,0.0007137501,0.001680319,0.001876171,0.00185326,0.0008794394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944145,0.0009053779,0.001146729,0.002468198,0.0006723951,0.0003927664],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001023102,0.001285972,0.192836,0.002227096,0.0004781088,0.003398972,0.001543884,0.0001337319,0.7968463,0.00004944293,0.00001007294,0.0001673707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002082703,0.0002710812,0.02551094,0.0003494776,0.0004433123,0.0007928837,0.0003107544,0.001587816,0.9668201,0.0001146693,0.001062004,0.0006542212],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9929209,0.0007673635,0.0007349381,0.0004556202,0.0003367427,0.002066515,0.0006659227,0.0002073446,0.001844589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860578,0.00004802312,0.0001926317,0.01310302,0.000303425,0.000065384,0.00007399085,0.0001361353,0.00001959664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1699739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4388139256","doi":"10.20944/preprints202310.2059.v1","title":"Mineral Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Nanotechnology; Scanning electron microscope; Artificial intelligence; Pace; Computer science; Materials science; Geology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.260000643776401,"gpt":0.4718586173371567,"spread":0.2118579735607557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009264545,0.0002612658,0.0007073103,0.0002249854,0.0002297307,0.00002609485,0.0002699971,0.0001171623,0.00004086177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001628733,0.0002122307,0.0001463506,0.001027867,0.00006941846,0.0001248656,0.0002874559,0.0005983774,0.00004115058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002645726,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009370043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000311553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002906134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981899,0.0001932435,0.0005985446,0.0003752467,0.0002816673,0.0003614143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991909,0.00006401126,0.0002063459,0.0004065215,0.00007745504,0.00005473284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000595795,0.00007215311,0.004326552,0.6521118,0.0005234025,0.000003875997,0.0004468166,0.0001063441,0.1025093,0.00003917556,0.0001757103,0.2396789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007505906,0.000008415667,0.0005389332,0.2369168,0.0002504642,0.00002107138,0.00001222264,0.0001654233,0.00155324,0.000008663938,0.760151,0.0002986991],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0220217,0.9764794,0.00001657088,0.00001467563,0.0003174682,0.0007407402,0.00002805903,0.0001100119,0.0002714344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005503926,0.9978565,0.0000505542,0.00001009406,0.0001179425,0.0001176581,0.00007229654,0.00008138738,0.001143202],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7599753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8654517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2805140599","doi":"10.20944/preprints201806.0104.v1","title":"Community Peer Review: A Method to Bring Consent and Self-Determination into the Sciences","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Harm; Premise; Informed consent; Public relations; Conversation; Research ethics; Psychology; Sociology; Engineering ethics; Political science; Social psychology; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Engineering","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.7940299981685361,"gpt":0.6716808286522427,"spread":0.1223491695162935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","open_science","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.07534021,0.0002712599,0.0006282963,0.0001629159,0.0005430706,0.00006625994,0.001309946,0.0004668127,0.0003108646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1123048,0.0001957367,0.0001639819,0.0003071167,0.001062246,0.00005159731,0.009472764,0.006023169,0.0006476714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002377688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001097375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001927265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004755268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931263,0.002543102,0.000791466,0.0009225787,0.002242164,0.0003743354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9767621,0.01623134,0.0003905921,0.003055419,0.003136464,0.0004240512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000330016,0.001736649,0.8425457,0.05005872,0.0007498063,0.00006334298,0.05686726,0.00003120527,0.006190495,0.004324534,0.006332229,0.03077007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001028095,0.0006819876,0.7151185,0.03882621,0.0008185933,0.0001526521,0.001603066,0.001468068,0.02312824,0.140814,0.07536137,0.0009992204],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8296061,0.001434986,0.001200193,0.130939,0.0003822538,0.002915496,0.00000650046,0.0001718032,0.0333436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8966568,0.0161993,0.06307889,0.01186204,0.0004686743,0.0003319927,0.00001946138,0.00006401285,0.01131888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1364894,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4400009090","doi":"10.20944/preprints202406.1635.v1","title":"Putting GPT-4o to the Sword: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Language, Vision, Speech, and Multimodal Proficiency","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"SWORD; Computer science; Linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Philosophy; World Wide Web","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.113106583943814,"gpt":0.3937495198749102,"spread":0.2806429359310962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003314632,0.0003304074,0.0003990447,0.0002478739,0.000173393,0.0001534218,0.00124046,0.0001681928,0.00004146526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005555921,0.0002536441,0.0001528229,0.0003613265,0.00005934862,0.0001060272,0.006161226,0.0009049457,0.0004705754],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001476011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002391869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007294113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001645418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961832,0.0005121534,0.0006319203,0.001223345,0.001103697,0.0003456737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971861,0.0001837005,0.0003735974,0.00134673,0.0008093743,0.0001005195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005590457,0.0004447048,0.09911665,0.00306337,0.0007457325,0.0001145508,0.1887901,0.1737996,0.1029949,0.06820709,0.0003119489,0.3623555],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006800306,0.0001979153,0.3239281,0.005546739,0.0003081562,0.00009219854,0.003979359,0.5418704,0.09730688,0.01180287,0.01284301,0.001444252],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776555,0.001020896,0.01443816,0.001024236,0.001697334,0.001753219,0.000006953892,0.0001870204,0.002216697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927878,0.00001199966,0.005166331,0.0000729791,0.0002787943,0.0001400372,0.00000380985,0.00002716928,0.001511114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3680708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123714496","doi":"10.20944/preprints202006.0278.v1","title":"COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Serology; Seroprevalence; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Medicine; Disease; Herd immunity; Diagnostic test; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Virology; Immunology; Pathology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Veterinary medicine; Antibody; Vaccination","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2392198458212239,"gpt":0.4245413394169465,"spread":0.1853214935957226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001755536,0.0009054828,0.001402755,0.0003652688,0.0002446643,0.0001395049,0.001791839,0.001318902,0.00222112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009000827,0.0007547687,0.0007374631,0.0003404386,0.0003931925,0.0001295359,0.005774751,0.004480598,0.008099264],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001023334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003758293,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003682862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005508905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935395,0.0004107965,0.0007485072,0.002604986,0.001575517,0.001120735],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948607,0.000638834,0.0003629304,0.002911008,0.0003878024,0.0008387346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001564903,0.0005536226,0.9397436,0.00181872,0.0005296263,0.0009846806,0.002353225,0.00001700185,0.04983261,0.0003387109,0.001493178,0.0007701485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004326257,0.0006324505,0.3237707,0.0004028143,0.0004773145,0.0003013608,0.0009338611,0.0005966578,0.06729323,0.01032747,0.5894361,0.001501824],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9318994,0.0002882579,0.0001150033,0.02199128,0.0004245662,0.002238231,0.00004994799,0.0008255134,0.04216774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8973821,0.0001184408,0.0002190936,0.1002202,0.0009444132,0.0004605051,0.00005555089,0.0001214375,0.0004781838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6159729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999776,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125427163","doi":"10.20944/preprints201804.0194.v1","title":"The 2017 North Bay and Southern California Fires: A Case Study","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bay; Environmental science; Extreme weather; Climatology; Precipitation; Geography; Climate change; Oceanography; Meteorology; Geology; Archaeology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05482725964150426,"gpt":0.2988226614613415,"spread":0.2439954018198373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001932439,0.0004982632,0.0004350322,0.00003958046,0.0007286982,0.000113932,0.001066433,0.0002285931,0.001089849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003563308,0.0003618292,0.0001279876,0.0001185453,0.0004812069,0.00007687119,0.006374425,0.0007675405,0.02285045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002618754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004077114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02094647,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04781632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963275,0.0005626716,0.0005633888,0.001413868,0.0005813504,0.0005512689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965596,0.0002735638,0.0004151588,0.002461047,0.00002826244,0.0002623261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002739729,0.0001689106,0.9911733,0.00004798376,0.00009592015,0.0006965958,0.00631505,0.0001016195,0.00005522163,2.036273e-7,0.00025514,0.001062675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005950971,0.000110258,0.9769691,0.00009008979,0.0001389468,0.0007767444,0.002753706,0.003756241,0.0001191747,0.0001064435,0.01380328,0.000780987],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994256,0.00007670074,0.000011514,0.00009400282,0.000608853,0.002335152,0.0001612272,0.0001476844,0.002308819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978632,0.00003157403,0.00002431519,0.00004666352,0.0002025618,0.0004126697,0.000008821902,0.00006235957,0.001347811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02686985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998834,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4360989612","doi":"10.20944/preprints202303.0441.v1","title":"IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Alberta Health Services","funders":"","keywords":"Immune system; Immunology; Vaccination; Antibody; Medicine; Immunotherapy; Immunity; Population; Virology; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1464536524943046,"gpt":0.3942115515295619,"spread":0.2477578990352573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002610669,0.001168149,0.001930169,0.0004667336,0.0005997901,0.0002863331,0.002278001,0.0008320886,0.00002987265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009182222,0.0009292822,0.0006261084,0.0008620754,0.0001909498,0.0001966354,0.005116142,0.002822787,0.0023202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006184379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006881741,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004565678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005381635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921257,0.0006494834,0.001801251,0.002423063,0.001519444,0.001481093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993917,0.0002101093,0.0007003568,0.004296392,0.0007384987,0.0001375714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006208392,0.0002285039,0.03966314,0.002119152,0.0005472734,0.0001104416,0.001100715,0.00001824959,0.953932,0.00003179185,0.0009761808,0.0006516441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001373519,0.00009027072,0.02845933,0.003237504,0.0001574904,0.00003847528,0.0003495529,0.0005851829,0.9482201,0.00005980534,0.01657695,0.0008517987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820576,0.004531149,0.00013912,0.003506733,0.001369279,0.005708396,0.0001597625,0.0009546793,0.001573271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917322,0.00006604064,0.0001163456,0.00338117,0.0006665344,0.002394087,0.00010589,0.0003141564,0.00122355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01560077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W2969872218","doi":"10.20944/preprints201908.0222.v1","title":"Trends in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks for 3D Printing: Inspiring a new Kind of Medicine","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Decellularization; Regenerative medicine; Extracellular matrix; Tissue engineering; 3D bioprinting; Scaffold; Biomedical engineering; Regeneration (biology); Nanotechnology; Cell biology; Chemistry; Materials science; Stem cell; Biology; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1331539438125133,"gpt":0.3848331902357435,"spread":0.2516792464232303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003403344,0.0007566637,0.001531735,0.001880581,0.00004559549,0.00002807614,0.001797475,0.001227579,0.001818213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00185421,0.0007853451,0.0004178295,0.000897104,0.0003100075,0.00009916279,0.002406182,0.002531753,0.0002816059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004052489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003001485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000556102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003321711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943418,0.0001577516,0.001931065,0.001372489,0.001071571,0.001125357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961203,0.0006041653,0.0004461879,0.002193015,0.0002031588,0.0004332202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000382207,0.0003482408,0.3728902,0.009620721,0.0008288958,0.00007046238,0.003082318,0.04904047,0.4763233,0.001257423,0.0005425181,0.08561328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0144852,0.0002567007,0.2832864,0.009172146,0.0004213442,0.00002806414,0.0001987198,0.3250297,0.2600967,0.006758566,0.09683287,0.003433578],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9421745,0.00311007,0.04154555,0.0008475949,0.001874468,0.002106943,0.00002946323,0.0005846192,0.007726785],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9775022,0.0003163644,0.01513891,0.00001261071,0.0004917645,0.0001989584,0.000133029,0.0002276524,0.005978561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2759893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4231984125","doi":"10.20944/preprints202007.0485.v1","title":"A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Microvesicles; Extracellular vesicles; Ultrafiltration (renal); Vesicle; Exosome; Size-exclusion chromatography; Ultracentrifuge; Isolation (microbiology); Nanoparticle tracking analysis; Chemistry; Cell biology; Computational biology; Ethylene glycol; Lysis; Chromatography; Biology; Membrane; Biochemistry; Bioinformatics; microRNA; Enzyme","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1011674075618121,"gpt":0.4226112779478278,"spread":0.3214438703860157,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008822944,0.0003936634,0.0009139085,0.00004310314,0.00008908017,0.00001046748,0.0008250694,0.0003206586,0.0003341471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000929364,0.0002985473,0.001082673,0.0003526506,0.0001453517,0.000006863654,0.000989759,0.0002998374,0.0002136471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002344815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002030933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005138169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.575219e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970394,0.0008920251,0.0008550861,0.0007834524,0.0002227304,0.0002072658],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997374,0.0001077461,0.0007557134,0.001502282,0.000135866,0.0001244107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004146384,0.0003747319,0.000913207,0.1700729,0.001019616,0.00001246037,0.000103603,0.000001305452,0.03859327,0.00009191636,0.0008782952,0.7878972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001030869,0.0000401535,0.00007211762,0.01983297,0.0009632004,0.00002834795,0.00001254172,0.000007985117,0.005185511,0.00004927075,0.9734083,0.0002964708],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003292972,0.9965134,0.0008184714,0.0001442538,0.0001241368,0.00129294,0.00004733656,0.00002005996,0.0007101601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004693395,0.9959609,0.002331771,0.0004720317,0.0002234709,0.0001996367,0.0001621844,0.00006295996,0.0001176856],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9725301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999467,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3126091857","doi":"10.20944/preprints201908.0038.v1","title":"STAT3 and STAT5 Activation in Solid Cancers","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions","field":"Medicine","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement","funders":"","keywords":"STAT3; Biology; Cancer research; STAT5; Ubiquitin ligase; STAT protein; SOCS6; Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; Signal transduction; Epigenetics; Tumor suppressor gene; Transcription factor; Cancer; Cell biology; Carcinogenesis; Suppressor; Ubiquitin; Genetics; Gene","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1403697252755419,"gpt":0.3977820562857622,"spread":0.2574123310102203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000301029,0.000258956,0.0004866125,0.0002844859,0.00003852919,0.00001787996,0.0001165025,0.0002325116,0.0009950805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000234729,0.0002629127,0.0001043028,0.0001084713,0.00005167856,0.0001010019,0.0005002013,0.001139455,0.0002529455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005888201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005663027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00262822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001195177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982758,0.00005532918,0.0004423302,0.000711428,0.000246339,0.0002687341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987362,0.00007888403,0.0002315827,0.0006919874,0.0001399506,0.0001214203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003988309,0.0001896044,0.7561746,0.0006605685,0.0001931176,0.00001641156,0.002333833,0.003943108,0.2343081,0.0001319777,0.0002898187,0.001359994],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001353252,0.0000902228,0.7739479,0.001757842,0.00009015269,0.00001581026,0.0004332815,0.001913499,0.2104699,0.0005703662,0.008964366,0.0003933865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871174,0.00005923399,0.0002450253,0.0007168113,0.0005510698,0.0008539323,0.00003344474,0.00007804765,0.01034506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973798,0.000267108,0.0001204849,0.0002949347,0.0001702431,0.0001074235,0.0001252672,0.00004194815,0.001492803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02383823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4200349714","doi":"10.20944/preprints202112.0438.v1","title":"X-Ray Diffraction Techniques for Mineral Characterization: A Review for Engineers of the Fundamentals, Applications, and Research Directions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Materials science; Residual stress; Diffraction; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Physics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1856733222345173,"gpt":0.4412144810800817,"spread":0.2555411588455644,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00199841,0.0002708817,0.0009198731,0.0002412709,0.0003512966,0.00004469271,0.0004513573,0.0002148716,0.0002130301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000604381,0.0002140732,0.0004782834,0.0007963285,0.0001991962,0.0001780309,0.0002746208,0.0003067757,0.00001422115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001575694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002011936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000128018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001918673,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974423,0.0003848271,0.0008232185,0.0007224629,0.0003496321,0.0002775584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971365,0.0006610373,0.0006440966,0.0009452394,0.0005423732,0.00007076825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003225444,0.0008327758,0.0009515936,0.2236178,0.0004285307,5.291699e-7,0.0002045923,0.000001222059,0.2601077,0.002157191,0.001725152,0.5099407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006708096,0.00001624438,0.0007005376,0.01071595,0.0003180343,0.00001134041,0.0000233488,0.000001488782,0.00159561,0.00003998016,0.9863255,0.000184868],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002769264,0.9860735,0.002608736,0.0003027098,0.0004387277,0.009516566,0.0005201807,0.0001225893,0.0001400876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001742083,0.9767877,0.001371209,0.00004624388,0.0002295257,0.0201921,0.000321686,0.00005345091,0.0008238085],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9846004,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8729652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3165607306","doi":"10.20944/preprints202105.0549.v1","title":"What Could Explain the Lower COVID-19 Burden in Africa Despite Considerable Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Immune responses and vaccinations","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Development economics; Government (linguistics); Public health; Sociocultural evolution; Population; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Geography; Economic growth; Political science; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Economics; Environmental health; Medicine; Disease","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1455140551327183,"gpt":0.3596061714445637,"spread":0.2140921163118455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001601663,0.0003418027,0.000544419,0.0001774393,0.0003607127,0.00006607898,0.0009006512,0.0007239418,0.00136566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001744576,0.0002514977,0.0003768053,0.0003221351,0.0002880637,0.0001869666,0.002020571,0.001437913,0.0002761458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002906127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009100766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002114367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006337747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963361,0.001621308,0.000781769,0.000710385,0.0001170066,0.0004334546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964952,0.0008413531,0.0005522456,0.001870474,0.0002193884,0.00002132634],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003149914,0.0003647098,0.03246242,0.0001494412,0.0004548695,0.00001961166,0.01391056,0.003759462,0.9469171,0.0007687552,0.0005868712,0.0002911695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002456917,0.00004017861,0.2455041,0.0008433236,0.0002638217,0.0001518304,0.007029397,0.0001855949,0.6307839,0.003756675,0.108184,0.0008002365],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838765,0.005954444,0.0001421119,0.005673775,0.002377116,0.001114322,0.00003666044,0.00005088007,0.0007741573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961146,0.001159453,0.00001330963,0.0006838789,0.00002933163,0.000218359,0.00007037576,0.00003095608,0.001679741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3161332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3125784216","doi":"10.20944/preprints202007.0604.v1","title":"Social Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","field":"Medicine","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Socioemotional selectivity theory; Psychology; Loneliness; Affect (linguistics); Parkinson's disease; Cognition; Facial expression; Embarrassment; Dysarthria; Dehumanization; Disease; Social cognition; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Social psychology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1082424654646947,"gpt":0.3571389744003701,"spread":0.2488965089356753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001858294,0.0005388586,0.001018633,0.0001576076,0.00009833831,0.00001239863,0.00040184,0.0003319795,0.00124363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002023327,0.0005315832,0.0007786731,0.0001605521,0.0001292649,0.0000478273,0.001503996,0.0006706832,0.00106426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002316642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006850487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008108738,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001863952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968224,0.0001183598,0.0006217235,0.001293572,0.000725755,0.0004182058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974522,0.00003121135,0.0004566993,0.001103359,0.0001798287,0.0007766897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001149314,0.001135408,0.9891744,0.001338668,0.001277181,0.0005041757,0.0005388312,0.00001183448,0.002166072,0.0008973668,0.0002261593,0.001580563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001738709,0.00006562673,0.9603214,0.0003573821,0.001426144,0.000004394446,0.00002894023,0.0001269084,0.006675172,0.004965071,0.02391789,0.0003723775],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895848,0.0004812522,0.00007274557,0.001847445,0.0004097986,0.001198646,0.0003252822,0.0002552572,0.005824756],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972767,0.0001460197,0.0001510493,0.0004031383,0.0004831181,0.0003111008,0.000383992,0.00009299506,0.0007518583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02885304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123002416","doi":"10.20944/preprints201810.0423.v1","title":"Cross-Sectional Analysis of Overall Dietary Intake and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Patient&amp;rsquo;s with Crohn&amp;rsquo;s Disease","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Eosinophilic Esophagitis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Medicine; Micronutrient; Niacin; Crohn's disease; Internal medicine; Population; Cross-sectional study; Mediterranean diet; Gastroenterology; Disease; Environmental health; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.127356884016971,"gpt":0.3645042353433842,"spread":0.2371473513264132,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007774116,0.0009415076,0.00186844,0.001390148,0.0001280796,0.00005568513,0.0005836901,0.0006267907,0.004123925],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005423739,0.0008841373,0.0006727768,0.0007919148,0.00105861,0.0002402148,0.002133683,0.00164329,0.0001759609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003924302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003834355,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00302152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001446472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933372,0.0002999351,0.001724178,0.002429027,0.001462316,0.0007473087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945536,0.0002508105,0.0009282412,0.002854334,0.0006096922,0.0008033028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002155345,0.0009432834,0.9865702,0.001204897,0.00317576,0.0004373523,0.00230637,0.0009555676,0.0008801069,0.000002059073,0.00004201052,0.001327087],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001554987,0.0001800257,0.9929144,0.0008716742,0.002166239,0.0000537884,0.00002123529,0.0005974718,0.0004233009,0.0003055549,0.0001842184,0.0007270468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951014,0.0008222787,0.00005044105,0.0003754956,0.0006131231,0.001417819,0.0008124614,0.0001549027,0.0006520931],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99448,0.0002788145,0.0003376191,0.0005789989,0.0004775111,0.0002268775,0.002882482,0.0001311789,0.0006065718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006344296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3024466582","doi":"10.20944/preprints202004.0193.v1","title":"COVID-19 Epidemic Compartments Model and Bangladesh","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Outbreak; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Basic reproduction number; Outcome (game theory); Epidemic model; Stability (learning theory); Population; Reproduction; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Geography; Demography; Susceptible individual; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Computer science; Virology; Biology; Mathematics; Ecology; Disease; Medicine; Mathematical economics; Sociology; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.6841775240155535,"gpt":0.512502918934943,"spread":0.1716746050806105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002566664,0.0008379299,0.001975833,0.0001178988,0.0002973271,0.00002808695,0.001086251,0.0006549846,0.0006821579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0418524,0.0007619376,0.0004194156,0.0001574637,0.0003970496,0.0000741707,0.009894876,0.001735362,0.0006622054],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007951903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004624942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003242355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005677577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944192,0.0007025496,0.001407351,0.002221711,0.0005170151,0.0007322395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919881,0.00430207,0.0008470195,0.001645569,0.0001144827,0.001102753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000172605,0.0003327437,0.9373878,0.003721364,0.000828427,0.00006426661,0.002745835,0.01039157,0.0007562498,0.02674016,0.01670763,0.0001513962],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008011821,0.00002602956,0.06534814,0.0001804649,0.0003076328,0.000007351798,0.00009021214,0.02854005,0.0001899397,0.8924797,0.01111636,0.0009129866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.930477,0.0008537762,0.02303094,0.03475333,0.0004284687,0.002899536,0.0002865579,0.001470028,0.00580038],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979046,0.0007751665,0.007352129,0.01135006,0.0002045115,0.0005429155,0.00005836609,0.00008331231,0.0005875386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8720396,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3202352862","doi":"10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1","title":"Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","field":"Medicine","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Wastewater; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Infection control; Virology; Computer science; Medicine; Environmental science; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Intensive care medicine; Disease; Environmental engineering; Pathology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.210736110727144,"gpt":0.3824446517925502,"spread":0.1717085410654062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001096359,0.0003171763,0.000712885,0.0003861726,0.00006752464,0.00002392567,0.0001442673,0.0003968684,0.00001364658],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001386018,0.0003408469,0.0001982137,0.0002683899,0.00009131716,0.00008751589,0.0003743674,0.0006113423,0.00001615163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001533243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001104281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006414413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005180428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974495,0.0001283745,0.0008688882,0.000993431,0.0002551286,0.0003046762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980714,0.0002075838,0.0005185629,0.0008186293,0.0003419605,0.00004186274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002139656,0.00009303408,0.1744416,0.0008847754,0.00006739724,0.00000692321,0.0008870192,0.0000401982,0.8216977,0.000004459823,0.000001101072,0.001661797],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000974679,0.00003664117,0.1506003,0.0005791415,0.00005313034,0.00004042077,0.0004206948,0.003302573,0.843474,0.0001009171,0.0001822872,0.0002352856],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958476,0.0002046912,0.001337375,0.0001455667,0.0007115627,0.00112809,0.00001037781,0.000124238,0.0004905289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980929,0.00004645816,0.001266203,0.000118471,0.0001093751,0.0002150697,0.00003386874,0.00005845535,0.00005916697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02384133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4319161334","doi":"10.20944/preprints202302.0052.v1","title":"Reducing Noise, Artifacts and Interference in Single-Channel EMG Signals : A Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation; Université Laval; Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail","keywords":"SIGNAL (programming language); Computer science; Noise (video); Interference (communication); Noise reduction; Subtraction; Channel (broadcasting); Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Signal processing; Time domain; Speech recognition; Computer vision; Telecommunications; Mathematics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.2410404327624064,"gpt":0.3588901554570063,"spread":0.1178497226945998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000438909,0.000395197,0.001274711,0.0003712463,0.00004152045,0.0000167403,0.0002260415,0.0001418427,0.00009446463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003511314,0.0003757201,0.0002002233,0.0008100565,0.00003420902,0.0001050313,0.00021679,0.0005127096,0.0001687443],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000102892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002889726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002232133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001412371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998181,0.00009720717,0.0007231781,0.0005086155,0.0001271087,0.0003628533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991149,0.0001948379,0.000145235,0.0004220908,0.00003725018,0.0000857097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001997489,0.00004022022,0.0002072321,0.1160094,0.000356229,0.00001440672,0.0003787148,0.00004272344,0.0001793512,0.00001397042,0.0003652786,0.8823905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002215524,0.00004097852,0.00401765,0.4057711,0.0005418332,0.0000346271,0.00005971966,0.00007598164,0.0004219199,0.0002309148,0.5870693,0.001514474],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005841363,0.9953684,0.00002505492,0.00004735495,0.00016156,0.0007502664,0.000005184923,0.0003349704,0.002723031],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008726361,0.9906078,0.000009034865,0.00003692317,0.00004776641,0.0003371663,0.00001331137,0.00006899259,0.0001526275],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.880876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122244849","doi":"10.20944/preprints201704.0076.v1","title":"Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan-Caffeic Acid Conjugate against Antibiotic Resistant Acne-Related Bacteria","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","field":"Medicine","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; Pukyong National University; Gyeongsang National University","keywords":"Propionibacterium acnes; Antibiotics; Antibacterial activity; Acne; Chemistry; Bacteria; Tetracycline; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Microbiology; Lincomycin; Staphylococcus aureus; Biology; Biochemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04351224283791089,"gpt":0.3225126091020897,"spread":0.2790003662641788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003965592,0.0009864609,0.002241403,0.0002953171,0.0003404882,0.00006892426,0.0007157295,0.001095878,0.0002187653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009103538,0.0008050591,0.0007348272,0.0001244014,0.0004799388,0.000126577,0.001664447,0.001071906,0.0004074867],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001108737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005001603,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002166473,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005255588,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956477,0.0003134721,0.001144146,0.001545737,0.0005541734,0.0007947765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947653,0.0001636981,0.00137709,0.003117859,0.000130364,0.0004456438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001268664,0.0007900702,0.09504171,0.004764779,0.00161914,0.0009590153,0.0003655489,0.0000147307,0.8945096,0.00003706551,0.00003688768,0.0005928472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003198904,0.000262528,0.4258637,0.004435083,0.001114251,0.00001740187,0.00001013305,0.00003589315,0.5644218,0.00004982546,0.0001338207,0.0004566689],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828734,0.0006167543,0.00001041617,0.0002342537,0.004144881,0.002370584,0.0001202282,0.0002284051,0.00940112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960902,0.00134791,0.0001249127,0.00007746206,0.0005401127,0.00005163319,0.0007331754,0.0001471862,0.0008874201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.330822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3122401951","doi":"10.20944/preprints201709.0055.v1","title":"Introduction to Reconfiguration","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Process Optimization and Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Control reconfiguration; Sequence (biology); Graph; Computer science; Space (punctuation); Theoretical computer science; Topology (electrical circuits); Mathematics; Combinatorics","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.07780052751492263,"gpt":0.3194496127273931,"spread":0.2416490852124705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002958068,0.0002704191,0.0002568974,0.0001967895,0.0001178155,0.0001010657,0.0004529596,0.0003132029,0.001743508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004236295,0.0003066303,0.00008332774,0.00007057296,0.00002151886,0.0002805219,0.0002354532,0.0005617097,0.003794378],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002081118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005496573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002882603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002491925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986467,0.00002834009,0.0003727975,0.0005648991,0.0001876841,0.0001995862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99835,0.000008221671,0.0001312285,0.001167229,0.000229078,0.0001142264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004309756,0.00005902862,0.007206609,0.0004583912,0.0001576623,0.000002257729,0.001581589,0.91538,0.03470726,0.001086983,0.02456483,0.0147523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003925189,0.00003017274,0.05261655,0.0003527032,0.00009054149,0.00001089169,0.00008938534,0.1331313,0.4629186,0.003171084,0.3456973,0.001498981],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5359479,0.0002875169,0.1616221,0.01144688,0.01680391,0.002506123,0.00007109252,0.003731214,0.2675833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913515,0.0003117663,0.001021455,0.00009019027,0.001936407,0.0002656631,0.0002701718,0.00006180034,0.004691044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7822487,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121140040","doi":"10.20944/preprints201805.0084.v1","title":"Beneficial Impact and Molecular Mechanism of &lt;em&gt;Bacillus Coagulans&lt;/em&gt; on Piglets Intestine","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Gut microbiota and health","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Bacillus coagulans; Ileum; Prevotella; Biology; Jejunum; Diarrhea; Lactobacillus; Internal medicine; Endocrinology; Biochemistry; Bacteria; Fermentation; Medicine","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.04167748653861472,"gpt":0.318938681847254,"spread":0.2772611953086393,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007573394,0.0007404642,0.0008464732,0.0002051919,0.0001304346,0.00003350799,0.0007403757,0.00100723,0.0002852722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000369809,0.0007322106,0.000394501,0.0001165634,0.0002075511,0.00000531363,0.002268185,0.0006374803,0.0001696219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001068164,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004388436,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001118177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001158247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963489,0.0002042727,0.0008056489,0.001584951,0.0003702916,0.0006859398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968476,0.00002874833,0.0005900558,0.00177576,0.0004197145,0.000338116],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003539867,0.0002544417,0.006321486,0.0003456508,0.0002863438,0.00002176969,0.0002762718,0.0001335672,0.9907828,0.0004429587,0.0002355722,0.0005451783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001188279,0.0009125926,0.06378196,0.000416712,0.0001669018,0.00008552121,0.00003853008,0.0001325966,0.9267979,0.002168677,0.003364935,0.0009453829],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947916,0.0007499151,0.0007798476,0.000145184,0.0005325678,0.0008784044,0.0003508436,0.00005478356,0.001716904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971454,0.0005568463,0.0005753364,0.0003154972,0.0004175823,0.00005208794,0.0005567893,0.0001075302,0.0002729835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06398486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995129,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3121455523","doi":"10.20944/preprints202007.0456.v1","title":"Winter is Coming: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective of the Environmental Drivers of SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential Seasonality of COVID-19","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Foundation; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Quarter (Canadian coin); Geography; Transmission (telecommunications); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Southern Hemisphere; Demography; Preprint; Seasonality; Environmental health; Climatology; Disease; Medicine; Ecology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.3303775134117717,"gpt":0.4307273963245755,"spread":0.1003498829128037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001518762,0.0003947707,0.001250584,0.00001463535,0.0001179163,0.000005498676,0.001025675,0.0002761875,0.0004486553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006399692,0.0002411706,0.0008020455,0.00008216868,0.002432281,0.00002215499,0.006764164,0.0007810623,0.00001621091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003292105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001535307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001306474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005400968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966199,0.0008796593,0.0008871563,0.0008370491,0.0005426404,0.0002336078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953518,0.001886822,0.001410592,0.001179096,0.00009022468,0.00008145843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009943704,0.0003621124,0.908419,0.001676514,0.001841272,0.000004327484,0.04700183,0.0001150388,0.03349091,0.005598583,0.0004666633,0.00002936947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003589677,0.00005716591,0.2624059,0.0004020986,0.001319307,0.00000869924,0.02640173,0.0006657302,0.08621158,0.6175997,0.0007092272,0.0006292392],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851964,0.0002931526,0.0008880534,0.01120145,0.00007739062,0.001172258,0.0005383277,0.00003143509,0.0006015806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981824,0.000118788,0.0002803726,0.001217021,0.00004197954,0.00004567719,0.000002811881,0.00002585308,0.00008510039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6460131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.983465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4229542534","doi":"10.20944/preprints201804.0321.v1","title":"The Integration of Sociality, Monoamines, and Stress Neuroendocrinology in Fish Models: Applications in the Neurosciences","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sociality; Monoamine neurotransmitter; Monoaminergic; Zebrafish; Psychology; Neuroscience; Neuroendocrinology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Biology; Ecology; Cognitive science; Genetics; Fishery","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1302855907239542,"gpt":0.3936435460111371,"spread":0.2633579552871829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005593639,0.0001555222,0.0001658666,0.00008209541,0.0001299463,0.00003100988,0.001217441,0.0001669446,0.000004053961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006011185,0.0001062573,0.0000562836,0.0002376073,0.001096726,0.000006415748,0.001640576,0.0004691181,0.000002812764],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002017514,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001734746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004225111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002764072,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980726,0.0003561153,0.0003993647,0.0006275738,0.0002660519,0.000278319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985513,0.000168596,0.0001792441,0.0009270142,0.0001215216,0.00005228586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001542551,0.001060703,0.7861205,0.0002184737,0.00006211778,0.000004525285,0.001262588,0.0003333074,0.1910352,0.009767462,0.0009036238,0.0090772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002896496,0.00008540588,0.9175893,0.00003995933,0.0000147861,0.000004921294,0.0007331318,0.001822416,0.04537116,0.02561654,0.008217567,0.0002151449],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931986,0.0001942201,0.0008419858,0.003655013,0.00009569454,0.001078472,0.0001019761,0.000008003641,0.000826063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960093,0.002368077,0.00003962848,0.0001777641,0.00008725725,0.001069642,0.0001351548,0.00001041979,0.0001027054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1456641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4333048,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4205447416","doi":"10.20944/preprints202201.0120.v1","title":"Striking a Balance between Work and Play: The Effects of Work-life Interference and Burnout on Faculty Turnover Intentions and Career Satisfaction","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Burnout; Cynicism; Psychology; Psychological intervention; Job satisfaction; Structural equation modeling; Descriptive statistics; Emotional exhaustion; Social psychology; Clinical psychology; Political science","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1896626315348534,"gpt":0.440554293235695,"spread":0.2508916617008417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001460633,0.0004695762,0.0008467747,0.000191495,0.001093444,0.00002630244,0.0003748035,0.0005871443,0.0003414051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00177968,0.0003496721,0.0001108058,0.0002526326,0.0002434504,0.000100737,0.004118144,0.004333809,0.0000108839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002228847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004837027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009286721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001331616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953419,0.001408849,0.0009982286,0.001051218,0.0006234016,0.0005764347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951141,0.002551204,0.0009096247,0.0008533979,0.0002459082,0.0003257466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001622776,0.0000344764,0.9829088,0.00198039,0.0001656554,0.000003751525,0.00628782,0.000009354711,0.0000995155,0.0002506271,0.0001377873,0.007959544],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006484937,0.00005938977,0.9847811,0.01064577,0.0001113076,8.360118e-7,0.001419324,0.000009516186,0.00008708489,0.0006312372,0.001308199,0.0002977085],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9904442,0.001856782,0.0001087976,0.003018789,0.001423972,0.002276504,0.0002366633,0.00008722509,0.0005470547],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966859,0.001265895,0.00005855077,0.000368704,0.0002491039,0.000790883,0.00008238827,0.00004740363,0.0004512299],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008665382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4387120079","doi":"10.20944/preprints202309.1834.v1","title":"Hydrogen Combustion:Features and Barriers to its Exploitation in the Energy Transition","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Centre Casa","funders":"Ministry of Environment","keywords":"Combustion; Hydrogen; Adiabatic flame temperature; Natural gas; Materials science; Diffusion flame; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Combustor; Engineering; Organic chemistry","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06688924466157727,"gpt":0.3062869998959082,"spread":0.239397755234331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003653014,0.0003227872,0.0002974945,0.0003342415,0.00007617288,0.00001901781,0.0005792833,0.0003915245,0.00005975661],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001116589,0.000307153,0.00008488982,0.0004094311,0.00004797952,0.0001151126,0.0005693363,0.000905436,0.00009798536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001483889,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003304733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007248245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002390285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982403,0.0000748255,0.0003685291,0.0006928415,0.0003127839,0.0003107188],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988181,0.000179189,0.00008776489,0.0007253888,0.00006978965,0.0001197458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003173668,0.00002214045,0.0007739345,0.0001445634,0.00004675569,0.00002027882,0.003344292,0.9589795,0.03004861,0.005769691,0.0001050138,0.000713426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00160483,0.00008512857,0.05204085,0.001396107,0.0002003508,0.0000679115,0.008029422,0.09724486,0.7768438,0.05684618,0.00318236,0.002458142],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9489588,0.0002439105,0.04186418,0.005798853,0.000289859,0.0006560718,0.0000380764,0.001690189,0.0004601128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977716,0.0002409781,0.000548058,0.0003110099,0.00007197355,0.0006856567,0.00007009468,0.0000592725,0.0002413767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8617347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3184675760","doi":"10.20944/preprints202107.0668.v1","title":"Effect of Storage Conditions on the Quality of Arbequina Extra Virgin Olive Oil and the Impact on the Composition of Flavor-related Compounds (Phenols and Volatiles)","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Bottling line; Food science; Composition (language); Flavor; Phenols; Chemical composition; Cold storage; Horticulture; Organic chemistry; Biology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.06949487616056681,"gpt":0.3713988118409879,"spread":0.3019039356804211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004304618,0.0004281241,0.001152084,0.00008546538,0.0002287154,0.000040504,0.0005708264,0.0003533228,0.001135107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007482537,0.0002316714,0.0006077033,0.0002107354,0.001273219,0.00005630432,0.0006921633,0.001276396,0.000007363756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008281134,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008483173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001450701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002502323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951386,0.002415153,0.001059575,0.0005927784,0.0005778743,0.0002160233],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9894596,0.007219207,0.001410286,0.00161691,0.0002212337,0.00007280394],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002150333,0.000914719,0.05966748,0.01035408,0.004834093,0.000007002908,0.01380597,0.005746985,0.8877566,0.01426702,0.00003587887,0.0004598542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003834452,0.0002106874,0.08047072,0.008031157,0.001698998,0.00001222067,0.004034928,0.00687421,0.8874664,0.006640006,0.000006509278,0.0007197453],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891402,0.0004858804,0.0000127182,0.0004921543,0.00005147765,0.0002223449,0.000452451,0.00002706554,0.009115768],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985529,0.0008731402,0.000003969408,0.0000382173,0.00004215966,0.0000816016,0.000202753,0.00002493335,0.0001802897],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02080324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4385706616","doi":"10.20944/preprints202308.0516.v1","title":"Anabolic resistance in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in the elderly","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Sarcopenia; Anabolism; Skeletal muscle; Endocrinology; Internal medicine; Ageing; Catabolism; Hormone; Insulin resistance; Insulin; Medicine; Biology; Metabolism","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.08986826883401788,"gpt":0.3346292131581011,"spread":0.2447609443240832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001906547,0.0002203173,0.0002946186,0.0001158298,0.00004251561,0.00001564272,0.001232068,0.0002992731,0.00002253618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002687594,0.0001600081,0.0001621404,0.0002877263,0.00009166051,0.000003260699,0.0006256897,0.0003975884,0.00004074346],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001220903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009136326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003582012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001709621,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976503,0.0006813147,0.0004795068,0.0006419983,0.0002846629,0.0002622634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980934,0.00005470667,0.0002062084,0.001555122,0.00006585242,0.00002475568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004266332,0.0005588253,0.4387153,0.0007333539,0.00007753503,0.00005561096,0.003268734,0.0001810862,0.5510215,0.0008278049,0.00115376,0.002979816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003998899,0.00002043535,0.9601383,0.000115511,0.00002244261,0.000001838261,0.0002718097,0.00000243835,0.0232306,0.002377521,0.01323979,0.0001794829],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941368,0.002511554,0.00002404147,0.0008611985,0.0001832915,0.0007063512,0.00007571678,0.000009787625,0.001491308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995737,0.002993957,0.00009964764,0.0001820669,0.0002035073,0.0003413579,0.0001707735,0.00002681491,0.000244932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.527791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6524943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3124723126","doi":"10.20944/preprints202008.0253.v1","title":"Prediction and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Targeting &lt;i&gt;microRNA&lt;/i&gt; in Human Lung Epithelium","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"MicroRNA in disease regulation","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University Health Network; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"microRNA; Coronavirus; Biology; Virology; RNA; Mechanism (biology); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Immunology; Gene; Genetics; Disease; Medicine; Pathology; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.05082982092555497,"gpt":0.3166939297280539,"spread":0.2658641088024989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006919312,0.0004225205,0.0006841802,0.000407691,0.00007860803,0.00002295891,0.0004589234,0.0006000017,0.00005939522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002771411,0.0005020492,0.0003991261,0.000386893,0.0001563217,0.00000993183,0.001783237,0.0003647426,0.00001151561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010461,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001290578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004999308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008056881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967924,0.0002621148,0.0009419572,0.001386439,0.0002782417,0.0003388363],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979529,0.00001925474,0.000666003,0.001054784,0.0001984882,0.000108563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006738848,0.00008335221,0.2519292,0.0002616431,0.0009261508,0.000003823845,0.0001950875,0.001330922,0.7449834,0.00004430834,0.0001261912,0.00004853266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003023299,0.0000166147,0.4116634,0.00008241223,0.0006143315,0.000001282272,0.000008156095,0.002161655,0.5839707,0.0001536607,0.0007600571,0.0002654516],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957144,0.001454714,0.0009204424,0.000111656,0.0001551473,0.0006342204,0.0002908304,0.00004661289,0.0006720045],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968349,0.000384792,0.0003118296,0.0000568699,0.0001991156,0.00007975454,0.002006114,0.0000580514,0.00006855186],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1610128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3123282680","doi":"10.20944/preprints202007.0095.v1","title":"Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the Italian Agri-food Sector: An Analysis of the Quarter of Pandemic Lockdown and Clues for a Socio-Economic and Territorial Restart","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true},"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Università degli Studi di Padova","keywords":"Agriculture; Quarter (Canadian coin); Tourism; Sustainability; Pandemic; Geography; Business; Economic growth; Economy; Development economics; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Economics; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Ecology","retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.1878475782605254,"gpt":0.3536667457764381,"spread":0.1658191675159127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001372774,0.0003679122,0.00118959,0.0002511033,0.0001127395,0.00003448762,0.0009815143,0.0003595647,0.00007756479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006867188,0.0002442709,0.000918577,0.0002172122,0.0004303442,0.0001044624,0.0009584452,0.0005317742,0.000006355937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003676989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000243739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004300271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008893576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974164,0.0001632037,0.001173459,0.0008537101,0.00009911777,0.0002940637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959214,0.000511451,0.001751797,0.001692274,0.00005832998,0.0000646972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001857617,0.00007189768,0.9854813,0.0001484667,0.001939829,7.906255e-8,0.005395826,0.0007627104,0.004064996,0.001788642,0.0001269098,0.00003363785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006518897,0.0001931494,0.969579,0.000080221,0.0004036353,9.608685e-7,0.0002388944,0.002761493,0.004734868,0.02081192,0.000269846,0.0002740989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943577,0.0001341943,0.00003719287,0.001093857,0.0006397662,0.001109374,0.002363451,0.00001729678,0.0002471349],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999362,0.00008922751,0.00001225364,0.0001615185,0.0002440092,0.00005808826,0.00001939884,0.00003511252,0.0000183968],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01902328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}