{"meta":{"page":1,"per_page":50,"max_per_page":100,"total":6,"total_is_capped":false,"direct_labels_cover":0,"predictions_cover":6,"direct_label_status":"direct model label, unvalidated","prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated (Codex and Gemma teacher distillation)","score_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline (scores rank; they never assert a category)","snapshot":{"source":"OpenAlex, pinned release, all 482 partitions","release":"2026-06-24","frame_built":"2026-07-12","author_layer_release":"2026-06-26"},"query_hash":"29a45ca83aba","filters":{"venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)"}},"results":[{"id":"W4246555249","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.hte.036731","title":"EFFECTS OF STAND-OFF DISTANCE AND JET-TO-JET SPACING ON THE HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE OF AN IN-LINE ARRAY OF SUBMERGED IMPINGING JETS","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Jet (fluid); Line (geometry); Heat transfer; Mechanics; Physics; Materials science; Mathematics; Geometry","authors":[{"name":"Corey Klinkhamer","is_ca":true},{"name":"S. Abishek","is_ca":true},{"name":"K. Lakshmi Varaha Iyer","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ram Balachandar","is_ca":true},{"name":"Ron M. Barron","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01177402883251114,"gpt":0.1986348106122852,"spread":0.1868607817797741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003556505,0.0002924828,0.0005728006,0.0001781565,0.00003189227,0.0000161879,0.0001595893,0.00008600879,0.000008290379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005906723,0.0002425414,0.0000518932,0.0003607732,0.00005827265,0.0001894514,0.00002245293,0.000251187,1.471009e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002326503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003790444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001087887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004125071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986681,0.00001818893,0.0004779747,0.0002507404,0.0002441394,0.0003408794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994596,0.0001299408,0.00001587255,0.0001561146,0.0001297634,0.0001086591],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005541036,0.00004024119,0.002442412,0.003774637,0.00004137089,0.000002477249,0.002860836,0.01742722,0.9696604,0.002020061,1.821237e-7,0.001674751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005145018,0.0002860613,0.00867286,0.002008775,0.0000310217,0.000004181692,0.0001699458,0.09195618,0.8961272,0.00001509821,0.000004180328,0.0002099712],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599605,0.0009584044,0.03848806,0.00003160002,0.00009880101,0.0002892456,0.00001766085,0.00004866395,0.0001070326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988149,0.0004000062,0.0006817717,0.000005355983,0.00002703286,0.00002364561,0.000002041203,0.0000432036,0.000002091496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07452897,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9890549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W3189790661","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.ens.036148","title":"Experimental Characterization of a Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump for Solar-Domestic-Hot-Water Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Refrigerant; Characterization (materials science); Flow (mathematics); Variable (mathematics); Materials science; Heat pump; Petroleum engineering; Environmental science; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Process engineering; Nuclear engineering; Heat exchanger; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Nanotechnology","authors":[{"name":"Julian C. Howarth","is_ca":true},{"name":"Michael R. Collins","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01244591929962492,"gpt":0.2137900537912167,"spread":0.2013441344915918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008945826,0.0001711847,0.000252772,0.0001046439,0.0000708672,0.00005517786,0.00009949271,0.00009256954,0.00006052789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002148556,0.0001549075,0.00004362045,0.0001341679,0.0000425469,0.0002109527,0.00004013949,0.0001000071,0.00000144782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001981383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002568423,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001596459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.134457e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999201,0.000003549985,0.0002980353,0.0001858619,0.0001007034,0.0002108741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996122,0.00002895985,0.00002569421,0.0001079154,0.0001799673,0.00004531001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000705627,0.00003024651,0.00008046921,0.0003882952,0.00003600742,4.412746e-7,0.0002788134,0.003706101,0.9904431,0.004304266,0.000004206284,0.0007209717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002526389,0.00004298622,0.0002797322,0.0001118751,0.00001729779,0.000006953338,0.00007764109,0.1941829,0.8044414,0.0001027643,0.0003289368,0.000154876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.616676,0.0001583931,0.3822115,0.00005189725,0.0001152359,0.0002789819,0.00004828057,0.0002688441,0.0001909203],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913418,0.00005375009,0.008099621,0.000007472391,0.00005818631,0.000243427,0.0001108633,0.00002823298,0.00005665515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3746658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6316946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4244408297","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.mpm.032270","title":"HEAT TRANSFER AT CASTING/MOLD INTERFACE IN PRESSURIZED SOLIDIFICATION OF AL ALLOY A380","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Mold; Materials science; Alloy; Heat transfer; Casting; Metallurgy; Composite material; Mechanics","authors":[{"name":"Luyang Ren","is_ca":true},{"name":"Xuezhi Zhang","is_ca":true},{"name":"Fang Li","is_ca":true},{"name":"Henry Hu","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01627982752421326,"gpt":0.2068409613483771,"spread":0.1905611338241638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001399313,0.000264788,0.0004097759,0.0001184692,0.00002851005,0.00003318127,0.000167386,0.0001091942,0.00006939426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004960114,0.000261586,0.0000542238,0.0001785903,0.00007155084,0.0002086051,0.00007933879,0.0002300144,0.000001496534],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000445417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003461303,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002835784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006134665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988188,0.00001023463,0.0004423574,0.000261041,0.0001615725,0.00030595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995729,0.00004353347,0.0000134308,0.0001369519,0.0001638781,0.0000693487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003106782,0.0000167169,0.001997923,0.0008364015,0.0000489193,0.000002626688,0.002671109,0.01834473,0.9753897,0.000163609,0.00001158358,0.0004855869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004947514,0.00004058013,0.003710762,0.0003893868,0.00002781332,0.00002468711,0.0001523722,0.1139584,0.8807907,0.000007774403,0.000146933,0.0002558435],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922517,0.002000578,0.004908481,0.00005259041,0.0001718727,0.0001705046,0.00001463244,0.0001139404,0.0003156918],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986976,0.0001850113,0.0009348891,0.000006075087,0.00003216408,0.00002135247,0.000006587477,0.00004673963,0.00006961991],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09561372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4256376211","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.hte.031894","title":"NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON CONFINED IMPINGING SLOT JETS WITH NANOFLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Porous medium; Materials science; Mechanics; Porosity; Physics; Heat transfer; Composite material","authors":[{"name":"Bernardo Buonomo","is_ca":false},{"name":"Anna di Pasqua","is_ca":false},{"name":"Oronzio Manca","is_ca":false},{"name":"Ghofrane Sekrani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Sébastien Poncet","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.02055108063412972,"gpt":0.1926293962939424,"spread":0.1720783156598127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002011449,0.0003448074,0.0004321766,0.0002228994,0.00003909925,0.00006016602,0.0001462395,0.0001343062,0.0000459193],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007234391,0.0003321309,0.00003663005,0.0004240473,0.0000483111,0.0002141176,0.00002491731,0.0003574707,0.000004004123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005634211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008745177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001855693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003097422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985118,0.00001353996,0.0003884714,0.0003399017,0.0002896629,0.0004566484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994285,0.00009897713,0.00002074021,0.0001403492,0.0001285396,0.0001829298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002526207,0.00002808765,0.002348425,0.0005502385,0.0000439449,0.00003843182,0.002357771,0.01524046,0.9631099,0.01323357,0.00000396236,0.003019957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001084814,0.0002104734,0.0101031,0.001121385,0.0000329736,0.00005108962,0.00024938,0.1779289,0.8084317,0.0001620347,0.00003295226,0.0005912498],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9712976,0.0003050553,0.02645744,0.0001173328,0.0001992457,0.000184044,0.000007705669,0.0003155003,0.001116093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975199,0.00006898684,0.002169953,0.00003017073,0.00007883459,0.00003908715,0.00001427564,0.00006872424,0.00001003098],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1626884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4238651716","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.mph.036466","title":"TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAXIMUM ENTROPY PRINCIPLE TO PREDICT SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS DUE TO WAVE-BODY INTERACTIONS","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Principle of maximum entropy; Entropy (arrow of time); Statistical physics; Physics; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Artificial intelligence","authors":[{"name":"Armin Bodaghkhani","is_ca":true},{"name":"Yuri S. Muzychka","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.01335849515844145,"gpt":0.2340526971962025,"spread":0.2206942020377611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009835731,0.0002819389,0.0003396295,0.0002456738,0.0000975542,0.000112706,0.000128116,0.00006176756,0.0002699915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001237232,0.000299249,0.00007183041,0.0003177874,0.00002121186,0.0002830681,0.0001393937,0.0002902221,0.00002888004],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007807891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005461252,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009911556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002655263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986905,0.000007449863,0.0004347786,0.0003037365,0.0002020651,0.0003615117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999071,0.00007996598,0.0000354962,0.0001898041,0.0003591391,0.0002645682],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000186855,0.00006062998,0.001241566,0.0001543371,0.00008886147,0.00001365275,0.0004246828,0.1355979,0.853937,0.00701726,0.00008418733,0.001361301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003521261,0.0001038364,0.01880427,0.0003812628,0.00005260415,0.00008680674,0.00007256405,0.9371606,0.04030593,0.00005308239,0.002180483,0.0004464679],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9388137,0.00005127064,0.05848329,0.0001789896,0.0008359067,0.00023556,0.00009491648,0.0002312897,0.00107505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903494,0.00001164964,0.008943951,0.00003987522,0.0002289018,0.0000529332,0.00004442942,0.0000522146,0.0002766538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.813631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null},{"id":"W4245528489","doi":"10.1615/tfec2021.fnd.036652","title":"A NUMERICAL STUDY OF ASSISTING MIXED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FROM NARROW ISOTHERMAL INCLINED FLAT PLATES","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceeding of 5-6th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)","topic":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false},"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Isothermal process; Convection; Heat transfer; Materials science; Mechanics; Convective heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Physics","authors":[{"name":"Mohamed Elkhmri","is_ca":true},{"name":"Patrick H. Oosthuizen","is_ca":true}],"retraction":null,"screen_n_in":null,"score":{"opus":0.0161748743595044,"gpt":0.2095112721462611,"spread":0.1933363977867567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline"},"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001330409,0.0003068641,0.000546011,0.0001074982,0.00005843228,0.00004236706,0.0001350351,0.0001277524,0.0000886034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004547721,0.0003059525,0.0000718985,0.0002801229,0.00004075261,0.0002222354,0.0000256536,0.0002667536,0.000001083503],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002466127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000415756,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009207071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000437202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986479,0.00002222217,0.0004970657,0.0003069717,0.0002242107,0.0003016252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994136,0.0001291939,0.00001110228,0.0001204327,0.0002074583,0.0001181966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005518743,0.0001315483,0.01693473,0.000466875,0.0002211986,0.000008939924,0.008425659,0.1207884,0.8515803,0.0001803346,0.000002980123,0.001203901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001453072,0.0002325957,0.02517103,0.0002679207,0.0001112196,0.000006018646,0.001015332,0.5646159,0.4067231,0.00001504633,0.000005967427,0.0003827896],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9309947,0.0004305858,0.06761559,0.00002129779,0.0001759528,0.0002216245,0.00002334182,0.0001812313,0.0003356229],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989284,0.0000281462,0.0008458412,0.000005647887,0.00008484039,0.00002800842,0.00001735578,0.00005478394,0.00000697775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4448572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"labels":[],"label_agreement":null}]}